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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Continuity of mammalian fauna over the last 200,000 y in the Indian subcontinent</title><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Patrick" sort="Roberts, Patrick" uniqKey="Roberts P" first="Patrick" last="Roberts">Patrick Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delson, Eric" sort="Delson, Eric" uniqKey="Delson E" first="Eric" last="Delson">Eric Delson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Vertebrate Paleontology,<institution>American Museum of Natural History</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Anthropology,<institution>Lehman College, City University of New York</institution>, Bronx,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10468;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center,<institution>City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miracle, Preston" sort="Miracle, Preston" uniqKey="Miracle P" first="Preston" last="Miracle">Preston Miracle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Division of Archaeology,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3DZ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ditchfield, Peter" sort="Ditchfield, Peter" uniqKey="Ditchfield P" first="Peter" last="Ditchfield">Peter Ditchfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Richard G" sort="Roberts, Richard G" uniqKey="Roberts R" first="Richard G." last="Roberts">Richard G. Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Wollongong</institution>, Wollongong, NSW 2522,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Zenobia" sort="Jacobs, Zenobia" uniqKey="Jacobs Z" first="Zenobia" last="Jacobs">Zenobia Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Wollongong</institution>, Wollongong, NSW 2522,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blinkhorn, James" sort="Blinkhorn, James" uniqKey="Blinkhorn J" first="James" last="Blinkhorn">James Blinkhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Laboratoire de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie,<institution>Université Bordeaux 1</institution>, 33405 Talence Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciochon, Russell L" sort="Ciochon, Russell L" uniqKey="Ciochon R" first="Russell L." last="Ciochon">Russell L. Ciochon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural History,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fleagle, John G" sort="Fleagle, John G" uniqKey="Fleagle J" first="John G." last="Fleagle">John G. Fleagle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine,<institution>Stony Brook University</institution>, Stony Brook,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 11794-8081;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frost, Stephen R" sort="Frost, Stephen R" uniqKey="Frost S" first="Stephen R." last="Frost">Stephen R. Frost</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Anthropology,<institution>University of Oregon</institution>, Eugene,<addr-line>OR</addr-line> 97132-1218;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Christopher C" sort="Gilbert, Christopher C" uniqKey="Gilbert C" first="Christopher C." last="Gilbert">Christopher C. Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center,<institution>City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Anthropology,<institution>Hunter College, City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10065;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunnell, Gregg F" sort="Gunnell, Gregg F" uniqKey="Gunnell G" first="Gregg F." last="Gunnell">Gregg F. Gunnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center,<institution>City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Fossil Primates,<institution>Duke Lemur Center</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27705;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, Terry" sort="Harrison, Terry" uniqKey="Harrison T" first="Terry" last="Harrison">Terry Harrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10003;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korisettar, Ravi" sort="Korisettar, Ravi" uniqKey="Korisettar R" first="Ravi" last="Korisettar">Ravi Korisettar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff15">Dr. DC Pavate Chair for Art and Archaeology,<institution>Karnatak University</institution>, Dharwad 580 003,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petraglia, Michael D" sort="Petraglia, Michael D" uniqKey="Petraglia M" first="Michael D." last="Petraglia">Michael D. Petraglia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Human Origins Program,<institution>Smithsonian Institution</institution>, Washington,<addr-line>DC</addr-line> 20560</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24711426</idno><idno type="pmc">4000863</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4000863</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4000863</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1323465111</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B93</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B93</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Continuity of mammalian fauna over the last 200,000 y in the Indian subcontinent</title><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Patrick" sort="Roberts, Patrick" uniqKey="Roberts P" first="Patrick" last="Roberts">Patrick Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delson, Eric" sort="Delson, Eric" uniqKey="Delson E" first="Eric" last="Delson">Eric Delson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Vertebrate Paleontology,<institution>American Museum of Natural History</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Anthropology,<institution>Lehman College, City University of New York</institution>, Bronx,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10468;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center,<institution>City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miracle, Preston" sort="Miracle, Preston" uniqKey="Miracle P" first="Preston" last="Miracle">Preston Miracle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Division of Archaeology,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3DZ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ditchfield, Peter" sort="Ditchfield, Peter" uniqKey="Ditchfield P" first="Peter" last="Ditchfield">Peter Ditchfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Richard G" sort="Roberts, Richard G" uniqKey="Roberts R" first="Richard G." last="Roberts">Richard G. Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Wollongong</institution>, Wollongong, NSW 2522,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Zenobia" sort="Jacobs, Zenobia" uniqKey="Jacobs Z" first="Zenobia" last="Jacobs">Zenobia Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Wollongong</institution>, Wollongong, NSW 2522,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blinkhorn, James" sort="Blinkhorn, James" uniqKey="Blinkhorn J" first="James" last="Blinkhorn">James Blinkhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Laboratoire de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie,<institution>Université Bordeaux 1</institution>, 33405 Talence Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciochon, Russell L" sort="Ciochon, Russell L" uniqKey="Ciochon R" first="Russell L." last="Ciochon">Russell L. Ciochon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural History,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fleagle, John G" sort="Fleagle, John G" uniqKey="Fleagle J" first="John G." last="Fleagle">John G. Fleagle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine,<institution>Stony Brook University</institution>, Stony Brook,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 11794-8081;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frost, Stephen R" sort="Frost, Stephen R" uniqKey="Frost S" first="Stephen R." last="Frost">Stephen R. Frost</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Anthropology,<institution>University of Oregon</institution>, Eugene,<addr-line>OR</addr-line> 97132-1218;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Christopher C" sort="Gilbert, Christopher C" uniqKey="Gilbert C" first="Christopher C." last="Gilbert">Christopher C. Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center,<institution>City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Anthropology,<institution>Hunter College, City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10065;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunnell, Gregg F" sort="Gunnell, Gregg F" uniqKey="Gunnell G" first="Gregg F." last="Gunnell">Gregg F. Gunnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center,<institution>City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Fossil Primates,<institution>Duke Lemur Center</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27705;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, Terry" sort="Harrison, Terry" uniqKey="Harrison T" first="Terry" last="Harrison">Terry Harrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10003;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korisettar, Ravi" sort="Korisettar, Ravi" uniqKey="Korisettar R" first="Ravi" last="Korisettar">Ravi Korisettar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff15">Dr. DC Pavate Chair for Art and Archaeology,<institution>Karnatak University</institution>, Dharwad 580 003,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petraglia, Michael D" sort="Petraglia, Michael D" uniqKey="Petraglia M" first="Michael D." last="Petraglia">Michael D. Petraglia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Human Origins Program,<institution>Smithsonian Institution</institution>, Washington,<addr-line>DC</addr-line> 20560</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Mammalian extinction during the past several hundred thousand years has been a major focus for evolutionary biologists, geologists, and archaeologists, often being linked to climate change and human overhunting. Until relatively recently, study has been largely restricted to the Americas, Europe, and Australasia. We present the oldest well-dated sequence of mammalian faunas for the Indian subcontinent, demonstrating continuity of 20 of 21 identified mammals from at least 100,000 y ago to the present. We suggest that, although local extirpations occurred, the majority of taxa survived or adapted to substantial ecological pressures in fragmented habitats. These results complement data from Africa and elsewhere that demonstrate the necessity of a nuanced ecological understanding of such extinctions in different areas of the world.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24711426</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4000863</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201323465</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1323465111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Continuity of mammalian fauna over the last 200,000 y in the Indian subcontinent</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Continuity of Indian Pleistocene mammalian fauna</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roberts</surname><given-names>Patrick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Delson</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miracle</surname><given-names>Preston</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ditchfield</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roberts</surname><given-names>Richard G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>Zenobia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blinkhorn</surname><given-names>James</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ciochon</surname><given-names>Russell L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fleagle</surname><given-names>John G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frost</surname><given-names>Stephen R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>k</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gilbert</surname><given-names>Christopher C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gunnell</surname><given-names>Gregg