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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early <italic>Homo sapiens</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Smith, Tanya M" sort="Smith, Tanya M" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Tanya M." last="Smith">Tanya M. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tafforeau, Paul" sort="Tafforeau, Paul" uniqKey="Tafforeau P" first="Paul" last="Tafforeau">Paul Tafforeau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Laboratoire de Géobiologie, Biochronologie et Paléontologie Humaine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38046 Grenoble Cedex, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Donald J" sort="Reid, Donald J" uniqKey="Reid D" first="Donald J." last="Reid">Donald J. Reid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grun, Rainer" sort="Grun, Rainer" uniqKey="Grun R" first="Rainer" last="Grün">Rainer Grün</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggins, Stephen" sort="Eggins, Stephen" uniqKey="Eggins S" first="Stephen" last="Eggins">Stephen Eggins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boutakiout, Mohamed" sort="Boutakiout, Mohamed" uniqKey="Boutakiout M" first="Mohamed" last="Boutakiout">Mohamed Boutakiout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">**Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V-Agdal, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hublin, Jean Jacques" sort="Hublin, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Hublin J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Hublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">17372199</idno><idno type="pmc">1828706</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828706</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1828706</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0700747104</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001389</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001389</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early <italic>Homo sapiens</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Smith, Tanya M" sort="Smith, Tanya M" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Tanya M." last="Smith">Tanya M. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tafforeau, Paul" sort="Tafforeau, Paul" uniqKey="Tafforeau P" first="Paul" last="Tafforeau">Paul Tafforeau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Laboratoire de Géobiologie, Biochronologie et Paléontologie Humaine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38046 Grenoble Cedex, France;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Donald J" sort="Reid, Donald J" uniqKey="Reid D" first="Donald J." last="Reid">Donald J. Reid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grun, Rainer" sort="Grun, Rainer" uniqKey="Grun R" first="Rainer" last="Grün">Rainer Grün</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggins, Stephen" sort="Eggins, Stephen" uniqKey="Eggins S" first="Stephen" last="Eggins">Stephen Eggins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff5">Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boutakiout, Mohamed" sort="Boutakiout, Mohamed" uniqKey="Boutakiout M" first="Mohamed" last="Boutakiout">Mohamed Boutakiout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">**Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V-Agdal, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hublin, Jean Jacques" sort="Hublin, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Hublin J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Hublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Recent developmental studies demonstrate that early fossil hominins possessed shorter growth periods than living humans, implying disparate life histories. Analyses of incremental features in teeth provide an accurate means of assessing the age at death of developing dentitions, facilitating direct comparisons with fossil and modern humans. It is currently unknown when and where the prolonged modern human developmental condition originated. Here, an application of x-ray synchrotron microtomography reveals that an early <italic>Homo sapiens</italic> juvenile from Morocco dated at 160,000 years before present displays an equivalent degree of tooth development to modern European children at the same age. Crown formation times in the juvenile's macrodont dentition are higher than modern human mean values, whereas root development is accelerated relative to modern humans but is less than living apes and some fossil hominins. The juvenile from Jebel Irhoud is currently the oldest-known member of <italic>Homo</italic> with a developmental pattern (degree of eruption, developmental stage, and crown formation time) that is more similar to modern <italic>H. sapiens</italic> than to earlier members of <italic>Homo</italic>. This study also underscores the continuing importance of North Africa for understanding the origins of human anatomical and behavioral modernity. Corresponding biological and cultural changes may have appeared relatively late in the course of human evolution.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17372199</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1828706</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5658</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0700747104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><series-title>From the Cover</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early <italic>Homo sapiens</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Tanya M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tafforeau</surname><given-names>Paul</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>§</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reid</surname><given-names>Donald J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grün</surname><given-names>Rainer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>‖</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eggins</surname><given-names>Stephen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>‖</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boutakiout</surname><given-names>Mohamed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">**</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hublin</surname><given-names>Jean-Jacques</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1">*Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>‡</sup>Laboratoire de Géobiologie, Biochronologie et Paléontologie Humaine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>§</sup>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38046 Grenoble Cedex, France;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>¶</sup>Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>‖</sup>Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; and</aff><aff id="aff6">**Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V-Agdal, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>†</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
<addr-line>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.</addr-line> E-mail: <email>tsmith@eva.mpg.de</email></corresp><fn fn-type="com"><p>Communicated by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, February 1, 2007</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: T.M.S., P.T., and J.-J.H. designed research; T.M.S., P.T., D.J.R., R.G., and S.E. performed research; M.B. and J.-J.H. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; T.M.S., P.T., and D.J.R. analyzed data; and T.M.S., P.T., R.G., S.E., and J.-J.H. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>10</day><month>4</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>15</issue><fpage>6128</fpage><lpage>6133</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2006</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><p>Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.</p></license><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="zpq01507006128.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Recent developmental studies demonstrate that early fossil hominins possessed shorter growth periods than living humans, implying disparate life histories. Analyses of incremental features in teeth provide an accurate means of assessing the age at death of developing dentitions, facilitating direct comparisons with fossil and modern humans. It is currently unknown when and where the prolonged modern human developmental condition originated. Here, an application of x-ray synchrotron microtomography reveals that an early <italic>Homo sapiens</italic> juvenile from Morocco dated at 160,000 years before present displays an equivalent degree of tooth development to modern European children at the same age. Crown formation times in the juvenile's macrodont dentition are higher than modern human mean values, whereas root development is accelerated relative to modern humans but is less than living apes and some fossil hominins. The juvenile from Jebel Irhoud is currently the oldest-known member of <italic>Homo</italic> with a developmental pattern (degree of eruption, developmental stage, and crown formation time) that is more similar to modern <italic>H. sapiens</italic> than to earlier members of <italic>Homo</italic>. This study also underscores the continuing importance of North Africa for understanding the origins of human anatomical and behavioral modernity. Corresponding biological and cultural changes may have appeared relatively late in the course of human evolution.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>dental development</kwd><kwd>human evolution</kwd><kwd>human origins</kwd><kwd>synchrotron microtomography</kwd><kwd>tooth growth</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>PDF</meta-name><meta-value><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zpq01507006128.pdf"></uri></meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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