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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene</title><author><name sortKey="Lambeck, Kurt" sort="Lambeck, Kurt" uniqKey="Lambeck K" first="Kurt" last="Lambeck">Kurt Lambeck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Laboratoire de Géologie de l'École Normale Supérieure,<institution>UMR 8538 du CNRS</institution>, 75231 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rouby, Helene" sort="Rouby, Helene" uniqKey="Rouby H" first="Hélène" last="Rouby">Hélène Rouby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Laboratoire de Géologie de l'École Normale Supérieure,<institution>UMR 8538 du CNRS</institution>, 75231 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purcell, Anthony" sort="Purcell, Anthony" uniqKey="Purcell A" first="Anthony" last="Purcell">Anthony Purcell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Yiying" sort="Sun, Yiying" uniqKey="Sun Y" first="Yiying" last="Sun">Yiying Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sambridge, Malcolm" sort="Sambridge, Malcolm" uniqKey="Sambridge M" first="Malcolm" last="Sambridge">Malcolm Sambridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25313072</idno><idno type="pmc">4217469</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4217469</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4217469</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1411762111</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C01</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C01</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene</title><author><name sortKey="Lambeck, Kurt" sort="Lambeck, Kurt" uniqKey="Lambeck K" first="Kurt" last="Lambeck">Kurt Lambeck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Laboratoire de Géologie de l'École Normale Supérieure,<institution>UMR 8538 du CNRS</institution>, 75231 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rouby, Helene" sort="Rouby, Helene" uniqKey="Rouby H" first="Hélène" last="Rouby">Hélène Rouby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Laboratoire de Géologie de l'École Normale Supérieure,<institution>UMR 8538 du CNRS</institution>, 75231 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purcell, Anthony" sort="Purcell, Anthony" uniqKey="Purcell A" first="Anthony" last="Purcell">Anthony Purcell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Yiying" sort="Sun, Yiying" uniqKey="Sun Y" first="Yiying" last="Sun">Yiying Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sambridge, Malcolm" sort="Sambridge, Malcolm" uniqKey="Sambridge M" first="Malcolm" last="Sambridge">Malcolm Sambridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Several areas of earth science require knowledge of the fluctuations in sea level and ice volume through glacial cycles. These include understanding past ice sheets and providing boundary conditions for paleoclimate models, calibrating marine-sediment isotopic records, and providing the background signal for evaluating anthropogenic contributions to sea level. From ∼1,000 observations of sea level, allowing for isostatic and tectonic contributions, we have quantified the rise and fall in global ocean and ice volumes for the past 35,000 years. Of particular note is that during the ∼6,000 y up to the start of the recent rise ∼100−150 y ago, there is no evidence for global oscillations in sea level on time scales exceeding ∼200 y duration or 15−20 cm amplitude.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25313072</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4217469</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201411762</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1411762111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>1</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences</subject></subj-group></subj-group><series-title>Inaugural Article</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Sea level and ice volume since the glacial maximum</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lambeck</surname><given-names>Kurt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rouby</surname><given-names>Hélène</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Purcell</surname><given-names>Anthony</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Yiying</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sambridge</surname><given-names>Malcolm</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Laboratoire de Géologie de l'École Normale Supérieure,<institution>UMR 8538 du CNRS</institution>, 75231 Paris,<country>France</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: <email>kurt.lambeck@anu.edu.au</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2009.</p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Contributed by Kurt Lambeck, September 12, 2014 (sent for review July 1, 2014; reviewed by Edouard Bard, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Peter U. Clark)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: K.L. designed research; K.L., H.R., A.P., Y.S., and M.S. performed research; Y.S. contributed field data; K.L., H.R., A.P., Y.S., and M.S. analyzed data; K.L. and H.R. wrote the paper; and A.P. and M.S. developed software.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Reviewers: E.B., CEREGE; J.X.M., Harvard University; and P.U.C., Oregon State University.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>111</volume><issue>43</issue><fpage>15296</fpage><lpage>15303</lpage><permissions><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="pnas.201411762.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>Several areas of earth science require knowledge of the fluctuations in sea level and ice volume through glacial cycles. These include understanding past ice sheets and providing boundary conditions for paleoclimate models, calibrating marine-sediment isotopic records, and providing the background signal for evaluating anthropogenic contributions to sea level. From ∼1,000 observations of sea level, allowing for isostatic and tectonic contributions, we have quantified the rise and fall in global ocean and ice volumes for the past 35,000 years. Of particular note is that during the ∼6,000 y up to the start of the recent rise ∼100−150 y ago, there is no evidence for global oscillations in sea level on time scales exceeding ∼200 y duration or 15−20 cm amplitude.</p></abstract><abstract><p>The major cause of sea-level change during ice ages is the exchange of water between ice and ocean and the planet’s dynamic response to the changing surface load. Inversion of ∼1,000 observations for the past 35,000 y from localities far from former ice margins has provided new constraints on the fluctuation of ice volume in this interval. Key results are: (<italic>i</italic>) a rapid final fall in global sea level of ∼40 m in <2,000 y at the onset of the glacial maximum ∼30,000 y before present (30 ka BP); (<italic>ii</italic>) a slow fall to −134 m from 29 to 21 ka BP with a maximum grounded ice volume of ∼52 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>3</sup> greater than today; (<italic>iii</italic>) after an initial short duration rapid rise and a short interval of near-constant sea level, the main phase of deglaciation occurred from ∼16.5 ka BP to ∼8.2 ka BP at an average rate of rise of 12 m⋅ka<sup>−1</sup> punctuated by periods of greater, particularly at 14.5–14.0 ka BP at ≥40 mm⋅y<sup>−1</sup> (MWP-1A), and lesser, from 12.5 to 11.5 ka BP (Younger Dryas), rates; (<italic>iv</italic>) no evidence for a global MWP-1B event at ∼11.3 ka BP; and (<italic>v</italic>) a progressive decrease in the rate of rise from 8.2 ka to ∼2.5 ka BP, after which ocean volumes remained nearly constant until the renewed sea-level rise at 100–150 y ago, with no evidence of oscillations exceeding ∼15–20 cm in time intervals ≥200 y from 6 to 0.15 ka BP.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>sea level</kwd><kwd>ice volumes</kwd><kwd>Last Glacial Maximum</kwd><kwd>Holocene</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="8"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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