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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Atypical lipid composition in the purified relict plastid (apicoplast) of malaria parasites</title><author><name sortKey="Botte, Cyrille Y" sort="Botte, Cyrille Y" uniqKey="Botte C" first="Cyrille Y." last="Botté">Cyrille Y. Botté</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National des Recherches Agronomiques (INRA), Université Grenoble I, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences du Vivant (iRTSV),<institution>CEA Grenoble</institution>, 38054 Grenoble,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogenie des Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Grenoble I, 38700 La Tronche,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamaryo Botte, Yoshiki" sort="Yamaryo Botte, Yoshiki" uniqKey="Yamaryo Botte Y" first="Yoshiki" last="Yamaryo-Botté">Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology,<institution>Monash University</institution>, Clayton, VIC 3800,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupasinghe, Thusitha W T" sort="Rupasinghe, Thusitha W T" uniqKey="Rupasinghe T" first="Thusitha W. T." last="Rupasinghe">Thusitha W. T. Rupasinghe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mullin, Kylie A" sort="Mullin, Kylie A" uniqKey="Mullin K" first="Kylie A." last="Mullin">Kylie A. Mullin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macrae, James I" sort="Macrae, James I" uniqKey="Macrae J" first="James I." last="Macrae">James I. Macrae</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spurck, Timothy P" sort="Spurck, Timothy P" uniqKey="Spurck T" first="Timothy P." last="Spurck">Timothy P. Spurck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalanon, Ming" sort="Kalanon, Ming" uniqKey="Kalanon M" first="Ming" last="Kalanon">Ming Kalanon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shears, Melanie J" sort="Shears, Melanie J" uniqKey="Shears M" first="Melanie J." last="Shears">Melanie J. Shears</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coppel, Ross L" sort="Coppel, Ross L" uniqKey="Coppel R" first="Ross L." last="Coppel">Ross L. Coppel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology,<institution>Monash University</institution>, Clayton, VIC 3800,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crellin, Paul K" sort="Crellin, Paul K" uniqKey="Crellin P" first="Paul K." last="Crellin">Paul K. Crellin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology,<institution>Monash University</institution>, Clayton, VIC 3800,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marechal, Eric" sort="Marechal, Eric" uniqKey="Marechal E" first="Eric" last="Maréchal">Eric Maréchal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National des Recherches Agronomiques (INRA), Université Grenoble I, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences du Vivant (iRTSV),<institution>CEA Grenoble</institution>, 38054 Grenoble,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcconville, Malcolm J" sort="Mcconville, Malcolm J" uniqKey="Mcconville M" first="Malcolm J." last="Mcconville">Malcolm J. Mcconville</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfadden, Geoffrey I" sort="Mcfadden, Geoffrey I" uniqKey="Mcfadden G" first="Geoffrey I." last="Mcfadden">Geoffrey I. Mcfadden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23589867</idno><idno type="pmc">3645554</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3645554</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3645554</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1301251110</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B81</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B81</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Atypical lipid composition in the purified relict plastid (apicoplast) of malaria parasites</title><author><name sortKey="Botte, Cyrille Y" sort="Botte, Cyrille Y" uniqKey="Botte C" first="Cyrille Y." last="Botté">Cyrille Y. Botté</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National des Recherches Agronomiques (INRA), Université Grenoble I, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences du Vivant (iRTSV),<institution>CEA Grenoble</institution>, 38054 Grenoble,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogenie des Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Grenoble I, 38700 La Tronche,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamaryo Botte, Yoshiki" sort="Yamaryo Botte, Yoshiki" uniqKey="Yamaryo Botte Y" first="Yoshiki" last="Yamaryo-Botté">Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology,<institution>Monash University</institution>, Clayton, VIC 3800,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupasinghe, Thusitha W T" sort="Rupasinghe, Thusitha W T" uniqKey="Rupasinghe T" first="Thusitha W. T." last="Rupasinghe">Thusitha W. T. Rupasinghe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mullin, Kylie A" sort="Mullin, Kylie A" uniqKey="Mullin K" first="Kylie A." last="Mullin">Kylie A. Mullin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macrae, James I" sort="Macrae, James I" uniqKey="Macrae J" first="James I." last="Macrae">James I. Macrae</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spurck, Timothy P" sort="Spurck, Timothy P" uniqKey="Spurck T" first="Timothy P." last="Spurck">Timothy P. Spurck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalanon, Ming" sort="Kalanon, Ming" uniqKey="Kalanon M" first="Ming" last="Kalanon">Ming Kalanon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shears, Melanie J" sort="Shears, Melanie J" uniqKey="Shears M" first="Melanie J." last="Shears">Melanie J. Shears</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coppel, Ross L" sort="Coppel, Ross L" uniqKey="Coppel R" first="Ross L." last="Coppel">Ross L. Coppel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology,<institution>Monash University</institution>, Clayton, VIC 3800,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crellin, Paul K" sort="Crellin, Paul K" uniqKey="Crellin P" first="Paul K." last="Crellin">Paul K. Crellin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Microbiology,<institution>Monash University</institution>, Clayton, VIC 3800,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marechal, Eric" sort="Marechal, Eric" uniqKey="Marechal E" first="Eric" last="Maréchal">Eric Maréchal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National des Recherches Agronomiques (INRA), Université Grenoble I, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences du Vivant (iRTSV),<institution>CEA Grenoble</institution>, 38054 Grenoble,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcconville, Malcolm J" sort="Mcconville, Malcolm J" uniqKey="Mcconville M" first="Malcolm J." last="Mcconville">Malcolm J. Mcconville</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfadden, Geoffrey I" sort="Mcfadden, Geoffrey I" uniqKey="Mcfadden G" first="Geoffrey I." last="Mcfadden">Geoffrey I. Mcfadden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The human malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> harbors a relict, nonphotosynthetic plastid of algal origin termed the apicoplast. Although considerable progress has been made in defining the metabolic functions of the apicoplast, information on the composition and biogenesis of the four delimiting membranes of this organelle is limited. Here, we report an efficient