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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network</title>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Neil" sort="Davies, Neil" uniqKey="Davies N" first="Neil" last="Davies">Neil Davies</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California Berkeley, BP 244 98728 Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Field, Dawn" sort="Field, Dawn" uniqKey="Field D" first="Dawn" last="Field">Dawn Field</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I4">Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amaral Zettler, Linda" sort="Amaral Zettler, Linda" uniqKey="Amaral Zettler L" first="Linda" last="Amaral-Zettler">Linda Amaral-Zettler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I5">The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, MA 02543, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clark, Melody S" sort="Clark, Melody S" uniqKey="Clark M" first="Melody S" last="Clark">Melody S. Clark</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I6">British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deck, John" sort="Deck, John" uniqKey="Deck J" first="John" last="Deck">John Deck</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I7">Berkeley Natural History Museums, 1007 Valley Life Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drummond, Alexei" sort="Drummond, Alexei" uniqKey="Drummond A" first="Alexei" last="Drummond">Alexei Drummond</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I8">Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I9">Allan Wilson Center for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faith, Daniel P" sort="Faith, Daniel P" uniqKey="Faith D" first="Daniel P" last="Faith">Daniel P. Faith</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I10">The Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geller, Jonathan" sort="Geller, Jonathan" uniqKey="Geller J" first="Jonathan" last="Geller">Jonathan Geller</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I11">Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Jack" sort="Gilbert, Jack" uniqKey="Gilbert J" first="Jack" last="Gilbert">Jack Gilbert</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I12">Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I13">Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glockner, Frank Oliver" sort="Glockner, Frank Oliver" uniqKey="Glockner F" first="Frank Oliver" last="Glöckner">Frank Oliver Glöckner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I14">Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I15">Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirsch, Penny R" sort="Hirsch, Penny R" uniqKey="Hirsch P" first="Penny R" last="Hirsch">Penny R. Hirsch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I16">Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leong, Jo Ann" sort="Leong, Jo Ann" uniqKey="Leong J" first="Jo-Ann" last="Leong">Jo-Ann Leong</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I17">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, Chris" sort="Meyer, Chris" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Chris" last="Meyer">Chris Meyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I18">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-163, Washington, DC 20013, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obst, Matthias" sort="Obst, Matthias" uniqKey="Obst M" first="Matthias" last="Obst">Matthias Obst</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I19">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463 SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Planes, Serge" sort="Planes, Serge" uniqKey="Planes S" first="Serge" last="Planes">Serge Planes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I20">USR 3278 CNRS - EPHE Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), BP 1013 - 98 729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scholin, Chris" sort="Scholin, Chris" uniqKey="Scholin C" first="Chris" last="Scholin">Chris Scholin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I21">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogler, Alfried P" sort="Vogler, Alfried P" uniqKey="Vogler A" first="Alfried P" last="Vogler">Alfried P. Vogler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I22">Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I23">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gates, Ruth D" sort="Gates, Ruth D" uniqKey="Gates R" first="Ruth D" last="Gates">Ruth D. Gates</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I17">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toonen, Rob" sort="Toonen, Rob" uniqKey="Toonen R" first="Rob" last="Toonen">Rob Toonen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I17">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berteaux Lecellier, Veronique" sort="Berteaux Lecellier, Veronique" uniqKey="Berteaux Lecellier V" first="Véronique" last="Berteaux-Lecellier">Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I20">USR 3278 CNRS - EPHE Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), BP 1013 - 98 729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbier, Michele" sort="Barbier, Michele" uniqKey="Barbier M" first="Michèle" last="Barbier">Michèle Barbier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I24">Independent 316 Scientific Adviser, 2 rue de la Tour de Magnan, 06 000 Nice, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barker, Katherine" sort="Barker, Katherine" uniqKey="Barker K" first="Katherine" last="Barker">Katherine Barker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I25">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, 318 MRC 106, Washington, DC 20013, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertilsson, Stefan" sort="Bertilsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Bertilsson S" first="Stefan" last="Bertilsson">Stefan Bertilsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I26">Department of Ecology and Genetics and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bicak, Mesude" sort="Bicak, Mesude" uniqKey="Bicak M" first="Mesude" last="Bicak">Mesude Bicak</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bietz, Matthew J" sort="Bietz, Matthew J" uniqKey="Bietz M" first="Matthew J" last="Bietz">Matthew J. Bietz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I27">Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bobe, Jason" sort="Bobe, Jason" uniqKey="Bobe J" first="Jason" last="Bobe">Jason Bobe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I28">PersonalGenomes.org, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bodrossy, Levente" sort="Bodrossy, Levente" uniqKey="Bodrossy L" first="Levente" last="Bodrossy">Levente Bodrossy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I29">CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borja, Angel" sort="Borja, Angel" uniqKey="Borja A" first="Angel" last="Borja">Angel Borja</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I30">AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coddington, Jonathan" sort="Coddington, Jonathan" uniqKey="Coddington J" first="Jonathan" last="Coddington">Jonathan Coddington</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I25">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, 318 MRC 106, Washington, DC 20013, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuhrman, Jed" sort="Fuhrman, Jed" uniqKey="Fuhrman J" first="Jed" last="Fuhrman">Jed Fuhrman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I31">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerdts, Gunnar" sort="Gerdts, Gunnar" uniqKey="Gerdts G" first="Gunnar" last="Gerdts">Gunnar Gerdts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I32">Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 27498 Helgoland, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillespie, Rosemary" sort="Gillespie, Rosemary" uniqKey="Gillespie R" first="Rosemary" last="Gillespie">Rosemary Gillespie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I33">Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goodwin, Kelly" sort="Goodwin, Kelly" uniqKey="Goodwin K" first="Kelly" last="Goodwin">Kelly Goodwin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I34">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML stationed in