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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Regarding “A process-based review of mouse models of pulmonary hypertension”</title><author><name sortKey="Menache, Andre" sort="Menache, Andre" uniqKey="Menache A" first="Andre" last="Menache">Andre Menache</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Antidote Europe, Perpignan, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keogh, Anne" sort="Keogh, Anne" uniqKey="Keogh A" first="Anne" last="Keogh">Anne Keogh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E-mail:<email xlink:href="andre.menache@gmail.com">andre.menache@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24015349</idno><idno type="pmc">3757844</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3757844</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3757844</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/2045-8932.114782</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001321</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001321</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Regarding “A process-based review of mouse models of pulmonary hypertension”</title><author><name sortKey="Menache, Andre" sort="Menache, Andre" uniqKey="Menache A" first="Andre" last="Menache">Andre Menache</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Antidote Europe, Perpignan, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keogh, Anne" sort="Keogh, Anne" uniqKey="Keogh A" first="Anne" last="Keogh">Anne Keogh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E-mail:<email xlink:href="andre.menache@gmail.com">andre.menache@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Pulmonary Circulation</title><idno type="ISSN">2045-8932</idno><idno type="eISSN">2045-8940</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crowley, Wf" uniqKey="Crowley W">WF Crowley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Contopoulos Ioannidis, Dg" uniqKey="Contopoulos Ioannidis D">DG Contopoulos-Ioannidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ntzani, E" uniqKey="Ntzani E">E Ntzani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ioannidis, Jp" uniqKey="Ioannidis J">JP Ioannidis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greek, R" uniqKey="Greek R">R Greek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Mj" uniqKey="Rice M">MJ Rice</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shanks, N" uniqKey="Shanks N">N Shanks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greek, R" uniqKey="Greek R">R Greek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greek, R" uniqKey="Greek R">R Greek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menache, A" uniqKey="Menache A">A Menache</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Mj" uniqKey="Rice M">MJ Rice</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Pulm Circ</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pulm Circ</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PC</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Pulmonary Circulation</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2045-8932</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2045-8940</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24015349</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3757844</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PC-3-447a</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/2045-8932.114782</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Letter to Editor</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Regarding “A process-based review of mouse models of pulmonary hypertension”</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Menache</surname><given-names>Andre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Keogh</surname><given-names>Anne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Antidote Europe, Perpignan, France</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E-mail:<email xlink:href="andre.menache@gmail.com">andre.menache@gmail.com</email></aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>Apr-Jun</season><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage seq="a">447</fpage><lpage>447</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Pulmonary Circulation</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions></article-meta></front><body><p>Editor:</p><p>We wish to respond to the review article by Mita Das et al. entitled “A process-based review of mouse models of pulmonary hypertension” (Pulmonary Circulation October-December 2012:2[4]. Genetically modified mouse models have provided curious data for researchers in cancer, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, substance abuse, anxiety, aging, and Parkinson's disease; but how cost-effective or translational is this mouse research? Just one gene knockout kit will set you back US $ 38,000.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>] Crowley[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] and Contopoulos-Ioannidis et al.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] have shown that successful translation to humans for this kind of basic research is exceedingly rare.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>]</p><p>According to the review article “Transgenic mouse models are a perfect tool for studying the processes involved in pulmonary vascular function and disease, and can be used effectively to test interventions designed against particular molecular pathways and processes involved in disease.” Unfortunately, any attempt to extrapolate results between complex systems with different evolutionary trajectories (mice and humans are examples of complex systems, separated by 70 million years) will be limited to conserved processes whose trait or response being studied occurs at the same level of organization or in the same module.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>]</p><p>Pulmonary vascular function has both intrinsic and extrinsic multifactorial genetic components, which are not amenable to such reductionist study. Genes work in networks and in the context of complex systems, small changes at the gene level can have major consequences for the individual. Thus, it is irrelevant to focus on observed similarities in genetic makeup (including transgenes) between mice and humans, since the details of the differences are in the interactions between conserved genes, not in the genes themselves.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">6</xref>]</p><p>We conclude that the use of animals as human models for drug and disease research ignores the very principles upon which modern personalized medicine is based. Therefore, human-based research should become the primary means for obtaining data about human diseases and response to drugs.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">7</xref>]</p></body><back><ref-list><title>REFERENCES</title><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="webpage"><date-in-citation>Last accessed on Jan 2013 28</date-in-citation><comment>Available from: <uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.biocytogen.com">http://www.biocytogen.com</uri></comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Crowley</surname><given-names>WF</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name></person-group><article-title>Translation of basic research into useful treatments: How often does it occur?</article-title><source>Am J Med</source><year>2003</year><volume>114</volume><fpage>503</fpage><lpage>5</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12727585</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Contopoulos-Ioannidis</surname><given-names>DG</given-names></name><name><surname>Ntzani</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Ioannidis</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Translation of highly promising basic science research into clinical applications</article-title><source>Am J Med</source><year>2003</year><volume>114</volume><fpage>477</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12731504</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><article-title>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</article-title><year>2013</year><month>2</month><day>26</day><volume>110</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>3507</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><comment>doi: 10.1073/pnas.1222878110. Epub 2013 Feb 11</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Greek</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Rice</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Animal models and conserved processes</article-title><source>Theor Biol Med Model</source><year>2012</year><volume>9</volume><fpage>40</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22963674</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shanks</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Greek</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Animal Models in Light of Evolution</article-title><year>2009</year><publisher-loc>Boca Raton</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Brown Walker</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Greek</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Menache</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Rice</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Animal models in an age of personalized medicine</article-title><source>Per Med</source><year>2012</year><volume>9</volume><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>64</lpage></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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