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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Variations in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rates coupled with tropical temperature</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Weile" sort="Wang, Weile" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Weile" last="Wang">Weile Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay</institution>, Seaside,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 93955;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Biospheric Science Branch,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center</institution>, Moffett Field,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciais, Philippe" sort="Ciais, Philippe" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="Philippe" last="Ciais">Philippe Ciais</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement</institution>, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nemani, Ramakrishna R" sort="Nemani, Ramakrishna R" uniqKey="Nemani R" first="Ramakrishna R." last="Nemani">Ramakrishna R. Nemani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Advanced Supercomputing Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canadell, Josep G" sort="Canadell, Josep G" uniqKey="Canadell J" first="Josep G." last="Canadell">Josep G. Canadell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Global Carbon Project,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine and Atmospheric Research</institution>, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piao, Shilong" sort="Piao, Shilong" uniqKey="Piao S" first="Shilong" last="Piao">Shilong Piao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Ecology,<institution>Peking University</institution>, Beijing 100871,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sitch, Stephen" sort="Sitch, Stephen" uniqKey="Sitch S" first="Stephen" last="Sitch">Stephen Sitch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Geography,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>, Exeter EX4 4RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Michael A" sort="White, Michael A" uniqKey="White M" first="Michael A." last="White">Michael A. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff9">Department of Watershed Sciences,<institution>Utah State University</institution>, Logan,<addr-line>UT</addr-line> 84322</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, Hirofumi" sort="Hashimoto, Hirofumi" uniqKey="Hashimoto H" first="Hirofumi" last="Hashimoto">Hirofumi Hashimoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay</institution>, Seaside,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 93955;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Biospheric Science Branch,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center</institution>, Moffett Field,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milesi, Cristina" sort="Milesi, Cristina" uniqKey="Milesi C" first="Cristina" last="Milesi">Cristina Milesi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay</institution>, Seaside,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 93955;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Biospheric Science Branch,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center</institution>, Moffett Field,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Myneni, Ranga B" sort="Myneni, Ranga B" uniqKey="Myneni R" first="Ranga B." last="Myneni">Ranga B. Myneni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Earth and Environment,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23884654</idno><idno type="pmc">3740858</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740858</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3740858</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1219683110</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B86</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B86</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Variations in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rates coupled with tropical temperature</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Weile" sort="Wang, Weile" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Weile" last="Wang">Weile Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay</institution>, Seaside,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 93955;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Biospheric Science Branch,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center</institution>, Moffett Field,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciais, Philippe" sort="Ciais, Philippe" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="Philippe" last="Ciais">Philippe Ciais</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement</institution>, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nemani, Ramakrishna R" sort="Nemani, Ramakrishna R" uniqKey="Nemani R" first="Ramakrishna R." last="Nemani">Ramakrishna R. Nemani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Advanced Supercomputing Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canadell, Josep G" sort="Canadell, Josep G" uniqKey="Canadell J" first="Josep G." last="Canadell">Josep G. Canadell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Global Carbon Project,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine and Atmospheric Research</institution>, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piao, Shilong" sort="Piao, Shilong" uniqKey="Piao S" first="Shilong" last="Piao">Shilong Piao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Ecology,<institution>Peking University</institution>, Beijing 100871,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sitch, Stephen" sort="Sitch, Stephen" uniqKey="Sitch S" first="Stephen" last="Sitch">Stephen Sitch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Geography,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>, Exeter EX4 4RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Michael A" sort="White, Michael A" uniqKey="White M" first="Michael A." last="White">Michael A. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff9">Department of Watershed Sciences,<institution>Utah State University</institution>, Logan,<addr-line>UT</addr-line> 84322</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, Hirofumi" sort="Hashimoto, Hirofumi" uniqKey="Hashimoto H" first="Hirofumi" last="Hashimoto">Hirofumi Hashimoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay</institution>, Seaside,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 93955;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Biospheric Science Branch,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center</institution>, Moffett Field,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milesi, Cristina" sort="Milesi, Cristina" uniqKey="Milesi C" first="Cristina" last="Milesi">Cristina Milesi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay</institution>, Seaside,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 93955;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Biospheric Science Branch,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center</institution>, Moffett Field,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94035;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Myneni, Ranga B" sort="Myneni, Ranga B" uniqKey="Myneni R" first="Ranga B." last="Myneni">Ranga B. Myneni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Earth and Environment,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Previous studies have highlighted the occurrence and intensity of El Niño–Southern Oscillation as important drivers of the