La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanson, Paul C" sort="Hanson, Paul C" uniqKey="Hanson P" first="Paul C" last="Hanson">Paul C. Hanson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I35">Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, MadisonWI 53706, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hero, Jean Marc" sort="Hero, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Hero J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Hero">Jean-Marc Hero</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I36">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoekman, David" sort="Hoekman, David" uniqKey="Hoekman D" first="David" last="Hoekman">David Hoekman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansson, Janet" sort="Jansson, Janet" uniqKey="Jansson J" first="Janet" last="Jansson">Janet Jansson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I38">Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeanthon, Christian" sort="Jeanthon, Christian" uniqKey="Jeanthon C" first="Christian" last="Jeanthon">Christian Jeanthon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I39">Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS - UPMC, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kao, Rebecca" sort="Kao, Rebecca" uniqKey="Kao R" first="Rebecca" last="Kao">Rebecca Kao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I40">Denver Botanic Gardens, 909 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klindworth, Anna" sort="Klindworth, Anna" uniqKey="Klindworth A" first="Anna" last="Klindworth">Anna Klindworth</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I14">Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I15">Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, Rob" sort="Knight, Rob" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Rob" last="Knight">Rob Knight</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I41">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I42">Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Computer Science, and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kottmann, Renzo" sort="Kottmann, Renzo" uniqKey="Kottmann R" first="Renzo" last="Kottmann">Renzo Kottmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I14">Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I15">Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koo, Michelle S" sort="Koo, Michelle S" uniqKey="Koo M" first="Michelle S" last="Koo">Michelle S. Koo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I43">Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kotoulas, Georgios" sort="Kotoulas, Georgios" uniqKey="Kotoulas G" first="Georgios" last="Kotoulas">Georgios Kotoulas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I44">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowe, Andrew J" sort="Lowe, Andrew J" uniqKey="Lowe A" first="Andrew J" last="Lowe">Andrew J. Lowe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I45">Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network and Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marteinsson, Vigg Th R" sort="Marteinsson, Vigg Th R" uniqKey="Marteinsson V" first="Vigg Th R" last="Marteinsson">Vigg Th R Marteinsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I46">Food Safety, Environment & Genetics, Matis ldt. Vinlandsleid 12, 113 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, Folker" sort="Meyer, Folker" uniqKey="Meyer F" first="Folker" last="Meyer">Folker Meyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I12">Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morrison, Norman" sort="Morrison, Norman" uniqKey="Morrison N" first="Norman" last="Morrison">Norman Morrison</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I47">School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myrold, David D" sort="Myrold, David D" uniqKey="Myrold D" first="David D" last="Myrold">David D. Myrold</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I48">Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pafilis, Evangelos" sort="Pafilis, Evangelos" uniqKey="Pafilis E" first="Evangelos" last="Pafilis">Evangelos Pafilis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I44">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parker, Stephanie" sort="Parker, Stephanie" uniqKey="Parker S" first="Stephanie" last="Parker">Stephanie Parker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parnell, John Jacob" sort="Parnell, John Jacob" uniqKey="Parnell J" first="John Jacob" last="Parnell">John Jacob Parnell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polymenakou, Paraskevi N" sort="Polymenakou, Paraskevi N" uniqKey="Polymenakou P" first="Paraskevi N" last="Polymenakou">Paraskevi N. Polymenakou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I44">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ratnasingham, Sujeevan" sort="Ratnasingham, Sujeevan" uniqKey="Ratnasingham S" first="Sujeevan" last="Ratnasingham">Sujeevan Ratnasingham</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I49">Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roderick, George K" sort="Roderick, George K" uniqKey="Roderick G" first="George K" last="Roderick">George K. Roderick</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I50">Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Ezpeleta, Naiara" sort="Rodriguez Ezpeleta, Naiara" uniqKey="Rodriguez Ezpeleta N" first="Naiara" last="Rodriguez-Ezpeleta">Naiara Rodriguez-Ezpeleta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I51">AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, Sukarrieta 48395Bizkaia, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schonrogge, Karsten" sort="Schonrogge, Karsten" uniqKey="Schonrogge K" first="Karsten" last="Schonrogge">Karsten Schonrogge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I4">Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simon, Nathalie" sort="Simon, Nathalie" uniqKey="Simon N" first="Nathalie" last="Simon">Nathalie Simon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I39">Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS - UPMC, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valette Silver, Nathalie J" sort="Valette Silver, Nathalie J" uniqKey="Valette Silver N" first="Nathalie J" last="Valette-Silver">Nathalie J. Valette-Silver</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I52">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Exploration and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Springer, Yuri P" sort="Springer, Yuri P" uniqKey="Springer Y" first="Yuri P" last="Springer">Yuri P. Springer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stone, Graham N" sort="Stone, Graham N" uniqKey="Stone G" first="Graham N" last="Stone">Graham N. Stone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I53">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH93JT, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stones Havas, Steve" sort="Stones Havas, Steve" uniqKey="Stones Havas S" first="Steve" last="Stones-Havas">Steve Stones-Havas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I54">Biomatters Ltd., Auckland 1010, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" sort="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" uniqKey="Sansone S" first="Susanna-Assunta" last="Sansone">Susanna-Assunta Sansone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thibault, Kate M" sort="Thibault, Kate M" uniqKey="Thibault K" first="Kate M" last="Thibault">Kate M. Thibault</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wecker, Patricia" sort="Wecker, Patricia" uniqKey="Wecker P" first="Patricia" last="Wecker">Patricia Wecker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I20">USR 3278 CNRS - EPHE Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), BP 1013 - 98 729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wichels, Antje" sort="Wichels, Antje" uniqKey="Wichels A" first="Antje" last="Wichels">Antje Wichels</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I31">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wooley, John C" sort="Wooley, John C" uniqKey="Wooley J" first="John C" last="Wooley">John C. Wooley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I55">Center for Research on