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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of Tuberculosis Diagnostics in Children: 1. Proposed Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Disease. Consensus From an Expert Panel</title><author><name sortKey="Graham, Stephen M" sort="Graham, Stephen M" uniqKey="Graham S" first="Stephen M." last="Graham">Stephen M. Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Tahmeed" sort="Ahmed, Tahmeed" uniqKey="Ahmed T" first="Tahmeed" last="Ahmed">Tahmeed Ahmed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amanullah, Farhana" sort="Amanullah, Farhana" uniqKey="Amanullah F" first="Farhana" last="Amanullah">Farhana Amanullah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Browning, Renee" sort="Browning, Renee" uniqKey="Browning R" first="Renee" last="Browning">Renee Browning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cardenas, Vicky" sort="Cardenas, Vicky" uniqKey="Cardenas V" first="Vicky" last="Cardenas">Vicky Cardenas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Casenghi, Martina" sort="Casenghi, Martina" uniqKey="Casenghi M" first="Martina" last="Casenghi">Martina Casenghi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cuevas, Luis E" sort="Cuevas, Luis E" uniqKey="Cuevas L" first="Luis E." last="Cuevas">Luis E. Cuevas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gale, Marianne" sort="Gale, Marianne" uniqKey="Gale M" first="Marianne" last="Gale">Marianne Gale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gie, Robert P" sort="Gie, Robert P" uniqKey="Gie R" first="Robert P." last="Gie">Robert P. Gie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grzemska, Malgosia" sort="Grzemska, Malgosia" uniqKey="Grzemska M" first="Malgosia" last="Grzemska">Malgosia Grzemska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Handelsman, Ed" sort="Handelsman, Ed" uniqKey="Handelsman E" first="Ed" last="Handelsman">Ed Handelsman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hatherill, Mark" sort="Hatherill, Mark" uniqKey="Hatherill M" first="Mark" last="Hatherill">Mark Hatherill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hesseling, Anneke C" sort="Hesseling, Anneke C" uniqKey="Hesseling A" first="Anneke C." last="Hesseling">Anneke C. Hesseling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jean Philippe, Patrick" sort="Jean Philippe, Patrick" uniqKey="Jean Philippe P" first="Patrick" last="Jean-Philippe">Patrick Jean-Philippe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kampmann, Beate" sort="Kampmann, Beate" uniqKey="Kampmann B" first="Beate" last="Kampmann">Beate Kampmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabra, Sushil Kumar" sort="Kabra, Sushil Kumar" uniqKey="Kabra S" first="Sushil Kumar" last="Kabra">Sushil Kumar Kabra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lienhardt, Christian" sort="Lienhardt, Christian" uniqKey="Lienhardt C" first="Christian" last="Lienhardt">Christian Lienhardt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lighter Fisher, Jennifer" sort="Lighter Fisher, Jennifer" uniqKey="Lighter Fisher J" first="Jennifer" last="Lighter-Fisher">Jennifer Lighter-Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madhi, Shabir" sort="Madhi, Shabir" uniqKey="Madhi S" first="Shabir" last="Madhi">Shabir Madhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makhene, Mamodikoe" sort="Makhene, Mamodikoe" uniqKey="Makhene M" first="Mamodikoe" last="Makhene">Mamodikoe Makhene</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marais, Ben J" sort="Marais, Ben J" uniqKey="Marais B" first="Ben J." last="Marais">Ben J. Marais</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcneeley, David F" sort="Mcneeley, David F" uniqKey="Mcneeley D" first="David F." last="Mcneeley">David F. Mcneeley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, Heather" sort="Menzies, Heather" uniqKey="Menzies H" first="Heather" last="Menzies">Heather Menzies</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Charles" sort="Mitchell, Charles" uniqKey="Mitchell C" first="Charles" last="Mitchell">Charles Mitchell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Modi, Surbhi" sort="Modi, Surbhi" uniqKey="Modi S" first="Surbhi" last="Modi">Surbhi Modi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mofenson, Lynne" sort="Mofenson, Lynne" uniqKey="Mofenson L" first="Lynne" last="Mofenson">Lynne Mofenson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Musoke, Philippa" sort="Musoke, Philippa" uniqKey="Musoke P" first="Philippa" last="Musoke">Philippa Musoke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nachman, Sharon" sort="Nachman, Sharon" uniqKey="Nachman S" first="Sharon" last="Nachman">Sharon Nachman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, Clydette" sort="Powell, Clydette" uniqKey="Powell C" first="Clydette" last="Powell">Clydette Powell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rigaud, Mona" sort="Rigaud, Mona" uniqKey="Rigaud M" first="Mona" last="Rigaud">Mona Rigaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouzier, Vanessa" sort="Rouzier, Vanessa" uniqKey="Rouzier V" first="Vanessa" last="Rouzier">Vanessa Rouzier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Starke, Jeffrey R" sort="Starke, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="Starke J" first="Jeffrey R." last="Starke">Jeffrey R. Starke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swaminathan, Soumya" sort="Swaminathan, Soumya" uniqKey="Swaminathan S" first="Soumya" last="Swaminathan">Soumya Swaminathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, Claire" sort="Wingfield, Claire" uniqKey="Wingfield C" first="Claire" last="Wingfield">Claire Wingfield</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22448023</idno><idno type="pmc">3334506</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334506</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3334506</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/infdis/jis008</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001970</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001970</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Evaluation of Tuberculosis Diagnostics in Children: 1. Proposed Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Disease. Consensus From an Expert Panel</title><author><name sortKey="Graham, Stephen M" sort="Graham, Stephen M" uniqKey="Graham S" first="Stephen M." last="Graham">Stephen M. Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Tahmeed" sort="Ahmed, Tahmeed" uniqKey="Ahmed T" first="Tahmeed" last="Ahmed">Tahmeed Ahmed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amanullah, Farhana" sort="Amanullah, Farhana" uniqKey="Amanullah F" first="Farhana" last="Amanullah">Farhana Amanullah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Browning, Renee" sort="Browning, Renee" uniqKey="Browning R" first="Renee" last="Browning">Renee Browning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cardenas, Vicky" sort="Cardenas, Vicky" uniqKey="Cardenas V" first="Vicky" last="Cardenas">Vicky Cardenas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Casenghi, Martina" sort="Casenghi, Martina" uniqKey="Casenghi M" first="Martina" last="Casenghi">Martina Casenghi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cuevas, Luis E" sort="Cuevas, Luis E" uniqKey="Cuevas L" first="Luis E." last="Cuevas">Luis E. Cuevas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gale, Marianne" sort="Gale, Marianne" uniqKey="Gale M" first="Marianne" last="Gale">Marianne Gale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gie, Robert P" sort="Gie, Robert P" uniqKey="Gie R" first="Robert P." last="Gie">Robert P. Gie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grzemska, Malgosia" sort="Grzemska, Malgosia" uniqKey="Grzemska M" first="Malgosia" last="Grzemska">Malgosia Grzemska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Handelsman, Ed" sort="Handelsman, Ed" uniqKey="Handelsman E" first="Ed" last="Handelsman">Ed Handelsman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hatherill, Mark" sort="Hatherill, Mark" uniqKey="Hatherill M" first="Mark" last="Hatherill">Mark Hatherill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hesseling, Anneke C" sort="Hesseling, Anneke C" uniqKey="Hesseling A" first="Anneke C." last="Hesseling">Anneke C. Hesseling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jean Philippe, Patrick" sort="Jean Philippe, Patrick" uniqKey="Jean Philippe P" first="Patrick" last="Jean-Philippe">Patrick Jean-Philippe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kampmann, Beate" sort="Kampmann, Beate" uniqKey="Kampmann B" first="Beate" last="Kampmann">Beate Kampmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabra, Sushil Kumar" sort="Kabra, Sushil Kumar" uniqKey="Kabra S" first="Sushil Kumar" last="Kabra">Sushil Kumar Kabra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lienhardt, Christian" sort="Lienhardt, Christian" uniqKey="Lienhardt C" first="Christian" last="Lienhardt">Christian Lienhardt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lighter Fisher, Jennifer" sort="Lighter Fisher, Jennifer" uniqKey="Lighter Fisher J" first="Jennifer" last="Lighter-Fisher">Jennifer Lighter-Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madhi, Shabir" sort="Madhi, Shabir" uniqKey="Madhi S" first="Shabir" last="Madhi">Shabir Madhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makhene, Mamodikoe" sort="Makhene, Mamodikoe" uniqKey="Makhene M" first="Mamodikoe" last="Makhene">Mamodikoe Makhene</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marais, Ben J" sort="Marais, Ben J" uniqKey="Marais B" first="Ben J." last="Marais">Ben J. Marais</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcneeley, David F" sort="Mcneeley, David F" uniqKey="Mcneeley D" first="David F." last="Mcneeley">David F. Mcneeley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, Heather" sort="Menzies, Heather" uniqKey="Menzies H" first="Heather" last="Menzies">Heather Menzies</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Charles" sort="Mitchell, Charles" uniqKey="Mitchell C" first="Charles" last="Mitchell">Charles Mitchell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Modi, Surbhi" sort="Modi, Surbhi" uniqKey="Modi S" first="Surbhi" last="Modi">Surbhi Modi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mofenson, Lynne" sort="Mofenson, Lynne" uniqKey="Mofenson L" first="Lynne" last="Mofenson">Lynne Mofenson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Musoke, Philippa" sort="Musoke, Philippa" uniqKey="Musoke P" first="Philippa" last="Musoke">Philippa Musoke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nachman, Sharon" sort="Nachman, Sharon" uniqKey="Nachman S" first="Sharon" last="Nachman">Sharon Nachman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, Clydette" sort="Powell, Clydette" uniqKey="Powell C" first="Clydette" last="Powell">Clydette Powell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rigaud, Mona" sort="Rigaud, Mona" uniqKey="Rigaud M" first="Mona" last="Rigaud">Mona Rigaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouzier, Vanessa" sort="Rouzier, Vanessa" uniqKey="Rouzier