interannual variability of the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate, but the underlying biogeophysical mechanisms governing such connections remain unclear. Here we show a strong and persistent coupling (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.50) between interannual variations of the CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate and tropical land–surface air temperature during 1959 to 2011, with a 1 °C tropical temperature anomaly leading to a 3.5 ± 0.6 Petagrams of carbon per year (PgC/y) CO<sub>2</sub> growth-rate anomaly on average. Analysis of simulation results from Dynamic Global Vegetation Models suggests that this temperature–CO<sub>2</sub> coupling is contributed mainly by the additive responses of heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and net primary production (NPP) to temperature variations in tropical ecosystems. However, we find a weaker and less consistent (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.25) interannual coupling between CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate and tropical land precipitation than diagnosed from the Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, likely resulting from the subtractive responses of tropical Rh and NPP to precipitation anomalies that partly offset each other in the net ecosystem exchange (i.e., net ecosystem exchange ≈ Rh − NPP). Variations in other climate variables (e.g., large-scale cloudiness) and natural disturbances (e.g., volcanic eruptions) may induce transient reductions in the temperature–CO<sub>2</sub> coupling, but the relationship is robust during the past 50 y and shows full recovery within a few years after any such major variability event. Therefore, it provides an important diagnostic tool for improved understanding of the contemporary and future global carbon cycle.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23884654</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3740858</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201219683</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1219683110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Variations in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rates coupled with tropical temperature</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">CO<sub>2</sub> growth-rate variation coupled with temperature</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Weile</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ciais</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nemani</surname><given-names>Ramakrishna R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Canadell</surname><given-names>Josep G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piao</surname><given-names>Shilong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sitch</surname><given-names>Stephen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hashimoto</surname><given-names>Hirofumi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milesi</surname><given-names>Cristina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Myneni</surname><given-names>Ranga B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup><institution>Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay</institution>, Seaside,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 93955;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Biospheric Science Branch,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center</institution>, Moffett Field,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94035;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup><institution>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement</institution>, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Advanced Supercomputing Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Global Carbon Project,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine and Atmospheric Research</institution>, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>Department of Ecology,<institution>Peking University</institution>, Beijing 100871,<country>China</country>;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup>Department of Geography,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>, Exeter EX4 4RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup>Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>i</sup>Department of Watershed Sciences,<institution>Utah State University</institution>, Logan,<addr-line>UT</addr-line> 84322; and</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>j</sup>Department of Earth and Environment,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>weile.wang@nasa.gov</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Robert E. Dickinson, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved June 26, 2013 (received for review November 13, 2012)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: W.W., P.C., and R.R.N. designed research; W.W. performed research; W.W., H.H., and C.M. analyzed data; and W.W., P.C., R.R.N., J.G.C., S.P., S.S., M.A.W., H.H., C.M., and R.B.M. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>6</day><month>8</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>7</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>110</volume><issue>32</issue><fpage>13061</fpage><lpage>13066</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201219683.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Previous studies have highlighted the occurrence and intensity of El Niño–Southern Oscillation as important drivers of the interannual variability of the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate, but the underlying biogeophysical mechanisms governing such connections remain unclear. Here we show a strong and persistent coupling (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.50) between interannual variations of the CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate and tropical land–surface air temperature during 1959 to 2011, with a 1 °C tropical temperature anomaly leading to a 3.5 ± 0.6 Petagrams of carbon per year (PgC/y) CO<sub>2</sub> growth-rate anomaly on average. Analysis of simulation results from Dynamic Global Vegetation Models suggests that this temperature–CO<sub>2</sub> coupling is contributed mainly by the additive responses of heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and net primary production (NPP) to temperature variations in tropical ecosystems. However, we find a weaker and less consistent (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.25) interannual coupling between CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate and tropical land precipitation than diagnosed from the Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, likely resulting from the subtractive responses of tropical Rh and NPP to precipitation anomalies that partly offset each other in the net ecosystem exchange (i.e., net ecosystem exchange ≈ Rh − NPP). Variations in other climate variables (e.g., large-scale cloudiness) and natural disturbances (e.g., volcanic eruptions) may induce transient reductions in the temperature–CO<sub>2</sub> coupling, but the relationship is robust during the past 50 y and shows full recovery within a few years after any such major variability event. Therefore, it provides an important diagnostic tool for improved understanding of the contemporary and future global carbon cycle.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>climate–carbon cycle coupling</kwd><kwd>tropical land surface temperature</kwd><kwd>global dynamic vegetation model</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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