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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Is Previous Respiratory Disease a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?</title><author><name sortKey="Denholm, Rachel" sort="Denholm, Rachel" uniqKey="Denholm R" first="Rachel" last="Denholm">Rachel Denholm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schuz, Joachim" sort="Schuz, Joachim" uniqKey="Schuz J" first="Joachim" last="Schüz">Joachim Schüz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straif, Kurt" sort="Straif, Kurt" uniqKey="Straif K" first="Kurt" last="Straif">Kurt Straif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stucker, Isabelle" sort="Stucker, Isabelle" uniqKey="Stucker I" first="Isabelle" last="Stücker">Isabelle Stücker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jockel, Karl Heinz" sort="Jockel, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Jockel K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Jöckel">Karl-Heinz Jöckel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brenner, Darren R" sort="Brenner, Darren R" uniqKey="Brenner D" first="Darren R." last="Brenner">Darren R. Brenner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Matteis, Sara" sort="De Matteis, Sara" uniqKey="De Matteis S" first="Sara" last="De Matteis">Sara De Matteis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boffetta, Paolo" sort="Boffetta, Paolo" uniqKey="Boffetta P" first="Paolo" last="Boffetta">Paolo Boffetta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guida, Florence" sort="Guida, Florence" uniqKey="Guida F" first="Florence" last="Guida">Florence Guida</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruske, Irene" sort="Bruske, Irene" uniqKey="Bruske I" first="Irene" last="Brüske">Irene Brüske</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, Heinz Erich" sort="Wichmann, Heinz Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="Heinz-Erich" last="Wichmann">Heinz-Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landi, Maria Teresa" sort="Landi, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Landi M" first="Maria Teresa" last="Landi">Maria Teresa Landi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil" sort="Caporaso, Neil" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil" last="Caporaso">Neil Caporaso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siemiatycki, Jack" sort="Siemiatycki, Jack" uniqKey="Siemiatycki J" first="Jack" last="Siemiatycki">Jack Siemiatycki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahrens, Wolfgang" sort="Ahrens, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Ahrens W" first="Wolfgang" last="Ahrens">Wolfgang Ahrens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pohlabeln, Hermann" sort="Pohlabeln, Hermann" uniqKey="Pohlabeln H" first="Hermann" last="Pohlabeln">Hermann Pohlabeln</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaridze, David" sort="Zaridze, David" uniqKey="Zaridze D" first="David" last="Zaridze">David Zaridze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Field, John K" sort="Field, John K" uniqKey="Field J" first="John K." last="Field">John K. Field</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, John" sort="Mclaughlin, John" uniqKey="Mclaughlin J" first="John" last="Mclaughlin">John Mclaughlin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demers, Paul" sort="Demers, Paul" uniqKey="Demers P" first="Paul" last="Demers">Paul Demers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" sort="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" uniqKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska N" first="Neonila" last="Szeszenia-Dabrowska">Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lissowska, Jolanta" sort="Lissowska, Jolanta" uniqKey="Lissowska J" first="Jolanta" last="Lissowska">Jolanta Lissowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudnai, Peter" sort="Rudnai, Peter" uniqKey="Rudnai P" first="Peter" last="Rudnai">Peter Rudnai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabianova, Eleonora" sort="Fabianova, Eleonora" uniqKey="Fabianova E" first="Eleonora" last="Fabianova">Eleonora Fabianova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumitru, Rodica Stanescu" sort="Dumitru, Rodica Stanescu" uniqKey="Dumitru R" first="Rodica Stanescu" last="Dumitru">Rodica Stanescu Dumitru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bencko, Vladimir" sort="Bencko, Vladimir" uniqKey="Bencko V" first="Vladimir" last="Bencko">Vladimir Bencko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foretova, Lenka" sort="Foretova, Lenka" uniqKey="Foretova L" first="Lenka" last="Foretova">Lenka Foretova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janout, Vladimir" sort="Janout, Vladimir" uniqKey="Janout V" first="Vladimir" last="Janout">Vladimir Janout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kendzia, Benjamin" sort="Kendzia, Benjamin" uniqKey="Kendzia B" first="Benjamin" last="Kendzia">Benjamin Kendzia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Susan" sort="Peters, Susan" uniqKey="Peters S" first="Susan" last="Peters">Susan Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behrens, Thomas" sort="Behrens, Thomas" uniqKey="Behrens T" first="Thomas" last="Behrens">Thomas Behrens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Roel" sort="Vermeulen, Roel" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="Roel" last="Vermeulen">Roel Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruning, Thomas" sort="Bruning, Thomas" uniqKey="Bruning T" first="Thomas" last="Brüning">Thomas Brüning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kromhout, Hans" sort="Kromhout, Hans" uniqKey="Kromhout H" first="Hans" last="Kromhout">Hans Kromhout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="C Olsson, Ann" sort="C Olsson, Ann" uniqKey="C Olsson A" first="Ann" last="C. Olsson">Ann C. Olsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25054566</idno><idno type="pmc">4214084</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214084</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4214084</idno><idno type="doi">10.1164/rccm.201402-0338OC</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001710</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001710</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Is Previous Respiratory Disease a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?