BioSystems, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-5004, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yahara, Tetsukazu" sort="Yahara, Tetsukazu" uniqKey="Yahara T" first="Tetsukazu" last="Yahara">Tetsukazu Yahara</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I56">Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zingone, Adriana" sort="Zingone, Adriana" uniqKey="Zingone A" first="Adriana" last="Zingone">Adriana Zingone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I57">Ecology and Evolution of Plankton Laboratory, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24606731</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3995929</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3995929</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3995929</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/2047-217X-3-2</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001642</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001642</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network</title>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Neil" sort="Davies, Neil" uniqKey="Davies N" first="Neil" last="Davies">Neil Davies</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California Berkeley, BP 244 98728 Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Field, Dawn" sort="Field, Dawn" uniqKey="Field D" first="Dawn" last="Field">Dawn Field</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I4">Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amaral Zettler, Linda" sort="Amaral Zettler, Linda" uniqKey="Amaral Zettler L" first="Linda" last="Amaral-Zettler">Linda Amaral-Zettler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I5">The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, MA 02543, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clark, Melody S" sort="Clark, Melody S" uniqKey="Clark M" first="Melody S" last="Clark">Melody S. Clark</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I6">British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deck, John" sort="Deck, John" uniqKey="Deck J" first="John" last="Deck">John Deck</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I7">Berkeley Natural History Museums, 1007 Valley Life Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drummond, Alexei" sort="Drummond, Alexei" uniqKey="Drummond A" first="Alexei" last="Drummond">Alexei Drummond</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I8">Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I9">Allan Wilson Center for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faith, Daniel P" sort="Faith, Daniel P" uniqKey="Faith D" first="Daniel P" last="Faith">Daniel P. Faith</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I10">The Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geller, Jonathan" sort="Geller, Jonathan" uniqKey="Geller J" first="Jonathan" last="Geller">Jonathan Geller</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I11">Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Jack" sort="Gilbert, Jack" uniqKey="Gilbert J" first="Jack" last="Gilbert">Jack Gilbert</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I12">Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I13">Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glockner, Frank Oliver" sort="Glockner, Frank Oliver" uniqKey="Glockner F" first="Frank Oliver" last="Glöckner">Frank Oliver Glöckner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I14">Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I15">Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirsch, Penny R" sort="Hirsch, Penny R" uniqKey="Hirsch P" first="Penny R" last="Hirsch">Penny R. Hirsch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I16">Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leong, Jo Ann" sort="Leong, Jo Ann" uniqKey="Leong J" first="Jo-Ann" last="Leong">Jo-Ann Leong</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I17">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, Chris" sort="Meyer, Chris" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Chris" last="Meyer">Chris Meyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I18">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-163, Washington, DC 20013, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obst, Matthias" sort="Obst, Matthias" uniqKey="Obst M" first="Matthias" last="Obst">Matthias Obst</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I19">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463 SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Planes, Serge" sort="Planes, Serge" uniqKey="Planes S" first="Serge" last="Planes">Serge Planes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I20">USR 3278 CNRS - EPHE Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), BP 1013 - 98 729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scholin, Chris" sort="Scholin, Chris" uniqKey="Scholin C" first="Chris" last="Scholin">Chris Scholin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I21">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogler, Alfried P" sort="Vogler, Alfried P" uniqKey="Vogler A" first="Alfried P" last="Vogler">Alfried P. Vogler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I22">Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I23">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gates, Ruth D" sort="Gates, Ruth D" uniqKey="Gates R" first="Ruth D" last="Gates">Ruth D. Gates</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I17">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toonen, Rob" sort="Toonen, Rob" uniqKey="Toonen R" first="Rob" last="Toonen">Rob Toonen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I17">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berteaux Lecellier, Veronique" sort="Berteaux Lecellier, Veronique" uniqKey="Berteaux Lecellier V" first="Véronique" last="Berteaux-Lecellier">Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I20">USR 3278 CNRS - EPHE Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), BP 1013 - 98 729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbier, Michele" sort="Barbier, Michele" uniqKey="Barbier M" first="Michèle" last="Barbier">Michèle Barbier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I24">Independent 316 Scientific Adviser, 2 rue de la Tour de Magnan, 06 000 Nice, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barker, Katherine" sort="Barker, Katherine" uniqKey="Barker K" first="Katherine" last="Barker">Katherine Barker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I25">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, 318 MRC 106, Washington, DC 20013, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertilsson, Stefan" sort="Bertilsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Bertilsson S" first="Stefan" last="Bertilsson">Stefan Bertilsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I26">Department of Ecology and Genetics and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bicak, Mesude" sort="Bicak, Mesude" uniqKey="Bicak M" first="Mesude" last="Bicak">Mesude Bicak</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bietz, Matthew J" sort="Bietz, Matthew J" uniqKey="Bietz M" first="Matthew J" last="Bietz">Matthew J. Bietz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I27">Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bobe, Jason" sort="Bobe, Jason" uniqKey="Bobe J" first="Jason" last="Bobe">Jason Bobe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I28">PersonalGenomes.org, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bodrossy, Levente" sort="Bodrossy, Levente" uniqKey="Bodrossy L" first="Levente" last="Bodrossy">Levente Bodrossy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I29">CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borja, Angel" sort="Borja, Angel" uniqKey="Borja A" first="Angel" last="Borja">Angel Borja</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I30">AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coddington, Jonathan" sort="Coddington, Jonathan" uniqKey="Coddington J" first="Jonathan" last="Coddington">Jonathan Coddington</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I25">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, 318 MRC 106, Washington, DC 20013, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuhrman, Jed" sort="Fuhrman, Jed" uniqKey="Fuhrman J" first="Jed" last="Fuhrman">Jed