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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Snapshot of Moving and Expanding Clones of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> and Their Global Distribution Assessed by Spoligotyping in an International Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref> </title><author><name sortKey="Filliol, Ingrid" sort="Filliol, Ingrid" uniqKey="Filliol I" first="Ingrid" last="Filliol">Ingrid Filliol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, Jeffrey R" sort="Driscoll, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="Driscoll J" first="Jeffrey R." last="Driscoll">Jeffrey R. Driscoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Soolingen, Dick" sort="Van Soolingen, Dick" uniqKey="Van Soolingen D" first="Dick" last="Van Soolingen">Dick Van Soolingen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kreiswirth, Barry N" sort="Kreiswirth, Barry N" uniqKey="Kreiswirth B" first="Barry N." last="Kreiswirth">Barry N. Kreiswirth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kremer, Kristin" sort="Kremer, Kristin" uniqKey="Kremer K" first="Kristin" last="Kremer">Kristin Kremer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valetudie, Georges" sort="Valetudie, Georges" uniqKey="Valetudie G" first="Georges" last="Valétudie">Georges Valétudie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anh, Dang Duc" sort="Anh, Dang Duc" uniqKey="Anh D" first="Dang Duc" last="Anh">Dang Duc Anh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barlow, Rachael" sort="Barlow, Rachael" uniqKey="Barlow R" first="Rachael" last="Barlow">Rachael Barlow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banerjee, Dilip" sort="Banerjee, Dilip" uniqKey="Banerjee D" first="Dilip" last="Banerjee">Dilip Banerjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bifani, Pablo J" sort="Bifani, Pablo J" uniqKey="Bifani P" first="Pablo J." last="Bifani">Pablo J. Bifani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brudey, Karine" sort="Brudey, Karine" uniqKey="Brudey K" first="Karine" last="Brudey">Karine Brudey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cataldi, Angel" sort="Cataldi, Angel" uniqKey="Cataldi A" first="Angel" last="Cataldi">Angel Cataldi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooksey, Robert C" sort="Cooksey, Robert C" uniqKey="Cooksey R" first="Robert C." last="Cooksey">Robert C. Cooksey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cousins, Debby V" sort="Cousins, Debby V" uniqKey="Cousins D" first="Debby V." last="Cousins">Debby V. Cousins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dale, Jeremy W" sort="Dale, Jeremy W" uniqKey="Dale J" first="Jeremy W." last="Dale">Jeremy W. Dale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dellagostin, Odir A" sort="Dellagostin, Odir A" uniqKey="Dellagostin O" first="Odir A." last="Dellagostin">Odir A. Dellagostin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drobniewski, Francis" sort="Drobniewski, Francis" uniqKey="Drobniewski F" first="Francis" last="Drobniewski">Francis Drobniewski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engelmann, Guido" sort="Engelmann, Guido" uniqKey="Engelmann G" first="Guido" last="Engelmann">Guido Engelmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferdinand, Severine" sort="Ferdinand, Severine" uniqKey="Ferdinand S" first="Séverine" last="Ferdinand">Séverine Ferdinand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gascoyne Binzi, Deborah" sort="Gascoyne Binzi, Deborah" uniqKey="Gascoyne Binzi D" first="Deborah" last="Gascoyne-Binzi">Deborah Gascoyne-Binzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, Max" sort="Gordon, Max" uniqKey="Gordon M" first="Max" last="Gordon">Max Gordon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, M Cristina" sort="Gutierrez, M Cristina" uniqKey="Gutierrez M" first="M. Cristina" last="Gutierrez">M. Cristina Gutierrez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Walter H" sort="Haas, Walter H" uniqKey="Haas W" first="Walter H." last="Haas">Walter H. Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heersma, Herre" sort="Heersma, Herre" uniqKey="Heersma H" first="Herre" last="Heersma">Herre Heersma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kassa Kelembho, Eric" sort="Kassa Kelembho, Eric" uniqKey="Kassa Kelembho E" first="Eric" last="Kassa-Kelembho">Eric Kassa-Kelembho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ly, Ho Minh" sort="Ly, Ho Minh" uniqKey="Ly H" first="Ho Minh" last="Ly">Ho Minh Ly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makristathis, Athanasios" sort="Makristathis, Athanasios" uniqKey="Makristathis A" first="Athanasios" last="Makristathis">Athanasios Makristathis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mammina, Caterina" sort="Mammina, Caterina" uniqKey="Mammina C" first="Caterina" last="Mammina">Caterina Mammina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Gerald" sort="Martin, Gerald" uniqKey="Martin G" first="Gerald" last="Martin">Gerald Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mostrom, Peter" sort="Mostrom, Peter" uniqKey="Mostrom P" first="Peter" last="Moström">Peter Moström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokrousov, Igor" sort="Mokrousov, Igor" uniqKey="Mokrousov I" first="Igor" last="Mokrousov">Igor Mokrousov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narbonne, Valerie" sort="Narbonne, Valerie" uniqKey="Narbonne V" first="Valérie" last="Narbonne">Valérie Narbonne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narvskaya, Olga" sort="Narvskaya, Olga" uniqKey="Narvskaya O" first="Olga" last="Narvskaya">Olga Narvskaya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nastasi, Antonino" sort="Nastasi, Antonino" uniqKey="Nastasi A" first="Antonino" last="Nastasi">Antonino Nastasi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niobe Eyangoh, Sara Ngo" sort="Niobe Eyangoh, Sara Ngo" uniqKey="Niobe Eyangoh S" first="Sara Ngo" last="Niobe-Eyangoh">Sara Ngo Niobe-Eyangoh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pape, Jean W" sort="Pape, Jean W" uniqKey="Pape J" first="Jean W." last="Pape">Jean W. Pape</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasolofo Razanamparany, Voahangy" sort="Rasolofo Razanamparany, Voahangy" uniqKey="Rasolofo Razanamparany V" first="Voahangy" last="Rasolofo-Razanamparany">Voahangy Rasolofo-Razanamparany</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridell, Malin" sort="Ridell, Malin" uniqKey="Ridell M" first="Malin" last="Ridell">Malin Ridell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossetti, M Lucia" sort="Rossetti, M Lucia" uniqKey="Rossetti M" first="M. Lucia" last="Rossetti">M. Lucia Rossetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stauffer, Fritz" sort="Stauffer, Fritz" uniqKey="Stauffer F" first="Fritz" last="Stauffer">Fritz Stauffer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suffys, Philip N" sort="Suffys, Philip N" uniqKey="Suffys P" first="Philip N." last="Suffys">Philip N. Suffys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takiff, Howard" sort="Takiff, Howard" uniqKey="Takiff H" first="Howard" last="Takiff">Howard Takiff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Texier Maugein, Jeanne" sort="Texier Maugein, Jeanne" uniqKey="Texier Maugein J" first="Jeanne" last="Texier-Maugein">Jeanne Texier-Maugein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Veronique" sort="Vincent, Veronique" uniqKey="Vincent V" first="Véronique" last="Vincent">Véronique Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Waard, Jacobus H" sort="De Waard, Jacobus H" uniqKey="De Waard J" first="Jacobus H." last="De Waard">Jacobus H. De Waard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sola, Christophe" sort="Sola, Christophe" uniqKey="Sola C" first="Christophe" last="Sola">Christophe Sola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Nalin" sort="Rastogi, Nalin" uniqKey="Rastogi N" first="Nalin" last="Rastogi">Nalin Rastogi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">12734235</idno><idno type="pmc">154710</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154710</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:154710</idno><idno type="doi">10.1128/JCM.41.5.1963-1970.2003</idno><date when="2003">2003</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001016</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001016</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Snapshot of Moving and Expanding Clones of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> and Their Global Distribution Assessed by Spoligotyping in an International Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref> </title><author><name sortKey="Filliol, Ingrid" sort="Filliol, Ingrid" uniqKey="Filliol I" first="Ingrid" last="Filliol">Ingrid Filliol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, Jeffrey R" sort="Driscoll, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="Driscoll J" first="Jeffrey