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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The <italic>Amphimedon queenslandica</italic> genome and the evolution of animal complexity</title><author><name sortKey="Srivastava, Mansi" sort="Srivastava, Mansi" uniqKey="Srivastava M" first="Mansi" last="Srivastava">Mansi Srivastava</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simakov, Oleg" sort="Simakov, Oleg" uniqKey="Simakov O" first="Oleg" last="Simakov">Oleg Simakov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Molecular Evolution Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Jarrod" sort="Chapman, Jarrod" uniqKey="Chapman J" first="Jarrod" last="Chapman">Jarrod Chapman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fahey, Bryony" sort="Fahey, Bryony" uniqKey="Fahey B" first="Bryony" last="Fahey">Bryony Fahey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gauthier, Marie E A" sort="Gauthier, Marie E A" uniqKey="Gauthier M" first="Marie E. A." last="Gauthier">Marie E. A. Gauthier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitros, Therese" sort="Mitros, Therese" uniqKey="Mitros T" first="Therese" last="Mitros">Therese Mitros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Gemma S" sort="Richards, Gemma S" uniqKey="Richards G" first="Gemma S." last="Richards">Gemma S. Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conaco, Cecilia" sort="Conaco, Cecilia" uniqKey="Conaco C" first="Cecilia" last="Conaco">Cecilia Conaco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dacre, Michael" sort="Dacre, Michael" uniqKey="Dacre M" first="Michael" last="Dacre">Michael Dacre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellsten, Uffe" sort="Hellsten, Uffe" uniqKey="Hellsten U" first="Uffe" last="Hellsten">Uffe Hellsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larroux, Claire" sort="Larroux, Claire" uniqKey="Larroux C" first="Claire" last="Larroux">Claire Larroux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Putnam, Nicholas H" sort="Putnam, Nicholas H" uniqKey="Putnam N" first="Nicholas H." last="Putnam">Nicholas H. Putnam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanke, Mario" sort="Stanke, Mario" uniqKey="Stanke M" first="Mario" last="Stanke">Mario Stanke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Abteilung für Bioinformatik, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adamska, Maja" sort="Adamska, Maja" uniqKey="Adamska M" first="Maja" last="Adamska">Maja Adamska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darling, Aaron" sort="Darling, Aaron" uniqKey="Darling A" first="Aaron" last="Darling">Aaron Darling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degnan, Sandie M" sort="Degnan, Sandie M" uniqKey="Degnan S" first="Sandie M." last="Degnan">Sandie M. Degnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oakley, Todd H" sort="Oakley, Todd H" uniqKey="Oakley T" first="Todd H." last="Oakley">Todd H. Oakley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plachetzki, David C" sort="Plachetzki, David C" uniqKey="Plachetzki D" first="David C." last="Plachetzki">David C. Plachetzki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Yufeng" sort="Zhai, Yufeng" uniqKey="Zhai Y" first="Yufeng" last="Zhai">Yufeng Zhai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adamski, Marcin" sort="Adamski, Marcin" uniqKey="Adamski M" first="Marcin" last="Adamski">Marcin Adamski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calcino, Andrew" sort="Calcino, Andrew" uniqKey="Calcino A" first="Andrew" last="Calcino">Andrew Calcino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cummins, Scott F" sort="Cummins, Scott F" uniqKey="Cummins S" first="Scott F." last="Cummins">Scott F. Cummins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodstein, David M" sort="Goodstein, David M" uniqKey="Goodstein D" first="David M." last="Goodstein">David M. Goodstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Christina" sort="Harris, Christina" uniqKey="Harris C" first="Christina" last="Harris">Christina Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Daniel J" sort="Jackson, Daniel J" uniqKey="Jackson D" first="Daniel J." last="Jackson">Daniel J. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leys, Sally P" sort="Leys, Sally P" uniqKey="Leys S" first="Sally P." last="Leys">Sally P. Leys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Shengqiang" sort="Shu, Shengqiang" uniqKey="Shu S" first="Shengqiang" last="Shu">Shengqiang Shu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woodcroft, Ben J" sort="Woodcroft, Ben J" uniqKey="Woodcroft B" first="Ben J." last="Woodcroft">Ben J. Woodcroft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vervoort, Michel" sort="Vervoort, Michel" uniqKey="Vervoort M" first="Michel" last="Vervoort">Michel Vervoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Development and Neurobiology program Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kosik, Kenneth S" sort="Kosik, Kenneth S" uniqKey="Kosik K" first="Kenneth S." last="Kosik">Kenneth S. Kosik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, Gerard" sort="Manning, Gerard" uniqKey="Manning G" first="Gerard" last="Manning">Gerard Manning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degnan, Bernard M" sort="Degnan, Bernard M" uniqKey="Degnan B" first="Bernard M." last="Degnan">Bernard M. Degnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rokhsar, Daniel S" sort="Rokhsar, Daniel S" uniqKey="Rokhsar D" first="Daniel S." last="Rokhsar">Daniel S. Rokhsar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20686567</idno><idno type="pmc">3130542</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130542</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3130542</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature09201</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001532</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001532</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The <italic>Amphimedon queenslandica</italic> genome and the evolution of animal complexity</title><author><name sortKey="Srivastava, Mansi" sort="Srivastava, Mansi" uniqKey="Srivastava M" first="Mansi" last="Srivastava">Mansi