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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture</title><author><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saag, Lauri" sort="Saag, Lauri" uniqKey="Saag L" first="Lauri" last="Saag">Lauri Saag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3">Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vicente, Mario" sort="Vicente, Mario" uniqKey="Vicente M" first="Mário" last="Vicente">Mário Vicente</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" sort="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" uniqKey="Sayres M" first="Melissa A. Wilson" last="Sayres">Melissa A. Wilson Sayres</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6">School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rve, Mari" sort="J Rve, Mari" uniqKey="J Rve M" first="Mari" last="J Rve">Mari J Rve</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" sort="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" uniqKey="Talas U" first="Ulvi Gerst" last="Talas">Ulvi Gerst Talas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rootsi, Siiri" sort="Rootsi, Siiri" uniqKey="Rootsi S" first="Siiri" last="Rootsi">Siiri Rootsi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilum E, Anne Mai" sort="Ilum E, Anne Mai" uniqKey="Ilum E A" first="Anne-Mai" last="Ilum E">Anne-Mai Ilum E</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitt, Mario" sort="Mitt, Mario" uniqKey="Mitt M" first="Mario" last="Mitt">Mario Mitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af9">Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagani, Luca" sort="Pagani, Luca" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Luca" last="Pagani">Luca Pagani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puurand, Tarmo" sort="Puurand, Tarmo" uniqKey="Puurand T" first="Tarmo" last="Puurand">Tarmo Puurand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faltyskova, Zuzana" sort="Faltyskova, Zuzana" uniqKey="Faltyskova Z" first="Zuzana" last="Faltyskova">Zuzana Faltyskova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clemente, Florian" sort="Clemente, Florian" uniqKey="Clemente F" first="Florian" last="Clemente">Florian Clemente</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona, Alexia" sort="Cardona, Alexia" uniqKey="Cardona A" first="Alexia" last="Cardona">Alexia Cardona</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" sort="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" uniqKey="Yunusbayev B" first="Bayazit" last="Yunusbayev">Bayazit Yunusbayev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hudjashov, Georgi" sort="Hudjashov, Georgi" uniqKey="Hudjashov G" first="Georgi" last="Hudjashov">Georgi Hudjashov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af12">Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degiorgio, Michael" sort="Degiorgio, Michael" uniqKey="Degiorgio M" first="Michael" last="Degiorgio">Michael Degiorgio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af13">Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" sort="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" uniqKey="Loogv Li E" first="Eva-Liis" last="Loogv Li">Eva-Liis Loogv Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichstaedt, Christina" sort="Eichstaedt, Christina" uniqKey="Eichstaedt C" first="Christina" last="Eichstaedt">Christina Eichstaedt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eelmets, Mikk" sort="Eelmets, Mikk" uniqKey="Eelmets M" first="Mikk" last="Eelmets">Mikk Eelmets</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" sort="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" uniqKey="Chaubey G" first="Gyaneshwer" last="Chaubey">Gyaneshwer Chaubey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambets, Kristiina" sort="Tambets, Kristiina" uniqKey="Tambets K" first="Kristiina" last="Tambets">Kristiina Tambets</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergei" sort="Litvinov, Sergei" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergei" last="Litvinov">Sergei Litvinov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mormina, Maru" sort="Mormina, Maru" uniqKey="Mormina M" first="Maru" last="Mormina">Maru Mormina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af14">Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Yali" sort="Xue, Yali" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yali" last="Xue">Yali Xue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayub, Qasim" sort="Ayub, Qasim" uniqKey="Ayub Q" first="Qasim" last="Ayub">Qasim Ayub</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zoraqi, Grigor" sort="Zoraqi, Grigor" uniqKey="Zoraqi G" first="Grigor" last="Zoraqi">Grigor Zoraqi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af16">Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Research, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, ALB1005, Albania;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" sort="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" uniqKey="Korneliussen T" first="Thorfinn Sand" last="Korneliussen">Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhatova, Farida" sort="Akhatova, Farida" uniqKey="Akhatova F" first="Farida" last="Akhatova">Farida Akhatova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af19">Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lachance, Joseph" sort="Lachance, Joseph" uniqKey="Lachance J" first="Joseph" last="Lachance">Joseph Lachance</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af21">School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah" last="Tishkoff">Sarah Tishkoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af22">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6313, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Momynaliev, Kuvat" sort="Momynaliev, Kuvat" uniqKey="Momynaliev K" first="Kuvat" last="Momynaliev">Kuvat Momynaliev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af23">DNcode Laboratories, Moscow, 119992, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" sort="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Ricaut F" first="François-Xavier" last="Ricaut">François-Xavier Ricaut</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" sort="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" uniqKey="Kusuma P" first="Pradiptajati" last="Kusuma">Pradiptajati Kusuma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af25">Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" sort="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" uniqKey="Razafindrazaka H" first="Harilanto" last="Razafindrazaka">Harilanto Razafindrazaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierron, Denis" sort="Pierron, Denis" uniqKey="Pierron D" first="Denis" last="Pierron">Denis Pierron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Murray P" sort="Cox, Murray P" uniqKey="Cox M" first="Murray P." last="Cox">Murray P. Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af26">Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" sort="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" uniqKey="Sultana G" first="Gazi Nurun Nahar" last="Sultana">Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af27">Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), DNA Sequencing Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Rane" sort="Willerslev, Rane" uniqKey="Willerslev R" first="Rane" last="Willerslev">Rane Willerslev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af28">Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Craig" sort="Muller, Craig" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Craig" last="Muller">Craig Muller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westaway, Michael" sort="Westaway, Michael" uniqKey="Westaway M" first="Michael" last="Westaway">Michael Westaway</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, David" sort="Lambert, David" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David" last="Lambert">David Lambert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skaro, Vedrana" sort="Skaro, Vedrana" uniqKey="Skaro V" first="Vedrana" last="Skaro">Vedrana Skaro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kova Evic, Lejla" sort="Kova Evic, Lejla" uniqKey="Kova Evic L" first="Lejla" last="Kova Evic">Lejla Kova Evic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af32">Centogene AG, Rostock, 18057, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalimova, Dilbar" sort="Dalimova, Dilbar" uniqKey="Dalimova D" first="Dilbar" last="Dalimova">Dilbar Dalimova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trofimova, Natalya" sort="Trofimova, Natalya" uniqKey="Trofimova N" first="Natalya" last="Trofimova">Natalya Trofimova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhmetova, Vita" sort="Akhmetova, Vita" uniqKey="Akhmetova V" first="Vita" last="Akhmetova">Vita Akhmetova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khidiyatova, Irina" sort="Khidiyatova, Irina" uniqKey="Khidiyatova I" first="Irina" last="Khidiyatova">Irina Khidiyatova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichman, Daria V" sort="Lichman, Daria V" uniqKey="Lichman D" first="Daria V." last="Lichman">Daria V. Lichman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isakova, Jainagul" sort="Isakova, Jainagul" uniqKey="Isakova J" first="Jainagul" last="Isakova">Jainagul Isakova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af35">Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, 720040, Kyrgyzstan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" sort="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" uniqKey="Pocheshkhova E" first="Elvira" last="Pocheshkhova">Elvira Pocheshkhova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af36">Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" sort="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" uniqKey="Sabitov Z" first="Zhaxylyk" last="Sabitov">Zhaxylyk Sabitov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af37">L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af38">Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barashkov, Nikolay A" sort="Barashkov, Nikolay A" uniqKey="Barashkov N" first="Nikolay A." last="Barashkov">Nikolay A. Barashkov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" sort="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" uniqKey="Nymadawa P" first="Pagbajabyn" last="Nymadawa">Pagbajabyn Nymadawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af41">Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210620, Mongolia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" sort="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" uniqKey="Seng J" first="Joseph Wee Tien" last="Seng">Joseph Wee Tien Seng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af42">National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evseeva, Irina" sort="Evseeva, Irina" uniqKey="Evseeva I" first="Irina" last="Evseeva">Irina Evseeva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af43">Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af44">Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" sort="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" uniqKey="Migliano A" first="Andrea Bamberg" last="Migliano">Andrea Bamberg Migliano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af45">Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Syafiq" sort="Abdullah, Syafiq" uniqKey="Abdullah S" first="Syafiq" last="Abdullah">Syafiq Abdullah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af46">RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518, Brunei;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andriadze, George" sort="Andriadze, George" uniqKey="Andriadze G" first="George" last="Andriadze">George Andriadze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af47">Scientific-Research Center of the Caucasian Ethnic Groups, St. Andrews Georgian University, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af48">St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, 49210, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af49">Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af50">University of Split, Medical School, Split, 21000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atramentova, Lubov" sort="Atramentova, Lubov" uniqKey="Atramentova L" first="Lubov" last="Atramentova">Lubov Atramentova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marjanovic, Damir" sort="Marjanovic, Damir" uniqKey="Marjanovic D" first="Damir" last="Marjanovic">Damir Marjanovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af52">Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, International Burch University, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af53">Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072, Belarus;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behar, Doron