</title><author><name sortKey="Denholm, Rachel" sort="Denholm, Rachel" uniqKey="Denholm R" first="Rachel" last="Denholm">Rachel Denholm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schuz, Joachim" sort="Schuz, Joachim" uniqKey="Schuz J" first="Joachim" last="Schüz">Joachim Schüz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straif, Kurt" sort="Straif, Kurt" uniqKey="Straif K" first="Kurt" last="Straif">Kurt Straif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stucker, Isabelle" sort="Stucker, Isabelle" uniqKey="Stucker I" first="Isabelle" last="Stücker">Isabelle Stücker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jockel, Karl Heinz" sort="Jockel, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Jockel K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Jöckel">Karl-Heinz Jöckel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brenner, Darren R" sort="Brenner, Darren R" uniqKey="Brenner D" first="Darren R." last="Brenner">Darren R. Brenner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Matteis, Sara" sort="De Matteis, Sara" uniqKey="De Matteis S" first="Sara" last="De Matteis">Sara De Matteis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boffetta, Paolo" sort="Boffetta, Paolo" uniqKey="Boffetta P" first="Paolo" last="Boffetta">Paolo Boffetta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guida, Florence" sort="Guida, Florence" uniqKey="Guida F" first="Florence" last="Guida">Florence Guida</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruske, Irene" sort="Bruske, Irene" uniqKey="Bruske I" first="Irene" last="Brüske">Irene Brüske</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, Heinz Erich" sort="Wichmann, Heinz Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="Heinz-Erich" last="Wichmann">Heinz-Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landi, Maria Teresa" sort="Landi, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Landi M" first="Maria Teresa" last="Landi">Maria Teresa Landi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil" sort="Caporaso, Neil" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil" last="Caporaso">Neil Caporaso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siemiatycki, Jack" sort="Siemiatycki, Jack" uniqKey="Siemiatycki J" first="Jack" last="Siemiatycki">Jack Siemiatycki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahrens, Wolfgang" sort="Ahrens, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Ahrens W" first="Wolfgang" last="Ahrens">Wolfgang Ahrens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pohlabeln, Hermann" sort="Pohlabeln, Hermann" uniqKey="Pohlabeln H" first="Hermann" last="Pohlabeln">Hermann Pohlabeln</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaridze, David" sort="Zaridze, David" uniqKey="Zaridze D" first="David" last="Zaridze">David Zaridze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Field, John K" sort="Field, John K" uniqKey="Field J" first="John K." last="Field">John K. Field</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, John" sort="Mclaughlin, John" uniqKey="Mclaughlin J" first="John" last="Mclaughlin">John Mclaughlin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demers, Paul" sort="Demers, Paul" uniqKey="Demers P" first="Paul" last="Demers">Paul Demers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" sort="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" uniqKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska N" first="Neonila" last="Szeszenia-Dabrowska">Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lissowska, Jolanta" sort="Lissowska, Jolanta" uniqKey="Lissowska J" first="Jolanta" last="Lissowska">Jolanta Lissowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudnai, Peter" sort="Rudnai, Peter" uniqKey="Rudnai P" first="Peter" last="Rudnai">Peter Rudnai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabianova, Eleonora" sort="Fabianova, Eleonora" uniqKey="Fabianova E" first="Eleonora" last="Fabianova">Eleonora Fabianova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumitru, Rodica Stanescu" sort="Dumitru, Rodica Stanescu" uniqKey="Dumitru R" first="Rodica Stanescu" last="Dumitru">Rodica Stanescu Dumitru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bencko, Vladimir" sort="Bencko, Vladimir" uniqKey="Bencko V" first="Vladimir" last="Bencko">Vladimir Bencko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foretova, Lenka" sort="Foretova, Lenka" uniqKey="Foretova L" first="Lenka" last="Foretova">Lenka Foretova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janout, Vladimir" sort="Janout, Vladimir" uniqKey="Janout V" first="Vladimir" last="Janout">Vladimir Janout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kendzia, Benjamin" sort="Kendzia, Benjamin" uniqKey="Kendzia B" first="Benjamin" last="Kendzia">Benjamin Kendzia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Susan" sort="Peters, Susan" uniqKey="Peters S" first="Susan" last="Peters">Susan Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behrens, Thomas" sort="Behrens, Thomas" uniqKey="Behrens T" first="Thomas" last="Behrens">Thomas Behrens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Roel" sort="Vermeulen, Roel" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="Roel" last="Vermeulen">Roel Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruning, Thomas" sort="Bruning, Thomas" uniqKey="Bruning T" first="Thomas" last="Brüning">Thomas Brüning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kromhout, Hans" sort="Kromhout, Hans" uniqKey="Kromhout H" first="Hans" last="Kromhout">Hans Kromhout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="C Olsson, Ann" sort="C Olsson, Ann" uniqKey="C Olsson A" first="Ann" last="C. Olsson">Ann C. Olsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">1073-449X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1535-4970</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Rationale:</bold> Previous respiratory diseases have been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Respiratory conditions often co-occur and few studies have investigated multiple conditions simultaneously.</p><p><bold>Objectives:</bold> Investigate lung cancer risk associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and asthma.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> The SYNERGY project pooled information on previous respiratory diseases from 12,739 case subjects and 14,945 control subjects from 7 case–control studies conducted in Europe and Canada. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between individual diseases adjusting for co-occurring conditions, and patterns of respiratory disease diagnoses and lung cancer. Analyses were stratified by sex, and adjusted for age, center, ever-employed in a high-risk occupation, education, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, and time since quitting smoking.</p><p><bold>Measurements and Main Results:</bold> Chronic bronchitis and emphysema were positively associated with lung cancer, after accounting for other respiratory diseases and smoking (e.g., in men: odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–1.48 and OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.21–1.87, respectively). A positive relationship was observed between lung cancer and pneumonia diagnosed 2 years or less before lung cancer (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.33–4.70 for men), but not longer. Co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and/or pneumonia had a stronger positive association with lung cancer than chronic bronchitis “only.” Asthma had an inverse association with lung cancer, the association being stronger with an asthma diagnosis 5 years or more before lung cancer compared with shorter.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Findings from this large international case–control consortium indicate that after accounting for co-occurring respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema continue to have a positive association with lung cancer.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ajrccm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1073-449X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1535-4970</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Thoracic Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25054566</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4214084</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-manuscript">201402-0338OC</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1164/rccm.201402-0338OC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject><subj-group><subject>Lung Cancer and Oncologic Disorders</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Is Previous Respiratory Disease a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Denholm</surname><given-names>Rachel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schüz</surname><given-names>Joachim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Straif</surname><given-names>Kurt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stücker</surname><given-names>Isabelle</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jöckel</surname><given-names>Karl-Heinz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brenner</surname><given-names>Darren R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De Matteis</surname><given-names>Sara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boffetta</surname><given-names>Paolo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guida</surname><given-names>Florence</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brüske</surname><given-names>Irene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wichmann</surname><given-names>Heinz-Erich</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Landi</surname><given-names>Maria Teresa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caporaso</surname><given-names>Neil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Siemiatycki</surname><given-names>Jack</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahrens</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pohlabeln</surname><given-names>Hermann</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaridze</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Field</surname><given-names>John K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McLaughlin</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>15</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demers</surname><given-names>Paul</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>16</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Szeszenia-Dabrowska</surname><given-names>Neonila</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>17</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lissowska</surname><given-names>Jolanta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>18</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rudnai</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>19</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fabianova</surname><given-names>Eleonora</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dumitru</surname><given-names>Rodica Stanescu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bencko</surname><given-names>Vladimir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>22</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Foretova</surname><given-names>Lenka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23"><sup>23</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Janout</surname><given-names>Vladimir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>24</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kendzia</surname><given-names>Benjamin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>25</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Susan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27"><sup>27</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Behrens</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>25</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vermeulen</surname><given-names>Roel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brüning</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>25</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kromhout</surname><given-names>Hans</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>C. Olsson</surname><given-names>Ann</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup></label>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</aff><aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup></label>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Team, Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup></label>Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1018, Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="aff4"><label><sup>4</sup></label>Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</aff><aff