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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A Regulatory Path Associated with X-Linked Intellectual Disability and Epilepsy Links <italic>KDM5C</italic>
to the Polyalanine Expansions in ARX</title>
<author><name sortKey="Poeta, Loredana" sort="Poeta, Loredana" uniqKey="Poeta L" first="Loredana" last="Poeta">Loredana Poeta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fusco, Francesca" sort="Fusco, Francesca" uniqKey="Fusco F" first="Francesca" last="Fusco">Francesca Fusco</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drongitis, Denise" sort="Drongitis, Denise" uniqKey="Drongitis D" first="Denise" last="Drongitis">Denise Drongitis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shoubridge, Cheryl" sort="Shoubridge, Cheryl" uniqKey="Shoubridge C" first="Cheryl" last="Shoubridge">Cheryl Shoubridge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manganelli, Genesia" sort="Manganelli, Genesia" uniqKey="Manganelli G" first="Genesia" last="Manganelli">Genesia Manganelli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Filosa, Stefania" sort="Filosa, Stefania" uniqKey="Filosa S" first="Stefania" last="Filosa">Stefania Filosa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paciolla, Mariateresa" sort="Paciolla, Mariateresa" uniqKey="Paciolla M" first="Mariateresa" last="Paciolla">Mariateresa Paciolla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Courtney, Monica" sort="Courtney, Monica" uniqKey="Courtney M" first="Monica" last="Courtney">Monica Courtney</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1091, Diabetes Genetics Team, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collombat, Patrick" sort="Collombat, Patrick" uniqKey="Collombat P" first="Patrick" last="Collombat">Patrick Collombat</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1091, Diabetes Genetics Team, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lioi, Maria Brigida" sort="Lioi, Maria Brigida" uniqKey="Lioi M" first="Maria Brigida" last="Lioi">Maria Brigida Lioi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gecz, Jozef" sort="Gecz, Jozef" uniqKey="Gecz J" first="Jozef" last="Gecz">Jozef Gecz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ursini, Matilde Valeria" sort="Ursini, Matilde Valeria" uniqKey="Ursini M" first="Matilde Valeria" last="Ursini">Matilde Valeria Ursini</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miano, Maria Giuseppina" sort="Miano, Maria Giuseppina" uniqKey="Miano M" first="Maria Giuseppina" last="Miano">Maria Giuseppina Miano</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23246292</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3542471</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542471</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3542471</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.11.008</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001201</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001201</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Regulatory Path Associated with X-Linked Intellectual Disability and Epilepsy Links <italic>KDM5C</italic>
to the Polyalanine Expansions in ARX</title>
<author><name sortKey="Poeta, Loredana" sort="Poeta, Loredana" uniqKey="Poeta L" first="Loredana" last="Poeta">Loredana Poeta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fusco, Francesca" sort="Fusco, Francesca" uniqKey="Fusco F" first="Francesca" last="Fusco">Francesca Fusco</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drongitis, Denise" sort="Drongitis, Denise" uniqKey="Drongitis D" first="Denise" last="Drongitis">Denise Drongitis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shoubridge, Cheryl" sort="Shoubridge, Cheryl" uniqKey="Shoubridge C" first="Cheryl" last="Shoubridge">Cheryl Shoubridge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manganelli, Genesia" sort="Manganelli, Genesia" uniqKey="Manganelli G" first="Genesia" last="Manganelli">Genesia Manganelli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Filosa, Stefania" sort="Filosa, Stefania" uniqKey="Filosa S" first="Stefania" last="Filosa">Stefania Filosa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paciolla, Mariateresa" sort="Paciolla, Mariateresa" uniqKey="Paciolla M" first="Mariateresa" last="Paciolla">Mariateresa Paciolla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Courtney, Monica" sort="Courtney, Monica" uniqKey="Courtney M" first="Monica" last="Courtney">Monica Courtney</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1091, Diabetes Genetics Team, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collombat, Patrick" sort="Collombat, Patrick" uniqKey="Collombat P" first="Patrick" last="Collombat">Patrick Collombat</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1091, Diabetes Genetics Team, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06108, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lioi, Maria Brigida" sort="Lioi, Maria Brigida" uniqKey="Lioi M" first="Maria Brigida" last="Lioi">Maria Brigida Lioi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gecz, Jozef" sort="Gecz, Jozef" uniqKey="Gecz J" first="Jozef" last="Gecz">Jozef Gecz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ursini, Matilde Valeria" sort="Ursini, Matilde Valeria" uniqKey="Ursini M" first="Matilde Valeria" last="Ursini">Matilde Valeria Ursini</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miano, Maria Giuseppina" sort="Miano, Maria Giuseppina" uniqKey="Miano M" first="Maria Giuseppina" last="Miano">Maria Giuseppina Miano</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">American Journal of Human Genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0002-9297</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1537-6605</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy often occur together and have a dramatic impact on the development and quality of life of the affected children. Polyalanine (polyA)-expansion-encoding mutations of aristaless-related homeobox (<italic>ARX</italic>