M" sort="Behar, Doron M" uniqKey="Behar D" first="Doron M." last="Behar">Doron M. Behar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilissen, Christian" sort="Gilissen, Christian" uniqKey="Gilissen C" first="Christian" last="Gilissen">Christian Gilissen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vissers, Lisenka" sort="Vissers, Lisenka" uniqKey="Vissers L" first="Lisenka" last="Vissers">Lisenka Vissers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veltman, Joris A" sort="Veltman, Joris A" uniqKey="Veltman J" first="Joris A." last="Veltman">Joris A. Veltman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derenko, Miroslava" sort="Derenko, Miroslava" uniqKey="Derenko M" first="Miroslava" last="Derenko">Miroslava Derenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malyarchuk, Boris" sort="Malyarchuk, Boris" uniqKey="Malyarchuk B" first="Boris" last="Malyarchuk">Boris Malyarchuk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana" sort="Fedorova, Sardana" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana" last="Fedorova">Sardana Fedorova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af58">Integrative Systems Biology Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manica, Andrea" sort="Manica, Andrea" uniqKey="Manica A" first="Andrea" last="Manica">Andrea Manica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, Fernando L" sort="Mendez, Fernando L" uniqKey="Mendez F" first="Fernando L." last="Mendez">Fernando L. Mendez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karafet, Tatiana M" sort="Karafet, Tatiana M" uniqKey="Karafet T" first="Tatiana M." last="Karafet">Tatiana M. Karafet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veeramah, Krishna R" sort="Veeramah, Krishna R" uniqKey="Veeramah K" first="Krishna R." last="Veeramah">Krishna R. Veeramah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af61">Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af62">The Henry Stewart Group, London, WC1A 2HN, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael F" sort="Hammer, Michael F" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael F." last="Hammer">Michael F. Hammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af63">Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza K." last="Khusnutdinova">Elza K. Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnsen, Knut" sort="Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Johnsen">Knut Johnsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af64">University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsøe, N-9038, Norway;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remm, Maido" sort="Remm, Maido" uniqKey="Remm M" first="Maido" last="Remm">Maido Remm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af65">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler Smith, Chris" sort="Tyler Smith, Chris" uniqKey="Tyler Smith C" first="Chris" last="Tyler-Smith">Chris Tyler-Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underhill, Peter A" sort="Underhill, Peter A" uniqKey="Underhill P" first="Peter A." last="Underhill">Peter A. Underhill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af66">Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25770088</idno><idno type="pmc">4381518</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381518</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4381518</idno><idno type="doi">10.1101/gr.186684.114</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001846</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001846</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture</title><author><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saag, Lauri" sort="Saag, Lauri" uniqKey="Saag L" first="Lauri" last="Saag">Lauri Saag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3">Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vicente, Mario" sort="Vicente, Mario" uniqKey="Vicente M" first="Mário" last="Vicente">Mário Vicente</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" sort="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" uniqKey="Sayres M" first="Melissa A. Wilson" last="Sayres">Melissa A. Wilson Sayres</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6">School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rve, Mari" sort="J Rve, Mari" uniqKey="J Rve M" first="Mari" last="J Rve">Mari J Rve</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" sort="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" uniqKey="Talas U" first="Ulvi Gerst" last="Talas">Ulvi Gerst Talas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rootsi, Siiri" sort="Rootsi, Siiri" uniqKey="Rootsi S" first="Siiri" last="Rootsi">Siiri Rootsi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilum E, Anne Mai" sort="Ilum E, Anne Mai" uniqKey="Ilum E A" first="Anne-Mai" last="Ilum E">Anne-Mai Ilum E</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitt, Mario" sort="Mitt, Mario" uniqKey="Mitt M" first="Mario" last="Mitt">Mario Mitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af9">Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagani, Luca" sort="Pagani, Luca" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Luca" last="Pagani">Luca Pagani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puurand, Tarmo" sort="Puurand, Tarmo" uniqKey="Puurand T" first="Tarmo" last="Puurand">Tarmo Puurand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faltyskova, Zuzana" sort="Faltyskova, Zuzana" uniqKey="Faltyskova Z" first="Zuzana" last="Faltyskova">Zuzana Faltyskova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clemente, Florian" sort="Clemente, Florian" uniqKey="Clemente F" first="Florian" last="Clemente">Florian Clemente</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona, Alexia" sort="Cardona, Alexia" uniqKey="Cardona A" first="Alexia" last="Cardona">Alexia Cardona</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" sort="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" uniqKey="Yunusbayev B" first="Bayazit" last="Yunusbayev">Bayazit Yunusbayev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hudjashov, Georgi" sort="Hudjashov, Georgi" uniqKey="Hudjashov G" first="Georgi" last="Hudjashov">Georgi Hudjashov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af12">Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degiorgio, Michael" sort="Degiorgio, Michael" uniqKey="Degiorgio