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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Predictive value of prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer: a nested case-control study in EuroSIDA</title><author><name sortKey="Shepherd, Leah" sort="Shepherd, Leah" uniqKey="Shepherd L" first="Leah" last="Shepherd">Leah Shepherd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001_19510">Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, Alvaro Humberto" sort="Borges, Alvaro Humberto" uniqKey="Borges A" first="Álvaro Humberto" last="Borges">Álvaro Humberto Borges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002_19510">Centre for Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravn, Lene" sort="Ravn, Lene" uniqKey="Ravn L" first="Lene" last="Ravn">Lene Ravn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003_19510">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harvey, Richard" sort="Harvey, Richard" uniqKey="Harvey R" first="Richard" last="Harvey">Richard Harvey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004_19510">Charing Cross Oncology Laboratory and Trophoblast, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viard, Jean Paul" sort="Viard, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Viard J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Viard">Jean-Paul Viard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005_19510">Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel-D, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bower, Mark" sort="Bower, Mark" uniqKey="Bower M" first="Mark" last="Bower">Mark Bower</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006_19510">National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grulich, Andrew" sort="Grulich, Andrew" uniqKey="Grulich A" first="Andrew" last="Grulich">Andrew Grulich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0007_19510">Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverberg, Michael" sort="Silverberg, Michael" uniqKey="Silverberg M" first="Michael" last="Silverberg">Michael Silverberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0008_19510">Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Wit, Stephane" sort="De Wit, Stephane" uniqKey="De Wit S" first="Stephane" last="De Wit">Stephane De Wit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0009_19510">Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirk, Ole" sort="Kirk, Ole" uniqKey="Kirk O" first="Ole" last="Kirk">Ole Kirk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002_19510">Centre for Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lundgren, Jens" sort="Lundgren, Jens" uniqKey="Lundgren J" first="Jens" last="Lundgren">Jens Lundgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002_19510">Centre for Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mocroft, Amanda" sort="Mocroft, Amanda" uniqKey="Mocroft A" first="Amanda" last="Mocroft">Amanda Mocroft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001_19510">Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25394019</idno><idno type="pmc">4224942</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4224942</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4224942</idno><idno type="doi">10.7448/IAS.17.4.19510</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001174</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001174</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Predictive value of prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer: a nested case-control study in EuroSIDA</title><author><name sortKey="Shepherd, Leah" sort="Shepherd, Leah" uniqKey="Shepherd L" first="Leah" last="Shepherd">Leah Shepherd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001_19510">Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, Alvaro Humberto" sort="Borges, Alvaro Humberto" uniqKey="Borges A" first="Álvaro Humberto" last="Borges">Álvaro Humberto Borges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002_19510">Centre for Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravn, Lene" sort="Ravn, Lene" uniqKey="Ravn L" first="Lene" last="Ravn">Lene Ravn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003_19510">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harvey, Richard" sort="Harvey, Richard" uniqKey="Harvey R" first="Richard" last="Harvey">Richard Harvey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004_19510">Charing Cross Oncology Laboratory and Trophoblast, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viard, Jean Paul" sort="Viard, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Viard J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Viard">Jean-Paul Viard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005_19510">Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel-D, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bower, Mark" sort="Bower, Mark" uniqKey="Bower M" first="Mark" last="Bower">Mark Bower</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006_19510">National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grulich, Andrew" sort="Grulich, Andrew" uniqKey="Grulich A" first="Andrew" last="Grulich">Andrew Grulich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0007_19510">Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverberg, Michael" sort="Silverberg, Michael" uniqKey="Silverberg M" first="Michael" last="Silverberg">Michael Silverberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0008_19510">Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Wit, Stephane" sort="De Wit, Stephane" uniqKey="De Wit S" first="Stephane" last="De Wit">Stephane De Wit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0009_19510">Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirk, Ole" sort="Kirk, Ole" uniqKey="Kirk