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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences</title><author><name sortKey="Mcfall Ngai, Margaret" sort="Mcfall Ngai, Margaret" uniqKey="Mcfall Ngai M" first="Margaret" last="Mcfall-Ngai">Margaret Mcfall-Ngai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadfield, Michael G" sort="Hadfield, Michael G" uniqKey="Hadfield M" first="Michael G." last="Hadfield">Michael G. Hadfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Kewalo Marine Laboratory,<institution>University of Hawaii</institution>, Honolulu,<addr-line>HI</addr-line> 96813;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bosch, Thomas C G" sort="Bosch, Thomas C G" uniqKey="Bosch T" first="Thomas C. G." last="Bosch">Thomas C. G. Bosch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Zoological Institute,<institution>Christian-Albrechts-University</institution>, D-24098 Kiel,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carey, Hannah V" sort="Carey, Hannah V" uniqKey="Carey H" first="Hannah V." last="Carey">Hannah V. Carey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Comparative Biosciences,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Domazet Loso, Tomislav" sort="Domazet Loso, Tomislav" uniqKey="Domazet Loso T" first="Tomislav" last="Domazet-Lošo">Tomislav Domazet-Lošo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Ruđer Bošković</institution> Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb,<country>Croatia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douglas, Angela E" sort="Douglas, Angela E" uniqKey="Douglas A" first="Angela E." last="Douglas">Angela E. Douglas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,<institution>Cornell University</institution>, Ithaca, NY 14853;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubilier, Nicole" sort="Dubilier, Nicole" uniqKey="Dubilier N" first="Nicole" last="Dubilier">Nicole Dubilier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology</institution>, Symbiosis Group, D-28359 Bremen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eberl, Gerard" sort="Eberl, Gerard" uniqKey="Eberl G" first="Gerard" last="Eberl">Gerard Eberl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Lymphoid Tissue Development Unit,<institution>Institut Pasteur</institution>, 75724 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukami, Tadashi" sort="Fukami, Tadashi" uniqKey="Fukami T" first="Tadashi" last="Fukami">Tadashi Fukami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Biology,<institution>Stanford University</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Scott F" sort="Gilbert, Scott F" uniqKey="Gilbert S" first="Scott F." last="Gilbert">Scott F. Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24">Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hentschel, Ute" sort="Hentschel, Ute" uniqKey="Hentschel U" first="Ute" last="Hentschel">Ute Hentschel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Julius-von-Sachs Institute,<institution>University of Wuerzburg</institution>, D-97082 Wuezburg,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, Nicole" sort="King, Nicole" uniqKey="King N" first="Nicole" last="King">Nicole King</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Molecular and Cell Biology,<institution>University of California</institution>, Berkeley,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94720;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kjelleberg, Staffan" sort="Kjelleberg, Staffan" uniqKey="Kjelleberg S" first="Staffan" last="Kjelleberg">Staffan Kjelleberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, and Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knoll, Andrew H" sort="Knoll, Andrew H" uniqKey="Knoll A" first="Andrew H." last="Knoll">Andrew H. Knoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Botanical Museum,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kremer, Natacha" sort="Kremer, Natacha" uniqKey="Kremer N" first="Natacha" last="Kremer">Natacha Kremer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazmanian, Sarkis K" sort="Mazmanian, Sarkis K" uniqKey="Mazmanian S" first="Sarkis K." last="Mazmanian">Sarkis K. Mazmanian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Division of Biology,<institution>California Institute of Technology</institution>, Pasadena<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 91125;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metcalf, Jessica L" sort="Metcalf, Jessica L" uniqKey="Metcalf J" first="Jessica L." last="Metcalf">Jessica L. Metcalf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Biofrontiers Institute,<institution>University of Colorado</institution>, Boulder<addr-line>CO</addr-line> 80309;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nealson, Kenneth" sort="Nealson, Kenneth" uniqKey="Nealson K" first="Kenneth" last="Nealson">Kenneth Nealson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 90089;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierce, Naomi E" sort="Pierce, Naomi E" uniqKey="Pierce N" first="Naomi E." last="Pierce">Naomi E. Pierce</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawls, John F" sort="Rawls, John F" uniqKey="Rawls J" first="John F." last="Rawls">John F. Rawls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19">Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Ann" sort="Reid, Ann" uniqKey="Reid A" first="Ann" last="Reid">Ann Reid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>American Academy of Microbiology</institution>, Washington,<addr-line>DC</addr-line> 20036;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruby, Edward G" sort="Ruby, Edward G" uniqKey="Ruby E" first="Edward G." last="Ruby">Edward G. Ruby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rumpho, Mary" sort="Rumpho, Mary" uniqKey="Rumpho M" first="Mary" last="Rumpho">Mary Rumpho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, Jon G" sort="Sanders, Jon G" uniqKey="Sanders J" first="Jon G." last="Sanders">Jon G. Sanders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tautz, Diethard" sort="Tautz, Diethard" uniqKey="Tautz D" first="Diethard" last="Tautz">Diethard Tautz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff22"><institution>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology</institution>, D-24306 Plön,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wernegreen, Jennifer J" sort="Wernegreen, Jennifer J" uniqKey="Wernegreen J" first="Jennifer J." last="Wernegreen">Jennifer J. Wernegreen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23">Nicholas School and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy,<institution>Duke University</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27708</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23391737</idno><idno type="pmc">3587249</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587249</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3587249</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1218525110</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B79</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B79</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences</title><author><name sortKey="Mcfall Ngai, Margaret" sort="Mcfall Ngai, Margaret" uniqKey="Mcfall Ngai