id="aff5"><label><sup>5</sup></label>Department of Population Health Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada</aff><aff id="aff6"><label><sup>6</sup></label>Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="aff7"><label><sup>7</sup></label>National Heart and Lung Institute, Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine, and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="aff8"><label><sup>8</sup></label>Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York</aff><aff id="aff9"><label><sup>9</sup></label>Institut für Epidemiologie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="aff10"><label><sup>10</sup></label>National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland</aff><aff id="aff11"><label><sup>11</sup></label>University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada</aff><aff id="aff12"><label><sup>12</sup></label>Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Bremen, Germany</aff><aff id="aff13"><label><sup>13</sup></label>Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia</aff><aff id="aff14"><label><sup>14</sup></label>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="aff15"><label><sup>15</sup></label>Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute and</aff><aff id="aff16"><label><sup>16</sup></label>Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada</aff><aff id="aff17"><label><sup>17</sup></label>Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland</aff><aff id="aff18"><label><sup>18</sup></label>M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland</aff><aff id="aff19"><label><sup>19</sup></label>National Institute of Environment Health, Budapest, Hungary</aff><aff id="aff20"><label><sup>20</sup></label>Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia</aff><aff id="aff21"><label><sup>21</sup></label>Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania</aff><aff id="aff22"><label><sup>22</sup></label>Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="aff23"><label><sup>23</sup></label>Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="aff24"><label><sup>24</sup></label>Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine, Olomouc, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="aff25"><label><sup>25</sup></label>Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance-Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany</aff><aff id="aff26"><label><sup>26</sup></label>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff27"><label><sup>27</sup></label>Occupational Respiratory Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and</aff><aff id="aff28"><label><sup>28</sup></label>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Ann C. Olsson, M.P.H., Ph.D., International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France. E-mail: <email xlink:href="olssona@iarc.fr">olssona@iarc.fr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><day>1</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year><pmc-comment>string-date: September 1, 2014</pmc-comment>
</pub-date><pmc-comment>Fake epub and ppub dates generated by PMC from publisher
pub-date/@pub-type='epub-ppub' </pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year><pmc-comment>string-date: September 1, 2014</pmc-comment>
</pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year><pmc-comment>string-date: September 1, 2014</pmc-comment>
</pub-date><volume>190</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>549</fpage><lpage>559</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 by the American Thoracic Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="rccm.201402-0338OC.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p><bold>Rationale:</bold> Previous respiratory diseases have been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Respiratory conditions often co-occur and few studies have investigated multiple conditions simultaneously.</p><p><bold>Objectives:</bold> Investigate lung cancer risk associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and asthma.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> The SYNERGY project pooled information on previous respiratory diseases from 12,739 case subjects and 14,945 control subjects from 7 case–control studies conducted in Europe and Canada. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between individual diseases adjusting for co-occurring conditions, and patterns of respiratory disease diagnoses and lung cancer. Analyses were stratified by sex, and adjusted for age, center, ever-employed in a high-risk occupation, education, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, and time since quitting smoking.</p><p><bold>Measurements and Main Results:</bold> Chronic bronchitis and emphysema were positively associated with lung cancer, after accounting for other respiratory diseases and smoking (e.g., in men: odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–1.48 and OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.21–1.87, respectively). A positive relationship was observed between lung cancer and pneumonia diagnosed 2 years or less before lung cancer (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.33–4.70 for men), but not longer. Co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and/or pneumonia had a stronger positive association with lung cancer than chronic bronchitis “only.” Asthma had an inverse association with lung cancer, the association being stronger with an asthma diagnosis 5 years or more before lung cancer compared with shorter.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Findings from this large international case–control consortium indicate that after accounting for co-occurring respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema continue to have a positive association with lung cancer.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>epidemiologic study</kwd><kwd>lung neoplasm</kwd><kwd>pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>data pooling</kwd><kwd>case–control study</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="1"></fig-count><table-count count="5"></table-count><page-count count="11"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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