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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests</title><author><name sortKey="Clough, Yann" sort="Clough, Yann" uniqKey="Clough Y" first="Yann" last="Clough">Yann Clough</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barkmann, Jan" sort="Barkmann, Jan" uniqKey="Barkmann J" first="Jan" last="Barkmann">Jan Barkmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juhrbandt, Jana" sort="Juhrbandt, Jana" uniqKey="Juhrbandt J" first="Jana" last="Juhrbandt">Jana Juhrbandt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kessler, Michael" sort="Kessler, Michael" uniqKey="Kessler M" first="Michael" last="Kessler">Michael Kessler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institute of Systematic Botany,<institution>University of Zürich</institution>, CH-8008 Zürich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wanger, Thomas Cherico" sort="Wanger, Thomas Cherico" uniqKey="Wanger T" first="Thomas Cherico" last="Wanger">Thomas Cherico Wanger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<country>Singapore</country> 117543;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anshary, Alam" sort="Anshary, Alam" uniqKey="Anshary A" first="Alam" last="Anshary">Alam Anshary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Faculty of Agriculture,<institution>University of Tadulako</institution>, Palu, Central Sulawesi 94118,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchori, Damayanti" sort="Buchori, Damayanti" uniqKey="Buchori D" first="Damayanti" last="Buchori">Damayanti Buchori</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Peka Indonesia Foundation (Indonesian Nature Conservation Foundation)-Wildlife Trust Alliance</institution>, Bogor, West Java 16680,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Protection,<institution>Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus</institution> Darmaga Bogor, West Java 16680,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicuzza, Daniele" sort="Cicuzza, Daniele" uniqKey="Cicuzza D" first="Daniele" last="Cicuzza">Daniele Cicuzza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institute of Systematic Botany,<institution>University of Zürich</institution>, CH-8008 Zürich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darras, Kevin" sort="Darras, Kevin" uniqKey="Darras K" first="Kevin" last="Darras">Kevin Darras</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Master Ecologie, Biodiversité, Evolution,<institution>Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005</institution> Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Département de Biologie,<institution>Ecole Normale Supérieure, F-75230</institution> Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Putra, Dadang Dwi" sort="Putra, Dadang Dwi" uniqKey="Putra D" first="Dadang Dwi" last="Putra">Dadang Dwi Putra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>Celebes Bird Club</institution>, Palu, Central Sulawesi,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erasmi, Stefan" sort="Erasmi, Stefan" uniqKey="Erasmi S" first="Stefan" last="Erasmi">Stefan Erasmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="aff2">Institute of Geography, Cartography, Geographic Information System, and Remote Sensing Department</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitopang, Ramadhanil" sort="Pitopang, Ramadhanil" uniqKey="Pitopang R" first="Ramadhanil" last="Pitopang">Ramadhanil Pitopang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Herbarium Celebense,<institution>Tadulako University</institution>, Kampus Bumi Tadulako Palu, Central Sulawesi 94118,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Carsten" sort="Schmidt, Carsten" uniqKey="Schmidt C" first="Carsten" last="Schmidt">Carsten Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection,<institution>Georg-August-Universität Göttingen</institution>, D-37077 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, Christian H" sort="Schulze, Christian H" uniqKey="Schulze C" first="Christian H." last="Schulze">Christian H. Schulze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff15">Department of Population Ecology, Faculty Center of Biodiversity,<institution>University of Vienna</institution>, A-1030 Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seidel, Dominik" sort="Seidel, Dominik" uniqKey="Seidel D" first="Dominik" last="Seidel">Dominik Seidel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="aff2">Institute of Geography, Cartography, Geographic Information System, and Remote Sensing Department</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf" sort="Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf" uniqKey="Steffan Dewenter I" first="Ingolf" last="Steffan-Dewenter">Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Biozentrum,<institution>University of Würzburg</institution>, D-97074 Würzburg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stenchly, Kathrin" sort="Stenchly, Kathrin" uniqKey="Stenchly K" first="Kathrin" last="Stenchly">Kathrin Stenchly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vidal, Stefan" sort="Vidal, Stefan" uniqKey="Vidal S" first="Stefan" last="Vidal">Stefan Vidal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection,<institution>Georg-August-Universität Göttingen</institution>, D-37077 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weist, Maria" sort="Weist, Maria" uniqKey="Weist M" first="Maria" last="Weist">Maria Weist</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wielgoss, Arno Christian" sort="Wielgoss, Arno Christian" uniqKey="Wielgoss A" first="Arno Christian" last="Wielgoss">Arno Christian Wielgoss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Biozentrum,<institution>University of Würzburg</institution>, D-97074 Würzburg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tscharntke, Teja" sort="Tscharntke, Teja" uniqKey="Tscharntke T" first="Teja" last="Tscharntke">Teja Tscharntke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21536873</idno><idno type="pmc">3100989</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100989</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3100989</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1016799108</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B48</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B48</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests</title><author><name sortKey="Clough, Yann" sort="Clough, Yann" uniqKey="Clough Y" first="Yann" last="Clough">Yann Clough</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barkmann, Jan" sort="Barkmann, Jan" uniqKey="Barkmann J" first="Jan" last="Barkmann">Jan Barkmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juhrbandt, Jana" sort="Juhrbandt, Jana" uniqKey="Juhrbandt J" first="Jana" last="Juhrbandt">Jana Juhrbandt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kessler, Michael" sort="Kessler, Michael" uniqKey="Kessler