O" first="Ole" last="Kirk">Ole Kirk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002_19510">Centre for Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lundgren, Jens" sort="Lundgren, Jens" uniqKey="Lundgren J" first="Jens" last="Lundgren">Jens Lundgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002_19510">Centre for Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mocroft, Amanda" sort="Mocroft, Amanda" uniqKey="Mocroft A" first="Amanda" last="Mocroft">Amanda Mocroft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001_19510">Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the International AIDS Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1758-2652</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1_19510"><title>Introduction</title><p>Although prostate cancer (PCa) incidence is lower in HIV+ men than in HIV− men, the usefulness of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in this population is not well defined and may have higher false negative rates than in HIV− men. We aimed to describe the kinetics and predictive value of PSA in HIV+ men.</p></sec><sec id="st2_19510"><title>Methods</title><p>Men with PCa (<italic>n</italic>=21) and up to two matched controls (<italic>n</italic>=40) with prospectively stored plasma samples before PCa (or matched date in controls) were selected. Cases and controls were matched on date of first and last sample, age, region of residence and CD4 count at first sample date. Total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. Conditional logistic regression models investigated associations between markers and PCa. Sensitivity and specificity of using tPSA >4 µg/L to predict PCa was calculated. Mixed models were used to describe kinetics.</p></sec><sec id="st3_19510"><title>Results</title><p>Sixty-one men were included with a median six (IQR 2–9) years follow-up. Time between last sample and PCa was seven (4–11) months. Cases and controls were well matched at first sample, with a median age of 51 (IQR 48–57) and CD4 of 437 (243–610) cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. Median tPSA [2.8 (IQR: 1.6–4.6) and 0.8 (0.5–1.2) µg/L] and fPSA [0.4 (0.2–0.8) and 0.3 (0.2–0.4) µg/L] levels were higher in cases than controls at first sample. Both tPSA and fPSA increased significantly over time in cases (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0001_19510">Figure 1</xref>), to a median at last sample of 6.1 (4.7–9.5) and 0.9 (0.6–1.3) µg/L, respectively, but were stable in controls, with a median at last sample of 0.8 (0.5–1.4) and 0.2 (0.2–0.4) µg/L (Figure). Higher levels of tPSA and fPSA were associated with higher odds of PCa at first sample [OR for 2-fold higher 4.7 (CI: 1.7–12.9) and 5.4 (1.7–17.4)]. Elevated tPSA values in cases were detectable ≥5 years before PCa (<italic>p</italic><0.01). Testosterone [overall median 19.4 (IQR 15.3–23.9) nmol/L at first sample) and SHBG [50.0 (34.0–66.0) nmol/L] levels were similar in cases and controls at first and last sample (all <italic>p</italic>>0.7). The most informative predictor of PCa was tPSA (AUC=0.9), followed by fPSA (0.8). Testosterone (AUC = 0.5) and SHBG (0.5) were poor predictors of PCa. Overall, tPSA level >4 µg/L had 99% specificity and 37% sensitivity. Performance was best in the year prior to PCa (specificity: 99%, sensitivity: 88%).</p></sec><sec id="st4_19510"><title>Conclusions</title><p>PSA was highly predictive of PCa in HIV+ men. Our results indicate that PSA screening in HIV+ men may be useful, and further work is needed to identify potentially age-related cut-offs to maximize sensitivity and specificity to identify those for further evaluation at early stages of PCa.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="abstract"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Int AIDS Soc</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Int AIDS Soc</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JIAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of the International AIDS Society</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1758-2652</issn><publisher><publisher-name>International AIDS Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25394019</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4224942</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19510</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7448/IAS.17.4.19510</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Oral Presentation – Abstract O313</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Predictive value of prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer: a nested case-control study in EuroSIDA</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shepherd</surname><given-names>Leah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001_19510">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borges</surname><given-names>Álvaro Humberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002_19510">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ravn</surname><given-names>Lene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003_19510">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harvey</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004_19510">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Viard</surname><given-names>Jean-Paul</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0005_19510">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bower</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0006_19510">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grulich</surname><given-names>Andrew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0007_19510">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silverberg</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0008_19510">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De