V" first="Vanessa" last="Rouzier">Vanessa Rouzier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Starke, Jeffrey R" sort="Starke, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="Starke J" first="Jeffrey R." last="Starke">Jeffrey R. Starke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swaminathan, Soumya" sort="Swaminathan, Soumya" uniqKey="Swaminathan S" first="Soumya" last="Swaminathan">Soumya Swaminathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, Claire" sort="Wingfield, Claire" uniqKey="Wingfield C" first="Claire" last="Wingfield">Claire Wingfield</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>There is a critical need for improved diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, particularly in young children with intrathoracic disease as this represents the most common type of tuberculosis in children and the greatest diagnostic challenge. There is also a need for standardized clinical case definitions for the evaluation of diagnostics in prospective clinical research studies that include children in whom tuberculosis is suspected but not confirmed by culture of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>. A panel representing a wide range of expertise and child tuberculosis research experience aimed to develop standardized clinical research case definitions for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children to enable harmonized evaluation of new tuberculosis diagnostic technologies in pediatric populations. Draft definitions and statements were proposed and circulated widely for feedback. An expert panel then considered each of the proposed definitions and statements relating to clinical definitions. Formal group consensus rules were established and consensus was reached for each statement. The definitions presented in this article are intended for use in clinical research to evaluate diagnostic assays and not for individual patient diagnosis or treatment decisions. A complementary article addresses methodological issues to consider for research of diagnostics in children with suspected tuberculosis.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Infect. Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jinfdis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jinfdis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-1899</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-6613</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22448023</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3334506</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/infdis/jis008</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Main Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evaluation of Tuberculosis Diagnostics in Children: 1. Proposed Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Disease. Consensus From an Expert Panel</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graham</surname><given-names>Stephen M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmed</surname><given-names>Tahmeed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amanullah</surname><given-names>Farhana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Browning</surname><given-names>Renee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cardenas</surname><given-names>Vicky</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Casenghi</surname><given-names>Martina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cuevas</surname><given-names>Luis E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gale</surname><given-names>Marianne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gie</surname><given-names>Robert P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grzemska</surname><given-names>Malgosia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Handelsman</surname><given-names>Ed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hatherill</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hesseling</surname><given-names>Anneke C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jean-Philippe</surname><given-names>Patrick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kampmann</surname><given-names>Beate</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kabra</surname><given-names>Sushil Kumar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lienhardt</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lighter-Fisher</surname><given-names>Jennifer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Madhi</surname><given-names>Shabir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Makhene</surname><given-names>Mamodikoe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marais</surname><given-names>Ben J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McNeeley</surname><given-names>David F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Menzies</surname><given-names>Heather</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitchell</surname><given-names>Charles</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Modi</surname><given-names>Surbhi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mofenson</surname><given-names>Lynne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Musoke</surname><given-names>Philippa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">27</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nachman</surname><given-names>Sharon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Powell</surname><given-names>Clydette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">29</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rigaud</surname><given-names>Mona</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rouzier</surname><given-names>Vanessa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">30</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Starke</surname><given-names>Jeffrey