Fuhrman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I31">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerdts, Gunnar" sort="Gerdts, Gunnar" uniqKey="Gerdts G" first="Gunnar" last="Gerdts">Gunnar Gerdts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I32">Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 27498 Helgoland, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillespie, Rosemary" sort="Gillespie, Rosemary" uniqKey="Gillespie R" first="Rosemary" last="Gillespie">Rosemary Gillespie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I33">Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goodwin, Kelly" sort="Goodwin, Kelly" uniqKey="Goodwin K" first="Kelly" last="Goodwin">Kelly Goodwin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I34">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML stationed in La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanson, Paul C" sort="Hanson, Paul C" uniqKey="Hanson P" first="Paul C" last="Hanson">Paul C. Hanson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I35">Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, MadisonWI 53706, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hero, Jean Marc" sort="Hero, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Hero J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Hero">Jean-Marc Hero</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I36">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoekman, David" sort="Hoekman, David" uniqKey="Hoekman D" first="David" last="Hoekman">David Hoekman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansson, Janet" sort="Jansson, Janet" uniqKey="Jansson J" first="Janet" last="Jansson">Janet Jansson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I38">Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeanthon, Christian" sort="Jeanthon, Christian" uniqKey="Jeanthon C" first="Christian" last="Jeanthon">Christian Jeanthon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I39">Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS - UPMC, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kao, Rebecca" sort="Kao, Rebecca" uniqKey="Kao R" first="Rebecca" last="Kao">Rebecca Kao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I40">Denver Botanic Gardens, 909 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klindworth, Anna" sort="Klindworth, Anna" uniqKey="Klindworth A" first="Anna" last="Klindworth">Anna Klindworth</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I14">Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I15">Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, Rob" sort="Knight, Rob" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Rob" last="Knight">Rob Knight</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I41">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I42">Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Computer Science, and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kottmann, Renzo" sort="Kottmann, Renzo" uniqKey="Kottmann R" first="Renzo" last="Kottmann">Renzo Kottmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I14">Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I15">Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koo, Michelle S" sort="Koo, Michelle S" uniqKey="Koo M" first="Michelle S" last="Koo">Michelle S. Koo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I43">Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kotoulas, Georgios" sort="Kotoulas, Georgios" uniqKey="Kotoulas G" first="Georgios" last="Kotoulas">Georgios Kotoulas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I44">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowe, Andrew J" sort="Lowe, Andrew J" uniqKey="Lowe A" first="Andrew J" last="Lowe">Andrew J. Lowe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I45">Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network and Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marteinsson, Vigg Th R" sort="Marteinsson, Vigg Th R" uniqKey="Marteinsson V" first="Vigg Th R" last="Marteinsson">Vigg Th R Marteinsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I46">Food Safety, Environment & Genetics, Matis ldt. Vinlandsleid 12, 113 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, Folker" sort="Meyer, Folker" uniqKey="Meyer F" first="Folker" last="Meyer">Folker Meyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I12">Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morrison, Norman" sort="Morrison, Norman" uniqKey="Morrison N" first="Norman" last="Morrison">Norman Morrison</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I47">School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myrold, David D" sort="Myrold, David D" uniqKey="Myrold D" first="David D" last="Myrold">David D. Myrold</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I48">Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pafilis, Evangelos" sort="Pafilis, Evangelos" uniqKey="Pafilis E" first="Evangelos" last="Pafilis">Evangelos Pafilis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I44">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parker, Stephanie" sort="Parker, Stephanie" uniqKey="Parker S" first="Stephanie" last="Parker">Stephanie Parker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parnell, John Jacob" sort="Parnell, John Jacob" uniqKey="Parnell J" first="John Jacob" last="Parnell">John Jacob Parnell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polymenakou, Paraskevi N" sort="Polymenakou, Paraskevi N" uniqKey="Polymenakou P" first="Paraskevi N" last="Polymenakou">Paraskevi N. Polymenakou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I44">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ratnasingham, Sujeevan" sort="Ratnasingham, Sujeevan" uniqKey="Ratnasingham S" first="Sujeevan" last="Ratnasingham">Sujeevan Ratnasingham</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I49">Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roderick, George K" sort="Roderick, George K" uniqKey="Roderick G" first="George K" last="Roderick">George K. Roderick</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I50">Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Ezpeleta, Naiara" sort="Rodriguez Ezpeleta, Naiara" uniqKey="Rodriguez Ezpeleta N" first="Naiara" last="Rodriguez-Ezpeleta">Naiara Rodriguez-Ezpeleta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I51">AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, Sukarrieta 48395Bizkaia, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schonrogge, Karsten" sort="Schonrogge, Karsten" uniqKey="Schonrogge K" first="Karsten" last="Schonrogge">Karsten Schonrogge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I4">Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simon, Nathalie" sort="Simon, Nathalie" uniqKey="Simon N" first="Nathalie" last="Simon">Nathalie Simon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I39">Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS - UPMC, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valette Silver, Nathalie J" sort="Valette Silver, Nathalie J" uniqKey="Valette Silver N" first="Nathalie J" last="Valette-Silver">Nathalie J. Valette-Silver</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I52">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Exploration and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Springer, Yuri P" sort="Springer, Yuri P" uniqKey="Springer Y" first="Yuri P" last="Springer">Yuri P. Springer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stone, Graham N" sort="Stone, Graham N" uniqKey="Stone G" first="Graham N" last="Stone">Graham N. Stone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I53">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH93JT, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stones Havas, Steve" sort="Stones Havas, Steve" uniqKey="Stones Havas S" first="Steve" last="Stones-Havas">Steve Stones-Havas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I54">Biomatters Ltd., Auckland 1010, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" sort="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" uniqKey="Sansone S" first="Susanna-Assunta" last="Sansone">Susanna-Assunta Sansone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thibault, Kate M" sort="Thibault, Kate M" uniqKey="Thibault