Wit</surname><given-names>Stephane</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0009_19510">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kirk</surname><given-names>Ole</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002_19510">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lundgren</surname><given-names>Jens</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002_19510">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mocroft</surname><given-names>Amanda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001_19510">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>on behalf of EuroSIDA in Eurocoord</collab><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002_19510">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="AF0001_19510"><label>1</label>Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK</aff><aff id="AF0002_19510"><label>2</label>Centre for Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="AF0003_19510"><label>3</label>Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="AF0004_19510"><label>4</label>Charing Cross Oncology Laboratory and Trophoblast, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK</aff><aff id="AF0005_19510"><label>5</label>Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel-D, Paris, France</aff><aff id="AF0006_19510"><label>6</label>National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK</aff><aff id="AF0007_19510"><label>7</label>Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</aff><aff id="AF0008_19510"><label>8</label>Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, USA</aff><aff id="AF0009_19510"><label>9</label>Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium</aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4Suppl 3</issue><elocation-id content-type="doi">19510</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Shepherd L et al; licensee International AIDS Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec id="st1_19510"><title>Introduction</title><p>Although prostate cancer (PCa) incidence is lower in HIV+ men than in HIV− men, the usefulness of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in this population is not well defined and may have higher false negative rates than in HIV− men. We aimed to describe the kinetics and predictive value of PSA in HIV+ men.</p></sec><sec id="st2_19510"><title>Methods</title><p>Men with PCa (<italic>n</italic>=21) and up to two matched controls (<italic>n</italic>=40) with prospectively stored plasma samples before PCa (or matched date in controls) were selected. Cases and controls were matched on date of first and last sample, age, region of residence and CD4 count at first sample date. Total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. Conditional logistic regression models investigated associations between markers and PCa. Sensitivity and specificity of using tPSA >4 µg/L to predict PCa was calculated. Mixed models were used to describe kinetics.</p></sec><sec id="st3_19510"><title>Results</title><p>Sixty-one men were included with a median six (IQR 2–9) years follow-up. Time between last sample and PCa was seven (4–11) months. Cases and controls were well matched at first sample, with a median age of 51 (IQR 48–57) and CD4 of 437 (243–610) cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. Median tPSA [2.8 (IQR: 1.6–4.6) and 0.8 (0.5–1.2) µg/L] and fPSA [0.4 (0.2–0.8) and 0.3 (0.2–0.4) µg/L] levels were higher in cases than controls at first sample. Both tPSA and fPSA increased significantly over time in cases (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F0001_19510">Figure 1</xref>), to a median at last sample of 6.1 (4.7–9.5) and 0.9 (0.6–1.3) µg/L, respectively, but were stable in controls, with a median at last sample of 0.8 (0.5–1.4) and 0.2 (0.2–0.4) µg/L (Figure). Higher levels of tPSA and fPSA were associated with higher odds of PCa at first sample [OR for 2-fold higher 4.7 (CI: 1.7–12.9) and 5.4 (1.7–17.4)]. Elevated tPSA values in cases were detectable ≥5 years before PCa (<italic>p</italic><0.01). Testosterone [overall median 19.4 (IQR 15.3–23.9) nmol/L at first sample) and SHBG [50.0 (34.0–66.0) nmol/L] levels were similar in cases and controls at first and last sample (all <italic>p</italic>>0.7). The most informative predictor of PCa was tPSA (AUC=0.9), followed by fPSA (0.8). Testosterone (AUC = 0.5) and SHBG (0.5) were poor predictors of PCa. Overall, tPSA level >4 µg/L had 99% specificity and 37% sensitivity. Performance was best in the year prior to PCa (specificity: 99%, sensitivity: 88%).</p></sec><sec id="st4_19510"><title>Conclusions</title><p>PSA was highly predictive of PCa in HIV+ men. Our results indicate that PSA screening in HIV+ men may be useful, and further work is needed to identify potentially age-related cut-offs to maximize sensitivity and specificity to identify those for further evaluation at early stages of PCa.</p></sec></abstract></article-meta></front><body><fig id="F0001_19510" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) levels by time before diagnosis (or last sample date in controls) with superimposed loess curves. tPSA and fPSA levels were increasing by 13.7 (10.3, 17.3)% and 7.9 (4.7, 11.2)% per year since baseline in cases (both <italic>p</italic><0.01) and were stable in controls (<italic>p</italic>=0.67 and 0.36). Figure includes multiple measurements per man.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIAS-17-19510-g001"></graphic></fig></body></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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