M" first="Michael" last="Degiorgio">Michael Degiorgio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af13">Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" sort="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" uniqKey="Loogv Li E" first="Eva-Liis" last="Loogv Li">Eva-Liis Loogv Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichstaedt, Christina" sort="Eichstaedt, Christina" uniqKey="Eichstaedt C" first="Christina" last="Eichstaedt">Christina Eichstaedt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eelmets, Mikk" sort="Eelmets, Mikk" uniqKey="Eelmets M" first="Mikk" last="Eelmets">Mikk Eelmets</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" sort="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" uniqKey="Chaubey G" first="Gyaneshwer" last="Chaubey">Gyaneshwer Chaubey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambets, Kristiina" sort="Tambets, Kristiina" uniqKey="Tambets K" first="Kristiina" last="Tambets">Kristiina Tambets</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergei" sort="Litvinov, Sergei" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergei" last="Litvinov">Sergei Litvinov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mormina, Maru" sort="Mormina, Maru" uniqKey="Mormina M" first="Maru" last="Mormina">Maru Mormina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af14">Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Yali" sort="Xue, Yali" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yali" last="Xue">Yali Xue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayub, Qasim" sort="Ayub, Qasim" uniqKey="Ayub Q" first="Qasim" last="Ayub">Qasim Ayub</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zoraqi, Grigor" sort="Zoraqi, Grigor" uniqKey="Zoraqi G" first="Grigor" last="Zoraqi">Grigor Zoraqi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af16">Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Research, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, ALB1005, Albania;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" sort="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" uniqKey="Korneliussen T" first="Thorfinn Sand" last="Korneliussen">Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhatova, Farida" sort="Akhatova, Farida" uniqKey="Akhatova F" first="Farida" last="Akhatova">Farida Akhatova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af19">Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lachance, Joseph" sort="Lachance, Joseph" uniqKey="Lachance J" first="Joseph" last="Lachance">Joseph Lachance</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af21">School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah" last="Tishkoff">Sarah Tishkoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af22">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6313, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Momynaliev, Kuvat" sort="Momynaliev, Kuvat" uniqKey="Momynaliev K" first="Kuvat" last="Momynaliev">Kuvat Momynaliev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af23">DNcode Laboratories, Moscow, 119992, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" sort="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Ricaut F" first="François-Xavier" last="Ricaut">François-Xavier Ricaut</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" sort="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" uniqKey="Kusuma P" first="Pradiptajati" last="Kusuma">Pradiptajati Kusuma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af25">Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" sort="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" uniqKey="Razafindrazaka H" first="Harilanto" last="Razafindrazaka">Harilanto Razafindrazaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierron, Denis" sort="Pierron, Denis" uniqKey="Pierron D" first="Denis" last="Pierron">Denis Pierron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Murray P" sort="Cox, Murray P" uniqKey="Cox M" first="Murray P." last="Cox">Murray P. Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af26">Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" sort="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" uniqKey="Sultana G" first="Gazi Nurun Nahar" last="Sultana">Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af27">Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), DNA Sequencing Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Rane" sort="Willerslev, Rane" uniqKey="Willerslev R" first="Rane" last="Willerslev">Rane Willerslev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af28">Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Craig" sort="Muller, Craig" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Craig" last="Muller">Craig Muller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westaway, Michael" sort="Westaway, Michael" uniqKey="Westaway M" first="Michael" last="Westaway">Michael Westaway</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, David" sort="Lambert, David" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David" last="Lambert">David Lambert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skaro, Vedrana" sort="Skaro, Vedrana" uniqKey="Skaro V" first="Vedrana" last="Skaro">Vedrana Skaro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kova Evic, Lejla" sort="Kova Evic, Lejla" uniqKey="Kova Evic L" first="Lejla" last="Kova Evic">Lejla Kova Evic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af32">Centogene AG, Rostock, 18057, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalimova, Dilbar" sort="Dalimova, Dilbar" uniqKey="Dalimova D" first="Dilbar" last="Dalimova">Dilbar Dalimova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trofimova, Natalya" sort="Trofimova, Natalya" uniqKey="Trofimova N" first="Natalya" last="Trofimova">Natalya Trofimova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhmetova, Vita" sort="Akhmetova, Vita" uniqKey="Akhmetova V" first="Vita" last="Akhmetova">Vita Akhmetova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khidiyatova, Irina" sort="Khidiyatova, Irina" uniqKey="Khidiyatova I" first="Irina" last="Khidiyatova">Irina Khidiyatova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichman, Daria V" sort="Lichman, Daria V" uniqKey="Lichman D" first="Daria V." last="Lichman">Daria