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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (Panc4)</title><author><name sortKey="Bosetti, C" sort="Bosetti, C" uniqKey="Bosetti C" first="C." last="Bosetti">C. Bosetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff2">Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucenteforte, E" sort="Lucenteforte, E" uniqKey="Lucenteforte E" first="E." last="Lucenteforte">E. Lucenteforte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff3">Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff4">Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology “Mario Aiazzi Mancini”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, D T" sort="Silverman, D T" uniqKey="Silverman D" first="D. T." last="Silverman">D. T. Silverman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff5">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, G" sort="Petersen, G" uniqKey="Petersen G" first="G." last="Petersen">G. Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff6">Mayo Clinic, Rochester</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bracci, P M" sort="Bracci, P M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="P. M." last="Bracci">P. M. Bracci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff7">University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ji, B T" sort="Ji, B T" uniqKey="Ji B" first="B. T." last="Ji">B. T. Ji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff5">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negri, E" sort="Negri, E" uniqKey="Negri E" first="E." last="Negri">E. Negri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, D" sort="Li, D" uniqKey="Li D" first="D." last="Li">D. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff8">The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Risch, H A" sort="Risch, H A" uniqKey="Risch H" first="H. A." last="Risch">H. A. Risch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff9">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, S H" sort="Olson, S H" uniqKey="Olson S" first="S. H." last="Olson">S. H. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff10">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallinger, S" sort="Gallinger, S" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="S." last="Gallinger">S. Gallinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff11">Toronto General Hospital, Toronto</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, A B" sort="Miller, A B" uniqKey="Miller A" first="A. B." last="Miller">A. B. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff12">Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, H B" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, H B" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita H" first="H. B." last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff13">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff14">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talamini, R" sort="Talamini, R" uniqKey="Talamini R" first="R." last="Talamini">R. Talamini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff15">Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico—National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polesel, J" sort="Polesel, J" uniqKey="Polesel J" first="J." last="Polesel">J. Polesel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff15">Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico—National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghadirian, P" sort="Ghadirian, P" uniqKey="Ghadirian P" first="P." last="Ghadirian">P. Ghadirian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff16">Epidemiology Research Unit, Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baghurst, P A" sort="Baghurst, P A" uniqKey="Baghurst P" first="P. A." last="Baghurst">P. A. Baghurst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff17">Public Health, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zatonski, W" sort="Zatonski, W" uniqKey="Zatonski W" first="W." last="Zatonski">W. Zatonski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff18">Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontham, E" sort="Fontham, E" uniqKey="Fontham E" first="E." last="Fontham">E. Fontham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff19">Louisiana State University School of Public Health, New Orleans, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bamlet, W R" sort="Bamlet, W R" uniqKey="Bamlet W" first="W. R." last="Bamlet">W. R. Bamlet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff6">Mayo Clinic, Rochester</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holly, E A" sort="Holly, E A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="E. A." last="Holly">E. A. Holly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff7">University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertuccio, P" sort="Bertuccio, P" uniqKey="Bertuccio P" first="P." last="Bertuccio">P. Bertuccio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff3">Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Y T" sort="Gao, Y T" uniqKey="Gao Y" first="Y. T." last="Gao">Y. T. Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff20">Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, M" sort="Hassan, M" uniqKey="Hassan M" first="M." last="Hassan">M. Hassan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff8">The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, H" sort="Yu, H" uniqKey="Yu H" first="H." last="Yu">H. Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff10">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtz, R C" sort="Kurtz, R C" uniqKey="Kurtz R" first="R. C." last="Kurtz">R. C. Kurtz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff21">Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cotterchio, M" sort="Cotterchio, M" uniqKey="Cotterchio M" first="M." last="Cotterchio">M. Cotterchio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff12">Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff22">Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, J" sort="Su, J" uniqKey="Su J" first="J." last="Su">J. Su</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff5">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maisonneuve, P" sort="Maisonneuve, P" uniqKey="Maisonneuve P" first="P." last="Maisonneuve">P. Maisonneuve</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff23">European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duell, E J" sort="Duell, E J" uniqKey="Duell E" first="E. J." last="Duell">E. J. Duell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff24">Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boffetta, P" sort="Boffetta, P" uniqKey="Boffetta P" first="P." last="Boffetta">P. Boffetta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff25">The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff26">International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Vecchia, C" sort="La Vecchia, C" uniqKey="La Vecchia C" first="C." last="La Vecchia">C. La Vecchia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff3">Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff26">International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22104574</idno><idno type="pmc">3387822</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387822</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3387822</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/annonc/mdr541</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001735</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001735</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (Panc4)</title><author><name sortKey="Bosetti, C" sort="Bosetti, C" uniqKey="Bosetti C" first="C." last="Bosetti">C. Bosetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff2">Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucenteforte, E" sort="Lucenteforte, E" uniqKey="Lucenteforte E" first="E." last="Lucenteforte">E. Lucenteforte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff3">Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff4">Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology “Mario Aiazzi Mancini”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, D T" sort="Silverman, D T" uniqKey="Silverman D" first="D. T." last="Silverman">D. T. Silverman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff5">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, G" sort="Petersen, G" uniqKey="Petersen G" first="G." last="Petersen">G. Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff6">Mayo Clinic, Rochester</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bracci, P M" sort="Bracci, P M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="P. M." last="Bracci">P. M. Bracci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff7">University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ji, B T" sort="Ji, B T" uniqKey="Ji B" first="B. T." last="Ji">B. T. Ji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff5">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negri, E" sort="Negri, E" uniqKey="Negri E" first="E." last="Negri">E. Negri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, D" sort="Li, D" uniqKey="Li D" first="D." last="Li">D. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff8">The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Risch, H A" sort="Risch, H A" uniqKey="Risch H" first="H. A." last="Risch">H. A. Risch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff9">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, S H" sort="Olson, S H" uniqKey="Olson S" first="S. H." last="Olson">S. H. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff10">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallinger, S" sort="Gallinger, S" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="S." last="Gallinger">S. Gallinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff11">Toronto General Hospital, Toronto</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, A B" sort="Miller, A B" uniqKey="Miller A" first="A. B." last="Miller">A. B. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff12">Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, H B" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, H B" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita H" first="H. B." last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff13">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff14">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talamini, R" sort="Talamini, R" uniqKey="Talamini R" first="R." last="Talamini">R. Talamini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff15">Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico—National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polesel, J" sort="Polesel, J" uniqKey="Polesel J" first="J." last="Polesel">J. Polesel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff15">Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico—National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghadirian, P" sort="Ghadirian, P" uniqKey="Ghadirian P" first="P." last="Ghadirian">P. Ghadirian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff16">Epidemiology Research Unit, Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baghurst, P A" sort="Baghurst, P A" uniqKey="Baghurst P" first="P. A." last="Baghurst">P. A. Baghurst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff17">Public Health, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zatonski, W" sort="Zatonski, W" uniqKey="Zatonski W" first="W." last="Zatonski">W. Zatonski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff18">Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontham, E" sort="Fontham, E" uniqKey="Fontham E" first="E." last="Fontham">E. Fontham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff19">Louisiana State University School of Public Health, New Orleans, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bamlet, W R" sort="Bamlet, W R" uniqKey="Bamlet W" first="W. R." last="Bamlet">W. R. Bamlet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff6">Mayo Clinic, Rochester</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holly, E A" sort="Holly, E A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="E. A." last="Holly">E. A. Holly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff7">University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertuccio, P" sort="Bertuccio, P" uniqKey="Bertuccio P" first="P." last="Bertuccio">P. Bertuccio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff3">Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Y T" sort="Gao, Y T" uniqKey="Gao Y" first="Y. T." last="Gao">Y. T. Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff20">Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, M" sort="Hassan, M" uniqKey="Hassan M" first="M." last="Hassan">M. Hassan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff8">The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, H" sort="Yu, H" uniqKey="Yu H" first="H." last="Yu">H. Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff10">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtz, R C" sort="Kurtz, R C" uniqKey="Kurtz R" first="R. C." last="Kurtz">R. C. Kurtz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff21">Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cotterchio, M" sort="Cotterchio, M" uniqKey="Cotterchio M" first="M." last="Cotterchio">M. Cotterchio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff12">Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff22">Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, J" sort="Su, J" uniqKey="Su J" first="J." last="Su">J. Su</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff5">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maisonneuve, P" sort="Maisonneuve, P" uniqKey="Maisonneuve P" first="P." last="Maisonneuve">P. Maisonneuve</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff23">European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duell, E J" sort="Duell, E J" uniqKey="Duell E" first="E. J." last="Duell">E. J. Duell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff24">Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boffetta, P" sort="Boffetta, P" uniqKey="Boffetta P" first="P." last="Boffetta">P. Boffetta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff25">The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff26">International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Vecchia, C" sort="La Vecchia, C" uniqKey="La Vecchia C" first="C." last="La Vecchia">C. La Vecchia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff1">Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff3">Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="mdr541_aff26">International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Annals of Oncology</title><idno type="ISSN">0923-7534</idno><idno type="eISSN">1569-8041</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>To evaluate the dose–response relationship between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer and to examine the effects of temporal variables.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We analyzed data from 12 case–control studies within the International Pancreatic Cancer Case–Control Consortium (PanC4), including 6507 pancreatic cases and 12 890 controls. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) by pooling study-specific ORs using random-effects models.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared with never smokers, the OR was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.3) for former smokers and 2.2 (95% CI 1.7–2.8) for current cigarette smokers, with a significant increasing trend in risk with increasing number of cigarettes among current smokers (OR = 3.4 for ≥35 cigarettes per day, <italic>P</italic> for trend <0.0001). Risk increased in relation to duration of cigarette smoking up to 40 years of smoking (OR = 2.4). No trend in risk was observed for age at starting cigarette smoking, whereas risk decreased with increasing time since cigarette cessation, the OR being 0.98 after 20 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This uniquely large pooled analysis confirms that current cigarette smoking is associated with a twofold increased risk of pancreatic cancer and that the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking. Risk of pancreatic cancer reaches the level of never smokers ∼20 years after quitting.