R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">31</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swaminathan</surname><given-names>Soumya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">32</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wingfield</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33">33</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens</aff><aff>Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>Henry Jackson Foundation–Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>Aeras, Rockville, Maryland</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>Medecins sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool,United Kingdom</aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>Medecins sans Frontières, Sydney, Australia</aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa</aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy</aff><aff>Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label>South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town</aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label>Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa</aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label>Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label>Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia</aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label>All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi</aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label>New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York</aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label>National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label>Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</aff><aff id="aff21"><label>21</label>Children’s Hospital Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia</aff><aff id="aff22"><label>22</label>Medical Service Corporation International, Arlington,Virginia</aff><aff id="aff23"><label>23</label>International Research and Programs Branch, Divisionof Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</aff><aff id="aff24"><label>24</label>University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</aff><aff id="aff25"><label>25</label>Maternal and Child Health Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</aff><aff id="aff26"><label>26</label>Pediatric, Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland</aff><aff id="aff27"><label>27</label>Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda</aff><aff id="aff28"><label>28</label>State University of New York School of Medicine at Stony Brook</aff><aff id="aff29"><label>29</label>Division of Infectious Disease, Office of Health, Infectious Disease, and Nutrition Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC</aff><aff id="aff30"><label>30</label>GHESKIO Centers, Port au Prince, Haiti</aff><aff id="aff31"><label>31</label>Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas</aff><aff id="aff32"><label>32</label>National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Chennai, India</aff><aff id="aff33"><label>33</label>Treatment Action Group, New York, New York</aff><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence: Stephen M. Graham, FRACP, PhD, Department of Paediatrics, Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia (<email>steve.graham@rch.org.au</email>).</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>15</day><month>5</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>205</volume><issue>Suppl 2</issue><issue-title>Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis/HIV/AIDS: Unanswered Questions and Controversies</issue-title><fpage>S199</fpage><lpage>S208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p>There is a critical need for improved diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, particularly in young children with intrathoracic disease as this represents the most common type of tuberculosis in children and the greatest diagnostic challenge. There is also a need for standardized clinical case definitions for the evaluation of diagnostics in prospective clinical research studies that include children in whom tuberculosis is suspected but not confirmed by culture of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>. A panel representing a wide range of expertise and child tuberculosis research experience aimed to develop standardized clinical research case definitions for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children to enable harmonized evaluation of new tuberculosis diagnostic technologies in pediatric populations. Draft definitions and statements were proposed and circulated widely for feedback. An expert panel then considered each of the proposed definitions and statements relating to clinical definitions. Formal group consensus rules were established and consensus was reached for each statement. The definitions presented in this article are intended for use in clinical research to evaluate diagnostic assays and not for individual patient diagnosis or treatment decisions. A complementary article addresses methodological issues to consider for research of diagnostics in children with suspected tuberculosis.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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