M" first="Michael" last="Kessler">Michael Kessler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institute of Systematic Botany,<institution>University of Zürich</institution>, CH-8008 Zürich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wanger, Thomas Cherico" sort="Wanger, Thomas Cherico" uniqKey="Wanger T" first="Thomas Cherico" last="Wanger">Thomas Cherico Wanger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<country>Singapore</country> 117543;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anshary, Alam" sort="Anshary, Alam" uniqKey="Anshary A" first="Alam" last="Anshary">Alam Anshary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Faculty of Agriculture,<institution>University of Tadulako</institution>, Palu, Central Sulawesi 94118,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchori, Damayanti" sort="Buchori, Damayanti" uniqKey="Buchori D" first="Damayanti" last="Buchori">Damayanti Buchori</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Peka Indonesia Foundation (Indonesian Nature Conservation Foundation)-Wildlife Trust Alliance</institution>, Bogor, West Java 16680,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Protection,<institution>Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus</institution> Darmaga Bogor, West Java 16680,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicuzza, Daniele" sort="Cicuzza, Daniele" uniqKey="Cicuzza D" first="Daniele" last="Cicuzza">Daniele Cicuzza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institute of Systematic Botany,<institution>University of Zürich</institution>, CH-8008 Zürich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darras, Kevin" sort="Darras, Kevin" uniqKey="Darras K" first="Kevin" last="Darras">Kevin Darras</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Master Ecologie, Biodiversité, Evolution,<institution>Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005</institution> Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Département de Biologie,<institution>Ecole Normale Supérieure, F-75230</institution> Paris,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Putra, Dadang Dwi" sort="Putra, Dadang Dwi" uniqKey="Putra D" first="Dadang Dwi" last="Putra">Dadang Dwi Putra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>Celebes Bird Club</institution>, Palu, Central Sulawesi,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erasmi, Stefan" sort="Erasmi, Stefan" uniqKey="Erasmi S" first="Stefan" last="Erasmi">Stefan Erasmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="aff2">Institute of Geography, Cartography, Geographic Information System, and Remote Sensing Department</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitopang, Ramadhanil" sort="Pitopang, Ramadhanil" uniqKey="Pitopang R" first="Ramadhanil" last="Pitopang">Ramadhanil Pitopang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Herbarium Celebense,<institution>Tadulako University</institution>, Kampus Bumi Tadulako Palu, Central Sulawesi 94118,<country>Indonesia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Carsten" sort="Schmidt, Carsten" uniqKey="Schmidt C" first="Carsten" last="Schmidt">Carsten Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection,<institution>Georg-August-Universität Göttingen</institution>, D-37077 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, Christian H" sort="Schulze, Christian H" uniqKey="Schulze C" first="Christian H." last="Schulze">Christian H. Schulze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff15">Department of Population Ecology, Faculty Center of Biodiversity,<institution>University of Vienna</institution>, A-1030 Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seidel, Dominik" sort="Seidel, Dominik" uniqKey="Seidel D" first="Dominik" last="Seidel">Dominik Seidel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="aff2">Institute of Geography, Cartography, Geographic Information System, and Remote Sensing Department</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf" sort="Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf" uniqKey="Steffan Dewenter I" first="Ingolf" last="Steffan-Dewenter">Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Biozentrum,<institution>University of Würzburg</institution>, D-97074 Würzburg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stenchly, Kathrin" sort="Stenchly, Kathrin" uniqKey="Stenchly K" first="Kathrin" last="Stenchly">Kathrin Stenchly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vidal, Stefan" sort="Vidal, Stefan" uniqKey="Vidal S" first="Stefan" last="Vidal">Stefan Vidal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection,<institution>Georg-August-Universität Göttingen</institution>, D-37077 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weist, Maria" sort="Weist, Maria" uniqKey="Weist M" first="Maria" last="Weist">Maria Weist</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wielgoss, Arno Christian" sort="Wielgoss, Arno Christian" uniqKey="Wielgoss A" first="Arno Christian" last="Wielgoss">Arno Christian Wielgoss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Biozentrum,<institution>University of Würzburg</institution>, D-97074 Würzburg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tscharntke, Teja" sort="Tscharntke, Teja" uniqKey="Tscharntke T" first="Teja" last="Tscharntke">Teja Tscharntke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Local and landscape-scale agricultural intensification is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Controversially discussed solutions include wildlife-friendly farming or combining high-intensity farming with land-sparing for nature. Here, we integrate biodiversity and crop productivity data for smallholder cacao in Indonesia to exemplify for tropical agroforests that there is little relationship between yield and biodiversity under current management, opening substantial opportunities for wildlife-friendly management. Species richness of trees, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates did not decrease with yield. Moderate shade, adequate labor, and input level can be combined with a complex habitat structure to provide high biodiversity as well as high yields. Although livelihood impacts are held up as a major obstacle for wildlife-friendly farming in the tropics, our results suggest that in some situations, agroforests can be designed to optimize both biodiversity and crop production benefits without adding pressure to convert natural habitat to farmland.