M" first="Margaret" last="Mcfall-Ngai">Margaret Mcfall-Ngai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadfield, Michael G" sort="Hadfield, Michael G" uniqKey="Hadfield M" first="Michael G." last="Hadfield">Michael G. Hadfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Kewalo Marine Laboratory,<institution>University of Hawaii</institution>, Honolulu,<addr-line>HI</addr-line> 96813;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bosch, Thomas C G" sort="Bosch, Thomas C G" uniqKey="Bosch T" first="Thomas C. G." last="Bosch">Thomas C. G. Bosch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Zoological Institute,<institution>Christian-Albrechts-University</institution>, D-24098 Kiel,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carey, Hannah V" sort="Carey, Hannah V" uniqKey="Carey H" first="Hannah V." last="Carey">Hannah V. Carey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Comparative Biosciences,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Domazet Loso, Tomislav" sort="Domazet Loso, Tomislav" uniqKey="Domazet Loso T" first="Tomislav" last="Domazet-Lošo">Tomislav Domazet-Lošo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Ruđer Bošković</institution> Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb,<country>Croatia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douglas, Angela E" sort="Douglas, Angela E" uniqKey="Douglas A" first="Angela E." last="Douglas">Angela E. Douglas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,<institution>Cornell University</institution>, Ithaca, NY 14853;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubilier, Nicole" sort="Dubilier, Nicole" uniqKey="Dubilier N" first="Nicole" last="Dubilier">Nicole Dubilier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology</institution>, Symbiosis Group, D-28359 Bremen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eberl, Gerard" sort="Eberl, Gerard" uniqKey="Eberl G" first="Gerard" last="Eberl">Gerard Eberl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Lymphoid Tissue Development Unit,<institution>Institut Pasteur</institution>, 75724 Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukami, Tadashi" sort="Fukami, Tadashi" uniqKey="Fukami T" first="Tadashi" last="Fukami">Tadashi Fukami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Biology,<institution>Stanford University</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Scott F" sort="Gilbert, Scott F" uniqKey="Gilbert S" first="Scott F." last="Gilbert">Scott F. Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24">Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hentschel, Ute" sort="Hentschel, Ute" uniqKey="Hentschel U" first="Ute" last="Hentschel">Ute Hentschel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Julius-von-Sachs Institute,<institution>University of Wuerzburg</institution>, D-97082 Wuezburg,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, Nicole" sort="King, Nicole" uniqKey="King N" first="Nicole" last="King">Nicole King</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Molecular and Cell Biology,<institution>University of California</institution>, Berkeley,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94720;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kjelleberg, Staffan" sort="Kjelleberg, Staffan" uniqKey="Kjelleberg S" first="Staffan" last="Kjelleberg">Staffan Kjelleberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, and Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knoll, Andrew H" sort="Knoll, Andrew H" uniqKey="Knoll A" first="Andrew H." last="Knoll">Andrew H. Knoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Botanical Museum,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kremer, Natacha" sort="Kremer, Natacha" uniqKey="Kremer N" first="Natacha" last="Kremer">Natacha Kremer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazmanian, Sarkis K" sort="Mazmanian, Sarkis K" uniqKey="Mazmanian S" first="Sarkis K." last="Mazmanian">Sarkis K. Mazmanian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Division of Biology,<institution>California Institute of Technology</institution>, Pasadena<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 91125;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metcalf, Jessica L" sort="Metcalf, Jessica L" uniqKey="Metcalf J" first="Jessica L." last="Metcalf">Jessica L. Metcalf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Biofrontiers Institute,<institution>University of Colorado</institution>, Boulder<addr-line>CO</addr-line> 80309;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nealson, Kenneth" sort="Nealson, Kenneth" uniqKey="Nealson K" first="Kenneth" last="Nealson">Kenneth Nealson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 90089;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierce, Naomi E" sort="Pierce, Naomi E" uniqKey="Pierce N" first="Naomi E." last="Pierce">Naomi E. Pierce</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawls, John F" sort="Rawls, John F" uniqKey="Rawls J" first="John F." last="Rawls">John F. Rawls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19">Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Ann" sort="Reid, Ann" uniqKey="Reid A" first="Ann" last="Reid">Ann Reid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>American Academy of Microbiology</institution>, Washington,<addr-line>DC</addr-line> 20036;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruby, Edward G" sort="Ruby, Edward G" uniqKey="Ruby E" first="Edward G." last="Ruby">Edward G. Ruby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rumpho, Mary" sort="Rumpho, Mary" uniqKey="Rumpho M" first="Mary" last="Rumpho">Mary Rumpho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, Jon G" sort="Sanders, Jon G" uniqKey="Sanders J" first="Jon G." last="Sanders">Jon G. Sanders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tautz, Diethard" sort="Tautz, Diethard" uniqKey="Tautz D" first="Diethard" last="Tautz">Diethard Tautz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff22"><institution>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology</institution>, D-24306 Plön,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wernegreen, Jennifer J" sort="Wernegreen, Jennifer J" uniqKey="Wernegreen J" first="Jennifer J." last="Wernegreen">Jennifer J. Wernegreen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23">Nicholas School and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy,<institution>Duke University</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27708</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal–bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other’s genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal–bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23391737</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3587249</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201218525</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1218525110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Perspective</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Animals in a bacterial world</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McFall-Ngai</surname><given-names>Margaret</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hadfield</surname><given-names>Michael G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bosch</surname><given-names>Thomas