R." last="Driscoll">Jeffrey R. Driscoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Soolingen, Dick" sort="Van Soolingen, Dick" uniqKey="Van Soolingen D" first="Dick" last="Van Soolingen">Dick Van Soolingen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kreiswirth, Barry N" sort="Kreiswirth, Barry N" uniqKey="Kreiswirth B" first="Barry N." last="Kreiswirth">Barry N. Kreiswirth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kremer, Kristin" sort="Kremer, Kristin" uniqKey="Kremer K" first="Kristin" last="Kremer">Kristin Kremer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valetudie, Georges" sort="Valetudie, Georges" uniqKey="Valetudie G" first="Georges" last="Valétudie">Georges Valétudie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anh, Dang Duc" sort="Anh, Dang Duc" uniqKey="Anh D" first="Dang Duc" last="Anh">Dang Duc Anh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barlow, Rachael" sort="Barlow, Rachael" uniqKey="Barlow R" first="Rachael" last="Barlow">Rachael Barlow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banerjee, Dilip" sort="Banerjee, Dilip" uniqKey="Banerjee D" first="Dilip" last="Banerjee">Dilip Banerjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bifani, Pablo J" sort="Bifani, Pablo J" uniqKey="Bifani P" first="Pablo J." last="Bifani">Pablo J. Bifani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brudey, Karine" sort="Brudey, Karine" uniqKey="Brudey K" first="Karine" last="Brudey">Karine Brudey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cataldi, Angel" sort="Cataldi, Angel" uniqKey="Cataldi A" first="Angel" last="Cataldi">Angel Cataldi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooksey, Robert C" sort="Cooksey, Robert C" uniqKey="Cooksey R" first="Robert C." last="Cooksey">Robert C. Cooksey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cousins, Debby V" sort="Cousins, Debby V" uniqKey="Cousins D" first="Debby V." last="Cousins">Debby V. Cousins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dale, Jeremy W" sort="Dale, Jeremy W" uniqKey="Dale J" first="Jeremy W." last="Dale">Jeremy W. Dale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dellagostin, Odir A" sort="Dellagostin, Odir A" uniqKey="Dellagostin O" first="Odir A." last="Dellagostin">Odir A. Dellagostin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drobniewski, Francis" sort="Drobniewski, Francis" uniqKey="Drobniewski F" first="Francis" last="Drobniewski">Francis Drobniewski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engelmann, Guido" sort="Engelmann, Guido" uniqKey="Engelmann G" first="Guido" last="Engelmann">Guido Engelmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferdinand, Severine" sort="Ferdinand, Severine" uniqKey="Ferdinand S" first="Séverine" last="Ferdinand">Séverine Ferdinand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gascoyne Binzi, Deborah" sort="Gascoyne Binzi, Deborah" uniqKey="Gascoyne Binzi D" first="Deborah" last="Gascoyne-Binzi">Deborah Gascoyne-Binzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, Max" sort="Gordon, Max" uniqKey="Gordon M" first="Max" last="Gordon">Max Gordon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, M Cristina" sort="Gutierrez, M Cristina" uniqKey="Gutierrez M" first="M. Cristina" last="Gutierrez">M. Cristina Gutierrez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Walter H" sort="Haas, Walter H" uniqKey="Haas W" first="Walter H." last="Haas">Walter H. Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heersma, Herre" sort="Heersma, Herre" uniqKey="Heersma H" first="Herre" last="Heersma">Herre Heersma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kassa Kelembho, Eric" sort="Kassa Kelembho, Eric" uniqKey="Kassa Kelembho E" first="Eric" last="Kassa-Kelembho">Eric Kassa-Kelembho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ly, Ho Minh" sort="Ly, Ho Minh" uniqKey="Ly H" first="Ho Minh" last="Ly">Ho Minh Ly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makristathis, Athanasios" sort="Makristathis, Athanasios" uniqKey="Makristathis A" first="Athanasios" last="Makristathis">Athanasios Makristathis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mammina, Caterina" sort="Mammina, Caterina" uniqKey="Mammina C" first="Caterina" last="Mammina">Caterina Mammina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Gerald" sort="Martin, Gerald" uniqKey="Martin G" first="Gerald" last="Martin">Gerald Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mostrom, Peter" sort="Mostrom, Peter" uniqKey="Mostrom