) cause a spectrum of X-linked ID (XLID) diseases and chronic epilepsy, including infantile spasms. We show that lysine-specific demethylase 5C (<italic>KDM5C</italic>
), a gene known to be mutated in XLID-affected children and involved in chromatin remodeling, is directly regulated by ARX through the binding in a conserved noncoding element. We have studied altered ARX carrying various polyA elongations in individuals with XLID and/or epilepsy. The changes in polyA repeats cause hypomorphic ARX alterations, which exhibit a decreased <italic>trans</italic>
-activity and reduced, but not abolished, binding to the <italic>KDM5C</italic>
regulatory region. The altered functioning of the mutants tested is likely to correlate with the severity of XLID and/or epilepsy. By quantitative RT-PCR, we observed a dramatic <italic>Kdm5c</italic>
mRNA downregulation in murine <italic>Arx</italic>
-knockout embryonic and neural stem cells. Such <italic>Kdm5c</italic>
mRNA diminution led to a severe decrease in the KDM5C content during in vitro neuronal differentiation, which inversely correlated with an increase in H3K4me3 signal. We established that ARX polyA alterations damage the regulation of <italic>KDM5C</italic>
expression, and we propose a potential ARX-dependent path acting via chromatin remodeling.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="brief-report"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Hum Genet</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Am. J. Hum. Genet</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>American Journal of Human Genetics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0002-9297</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1537-6605</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23246292</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3542471</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0002-9297(12)00591-5</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.11.008</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>A Regulatory Path Associated with X-Linked Intellectual Disability and Epilepsy Links <italic>KDM5C</italic>
to the Polyalanine Expansions in ARX</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Poeta</surname>
<given-names>Loredana</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fusco</surname>
<given-names>Francesca</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Drongitis</surname>
<given-names>Denise</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shoubridge</surname>
<given-names>Cheryl</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manganelli</surname>
<given-names>Genesia</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Filosa</surname>
<given-names>Stefania</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paciolla</surname>
<given-names>Mariateresa</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Courtney</surname>
<given-names>Monica</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Collombat</surname>
<given-names>Patrick</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lioi</surname>
<given-names>Maria Brigida</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gecz</surname>
<given-names>Jozef</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ursini</surname>
<given-names>Matilde Valeria</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miano</surname>
<given-names>Maria Giuseppina</given-names>
</name>
<email>miano@igb.cnr.it</email>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06108, France</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1091, Diabetes Genetics Team, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06108, France</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>
Corresponding author <email>miano@igb.cnr.it</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>10</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>114</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>7</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2013 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All right reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>The American Society of Human Genetics</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy often occur together and have a dramatic impact on the development and quality of life of the affected children. Polyalanine (polyA)-expansion-encoding mutations of aristaless-related homeobox (<italic>ARX</italic>
) cause a spectrum of X-linked ID (XLID) diseases and chronic epilepsy, including infantile spasms. We show that lysine-specific demethylase 5C (<italic>KDM5C</italic>
), a gene known to be mutated in XLID-affected children and involved in chromatin remodeling, is directly regulated by ARX through the binding in a conserved noncoding element. We have studied altered ARX carrying various polyA elongations in individuals with XLID and/or epilepsy. The changes in polyA repeats cause hypomorphic ARX alterations, which exhibit a decreased <italic>trans</italic>
-activity and reduced, but not abolished, binding to the <italic>KDM5C</italic>
regulatory region. The altered functioning of the mutants tested is likely to correlate with the severity of XLID and/or epilepsy. By quantitative RT-PCR, we observed a dramatic <italic>Kdm5c</italic>
mRNA downregulation in murine <italic>Arx</italic>
-knockout embryonic and neural stem cells. Such <italic>Kdm5c</italic>
mRNA diminution led to a severe decrease in the KDM5C content during in vitro neuronal differentiation, which inversely correlated with an increase in H3K4me3 signal. We established that ARX polyA alterations damage the regulation of <italic>KDM5C</italic>
expression, and we propose a potential ARX-dependent path acting via chromatin remodeling.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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