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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evidence of strain structure in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum var</italic> gene repertoires in children from Gabon, West Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Day, Karen P" sort="Day, Karen P" uniqKey="Day K" first="Karen P." last="Day">Karen P. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences,<institution>The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Artzy Randrup, Yael" sort="Artzy Randrup, Yael" uniqKey="Artzy Randrup Y" first="Yael" last="Artzy-Randrup">Yael Artzy-Randrup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Theoretical Ecology Group, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics,<institution>University of Amsterdam</institution>, 1090 GE Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor,<addr-line>MI</addr-line> 48109;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiedje, Kathryn E" sort="Tiedje, Kathryn E" uniqKey="Tiedje K" first="Kathryn E." last="Tiedje">Kathryn E. Tiedje</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences,<institution>The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rougeron, Virginie" sort="Rougeron, Virginie" uniqKey="Rougeron V" first="Virginie" last="Rougeron">Virginie Rougeron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, UMR 224-5290 CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement–<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Donald S" sort="Chen, Donald S" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Donald S." last="Chen">Donald S. Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Medicine,<institution>New York Medical College</institution>, Valhalla,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10595;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rask, Thomas S" sort="Rask, Thomas S" uniqKey="Rask T" first="Thomas S." last="Rask">Thomas S. Rask</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences,<institution>The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rorick, Mary M" sort="Rorick, Mary M" uniqKey="Rorick M" first="Mary M." last="Rorick">Mary M. Rorick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor,<addr-line>MI</addr-line> 48109;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Department of Ecology and Evolution</institution>, University of Chicago, Chicago,<addr-line>IL</addr-line> 60637;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migot Nabias, Florence" sort="Migot Nabias, Florence" uniqKey="Migot Nabias F" first="Florence" last="Migot-Nabias">Florence Migot-Nabias</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>, UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 75006 Paris, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Communautés d'Universités et Établissements, Sorbonne Paris Cité,<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloron, Philippe" sort="Deloron, Philippe" uniqKey="Deloron P" first="Philippe" last="Deloron">Philippe Deloron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>, UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 75006 Paris, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Communautés d'Universités et Établissements, Sorbonne Paris Cité,<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luty, Adrian J F" sort="Luty, Adrian J F" uniqKey="Luty A" first="Adrian J. F." last="Luty">Adrian J. F. Luty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>, UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 75006 Paris, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Communautés d'Universités et Établissements, Sorbonne Paris Cité,<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascual, Mercedes" sort="Pascual, Mercedes" uniqKey="Pascual M" first="Mercedes" last="Pascual">Mercedes Pascual</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Department of Ecology and Evolution</institution>, University of Chicago, Chicago,<addr-line>IL</addr-line> 60637;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Santa Fe Institute</institution>, Santa Fe, NM 87501</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28461509</idno><idno type="pmc">5441825</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5441825</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5441825</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1613018114</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C13</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C13</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Evidence of strain structure in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum var</italic> gene repertoires in children from Gabon, West Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Day, Karen P" sort="Day, Karen P" uniqKey="Day K" first="Karen P." last="Day">Karen P. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences,<institution>The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Artzy Randrup, Yael" sort="Artzy Randrup, Yael" uniqKey="Artzy Randrup Y" first="Yael" last="Artzy-Randrup">Yael Artzy-Randrup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Theoretical Ecology Group, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics,<institution>University of Amsterdam</institution>, 1090 GE Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor,<addr-line>MI</addr-line> 48109;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiedje, Kathryn E" sort="Tiedje, Kathryn E" uniqKey="Tiedje K" first="Kathryn E." last="Tiedje">Kathryn E. Tiedje</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences,<institution>The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rougeron, Virginie" sort="Rougeron, Virginie" uniqKey="Rougeron V" first="Virginie" last="Rougeron">Virginie Rougeron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, UMR 224-5290 CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement–<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Donald S" sort="Chen, Donald S" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Donald S." last="Chen">Donald S. Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Medicine,<institution>New York Medical College</institution>, Valhalla,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10595;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rask, Thomas S" sort="Rask, Thomas S" uniqKey="Rask T" first="Thomas S." last="Rask">Thomas S. Rask</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences,<institution>The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rorick, Mary M" sort="Rorick, Mary M" uniqKey="Rorick M" first="Mary M." last="Rorick">Mary M. Rorick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor,<addr-line>MI</addr-line> 48109;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Department of Ecology and Evolution</institution>, University of Chicago, Chicago,<addr-line>IL</addr-line> 60637;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migot Nabias, Florence" sort="Migot Nabias, Florence" uniqKey="Migot Nabias F" first="Florence" last="Migot-Nabias">Florence Migot-Nabias</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>, UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 75006 Paris, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Communautés d'Universités et Établissements, Sorbonne Paris Cité,<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloron, Philippe" sort="Deloron, Philippe" uniqKey="Deloron P" first="Philippe" last="Deloron">Philippe Deloron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>, UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 75006 Paris, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Communautés d'Universités et Établissements, Sorbonne Paris Cité,<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luty, Adrian J F" sort="Luty, Adrian J F" uniqKey="Luty A" first="Adrian J. F." last="Luty">Adrian J. F. Luty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>, UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 75006 Paris, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Communautés d'Universités et Établissements, Sorbonne Paris Cité,<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascual, Mercedes" sort="Pascual, Mercedes" uniqKey="Pascual M" first="Mercedes" last="Pascual">Mercedes Pascual</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Department of Ecology and Evolution</institution>, University of Chicago, Chicago,<addr-line>IL</addr-line> 60637;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Santa Fe Institute</institution>, Santa Fe, NM 87501</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>This paper aims to discover how diverse malaria parasites are in children from an African village. DNA sequencing shows that they are highly diverse with respect to the genes encoding the surface coat. Indeed, every child has a malaria infection with a different set of these genes. Importantly, this paper shows by computational methods that the pattern of this diversity is not random but structured to enhance the parasites’ chance to evade host immunity and has implications for the success of malaria control programs.