C. G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carey</surname><given-names>Hannah V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Domazet-Lošo</surname><given-names>Tomislav</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Douglas</surname><given-names>Angela E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dubilier</surname><given-names>Nicole</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eberl</surname><given-names>Gerard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fukami</surname><given-names>Tadashi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gilbert</surname><given-names>Scott F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hentschel</surname><given-names>Ute</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>k</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>King</surname><given-names>Nicole</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kjelleberg</surname><given-names>Staffan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>m</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Knoll</surname><given-names>Andrew H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kremer</surname><given-names>Natacha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mazmanian</surname><given-names>Sarkis K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metcalf</surname><given-names>Jessica L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nealson</surname><given-names>Kenneth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>q</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pierce</surname><given-names>Naomi E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>r</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rawls</surname><given-names>John F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>s</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reid</surname><given-names>Ann</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>t</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ruby</surname><given-names>Edward G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rumpho</surname><given-names>Mary</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>u</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanders</surname><given-names>Jon G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>r</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tautz</surname><given-names>Diethard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>v</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wernegreen</surname><given-names>Jennifer J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23"><sup>w</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Kewalo Marine Laboratory,<institution>University of Hawaii</institution>, Honolulu,<addr-line>HI</addr-line> 96813;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Zoological Institute,<institution>Christian-Albrechts-University</institution>, D-24098 Kiel,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Department of Comparative Biosciences,<institution>University of Wisconsin</institution>, Madison,<addr-line>WI</addr-line> 53706;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup><institution>Ruđer Bošković</institution> Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb,<country>Croatia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,<institution>Cornell University</institution>, Ithaca, NY 14853;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup><institution>Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology</institution>, Symbiosis Group, D-28359 Bremen,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup>Lymphoid Tissue Development Unit,<institution>Institut Pasteur</institution>, 75724 Paris,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>i</sup>Department of Biology,<institution>Stanford University</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</aff><aff id="aff24"><sup>j</sup>Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland;</aff><aff id="aff11"><sup>k</sup>Julius-von-Sachs Institute,<institution>University of Wuerzburg</institution>, D-97082 Wuezburg,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff12"><sup>l</sup>Molecular and Cell Biology,<institution>University of California</institution>, Berkeley,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94720;</aff><aff id="aff13"><sup>m</sup>Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, and Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;</aff><aff id="aff14"><sup>n</sup>Botanical Museum,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</aff><aff id="aff15"><sup>o</sup>Division of Biology,<institution>California Institute of Technology</institution>, Pasadena<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 91125;</aff><aff id="aff16"><sup>p</sup>Biofrontiers Institute,<institution>University of Colorado</institution>, Boulder<addr-line>CO</addr-line> 80309;</aff><aff id="aff17"><sup>q</sup>Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 90089;</aff><aff id="aff18"><sup>r</sup>Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02138;</aff><aff id="aff19"><sup>s</sup>Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;</aff><aff id="aff20"><sup>t</sup><institution>American Academy of Microbiology</institution>, Washington,<addr-line>DC</addr-line> 20036;</aff><aff id="aff21"><sup>u</sup>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;</aff><aff id="aff22"><sup>v</sup><institution>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology</institution>, D-24306 Plön,<country>Germany</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff23"><sup>w</sup>Nicholas School and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy,<institution>Duke University</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27708</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: <email>mjmcfallngai@wisc.edu</email> or <email>hadfield@hawaii.edu</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by David M. Karl, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, and approved January 17, 2013 (received for review December 2, 2012)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: M.M.-N., M.G.H., T.C.G.B., H.V.C., T.D.-L., A.E.D., N.D., G.E., T.F., S.F.G., U.H., N. King, S.K., A.H.K., N. Kremer, S.K.M., J.L.M., K.N., N.E.P., J.F.R., A.R., E.G.R., M.R., J.G.S., D.T., and J.J.W. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>26</day><month>2</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day><month>2</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>110</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>3229</fpage><lpage>3236</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201218525.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal–bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other’s genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal–bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>bacterial roles animal origins</kwd><kwd>reciprocal effects animal–bacterial genomics</kwd><kwd>bacteria-driven development</kwd><kwd>microbiome and host physiology</kwd><kwd>nested ecosystems</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="8"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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