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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Multicenter Study of Method-Dependent Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Detection of Resistance in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> spp. and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> spp. to Amphotericin B and Echinocandins for the Etest Agar Diffusion Method</title><author><name sortKey="Espinel Ingroff, A" sort="Espinel Ingroff, A" uniqKey="Espinel Ingroff A" first="A." last="Espinel-Ingroff">A. Espinel-Ingroff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arendrup, M" sort="Arendrup, M" uniqKey="Arendrup M" first="M." last="Arendrup">M. Arendrup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Unit for Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cant N, E" sort="Cant N, E" uniqKey="Cant N E" first="E." last="Cant N">E. Cant N</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Grupo Infección Grave, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cordoba, S" sort="Cordoba, S" uniqKey="Cordoba S" first="S." last="Cordoba">S. Cordoba</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. C. G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dannaoui, E" sort="Dannaoui, E" uniqKey="Dannaoui E" first="E." last="Dannaoui">E. Dannaoui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Rodriguez, J" sort="Garcia Rodriguez, J" uniqKey="Garcia Rodriguez J" first="J." last="García-Rodríguez">J. García-Rodríguez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, G M" sort="Gonzalez, G M" uniqKey="Gonzalez G" first="G. M." last="Gonzalez">G. M. Gonzalez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govender, N P" sort="Govender, N P" uniqKey="Govender N" first="N. P." last="Govender">N. P. Govender</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin Mazuelos, E" sort="Martin Mazuelos, E" uniqKey="Martin Mazuelos E" first="E." last="Martin-Mazuelos">E. Martin-Mazuelos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Valme, Seville, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lackner, M" sort="Lackner, M" uniqKey="Lackner M" first="M." last="Lackner">M. Lackner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lass Florl, C" sort="Lass Florl, C" uniqKey="Lass Florl C" first="C." last="Lass-Flörl">C. Lass-Flörl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linares Sicilia, M J" sort="Linares Sicilia, M J" uniqKey="Linares Sicilia M" first="M. J." last="Linares Sicilia">M. J. Linares Sicilia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, H. U. Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Iglesias, M A" sort="Rodriguez Iglesias, M A" uniqKey="Rodriguez Iglesias M" first="M. A." last="Rodriguez-Iglesias">M. A. Rodriguez-Iglesias</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pelaez, T" sort="Pelaez, T" uniqKey="Pelaez T" first="T." last="Pelaez">T. Pelaez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, R K" sort="Shields, R K" uniqKey="Shields R" first="R. K." last="Shields">R. K. Shields</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Effron, G" sort="Garcia Effron, G" uniqKey="Garcia Effron G" first="G." last="Garcia-Effron">G. Garcia-Effron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular-Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CCT, Santa Fe, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinea, J" sort="Guinea, J" uniqKey="Guinea J" first="J." last="Guinea">J. Guinea</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas-VIH, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanguinetti, M" sort="Sanguinetti, M" uniqKey="Sanguinetti M" first="M." last="Sanguinetti">M. Sanguinetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Microbiology and Institute of Hygiene, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turnidge, J" sort="Turnidge, J" uniqKey="Turnidge J" first="J." last="Turnidge">J. Turnidge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27799206</idno><idno type="pmc">5192158</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5192158</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5192158</idno><idno type="doi">10.1128/AAC.01792-16</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001747</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001747</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Multicenter Study of Method-Dependent Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Detection of Resistance in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> spp. and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> spp. to Amphotericin B and Echinocandins for the Etest Agar Diffusion Method</title><author><name sortKey="Espinel Ingroff, A" sort="Espinel Ingroff, A" uniqKey="Espinel Ingroff A" first="A." last="Espinel-Ingroff">A. Espinel-Ingroff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arendrup, M" sort="Arendrup, M" uniqKey="Arendrup M" first="M." last="Arendrup">M. Arendrup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Unit for Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cant N, E" sort="Cant N, E" uniqKey="Cant N E" first="E." last="Cant N">E. Cant N</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Grupo Infección Grave, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cordoba, S" sort="Cordoba, S" uniqKey="Cordoba S" first="S." last="Cordoba">S. Cordoba</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. C. G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dannaoui, E" sort="Dannaoui, E" uniqKey="Dannaoui E" first="E." last="Dannaoui">E. Dannaoui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Rodriguez, J" sort="Garcia Rodriguez, J" uniqKey="Garcia Rodriguez J" first="J." last="García-Rodríguez">J. García-Rodríguez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, G M" sort="Gonzalez, G M" uniqKey="Gonzalez G" first="G. M." last="Gonzalez">G. M. Gonzalez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govender, N P" sort="Govender, N P" uniqKey="Govender N" first="N. P." last="Govender">N. P. Govender</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin Mazuelos, E" sort="Martin Mazuelos, E" uniqKey="Martin Mazuelos E" first="E." last="Martin-Mazuelos">E. Martin-Mazuelos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Valme, Seville, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lackner, M" sort="Lackner, M" uniqKey="Lackner M" first="M." last="Lackner">M. Lackner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lass Florl, C" sort="Lass Florl, C" uniqKey="Lass Florl C" first="C." last="Lass-Flörl">C. Lass-Flörl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linares Sicilia, M J" sort="Linares Sicilia, M J" uniqKey="Linares Sicilia M" first="M. J." last="Linares Sicilia">M. J. Linares Sicilia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, H. U. Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Iglesias, M A" sort="Rodriguez Iglesias, M A" uniqKey="Rodriguez Iglesias M" first="M. A." last="Rodriguez-Iglesias">M. A. Rodriguez-Iglesias</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pelaez, T" sort="Pelaez, T" uniqKey="Pelaez T" first="T." last="Pelaez">T. Pelaez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, R K" sort="Shields, R K" uniqKey="Shields R" first="R. K." last="Shields">R. K. Shields</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Effron, G" sort="Garcia Effron, G" uniqKey="Garcia Effron G" first="G." last="Garcia-Effron">G. Garcia-Effron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular-Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CCT, Santa Fe, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinea, J" sort="Guinea, J" uniqKey="Guinea J" first="J." last="Guinea">J. Guinea</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas-VIH, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanguinetti, M" sort="Sanguinetti, M" uniqKey="Sanguinetti M" first="M." last="Sanguinetti">M. Sanguinetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Microbiology and Institute of Hygiene, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turnidge, J" sort="Turnidge, J" uniqKey="Turnidge J" first="J." last="Turnidge">J. Turnidge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy</title><idno type="ISSN">0066-4804</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-6596</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Method-dependent Etest epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) are not available for susceptibility testing of either <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> or <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> species with amphotericin B or echinocandins. In addition, reference caspofungin MICs for <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> spp. are unreliable. <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> species wild-type (WT) Etest MIC distributions (microorganisms in a species-drug combination with no detectable phenotypic resistance) were established for 4,341 <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>, 113 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. dubliniensis</named-content>, 1,683 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. glabrata</named-content> species complex (SC), 709 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. krusei</named-content>, 767 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. parapsilosis</named-content> SC, 796 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. tropicalis</named-content>, 1,637 <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content> SC, 238 <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. flavus</named-content> SC, 321 <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. niger</named-content> SC, and 247 <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. terreus</named-content> SC isolates. Etest MICs from 15 laboratories (in Argentina, Europe, Mexico, South Africa, and the United States) were pooled to establish Etest ECVs. Anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, and amphotericin B ECVs (in micrograms per milliliter) encompassing ≥97.5% of the statistically modeled population were 0.016, 0.5, 0.03, and 1 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. albicans</named-content>; 0.03, 1, 0.03, and 2 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. glabrata</named-content> SC; 0.06, 1, 0.25, and 4 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. krusei</named-content>; 8, 4, 2, and 2 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. parapsilosis</named-content> SC; and 0.03, 1, 0.12, and 2 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. tropicalis</named-content>. The amphotericin B ECV was 0.25 μg/ml for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. dubliniensis</named-content> and 2, 8, 2, and 16 μg/ml for the complexes of <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. fumigatus</named-content>, <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. flavus</named-content>, <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. niger</named-content>, and <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. terreus</named-content>, respectively. While anidulafungin Etest ECVs classified 92% of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida fks</named-content> mutants evaluated as non-WT, the performance was lower for caspofungin (75%) and micafungin (84%) cutoffs. Finally, although anidulafungin (as an echinocandin surrogate susceptibility marker) and amphotericin B ECVs should identify <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> isolates with reduced susceptibility to these agents using the Etest, these ECVs will not categorize a fungal isolate as susceptible or resistant, as breakpoints do.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Antimicrob Agents Chemother</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Antimicrob. Agents Chemother</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">aac</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">aac</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AAC</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0066-4804</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-6596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name><publisher-loc>1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27799206</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5192158</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">01792-16</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/AAC.01792-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Susceptibility</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Multicenter Study of Method-Dependent Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Detection of Resistance in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> spp. and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> spp. to Amphotericin B and Echinocandins for the Etest Agar Diffusion Method</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Etest ECVs for Echinocandin Resistance</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short-authors">Espinel-Ingroff et al.</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Espinel-Ingroff</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arendrup</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cantón</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cordoba</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-3830</contrib-id><name><surname>Dannaoui</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>García-Rodríguez</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gonzalez</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-9462</contrib-id><name><surname>Govender</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin-Mazuelos</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lackner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lass-Flörl</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Linares Sicilia</surname><given-names>M. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>k</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rodriguez-Iglesias</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pelaez</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>m</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shields</surname><given-names>R. K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garcia-Effron</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-8355</contrib-id><name><surname>Guinea</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanguinetti</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>q</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turnidge</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>r</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Unit for Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Grupo Infección Grave, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. C. G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>f</label>Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>g</label>Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>h</label>National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff><aff id="aff9"><label>i</label>Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Valme, Seville, Spain</aff><aff id="aff10"><label>j</label>Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</aff><aff id="aff11"><label>k</label>Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, H. U. Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain</aff><aff id="aff12"><label>l</label>Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain</aff><aff id="aff13"><label>m</label>Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain</aff><aff id="aff14"><label>n</label>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA</aff><aff id="aff15"><label>o</label>Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular-Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CCT, Santa Fe, Argentina</aff><aff id="aff16"><label>p</label>Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas-VIH, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="aff17"><label>q</label>Institute of Microbiology and Institute of Hygiene, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy</aff><aff id="aff18"><label>r</label>University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to A. Espinel-Ingroff, <email>avingrof@vcu.edu</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Citation</bold> Espinel-Ingroff A, Arendrup M, Cantón E, Cordoba S, Dannaoui E, García-Rodríguez J, Gonzalez GM, Govender NP, Martin-Mazuelos E, Lackner M, Lass-Flörl C, Linares Sicilia MJ, Rodriguez-Iglesias MA, Pelaez T, Shields RK, Garcia-Effron G, Guinea J, Sanguinetti M, Turnidge J. 2017. Multicenter study of method-dependent epidemiological cutoff values for detection of resistance in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> spp. and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> spp. to amphotericin B and echinocandins for the Etest agar diffusion method. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61:e01792-16. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01792-16">https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01792-16</ext-link>.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epreprint"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>1</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>e01792-16</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-request"><day>28</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 American Society for Microbiology.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>American Society for Microbiology</copyright-holder><license license-type="asm" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1128/ASMCopyrightv1"><license-p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1128/ASMCopyrightv1">All Rights Reserved</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="zac001175813001.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Method-dependent Etest epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) are not available for susceptibility testing of either <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> or <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> species with amphotericin B or echinocandins. In addition, reference caspofungin MICs for <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> spp. are unreliable. <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> species wild-type (WT) Etest MIC distributions (microorganisms in a species-drug combination with no detectable phenotypic resistance) were established for 4,341 <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>, 113 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. dubliniensis</named-content>, 1,683 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. glabrata</named-content> species complex (SC), 709 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. krusei</named-content>, 767 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. parapsilosis</named-content> SC, 796 <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. tropicalis</named-content>, 1,637 <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content> SC, 238 <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. flavus</named-content> SC, 321 <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. niger</named-content> SC, and 247 <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. terreus</named-content> SC isolates. Etest MICs from 15 laboratories (in Argentina, Europe, Mexico, South Africa, and the United States) were pooled to establish Etest ECVs. Anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, and amphotericin B ECVs (in micrograms per milliliter) encompassing ≥97.5% of the statistically modeled population were 0.016, 0.5, 0.03, and 1 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. albicans</named-content>; 0.03, 1, 0.03, and 2 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. glabrata</named-content> SC; 0.06, 1, 0.25, and 4 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. krusei</named-content>; 8, 4, 2, and 2 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. parapsilosis</named-content> SC; and 0.03, 1, 0.12, and 2 for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. tropicalis</named-content>. The amphotericin B ECV was 0.25 μg/ml for <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. dubliniensis</named-content> and 2, 8, 2, and 16 μg/ml for the complexes of <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. fumigatus</named-content>, <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. flavus</named-content>, <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. niger</named-content>, and <named-content content-type="genus-species">A. terreus</named-content>, respectively. While anidulafungin Etest ECVs classified 92% of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida fks</named-content> mutants evaluated as non-WT, the performance was lower for caspofungin (75%) and micafungin (84%) cutoffs. Finally, although anidulafungin (as an echinocandin surrogate susceptibility marker) and amphotericin B ECVs should identify <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida</named-content> and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus</named-content> isolates with reduced susceptibility to these agents using the Etest, these ECVs will not categorize a fungal isolate as susceptible or resistant, as breakpoints do.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>KEYWORDS</title><kwd>ECVs</kwd><kwd>Etest ECVs</kwd><kwd>Etest MICs Candida</kwd><kwd>Etest MICs Aspergillus</kwd><kwd>WT isolates</kwd><kwd>amphotericin B resistance</kwd><kwd>antifungal resistance</kwd><kwd>echinocandin resistance</kwd><kwd>non-WT</kwd><kwd>susceptibility marker</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="4"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="47"></ref-count><page-count count="10"></page-count><word-count count="8052"></word-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>cover-date</meta-name><meta-value>January 2017</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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