K" first="Kate M" last="Thibault">Kate M. Thibault</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I37">National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wecker, Patricia" sort="Wecker, Patricia" uniqKey="Wecker P" first="Patricia" last="Wecker">Patricia Wecker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I20">USR 3278 CNRS - EPHE Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), BP 1013 - 98 729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wichels, Antje" sort="Wichels, Antje" uniqKey="Wichels A" first="Antje" last="Wichels">Antje Wichels</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I31">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wooley, John C" sort="Wooley, John C" uniqKey="Wooley J" first="John C" last="Wooley">John C. Wooley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I55">Center for Research on BioSystems, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-5004, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yahara, Tetsukazu" sort="Yahara, Tetsukazu" uniqKey="Yahara T" first="Tetsukazu" last="Yahara">Tetsukazu Yahara</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I56">Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zingone, Adriana" sort="Zingone, Adriana" uniqKey="Zingone A" first="Adriana" last="Zingone">Adriana Zingone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I57">Ecology and Evolution of Plankton Laboratory, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">GigaScience</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2047-217X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The co-authors of this paper hereby state their intention to work together to launch the <italic>Genomic Observatories Network</italic>
(GOs Network) for which this document will serve as its <italic>Founding Charter</italic>
. We define a Genomic Observatory as an ecosystem and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms.</p>
<p>An international group of 64 scientists first published the call for a global network of Genomic Observatories in January 2012. The vision for such a network was expanded in a subsequent paper and developed over a series of meetings in Bremen (Germany), Shenzhen (China), Moorea (French Polynesia), Oxford (UK), Pacific Grove (California, USA), Washington (DC, USA), and London (UK). While this community-building process continues, here we express our mutual intent to establish the GOs Network formally, and to describe our shared vision for its future. The views expressed here are ours alone as individual scientists, and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions with which we are affiliated.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Gigascience</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Gigascience</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>GigaScience</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2047-217X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24606731</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3995929</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2047-217X-3-2</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/2047-217X-3-2</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Commentary</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Davies</surname>
<given-names>Neil</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>ndavies@moorea.berkeley.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A2"><name><surname>Field</surname>
<given-names>Dawn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">4</xref>
<email>dfield@ceh.ac.uk</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Amaral-Zettler</surname>
<given-names>Linda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5">5</xref>
<email>amaral@mbl.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>Melody S</given-names>
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<email>mscl@bas.ac.uk</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5"><name><surname>Deck</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
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<email>jdeck@berkeley.edu</email>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A6"><name><surname>Drummond</surname>
<given-names>Alexei</given-names>
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<email>alexei@cs.auckland.ac.nz</email>
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<given-names>Daniel P</given-names>
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<email>danfaith9@yahoo.com.au</email>
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<given-names>Jonathan</given-names>
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<email>geller@mlml.calstate.edu</email>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A9"><name><surname>Gilbert</surname>
<given-names>Jack</given-names>
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<email>gilbertjack@ANL.gov</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A10"><name><surname>Glöckner</surname>
<given-names>Frank Oliver</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I15">15</xref>
<email>fog@mpi-bremen.de</email>
</contrib>
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<email>penny.hirsch@rothamsted.ac.uk</email>
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<given-names>Jo-Ann</given-names>
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<email>joannleo@hawaii.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A13"><name><surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>Chris</given-names>
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<email>MeyerC@si.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A14"><name><surname>Obst</surname>
<given-names>Matthias</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I19">19</xref>
<email>matthias.obst@bioenv.gu.se</email>
</contrib>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A16"><name><surname>Scholin</surname>
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<email>scholin@mbari.org</email>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A21"><name><surname>Barbier</surname>
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<email>Lev.Bodrossy@csiro.au</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A28"><name><surname>Borja</surname>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A29"><name><surname>Coddington</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan</given-names>
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<email>coddington@si.edu</email>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A30"><name><surname>Fuhrman</surname>
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<email>fuhrman@usc.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A31"><name><surname>Gerdts</surname>
<given-names>Gunnar</given-names>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A32"><name><surname>Gillespie</surname>
<given-names>Rosemary</given-names>
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<email>gillespie@berkeley.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A33"><name><surname>Goodwin</surname>
<given-names>Kelly</given-names>
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</contrib>
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<email>m.hero@griffith.edu.au</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A36"><name><surname>Hoekman</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
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<email>dhoekman@neoninc.org</email>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A40"><name><surname>Klindworth</surname>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A41"><name><surname>Knight</surname>
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<email>rob.knight@colorado.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A42"><name><surname>Kottmann</surname>
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<given-names>Sujeevan</given-names>
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<email>sratnasi@uoguelph.ca</email>
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<email>roderick@berkeley.edu</email>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A56"><name><surname>Rodriguez-Ezpeleta</surname>