Srivastava</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simakov, Oleg" sort="Simakov, Oleg" uniqKey="Simakov O" first="Oleg" last="Simakov">Oleg Simakov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Molecular Evolution Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Jarrod" sort="Chapman, Jarrod" uniqKey="Chapman J" first="Jarrod" last="Chapman">Jarrod Chapman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fahey, Bryony" sort="Fahey, Bryony" uniqKey="Fahey B" first="Bryony" last="Fahey">Bryony Fahey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gauthier, Marie E A" sort="Gauthier, Marie E A" uniqKey="Gauthier M" first="Marie E. A." last="Gauthier">Marie E. A. Gauthier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitros, Therese" sort="Mitros, Therese" uniqKey="Mitros T" first="Therese" last="Mitros">Therese Mitros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Gemma S" sort="Richards, Gemma S" uniqKey="Richards G" first="Gemma S." last="Richards">Gemma S. Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conaco, Cecilia" sort="Conaco, Cecilia" uniqKey="Conaco C" first="Cecilia" last="Conaco">Cecilia Conaco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dacre, Michael" sort="Dacre, Michael" uniqKey="Dacre M" first="Michael" last="Dacre">Michael Dacre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellsten, Uffe" sort="Hellsten, Uffe" uniqKey="Hellsten U" first="Uffe" last="Hellsten">Uffe Hellsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larroux, Claire" sort="Larroux, Claire" uniqKey="Larroux C" first="Claire" last="Larroux">Claire Larroux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Putnam, Nicholas H" sort="Putnam, Nicholas H" uniqKey="Putnam N" first="Nicholas H." last="Putnam">Nicholas H. Putnam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanke, Mario" sort="Stanke, Mario" uniqKey="Stanke M" first="Mario" last="Stanke">Mario Stanke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Abteilung für Bioinformatik, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adamska, Maja" sort="Adamska, Maja" uniqKey="Adamska M" first="Maja" last="Adamska">Maja Adamska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darling, Aaron" sort="Darling, Aaron" uniqKey="Darling A" first="Aaron" last="Darling">Aaron Darling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degnan, Sandie M" sort="Degnan, Sandie M" uniqKey="Degnan S" first="Sandie M." last="Degnan">Sandie M. Degnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oakley, Todd H" sort="Oakley, Todd H" uniqKey="Oakley T" first="Todd H." last="Oakley">Todd H. Oakley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plachetzki, David C" sort="Plachetzki, David C" uniqKey="Plachetzki D" first="David C." last="Plachetzki">David C. Plachetzki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Yufeng" sort="Zhai, Yufeng" uniqKey="Zhai Y" first="Yufeng" last="Zhai">Yufeng Zhai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adamski, Marcin" sort="Adamski, Marcin" uniqKey="Adamski M" first="Marcin" last="Adamski">Marcin Adamski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calcino, Andrew" sort="Calcino, Andrew" uniqKey="Calcino A" first="Andrew" last="Calcino">Andrew Calcino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cummins, Scott F" sort="Cummins, Scott F" uniqKey="Cummins S" first="Scott F." last="Cummins">Scott F. Cummins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodstein, David M" sort="Goodstein, David M" uniqKey="Goodstein D" first="David M." last="Goodstein">David M. Goodstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Christina" sort="Harris, Christina" uniqKey="Harris C" first="Christina" last="Harris">Christina Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Daniel J" sort="Jackson, Daniel J" uniqKey="Jackson D" first="Daniel J." last="Jackson">Daniel J. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leys, Sally P" sort="Leys, Sally P" uniqKey="Leys S" first="Sally P." last="Leys">Sally P. Leys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Shengqiang" sort="Shu, Shengqiang" uniqKey="Shu S" first="Shengqiang" last="Shu">Shengqiang Shu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woodcroft, Ben J" sort="Woodcroft, Ben J" uniqKey="Woodcroft B" first="Ben J." last="Woodcroft">Ben J. Woodcroft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vervoort, Michel" sort="Vervoort, Michel" uniqKey="Vervoort M" first="Michel" last="Vervoort">Michel Vervoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Development and Neurobiology program Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kosik, Kenneth S" sort="Kosik, Kenneth S" uniqKey="Kosik K" first="Kenneth S." last="Kosik">Kenneth S. Kosik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, Gerard" sort="Manning, Gerard" uniqKey="Manning G" first="Gerard" last="Manning">Gerard Manning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degnan, Bernard M" sort="Degnan, Bernard M" uniqKey="Degnan B" first="Bernard M." last="Degnan">Bernard M. Degnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rokhsar, Daniel S" sort="Rokhsar, Daniel S" uniqKey="Rokhsar D" first="Daniel S." last="Rokhsar">Daniel S. Rokhsar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Sponges are an ancient group of animals that diverged from other metazoans over 600 million years ago. Here we present the draft genome sequence of <italic>Amphimedon queenslandica</italic>, a demosponge from the Great Barrier Reef, and show that it is remarkably similar to other animal genomes in content, structure and organization. Comparative analysis enabled by the sequencing of the sponge genome reveals genomic events linked to the origin and early evolution of animals, including the appearance, expansion and diversification of pan-metazoan transcription factor, signalling pathway and structural genes. This diverse ‘toolkit’ of genes correlates with critical aspects of all metazoan body plans, and comprises cell cycle control and growth, development, somatic- and germ-cell specification, cell adhesion, innate immunity and allorecognition. Notably, many of the genes associated with the emergence of animals are also implicated in cancer, which arises from defects in basic processes associated with metazoan multicellularity.