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Oncol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ann. Oncol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">annonc</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">annonc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Annals of Oncology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0923-7534</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1569-8041</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22104574</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3387822</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/annonc/mdr541</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">mdr541</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Epidemiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (Panc4)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bosetti</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="mdr541_cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lucenteforte</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silverman</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Petersen</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bracci</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ji</surname><given-names>B. T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Negri</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Risch</surname><given-names>H. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>S. H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gallinger</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miller</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bueno-de-Mesquita</surname><given-names>H. B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Talamini</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Polesel</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ghadirian</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baghurst</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zatonski</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fontham</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bamlet</surname><given-names>W. R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holly</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertuccio</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>Y. T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hassan</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kurtz</surname><given-names>R. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cotterchio</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff12">12</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Su</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maisonneuve</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duell</surname><given-names>E. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boffetta</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff25">25</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>La Vecchia</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="mdr541_aff26">26</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="mdr541_aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff3"><label>3</label>Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff4"><label>4</label>Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology “Mario Aiazzi Mancini”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff5"><label>5</label>National Cancer Institute, Bethesda</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff6"><label>6</label>Mayo Clinic, Rochester</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff7"><label>7</label>University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff8"><label>8</label>The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff9"><label>9</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff10"><label>10</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff11"><label>11</label>Toronto General Hospital, Toronto</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff12"><label>12</label>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff13"><label>13</label>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff14"><label>14</label>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff15"><label>15</label>Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico—National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff16"><label>16</label>Epidemiology Research Unit, Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff17"><label>17</label>Public Health, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff18"><label>18</label>Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff19"><label>19</label>Louisiana State University School of Public Health, New Orleans, USA</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff20"><label>20</label>Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff21"><label>21</label>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff22"><label>22</label>Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff23"><label>23</label>European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff24"><label>24</label>Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff25"><label>25</label>The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA</aff><aff id="mdr541_aff26"><label>26</label>International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France</aff><author-notes><corresp id="mdr541_cor1"><label>*</label><italic>Correspondence to:</italic> Dr C. Bosetti, Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via La Masa 19, Milan 2056, Italy. Tel +39-0239014526; Fax: +39-33200231; E-mail: <email>cristina.bosetti@marionegri.it</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>7</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>23</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1880</fpage><lpage>1888</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>5</day><month>4</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>6</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mdr541.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>To evaluate the dose–response relationship between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer and to examine the effects of temporal variables.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We analyzed data from 12 case–control studies within the International Pancreatic Cancer Case–Control Consortium (PanC4), including 6507 pancreatic cases and 12 890 controls. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) by pooling study-specific ORs using random-effects models.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared with never smokers, the OR was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.3) for former smokers and 2.2 (95% CI 1.7–2.8) for current cigarette smokers, with a significant increasing trend in risk with increasing number of cigarettes among current smokers (OR = 3.4 for ≥35 cigarettes per day, <italic>P</italic> for trend <0.0001). Risk increased in relation to duration of cigarette smoking up to 40 years of smoking (OR = 2.4). No trend in risk was observed for age at starting cigarette smoking, whereas risk decreased with increasing time since cigarette cessation, the OR being 0.98 after 20 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This uniquely large pooled analysis confirms that current cigarette smoking is associated with a twofold increased risk of pancreatic cancer and that the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking. Risk of pancreatic cancer reaches the level of never smokers ∼20 years after quitting.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>case–control study</kwd><kwd>cigarette smoking</kwd><kwd>pancreatic cancer</kwd><kwd>pooled analysis</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="9"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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