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<email>nrodriguez@azti.es</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A57"><name><surname>Schonrogge</surname>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A58"><name><surname>Simon</surname>
<given-names>Nathalie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I39">39</xref>
<email>simon@sb-roscoff.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A59"><name><surname>Valette-Silver</surname>
<given-names>Nathalie J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I52">52</xref>
<email>nathalie.valette-silver@noaa.gov</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A60"><name><surname>Springer</surname>
<given-names>Yuri P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I37">37</xref>
<email>yspringer@neoninc.org</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A61"><name><surname>Stone</surname>
<given-names>Graham N</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I53">53</xref>
<email>graham.stone@ed.ac.uk</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A62"><name><surname>Stones-Havas</surname>
<given-names>Steve</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I54">54</xref>
<email>steve@biomatters.com</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A63"><name><surname>Sansone</surname>
<given-names>Susanna-Assunta</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref>
<email>susanna-assunta.sansone@oerc.ox.ac.uk</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A64"><name><surname>Thibault</surname>
<given-names>Kate M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I37">37</xref>
<email>kthibault@neoninc.org</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A65"><name><surname>Wecker</surname>
<given-names>Patricia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I20">20</xref>
<email>patricia.wecker@criobe.pf</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A66"><name><surname>Wichels</surname>
<given-names>Antje</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I31">31</xref>
<email>antje.wichels@awi.de</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A67"><name><surname>Wooley</surname>
<given-names>John C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I55">55</xref>
<email>jwooley@sdsc.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A68"><name><surname>Yahara</surname>
<given-names>Tetsukazu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I56">56</xref>
<email>tet.yahara@gmail.com</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A69"><name><surname>Zingone</surname>
<given-names>Adriana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I57">57</xref>
<email>zingone@szn.it</email>
</contrib>
<on-behalf-of>GOs-COS<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="d33e622"></xref>
</on-behalf-of>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><label>1</label>
Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California Berkeley, BP 244 98728 Moorea, French Polynesia</aff>
<aff id="I2"><label>2</label>
Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK</aff>
<aff id="I3"><label>3</label>
Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, UK</aff>
<aff id="I4"><label>4</label>
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK</aff>
<aff id="I5"><label>5</label>
The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, MA 02543, USA</aff>
<aff id="I6"><label>6</label>
British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK</aff>
<aff id="I7"><label>7</label>
Berkeley Natural History Museums, 1007 Valley Life Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</aff>
<aff id="I8"><label>8</label>
Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand</aff>
<aff id="I9"><label>9</label>
Allan Wilson Center for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</aff>
<aff id="I10"><label>10</label>
The Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia</aff>
<aff id="I11"><label>11</label>
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA</aff>
<aff id="I12"><label>12</label>
Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA</aff>
<aff id="I13"><label>13</label>
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</aff>
<aff id="I14"><label>14</label>
Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="I15"><label>15</label>
Jacobs University Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="I16"><label>16</label>
Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK</aff>
<aff id="I17"><label>17</label>
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA</aff>
<aff id="I18"><label>18</label>
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-163, Washington, DC 20013, USA</aff>
<aff id="I19"><label>19</label>
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463 SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="I20"><label>20</label>
USR 3278 CNRS - EPHE Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), BP 1013 - 98 729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia</aff>
<aff id="I21"><label>21</label>
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA</aff>
<aff id="I22"><label>22</label>
Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK</aff>
<aff id="I23"><label>23</label>
Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK</aff>
<aff id="I24"><label>24</label>
Independent 316 Scientific Adviser, 2 rue de la Tour de Magnan, 06 000 Nice, France</aff>
<aff id="I25"><label>25</label>
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, 318 MRC 106, Washington, DC 20013, USA</aff>
<aff id="I26"><label>26</label>
Department of Ecology and Genetics and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="I27"><label>27</label>
Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA</aff>
<aff id="I28"><label>28</label>
PersonalGenomes.org, Boston, MA 02215, USA</aff>
<aff id="I29"><label>29</label>
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</aff>
<aff id="I30"><label>30</label>
AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain</aff>
<aff id="I31"><label>31</label>
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA</aff>
<aff id="I32"><label>32</label>
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 27498 Helgoland, Germany</aff>
<aff id="I33"><label>33</label>
Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</aff>
<aff id="I34"><label>34</label>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML stationed in La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA</aff>
<aff id="I35"><label>35</label>
Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, MadisonWI 53706, USA</aff>
<aff id="I36"><label>36</label>
Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia</aff>
<aff id="I37"><label>37</label>
National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO 80301, USA</aff>
<aff id="I38"><label>38</label>
Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</aff>
<aff id="I39"><label>39</label>
Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS - UPMC, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France</aff>
<aff id="I40"><label>40</label>
Denver Botanic Gardens, 909 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA</aff>
<aff id="I41"><label>41</label>
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA</aff>
<aff id="I42"><label>42</label>
Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Computer Science, and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309, USA</aff>
<aff id="I43"><label>43</label>
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA</aff>
<aff id="I44"><label>44</label>
Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece</aff>
<aff id="I45"><label>45</label>
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network and Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia</aff>
<aff id="I46"><label>46</label>
Food Safety, Environment & Genetics, Matis ldt. Vinlandsleid 12, 113 Reykjavik, Iceland</aff>
<aff id="I47"><label>47</label>
School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK</aff>
<aff id="I48"><label>48</label>
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</aff>
<aff id="I49"><label>49</label>
Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada</aff>
<aff id="I50"><label>50</label>
Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA</aff>
<aff id="I51"><label>51</label>
AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, Sukarrieta 48395Bizkaia, Spain</aff>