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0410462</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6011</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nature</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0028-0836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1476-4687</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20686567</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3130542</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nature09201</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS300870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The <italic>Amphimedon queenslandica</italic> genome and the evolution of animal complexity</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Srivastava</surname><given-names>Mansi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Simakov</surname><given-names>Oleg</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chapman</surname><given-names>Jarrod</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fahey</surname><given-names>Bryony</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gauthier</surname><given-names>Marie E. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitros</surname><given-names>Therese</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richards</surname><given-names>Gemma S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Conaco</surname><given-names>Cecilia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dacre</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hellsten</surname><given-names>Uffe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Larroux</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Putnam</surname><given-names>Nicholas H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stanke</surname><given-names>Mario</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adamska</surname><given-names>Maja</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Darling</surname><given-names>Aaron</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Degnan</surname><given-names>Sandie M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oakley</surname><given-names>Todd H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Plachetzki</surname><given-names>David C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhai</surname><given-names>Yufeng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adamski</surname><given-names>Marcin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Calcino</surname><given-names>Andrew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cummins</surname><given-names>Scott F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goodstein</surname><given-names>David M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harris</surname><given-names>Christina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jackson</surname><given-names>Daniel J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leys</surname><given-names>Sally P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shu</surname><given-names>Shengqiang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woodcroft</surname><given-names>Ben J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vervoort</surname><given-names>Michel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kosik</surname><given-names>Kenneth S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manning</surname><given-names>Gerard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Degnan</surname><given-names>Bernard M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rokhsar</surname><given-names>Daniel S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Molecular Evolution Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Abteilung für Bioinformatik, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Development and Neurobiology program Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.S. (<email>mansi@wi.mit.edu</email>), B.M.D. (<email>b.degnan@uq.edu.au</email>) or D.S.R. (<email>dsrokhsar@gmail.com</email>)</corresp><fn id="FN1" fn-type="present-address"><label>†</label><p id="P1">Present addresses: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA (M.S.); Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland (M.E.A.G.); Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Bergen, Norway (G.S.R., Maj.A., Mar.A.); Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr.3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J.J.).</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>13</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>5</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>6</day><month>7</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>466</volume><issue>7307</issue><fpage>720</fpage><lpage>726</lpage><abstract><p id="P2">Sponges are an ancient group of animals that diverged from other metazoans over 600 million years ago. Here we present the draft genome sequence of <italic>Amphimedon queenslandica</italic>, a demosponge from the Great Barrier Reef, and show that it is remarkably similar to other animal genomes in content, structure and organization. Comparative analysis enabled by the sequencing of the sponge genome reveals genomic events linked to the origin and early evolution of animals, including the appearance, expansion and diversification of pan-metazoan transcription factor, signalling pathway and structural genes. This diverse ‘toolkit’ of genes correlates with critical aspects of all metazoan body plans, and comprises cell cycle control and growth, development, somatic- and germ-cell specification, cell adhesion, innate immunity and allorecognition. Notably, many of the genes associated with the emergence of animals are also implicated in cancer, which arises from defects in basic processes associated with metazoan multicellularity.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Human Genome Research Institute : NHGRI</funding-source><award-id>R01 HG004164-04 || HG</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Human Genome Research Institute : NHGRI</funding-source><award-id>R01 HG004164-03 || HG</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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