F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>m</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harrison</surname><given-names>Terry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Korisettar</surname><given-names>Ravi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Petraglia</surname><given-names>Michael D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Department of Vertebrate Paleontology,<institution>American Museum of Natural History</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Department of Anthropology,<institution>Lehman College, City University of New York</institution>, Bronx,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10468;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center,<institution>City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10016;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup><institution>New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10024;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>Division of Archaeology,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3DZ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup>Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Wollongong</institution>, Wollongong, NSW 2522,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup>Laboratoire de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie,<institution>Université Bordeaux 1</institution>, 33405 Talence Cedex,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>i</sup>Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural History,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>j</sup>Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine,<institution>Stony Brook University</institution>, Stony Brook,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 11794-8081;</aff><aff id="aff11"><sup>k</sup>Department of Anthropology,<institution>University of Oregon</institution>, Eugene,<addr-line>OR</addr-line> 97132-1218;</aff><aff id="aff12"><sup>l</sup>Department of Anthropology,<institution>Hunter College, City University of New York</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10065;</aff><aff id="aff13"><sup>m</sup>Division of Fossil Primates,<institution>Duke Lemur Center</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27705;</aff><aff id="aff14"><sup>n</sup>Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology,<institution>New York University</institution>, New York,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 10003;</aff><aff id="aff15"><sup>o</sup>Dr. DC Pavate Chair for Art and Archaeology,<institution>Karnatak University</institution>, Dharwad 580 003,<country>India</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff16"><sup>p</sup>Human Origins Program,<institution>Smithsonian Institution</institution>, Washington,<addr-line>DC</addr-line> 20560</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>michael.petraglia@rlaha.ox.ac.uk</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Ofer Bar-Yosef, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved March 19, 2014 (received for review December 20, 2013)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: P.R. and M.D.P. designed research; E.D., P.M., P.D., R.G.R., Z.J., R.L.C., J.G.F., S.R.F., C.C.G., G.F.G., and T.H. performed research; P.R., P.D., and R.G.R. analyzed data; and P.R., E.D., P.M., P.D., R.G.R., Z.J., J.B., R.L.C., J.G.F., S.R.F., C.C.G., G.F.G., T.H., R.K., and M.D.P. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>22</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>16</issue><fpage>5848</fpage><lpage>5853</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201323465.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>Mammalian extinction during the past several hundred thousand years has been a major focus for evolutionary biologists, geologists, and archaeologists, often being linked to climate change and human overhunting. Until relatively recently, study has been largely restricted to the Americas, Europe, and Australasia. We present the oldest well-dated sequence of mammalian faunas for the Indian subcontinent, demonstrating continuity of 20 of 21 identified mammals from at least 100,000 y ago to the present. We suggest that, although local extirpations occurred, the majority of taxa survived or adapted to substantial ecological pressures in fragmented habitats. These results complement data from Africa and elsewhere that demonstrate the necessity of a nuanced ecological understanding of such extinctions in different areas of the world.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Mammalian extinction worldwide during the Late Pleistocene has been a major focus for Quaternary biochronology and paleoecology. These extinctions have been variably attributed to the impacts of climate change and human interference. However, until relatively recently, research has been largely restricted to the Americas, Europe, and Australasia. We present the oldest Middle–Late Pleistocene stratified and numerically dated faunal succession for the Indian subcontinent from the Billasurgam cave complex. Our data demonstrate continuity of 20 of 21 identified mammalian taxa from at least 100,000 y ago to the present, and in some cases up to 200,000 y ago. Comparison of this fossil record to contemporary faunal ranges indicates some geographical redistribution of mammalian taxa within India. We suggest that, although local extirpations occurred, the majority of taxa survived or adapted to substantial ecological pressures in fragmented habitats. Comparison of the Indian record with faunal records from Southeast and Southwest Asia demonstrates the importance of interconnected mosaic habitats to long-term faunal persistence across the Asian tropics. The data presented here have implications for mammalian conservation in India today, where increasing ecological circumscription may leave certain taxa increasingly endangered in the most densely populated region of the world.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Kurnool</kwd><kwd>fossil mammals</kwd><kwd>OSL dating</kwd><kwd>Theropithecus</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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