<aff id="I52"><label>52</label>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Exploration and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA</aff>
<aff id="I53"><label>53</label>
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH93JT, UK</aff>
<aff id="I54"><label>54</label>
Biomatters Ltd., Auckland 1010, New Zealand</aff>
<aff id="I55"><label>55</label>
Center for Research on BioSystems, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-5004, USA</aff>
<aff id="I56"><label>56</label>
Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan</aff>
<aff id="I57"><label>57</label>
Ecology and Evolution of Plankton Laboratory, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="d33e622">GOs-COS</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<fpage>2</fpage>
<lpage>2</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Davies et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Davies et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.gigasciencejournal.com/content/3/1/2"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>The co-authors of this paper hereby state their intention to work together to launch the <italic>Genomic Observatories Network</italic>
(GOs Network) for which this document will serve as its <italic>Founding Charter</italic>
. We define a Genomic Observatory as an ecosystem and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms.</p>
<p>An international group of 64 scientists first published the call for a global network of Genomic Observatories in January 2012. The vision for such a network was expanded in a subsequent paper and developed over a series of meetings in Bremen (Germany), Shenzhen (China), Moorea (French Polynesia), Oxford (UK), Pacific Grove (California, USA), Washington (DC, USA), and London (UK). While this community-building process continues, here we express our mutual intent to establish the GOs Network formally, and to describe our shared vision for its future. The views expressed here are ours alone as individual scientists, and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions with which we are affiliated.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Biodiversity</kwd>
<kwd>Genomics</kwd>
<kwd>Biocode</kwd>
<kwd>Earth observations</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Key outcomes of 21<sup>st</sup>
century science include an Earth with its essential life support systems intact, and a planet where human society has achieved sustainable development. Achieving these challenges, however, requires a greatly improved understanding of human interactions with the natural environment. Towards that end, the GOs Network aims to observe DNA sequences -- the biocode -- across the principal levels of biological organization (cell, organism, ecosystem) up to the planetary genome [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
]. Our approach is to apply genomic technologies to study the flux of genetic variation within these nested scales of biological function. We will inventory genomic biodiversity and map its distribution over time and space. To address the processes that generate and maintain this diversity, we will link the genomic information to physico-chemical, ecological, and socioeconomic data. We will work with the broader scientific community to build models of how genomic biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services, evolutionary potential, and ecological resilience.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Main text</title>
<sec><title>What is a Genomic Observatory?</title>
<p>Some of the terms we use here require definition (See Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>
), since not everyone in the community uses them in the same way. Helping to solidify a shared terminology in such a fast moving field is one contribution of the GOs Network. Our intention here, however, is merely to clarify what we mean in the limited context of this document. Only time will tell whether these terms, or our definitions of them, become broadly accepted. The definitions are deliberately concise and in some cases require fuller explanation, which we plan to provide in a future publication.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T1"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Definitions</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col>
<col align="left"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Biocode</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">The totality of DNA sequences in a given <italic>unit of biological organization,</italic>
such as a: <italic>cell</italic>
(e.g., the Yeast Biocode includes both its nuclear and mitochondrial genomes); <italic>organism</italic>
(e.g., the Human Biocode includes both the Human Genome and the Human Microbiome); <italic>ecosystem</italic>
(e.g., the Moorea Biocode includes all the genomes on the island); <italic>planet</italic>
(e.g., the Earth Biocode includes all the genomes on the planet)<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Biocoding the earth</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">The aspirational target of sequencing every genome on the planet. While a theoretical goal that is clearly unattainable in practice, strategic genome sequencing (e.g., as proposed by the Global Genome Initiative <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.mnh.si.edu/ggi/">http://www.mnh.si.edu/ggi/</ext-link>
) can cover the major variation found among genomes on Earth<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Planetary genome</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">A special case of the biocode: the sum of all genomes that exist on Earth at a given time. (N.B. (nota bene): the existence of a planetary genome neither implies that natural selection acts at this level, nor that the phenotype of the planetary genome is adapted for its preservation and propagation)<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Genomic biodiversity</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">The genetic variation found among genomes<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Biodiversity genomics</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">The field of scientific study that maps genomic biodiversity over space and time, investigates the functional consequences of this variation, and seeks to explain how it is generated and maintained<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Ecosystem</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">A biological community of interacting organisms in their physical and chemical environment<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Genomic Observatory</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">An <italic>ecosystem</italic>
and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="bottom"><bold>Genomic Observatories (GOs) Network</bold>
<hr></hr>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">A network (i) of <italic>ecosystems</italic>
and <italic>sites</italic>
, which are often already part of existing scientific networks, (ii) of <italic>researchers</italic>
, who are intensively studying one or more GOs, and (iii) of <italic>institutions</italic>
, <italic>infrastructures</italic>
, and <italic>initiatives</italic>
, whose work aligns with the GOs Network’s mission<hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left"><bold>Future ‘omics</bold>
(futuromics)</td>
<td align="left">The preservation of biological samples for eventual study of their nucleotide and protein sequences through the techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other ‘omics’ analyses</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<p>Most importantly, we define a ‘Genomic Observatory’ as an ecosystem, and/or a site within an ecosystem, that is the subject of long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity. An <italic>observatory</italic>
is the institutionalized act of observing, and so for a given ecosystem (and/or site) to be recognized as a Genomic Observatory, one or more institutions (e.g., field station, marine laboratory, museum, university, etc.) should express, and preferably have demonstrated, their long-term commitment to the scientific study of that system’s genomic biodiversity. One important feature of this definition is that it allows the establishment of new genomic observatories, while recognizing the value of those that have existing time-series data already.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Mission and vision</title>
