Classification of cell death
Identifieur interne : 001487 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001486; suivant : 001488Classification of cell death
Auteurs : G. Kroemer ; L. Galluzzi ; P. Vandenabeele ; J. Abrams ; Es Alnemri ; Eh Baehrecke ; Mv Blagosklonny ; Ws El-Deiry ; P. Golstein ; Dr Green ; M. Hengartner ; Ra Knight ; S. Kumar ; Sa Lipton ; W. Malorni ; G. Nu Ez ; Me Peter ; J. Tschopp ; J. Yuan ; M. Piacentini ; B. Zhivotovsky ; G. MelinoSource :
- Cell death and differentiation [ 1350-9047 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors, reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions like ‘percentage apoptosis’ and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and that ‘autophagic cell death’ is a type of cell death occurring together with (but not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including ‘entosis’, ‘mitotic catastrophe’, ‘necrosis’, ‘necroptosis’ and ‘pyroptosis’.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.150
PubMed: 18846107
PubMed Central: 2744427
Links to Exploration step
PMC:2744427Le document en format XML
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Galluzzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenabeele, P" sort="Vandenabeele, P" uniqKey="Vandenabeele P" first="P" last="Vandenabeele">P. Vandenabeele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent B-9052, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Gent B-9052, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrams, J" sort="Abrams, J" uniqKey="Abrams J" first="J" last="Abrams">J. Abrams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alnemri, Es" sort="Alnemri, Es" uniqKey="Alnemri E" first="Es" last="Alnemri">Es Alnemri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baehrecke, Eh" sort="Baehrecke, Eh" uniqKey="Baehrecke E" first="Eh" last="Baehrecke">Eh Baehrecke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blagosklonny, Mv" sort="Blagosklonny, Mv" uniqKey="Blagosklonny M" first="Mv" last="Blagosklonny">Mv Blagosklonny</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Center, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, NY 12208, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Deiry, Ws" sort="El Deiry, Ws" uniqKey="El Deiry W" first="Ws" last="El-Deiry">Ws El-Deiry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golstein, P" sort="Golstein, P" uniqKey="Golstein P" first="P" last="Golstein">P. Golstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">CNRS, U631, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">INSERM, UMR612, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Green, Dr" sort="Green, Dr" uniqKey="Green D" first="Dr" last="Green">Dr Green</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hengartner, M" sort="Hengartner, M" uniqKey="Hengartner M" first="M" last="Hengartner">M. Hengartner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, Ra" sort="Knight, Ra" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Ra" last="Knight">Ra Knight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" sort="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="S" last="Kumar">S. Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Hanson Institute, IMVS, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipton, Sa" sort="Lipton, Sa" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="Sa" last="Lipton">Sa Lipton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Burnham Institute for Medical Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malorni, W" sort="Malorni, W" uniqKey="Malorni W" first="W" last="Malorni">W. Malorni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nu Ez, G" sort="Nu Ez, G" uniqKey="Nu Ez G" first="G" last="Nu Ez">G. Nu Ez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peter, Me" sort="Peter, Me" uniqKey="Peter M" first="Me" last="Peter">Me Peter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tschopp, J" sort="Tschopp, J" uniqKey="Tschopp J" first="J" last="Tschopp">J. Tschopp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, J" sort="Yuan, J" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="J" last="Yuan">J. Yuan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani’, Rome I-00149, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhivotovsky, B" sort="Zhivotovsky, B" uniqKey="Zhivotovsky B" first="B" last="Zhivotovsky">B. Zhivotovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17111, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18846107</idno><idno type="pmc">2744427</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744427</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2744427</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/cdd.2008.150</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001487</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001487</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Classification of cell death</title><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, G" sort="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="G" last="Kroemer">G. Kroemer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" sort="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L" first="L" last="Galluzzi">L. Galluzzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenabeele, P" sort="Vandenabeele, P" uniqKey="Vandenabeele P" first="P" last="Vandenabeele">P. Vandenabeele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent B-9052, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Gent B-9052, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrams, J" sort="Abrams, J" uniqKey="Abrams J" first="J" last="Abrams">J. Abrams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alnemri, Es" sort="Alnemri, Es" uniqKey="Alnemri E" first="Es" last="Alnemri">Es Alnemri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baehrecke, Eh" sort="Baehrecke, Eh" uniqKey="Baehrecke E" first="Eh" last="Baehrecke">Eh Baehrecke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blagosklonny, Mv" sort="Blagosklonny, Mv" uniqKey="Blagosklonny M" first="Mv" last="Blagosklonny">Mv Blagosklonny</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Center, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, NY 12208, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Deiry, Ws" sort="El Deiry, Ws" uniqKey="El Deiry W" first="Ws" last="El-Deiry">Ws El-Deiry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golstein, P" sort="Golstein, P" uniqKey="Golstein P" first="P" last="Golstein">P. Golstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">CNRS, U631, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">INSERM, UMR612, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Green, Dr" sort="Green, Dr" uniqKey="Green D" first="Dr" last="Green">Dr Green</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hengartner, M" sort="Hengartner, M" uniqKey="Hengartner M" first="M" last="Hengartner">M. Hengartner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, Ra" sort="Knight, Ra" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Ra" last="Knight">Ra Knight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" sort="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="S" last="Kumar">S. Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Hanson Institute, IMVS, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipton, Sa" sort="Lipton, Sa" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="Sa" last="Lipton">Sa Lipton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Burnham Institute for Medical Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malorni, W" sort="Malorni, W" uniqKey="Malorni W" first="W" last="Malorni">W. Malorni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nu Ez, G" sort="Nu Ez, G" uniqKey="Nu Ez G" first="G" last="Nu Ez">G. Nu Ez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peter, Me" sort="Peter, Me" uniqKey="Peter M" first="Me" last="Peter">Me Peter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tschopp, J" sort="Tschopp, J" uniqKey="Tschopp J" first="J" last="Tschopp">J. Tschopp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, J" sort="Yuan, J" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="J" last="Yuan">J. Yuan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani’, Rome I-00149, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhivotovsky, B" sort="Zhivotovsky, B" uniqKey="Zhivotovsky B" first="B" last="Zhivotovsky">B. Zhivotovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17111, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cell death and differentiation</title><idno type="ISSN">1350-9047</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-5403</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors, reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions like ‘percentage apoptosis’ and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and that ‘autophagic cell death’ is a type of cell death occurring together with (but not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including ‘entosis’, ‘mitotic catastrophe’, ‘necrosis’, ‘necroptosis’ and ‘pyroptosis’.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9437445</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">20326</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cell Death Differ</journal-id><journal-title>Cell death and differentiation</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">1350-9047</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1476-5403</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18846107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2744427</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/cdd.2008.150</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS102504</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Classification of cell death</article-title><subtitle>recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009</subtitle></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kroemer</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Galluzzi</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vandenabeele</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abrams</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alnemri</surname><given-names>ES</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baehrecke</surname><given-names>EH</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blagosklonny</surname><given-names>MV</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>El-Deiry</surname><given-names>WS</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Golstein</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Green</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hengartner</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Knight</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lipton</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malorni</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nuñez</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peter</surname><given-names>ME</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tschopp</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuan</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piacentini</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhivotovsky</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Melino</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805, France</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent B-9052, Belgium</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Gent B-9052, Belgium</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Cancer Center, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, NY 12208, USA</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille F-13288, France</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>CNRS, U631, Marseille F-13288, France</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>INSERM, UMR612, Marseille F-13288, France</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Hanson Institute, IMVS, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Burnham Institute for Medical Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186, USA</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161, Italy</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani’, Rome I-00149, Italy</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17111, Sweden</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK</aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="corresp" id="FN1"><label>*</label><p id="P1">Corresponding author: G Kroemer, INSERM U848, Institut Gustave Roussy, Pavillon de Recherche 1, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif F-94805, France. Tel: +33 1 42 11 60 46; Fax: +33 1 42 11 60 47; E-mail: <email>kroemer@igr.fr</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>17</day><month>3</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>15</day><month>9</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p id="P2">Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors, reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions like ‘percentage apoptosis’ and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and that ‘autophagic cell death’ is a type of cell death occurring together with (but not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including ‘entosis’, ‘mitotic catastrophe’, ‘necrosis’, ‘necroptosis’ and ‘pyroptosis’.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>cornification</kwd><kwd>excitotoxicity</kwd><kwd>necrosis</kwd><kwd>Wallerian degeneration</kwd></kwd-group><contract-num rid="GM1">R01 GM079431-04</contract-num><contract-num rid="GM1">R01 GM059136-10</contract-num><contract-num rid="EY1">R01 EY005477-24</contract-num><contract-sponsor id="GM1">National Institute of General Medical Sciences : NIGMS</contract-sponsor><contract-sponsor id="EY1">National Eye Institute : NEI</contract-sponsor></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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