V. Lichman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isakova, Jainagul" sort="Isakova, Jainagul" uniqKey="Isakova J" first="Jainagul" last="Isakova">Jainagul Isakova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af35">Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, 720040, Kyrgyzstan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" sort="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" uniqKey="Pocheshkhova E" first="Elvira" last="Pocheshkhova">Elvira Pocheshkhova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af36">Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" sort="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" uniqKey="Sabitov Z" first="Zhaxylyk" last="Sabitov">Zhaxylyk Sabitov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af37">L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af38">Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barashkov, Nikolay A" sort="Barashkov, Nikolay A" uniqKey="Barashkov N" first="Nikolay A." last="Barashkov">Nikolay A. Barashkov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" sort="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" uniqKey="Nymadawa P" first="Pagbajabyn" last="Nymadawa">Pagbajabyn Nymadawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af41">Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210620, Mongolia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" sort="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" uniqKey="Seng J" first="Joseph Wee Tien" last="Seng">Joseph Wee Tien Seng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af42">National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evseeva, Irina" sort="Evseeva, Irina" uniqKey="Evseeva I" first="Irina" last="Evseeva">Irina Evseeva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af43">Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af44">Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" sort="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" uniqKey="Migliano A" first="Andrea Bamberg" last="Migliano">Andrea Bamberg Migliano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af45">Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Syafiq" sort="Abdullah, Syafiq" uniqKey="Abdullah S" first="Syafiq" last="Abdullah">Syafiq Abdullah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af46">RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518, Brunei;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andriadze, George" sort="Andriadze, George" uniqKey="Andriadze G" first="George" last="Andriadze">George Andriadze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af47">Scientific-Research Center of the Caucasian Ethnic Groups, St. Andrews Georgian University, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af48">St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, 49210, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af49">Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af50">University of Split, Medical School, Split, 21000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atramentova, Lubov" sort="Atramentova, Lubov" uniqKey="Atramentova L" first="Lubov" last="Atramentova">Lubov Atramentova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marjanovic, Damir" sort="Marjanovic, Damir" uniqKey="Marjanovic D" first="Damir" last="Marjanovic">Damir Marjanovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af52">Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, International Burch University, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af53">Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072, Belarus;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behar, Doron M" sort="Behar, Doron M" uniqKey="Behar D" first="Doron M." last="Behar">Doron M. Behar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilissen, Christian" sort="Gilissen, Christian" uniqKey="Gilissen C" first="Christian" last="Gilissen">Christian Gilissen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vissers, Lisenka" sort="Vissers, Lisenka" uniqKey="Vissers L" first="Lisenka" last="Vissers">Lisenka Vissers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veltman, Joris A" sort="Veltman, Joris A" uniqKey="Veltman J" first="Joris A." last="Veltman">Joris A. Veltman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derenko, Miroslava" sort="Derenko, Miroslava" uniqKey="Derenko M" first="Miroslava" last="Derenko">Miroslava Derenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malyarchuk, Boris" sort="Malyarchuk, Boris" uniqKey="Malyarchuk B" first="Boris" last="Malyarchuk">Boris Malyarchuk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana" sort="Fedorova, Sardana" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana" last="Fedorova">Sardana Fedorova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af58">Integrative Systems Biology Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manica, Andrea" sort="Manica, Andrea" uniqKey="Manica A" first="Andrea" last="Manica">Andrea Manica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, Fernando L" sort="Mendez, Fernando L" uniqKey="Mendez F" first="Fernando L." last="Mendez">Fernando L. Mendez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karafet, Tatiana M" sort="Karafet, Tatiana M" uniqKey="Karafet T" first="Tatiana M." last="Karafet">Tatiana M. Karafet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veeramah, Krishna R" sort="Veeramah, Krishna R" uniqKey="Veeramah K" first="Krishna R." last="Veeramah">Krishna R. Veeramah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af61">Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af62">The Henry Stewart Group, London, WC1A 2HN, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael F" sort="Hammer, Michael F" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael F." last="Hammer">Michael F. Hammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af63">Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza K." last="Khusnutdinova">Elza K. Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnsen, Knut" sort="Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Johnsen">Knut Johnsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af64">University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsøe, N-9038, Norway;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remm, Maido" sort="Remm, Maido" uniqKey="Remm M" first="Maido" last="Remm">Maido Remm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af65">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler Smith, Chris" sort="Tyler Smith, Chris" uniqKey="Tyler Smith C" first="Chris" last="Tyler-Smith">Chris Tyler-Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underhill, Peter A" sort="Underhill, Peter A" uniqKey="Underhill P" first="Peter A." last="Underhill">Peter A. Underhill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af66">Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Genome Research</title><idno type="ISSN">1088-9051</idno><idno type="eISSN">1549-5469</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Genome Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Genome Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">genome</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">genome</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">GENOME</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Genome Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1088-9051</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1549-5469</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25770088</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4381518</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="medline">9518021</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1101/gr.186684.114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">Karmin et al.</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Karmin</surname><given-names>Monika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saag</surname><given-names>Lauri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vicente</surname><given-names>Mário</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sayres</surname><given-names>Melissa A. 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rid="af59">59</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willerslev</surname><given-names>Eske</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nielsen</surname><given-names>Rasmus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metspalu</surname><given-names>Mait</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Villems</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af66">66</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Kivisild</surname><given-names>Toomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">67</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label>1</label>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</aff><aff id="af2"><label>2</label>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</aff><aff id="af3"><label>3</label>Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</aff><aff id="af4"><label>4</label>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af5"><label>5</label>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</aff><aff id="af6"><label>6</label>School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, USA;</aff><aff id="af7"><label>7</label>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</aff><aff id="af8"><label>8</label>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</aff><aff id="af9"><label>9</label>Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</aff><aff id="af10"><label>10</label>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</aff><aff id="af11"><label>11</label>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</aff><aff id="af12"><label>12</label>Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand;</aff><aff id="af13"><label>13</label>Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</aff><aff id="af14"><label>14</label>Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af15"><label>15</label>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af16"><label>16</label>Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Research, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, ALB1005, Albania;</aff><aff id="af17"><label>17</label>Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</aff><aff id="af18"><label>18</label>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</aff><aff id="af19"><label>19</label>Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia;</aff><aff id="af20"><label>20</label>Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</aff><aff id="af21"><label>21</label>School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia, USA;</aff><aff id="af22"><label>22</label>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6313, USA;</aff><aff id="af23"><label>23</label>DNcode Laboratories, Moscow, 119992, Russia;</aff><aff id="af24"><label>24</label>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</aff><aff id="af25"><label>25</label>Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia;</aff><aff id="af26"><label>26</label>Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand;</aff><aff id="af27"><label>27</label>Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), DNA Sequencing Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;</aff><aff id="af28"><label>28</label>Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark;</aff><aff id="af29"><label>29</label>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</aff><aff id="af30"><label>30</label>Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</aff><aff id="af31"><label>31</label>University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</aff><aff id="af32"><label>32</label>Centogene AG, Rostock, 18057, Germany;</aff><aff id="af33"><label>33</label>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</aff><aff id="af34"><label>34</label>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</aff><aff id="af35"><label>35</label>Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, 720040, Kyrgyzstan;</aff><aff id="af36"><label>36</label>Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia;</aff><aff id="af37"><label>37</label>L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan;</aff><aff id="af38"><label>38</label>Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan;</aff><aff id="af39"><label>39</label>Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</aff><aff id="af40"><label>40</label>Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</aff><aff id="af41"><label>41</label>Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210620, Mongolia;</aff><aff id="af42"><label>42</label>National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore;</aff><aff