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21536873</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3100989</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201016799</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1016799108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Sustainability Science</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clough</surname><given-names>Yann</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barkmann</surname><given-names>Jan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Juhrbandt</surname><given-names>Jana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kessler</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wanger</surname><given-names>Thomas Cherico</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Anshary</surname><given-names>Alam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buchori</surname><given-names>Damayanti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>g</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cicuzza</surname><given-names>Daniele</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Darras</surname><given-names>Kevin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>i</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Putra</surname><given-names>Dadang Dwi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>k</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Erasmi</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pitopang</surname><given-names>Ramadhanil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>m</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>Carsten</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schulze</surname><given-names>Christian H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seidel</surname><given-names>Dominik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Steffan-Dewenter</surname><given-names>Ingolf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stenchly</surname><given-names>Kathrin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vidal</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weist</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wielgoss</surname><given-names>Arno Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tscharntke</surname><given-names>Teja</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences,</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>l</sup>Institute of Geography, Cartography, Geographic Information System, and Remote Sensing Department, and</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>n</sup>Institute of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection,<institution>Georg-August-Universität Göttingen</institution>, D-37077 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>b</sup>Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>c</sup>Institute of Systematic Botany,<institution>University of Zürich</institution>, CH-8008 Zürich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>d</sup>Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5005,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>e</sup>Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<country>Singapore</country> 117543;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>f</sup>Faculty of Agriculture,<institution>University of Tadulako</institution>, Palu, Central Sulawesi 94118,<country>Indonesia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>g</sup><institution>Peka Indonesia Foundation (Indonesian Nature Conservation Foundation)-Wildlife Trust Alliance</institution>, Bogor, West Java 16680,<country>Indonesia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>h</sup>Department of Plant Protection,<institution>Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus</institution> Darmaga Bogor, West Java 16680,<country>Indonesia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff11"><sup>i</sup>Master Ecologie, Biodiversité, Evolution,<institution>Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005</institution> Paris,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff12"><sup>j</sup>Département de Biologie,<institution>Ecole Normale Supérieure, F-75230</institution> Paris,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff13"><sup>k</sup><institution>Celebes Bird Club</institution>, Palu, Central Sulawesi,<country>Indonesia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff14"><sup>m</sup>Herbarium Celebense,<institution>Tadulako University</institution>, Kampus Bumi Tadulako Palu, Central Sulawesi 94118,<country>Indonesia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff15"><sup>o</sup>Department of Population Ecology, Faculty Center of Biodiversity,<institution>University of Vienna</institution>, A-1030 Vienna,<country>Austria</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff16"><sup>p</sup>Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Biozentrum,<institution>University of Würzburg</institution>, D-97074 Würzburg,<country>Germany</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>yclough@gwdg.de</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Gretchen C. Daily, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved April 11, 2011 (received for review November 9, 2010)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: Y.C., J.B., M.K., A.A., D.B., I.S.-D., S.V., and T.T. designed research; Y.C., J.J., T.C.W., D.C., K.D., D.D.P., S.E., R.P., C.S., C.H.S., D.S., K.S., M.W., and A.C.W. performed research; Y.C. and J.J. analyzed data; and Y.C., J.B., J.J., M.K., T.C.W., and T.T. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>17</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>2</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>108</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>8311</fpage><lpage>8316</lpage><permissions><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201016799.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Local and landscape-scale agricultural intensification is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Controversially discussed solutions include wildlife-friendly farming or combining high-intensity farming with land-sparing for nature. Here, we integrate biodiversity and crop productivity data for smallholder cacao in Indonesia to exemplify for tropical agroforests that there is little relationship between yield and biodiversity under current management, opening substantial opportunities for wildlife-friendly management. Species richness of trees, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates did not decrease with yield. Moderate shade, adequate labor, and input level can be combined with a complex habitat structure to provide high biodiversity as well as high yields. Although livelihood impacts are held up as a major obstacle for wildlife-friendly farming in the tropics, our results suggest that in some situations, agroforests can be designed to optimize both biodiversity and crop production benefits without adding pressure to convert natural habitat to farmland.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>agroecosystems</kwd><kwd>ecosystem services</kwd><kwd>ecology-economy trade-offs</kwd><kwd>endemic species richness</kwd><kwd>shade trees</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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