method for preparing highly purified apicoplasts from red blood cell parasite stages and the comprehensive lipidomic analysis of this organelle. Apicoplasts were prepared from transgenic parasites expressing an epitope-tagged triosephosphate transporter and immunopurified on magnetic beads. Gas and liquid chromatography MS analyses of isolated apicoplast lipids indicated significant differences compared with total parasite lipids. In particular, apicoplasts were highly enriched in phosphatidylinositol, consistent with a suggested role for phosphoinositides in targeting membrane vesicles to apicoplasts. Apicoplast phosphatidylinositol and other phospholipids were also enriched in saturated fatty acids, which could reflect limited acyl exchange with other membrane phospholipids and/or a requirement for specific physical properties. Lipids atypical for plastids (sphingomyelins, ceramides, and cholesterol) were detected in apicoplasts. The presence of cholesterol in apicoplast membranes was supported by filipin staining of isolated apicoplasts. Galactoglycerolipids, dominant in plant and algal plastids, were not detected in <italic>P. falciparum</italic> apicoplasts, suggesting that these glycolipids are a hallmark of photosynthetic plastids and were lost when these organisms assumed a parasitic lifestyle. Apicoplasts thus contain an atypical melange of lipids scavenged from the human host alongside lipids remodeled by the parasite cytoplasm, and stable isotope labeling shows some apicoplast lipids are generated de novo by the organelle itself.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23589867</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3645554</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201301251</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1301251110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant Biology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Atypical lipid composition in the purified relict plastid (apicoplast) of malaria parasites</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Lipidomic analysis of purified apicoplast</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Botté</surname><given-names>Cyrille Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yamaryo-Botté</surname><given-names>Yoshiki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rupasinghe</surname><given-names>Thusitha W. T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mullin</surname><given-names>Kylie A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>MacRae</surname><given-names>James I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spurck</surname><given-names>Timothy P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalanon</surname><given-names>Ming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shears</surname><given-names>Melanie J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Coppel</surname><given-names>Ross L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crellin</surname><given-names>Paul K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maréchal</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McConville</surname><given-names>Malcolm J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McFadden</surname><given-names>Geoffrey I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>School of Botany,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3010,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National des Recherches Agronomiques (INRA), Université Grenoble I, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences du Vivant (iRTSV),<institution>CEA Grenoble</institution>, 38054 Grenoble,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogenie des Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Grenoble I, 38700 La Tronche,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Department of Microbiology,<institution>Monash University</institution>, Clayton, VIC 3800,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, VIC 3052,<country>Australia</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence may be addressed: E-mail: <email>cyrille.botte@gmail.com</email>, <email>malcolmm@unimelb.edu.au</email>, or <email>gim@unimelb.edu.au</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Paul T. Englund, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, and approved March 8, 2013 (received for review January 22, 2013)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: C.Y.B., Y.Y.-B., K.A.M., J.I.M., and G.I.M. designed research; C.Y.B., Y.Y.-B., T.W.T.R., K.A.M., J.I.M., T.P.S., M.K., and M.J.S. performed research; C.Y.B., Y.Y.-B., R.L.C., and P.K.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.Y.B., Y.Y.-B., T.W.T.R., J.I.M., M.K., E.M., M.J.M., and G.I.M. analyzed data; and C.Y.B., Y.Y.-B., M.J.M., and G.I.M. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn id="fn1" fn-type="equal"><p><sup>2</sup>M.J.M. and G.I.M. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>30</day><month>4</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>4</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>110</volume><issue>18</issue><fpage>7506</fpage><lpage>7511</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201301251.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>The human malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> harbors a relict, nonphotosynthetic plastid of algal origin termed the apicoplast. Although considerable progress has been made in defining the metabolic functions of the apicoplast, information on the composition and biogenesis of the four delimiting membranes of this organelle is limited. Here, we report an efficient method for preparing highly purified apicoplasts from red blood cell parasite stages and the comprehensive lipidomic analysis of this organelle. Apicoplasts were prepared from transgenic parasites expressing an epitope-tagged triosephosphate transporter and immunopurified on magnetic beads. Gas and liquid chromatography MS analyses of isolated apicoplast lipids indicated significant differences compared with total parasite lipids. In particular, apicoplasts were highly enriched in phosphatidylinositol, consistent with a suggested role for phosphoinositides in targeting membrane vesicles to apicoplasts. Apicoplast phosphatidylinositol and other phospholipids were also enriched in saturated fatty acids, which could reflect limited acyl exchange with other membrane phospholipids and/or a requirement for specific physical properties. Lipids atypical for plastids (sphingomyelins, ceramides, and cholesterol) were detected in apicoplasts. The presence of cholesterol in apicoplast membranes was supported by filipin staining of isolated apicoplasts. Galactoglycerolipids, dominant in plant and algal plastids, were not detected in <italic>P. falciparum</italic> apicoplasts, suggesting that these glycolipids are a hallmark of photosynthetic plastids and were lost when these organisms assumed a parasitic lifestyle. Apicoplasts thus contain an atypical melange of lipids scavenged from the human host alongside lipids remodeled by the parasite cytoplasm, and stable isotope labeling shows some apicoplast lipids are generated de novo by the organelle itself.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>chloroplast</kwd><kwd>Apicomplexa</kwd><kwd>endosymbiosis</kwd><kwd>lipidome</kwd><kwd>FASII</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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