<p>The mission of the GOs Network is to work towards Biocoding the Earth; integrating DNA data into Earth observing systems and eventually building a global Genomic Observatory within the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
].</p>
<p>The vision of the GOs Network is to:</p>
<p>• Advance the science of biodiversity genomics through a global network of premier research organizations generating well-contextualized genomic biodiversity observations compliant with global data standards.</p>
<p>• Coordinate a set of long-term DNA-centric research programs (actions) at local, regional, and global scales that help develop and implement common standards and best practices for quantifying genomic biodiversity and mapping biotic interactions over time.</p>
<p>• Partner with natural history museums, repositories, and bio-banks, (e.g., members of the Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
]) to preserve well-contextualized samples (environmental samples and organismal specimens) for future ‘omics analysis, including whole genomes and metagenomes.</p>
<p>• Work with the broader scientific community to develop predictive models of biodiversity, ecosystem services and evolutionary potential [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
] - especially with respect to global change.</p>
<p>• Provide training, technical assistance, resources, and best practice guides as a learning platform for individuals and organizations wishing to carry out genomic observations at genomic observatories and beyond.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Governance and membership</title>
<p>The GOs Network is a collaboration of the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) and the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) through its Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
]. The GSC is incubating the GOs Network, and GEO BON has listed it as a key deliverable. Through this pathway, the GOs Network will also contribute to the new Future Earth program [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
] for global sustainability research, thus promoting links to other scientific disciplines and helping forge partnerships with policy makers and other stakeholders.</p>
<p>Working under GEO reflects our mission of integrating genomic data into GEOSS, while working under GSC ensures that these data are fit for that purpose. Initially, a GOs Network Board, including representatives of key stakeholders, will administer the GOs Network and set its strategic objectives (this charter). One of the first tasks of the Board is to define criteria for membership of the GOs Network and to put in place a governance mechanism and operating procedures. All co-authors of this article are considered “founding individual members” of the GOs Network.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Research coordination activities</title>
<p>The GOs Network will focus on coordinating activities, such as (1) Organizing an annual meeting (GOs Network Conference) involving all network members and other interested parties worldwide; (2) Co-organizing regional and thematic meetings (GOs Network Workshops) in collaboration with partner organizations; (3) Maintaining a online registry of Genomic Observatories; (4) Participating in standards development efforts, for example, through the <italic>Genomic Biodiversity Working Group</italic>
(GBWG) - a collaboration of the GSC and the Biodiversity Information Standards organization (TDWG.org); and (5) contributing to GEO and GEOSS, particularly through the cross-cutting Working Group 1 (Genetics) of GEO BON.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Actions</title>
<p>The GOs Network will support actions aiming to build a coordinated and well-contextualized set of genomic biodiversity observations and archived vouchers (specimens and environmental samples). In particular, the GOs Network aims to provide a roadmap for ecosystem-based Genomic Biodiversity Assessment Reports as one of its contributions to GEO BON. These reports might start with a simple checklist of species, building up to a DNA barcode library and eventually to metagenomic inventories. The former will contribute towards the International Barcode of Life (IBOL) initiative and work towards the latter is already underway through the GOs Network’s first action, <italic>Ocean Sampling Day</italic>
(OSD) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
], an initiative of the EU FP7 Project Micro B3 to carry out coordinated sampling of marine microbial communities on June 21, 2014. The GOs Network will help expand the scope of OSD to include new geographies, sampling approaches, taxa and environments, and to maintain this action beyond 2014. OSD represents the GOs Network’s first attempt to aggregate participating sites into a global genomic observatory and to begin functioning as a distributed major research infrastructure. The GOs Network will build on OSD to support development of Marine Biodiversity Observation Networks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
], particularly through the coordinated actions of leading marine Genomic Observatories.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Biocode commons</title>
<p>The GOs Network intends to adopt the Biocode Commons as its informatics stack - a primary forum for sharing tools that support genomic observations from collection through analysis and publication, bringing together developers, scientists and standards (see: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://biocodecommons.org/">http://biocodecommons.org/</ext-link>
). Eventually, the Biocode Commons might aim to provide a one-stop shop for genomic biodiversity data and scientific workflows from genomic observatories. We believe that wherever feasible these data should be fully compliant with global data standards, machine-readable, <italic>and</italic>
(while respecting legitimate concerns for privacy and for the protection of endangered species) accessible without restriction to the scientific community [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Genomic biodiversity represents the foundational data layer for biological research. The Genomic Observatories (GOs) Network brings together premier research sites to develop ‘systems-based’ approaches that integrate genomics into ecological, evolutionary, and socio-environmental studies. This paper outlines the network’s mission and seeks broad community participation in this collaborative effort.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Abbreviations</title>
<p>GEO: Group on Earth Observations; GEO BON: Group on Earth Observation Biodiversity Observation Network; GEOSS: Global Earth Observation System of Systems; GGI: Global Genome Initiative; GGBN: Global Genome Biodiversity Network; GSC: Genomic Standards Consortium; IBOL: International Barcode of Life; OSD: Ocean Sampling Day.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Competing interests</title>
<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Authors’ contributions</title>
<p>ND and DF drafted the original text with detailed input from GOs Steering Committee members (LAZ, MC, JD, AD, DPF, JG, JG, FOG, PH, JL, CM, MO, SP, CS, APV, VBL, RG, and RT) and broad consultation with all the co-authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p>
</sec>
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<back><sec><title>Acknowledgements</title>
<p>This paper is contribution #201 of the Gump South Pacific Research Station. This work was supported in part by: The National Science Foundation (RCN4GSC, DBI-0840989; BiSciCol, DBI-BRC-0956350); the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Moorea Biocode Project); the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357; The Micro B3 project is funded from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (Joint Call OCEAN.2011‒2: Marine microbial diversity – new insights into marine ecosystems functioning and its biotechnological potential) under the grant agreement no 287589; the Smithsonian Institution (Grand Challenges Consortia).</p>
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