id="af43"><label>43</label>Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia;</aff><aff id="af44"><label>44</label>Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af45"><label>45</label>Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af46"><label>46</label>RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518, Brunei;</aff><aff id="af47"><label>47</label>Scientific-Research Center of the Caucasian Ethnic Groups, St. Andrews Georgian University, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia;</aff><aff id="af48"><label>48</label>St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, 49210, Croatia;</aff><aff id="af49"><label>49</label>Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</aff><aff id="af50"><label>50</label>University of Split, Medical School, Split, 21000, Croatia;</aff><aff id="af51"><label>51</label>V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</aff><aff id="af52"><label>52</label>Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, International Burch University, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina;</aff><aff id="af53"><label>53</label>Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072, Belarus;</aff><aff id="af54"><label>54</label>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</aff><aff id="af55"><label>55</label>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</aff><aff id="af56"><label>56</label>Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</aff><aff id="af57"><label>57</label>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af58"><label>58</label>Integrative Systems Biology Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;</aff><aff id="af59"><label>59</label>Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</aff><aff id="af60"><label>60</label>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</aff><aff id="af61"><label>61</label>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA;</aff><aff id="af62"><label>62</label>The Henry Stewart Group, London, WC1A 2HN, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af63"><label>63</label>Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia;</aff><aff id="af64"><label>64</label>University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsøe, N-9038, Norway;</aff><aff id="af65"><label>65</label>Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="af66"><label>66</label>Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia</aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="equal" id="FN1"><label>67</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><corresp>Corresponding authors: <email>tk331@cam.ac.uk</email>, <email>monika.karmin@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>459</fpage><lpage>466</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml">© 2015 Karmin et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</ext-link></copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><license-p>This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml">http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml</ext-link>). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="459.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group id="funding-1"><funding-source>Estonian and European Research (infrastructure) Roadmap</funding-source><award-id>3.2.0304.11-0312</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-2"><funding-source>Estonian Biocentre and Estonian Institutional Research</funding-source><award-id>IUT24-1</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-3"><funding-source>Estonian Science Foundation <named-content content-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001837</named-content></funding-source><award-id>8973</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-4"><funding-source>Estonian Research Council <named-content content-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002301</named-content></funding-source><award-id>PUT766</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-5"><funding-source>Russian Federation President</funding-source><award-id>MK-2845.2014.4</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-6"><funding-source>ERC Starting Investigator</funding-source><award-id>FP7-261213</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-7"><funding-source>Estonian Centre of Excellence in Genomics</funding-source><award-id>3.2.0101.08-0011</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-8"><funding-source>Estonian Ministry of Education and Research</funding-source><award-id>SF0180026s09</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-9"><funding-source>Centre of Translational Genomics of the University of Tartu <named-content content-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004783</named-content></funding-source><award-id>SP1GVARENG</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-10"><funding-source>Estonian Ministry of Education and Research</funding-source><award-id>SF0180026s09</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-11"><funding-source>Russian Foundation for Basic Research <named-content content-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002261</named-content></funding-source><award-id>14-04-00725-a</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-12"><funding-source>Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation</funding-source><award-id>13-11-02014</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-13"><funding-source>Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences <named-content content-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002674</named-content></funding-source><award-id>12-I-P30-12</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-14"><funding-source>Russian Science Foundation</funding-source><award-id>14-14-00827</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-15"><funding-source>Wellcome Trust <named-content content-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440</named-content></funding-source><award-id>098051</award-id></award-group><award-group id="funding-16"><funding-source>Leverhulme Program <named-content content-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275</named-content></funding-source><award-id>RP2011-R-045</award-id></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="8"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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