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28461509</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5441825</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201613018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1613018114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>PNAS Plus</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Biology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><series-title>PNAS Plus</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evidence of strain structure in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum var</italic> gene repertoires in children from Gabon, West Africa</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Strain structure of <italic>P. falciparum var</italic> genes</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6135</contrib-id><name><surname>Day</surname><given-names>Karen P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Artzy-Randrup</surname><given-names>Yael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tiedje</surname><given-names>Kathryn E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rougeron</surname><given-names>Virginie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Donald S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rask</surname><given-names>Thomas S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rorick</surname><given-names>Mary M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9982-594X</contrib-id><name><surname>Migot-Nabias</surname><given-names>Florence</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deloron</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luty</surname><given-names>Adrian J. F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pascual</surname><given-names>Mercedes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>School of Biosciences,<institution>The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Department of Microbiology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Theoretical Ecology Group, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics,<institution>University of Amsterdam</institution>, 1090 GE Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor,<addr-line>MI</addr-line> 48109;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, UMR 224-5290 CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement–<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>Department of Medicine,<institution>New York Medical College</institution>, Valhalla,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10595;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup><institution>Department of Ecology and Evolution</institution>, University of Chicago, Chicago,<addr-line>IL</addr-line> 60637;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup><institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>, UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 75006 Paris, France;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>i</sup>Communautés d'Universités et Établissements, Sorbonne Paris Cité,<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>j</sup><institution>Santa Fe Institute</institution>, Santa Fe, NM 87501</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: <email>karen.day@unimelb.edu.au</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Burton H. Singer, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and approved April 4, 2017 (received for review August 6, 2016)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: K.P.D., Y.A.-R., T.S.R., and M.P. designed research; Y.A.-R., K.E.T., V.R., D.S.C., T.S.R., F.M.-N., P.D., A.J.F.L., and M.P. performed research; K.P.D., Y.A.-R., K.E.T., D.S.C., T.S.R., M.M.R., and M.P. analyzed data; and K.P.D., Y.A.-R., K.E.T., D.S.C., T.S.R., and M.P. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>16</day><month>5</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>5</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>114</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>E4103</fpage><lpage>E4111</lpage><permissions></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="pnas.201613018.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>This paper aims to discover how diverse malaria parasites are in children from an African village. DNA sequencing shows that they are highly diverse with respect to the genes encoding the surface coat. Indeed, every child has a malaria infection with a different set of these genes. Importantly, this paper shows by computational methods that the pattern of this diversity is not random but structured to enhance the parasites’ chance to evade host immunity and has implications for the success of malaria control programs.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Existing theory on competition for hosts between pathogen strains has proposed that immune selection can lead to the maintenance of strain structure consisting of discrete, weakly overlapping antigenic repertoires. This prediction of strain theory has conceptual overlap with fundamental ideas in ecology on niche partitioning and limiting similarity between coexisting species in an ecosystem, which oppose the hypothesis of neutral coexistence. For <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>, strain theory has been specifically proposed in relation to the major surface antigen of the blood stage, known as <italic>Pf</italic>EMP1 and encoded by the multicopy multigene family known as the <italic>var</italic> genes. Deep sampling of the DBLα domain of <italic>var</italic> genes in the local population of Bakoumba, West Africa, was completed to define whether patterns of repertoire overlap support a role of immune selection under the opposing force of high outcrossing, a characteristic of areas of intense malaria transmission. Using a 454 high-throughput sequencing protocol, we report extremely high diversity of the DBLα domain and a large parasite population with DBLα repertoires structured into nonrandom patterns of overlap. Such population structure, significant for the high diversity of <italic>var</italic> genes that compose it at a local level, supports the existence of “strains” characterized by distinct <italic>var</italic> gene repertoires. Nonneutral, frequency-dependent competition would be at play and could underlie these patterns. With a computational experiment that simulates an intervention similar to mass drug administration, we argue that the observed repertoire structure matters for the antigenic <italic>var</italic> diversity of the parasite population remaining after intervention.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>var</italic> genes</kwd><kwd>parasite diversity</kwd><kwd>strain structure</kwd><kwd>Gabon</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group id="gs1"><funding-source id="sp1">HHS | NIH | Fogarty International Center (FIC)<named-content content-type="funder-id">100000061</named-content></funding-source><award-id rid="sp1">R01-TW009670</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs2"><funding-source id="sp2">Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID)<named-content content-type="funder-id">100006492</named-content></funding-source><award-id rid="sp2">R01-AI084156</award-id></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="9"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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