P" first="Peter" last="Moström">Peter Moström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokrousov, Igor" sort="Mokrousov, Igor" uniqKey="Mokrousov I" first="Igor" last="Mokrousov">Igor Mokrousov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narbonne, Valerie" sort="Narbonne, Valerie" uniqKey="Narbonne V" first="Valérie" last="Narbonne">Valérie Narbonne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narvskaya, Olga" sort="Narvskaya, Olga" uniqKey="Narvskaya O" first="Olga" last="Narvskaya">Olga Narvskaya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nastasi, Antonino" sort="Nastasi, Antonino" uniqKey="Nastasi A" first="Antonino" last="Nastasi">Antonino Nastasi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niobe Eyangoh, Sara Ngo" sort="Niobe Eyangoh, Sara Ngo" uniqKey="Niobe Eyangoh S" first="Sara Ngo" last="Niobe-Eyangoh">Sara Ngo Niobe-Eyangoh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pape, Jean W" sort="Pape, Jean W" uniqKey="Pape J" first="Jean W." last="Pape">Jean W. Pape</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasolofo Razanamparany, Voahangy" sort="Rasolofo Razanamparany, Voahangy" uniqKey="Rasolofo Razanamparany V" first="Voahangy" last="Rasolofo-Razanamparany">Voahangy Rasolofo-Razanamparany</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridell, Malin" sort="Ridell, Malin" uniqKey="Ridell M" first="Malin" last="Ridell">Malin Ridell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossetti, M Lucia" sort="Rossetti, M Lucia" uniqKey="Rossetti M" first="M. Lucia" last="Rossetti">M. Lucia Rossetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stauffer, Fritz" sort="Stauffer, Fritz" uniqKey="Stauffer F" first="Fritz" last="Stauffer">Fritz Stauffer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suffys, Philip N" sort="Suffys, Philip N" uniqKey="Suffys P" first="Philip N." last="Suffys">Philip N. Suffys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takiff, Howard" sort="Takiff, Howard" uniqKey="Takiff H" first="Howard" last="Takiff">Howard Takiff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Texier Maugein, Jeanne" sort="Texier Maugein, Jeanne" uniqKey="Texier Maugein J" first="Jeanne" last="Texier-Maugein">Jeanne Texier-Maugein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Veronique" sort="Vincent, Veronique" uniqKey="Vincent V" first="Véronique" last="Vincent">Véronique Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Waard, Jacobus H" sort="De Waard, Jacobus H" uniqKey="De Waard J" first="Jacobus H." last="De Waard">Jacobus H. De Waard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sola, Christophe" sort="Sola, Christophe" uniqKey="Sola C" first="Christophe" last="Sola">Christophe Sola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Nalin" sort="Rastogi, Nalin" uniqKey="Rastogi N" first="Nalin" last="Rastogi">Nalin Rastogi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Clinical Microbiology</title><idno type="ISSN">0095-1137</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-660X</idno><imprint><date when="2003">2003</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The present update on the global distribution of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> complex spoligotypes provides both the octal and binary descriptions of the spoligotypes for <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> complex, including <italic>Mycobacterium bovis</italic>, from >90 countries (13,008 patterns grouped into 813 shared types containing 11,708 isolates and 1,300 orphan patterns). A number of potential indices were developed to summarize the information on the biogeographical specificity of a given shared type, as well as its geographical spreading (matching code and spreading index, respectively). To facilitate the analysis of hundreds of spoligotypes each made up of a binary succession of 43 bits of information, a number of major and minor visual rules were also defined. A total of six major rules (A to F) with the precise description of the extra missing spacers (minor rules) were used to define 36 major clades (or families) of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic>. Some major clades identified were the East African-Indian (EAI) clade, the Beijing clade, the Haarlem clade, the Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) clade, the Central Asian (CAS) clade, a European clade of IS<italic>6110</italic> low banders (X; highly prevalent in the United States and United Kingdom), and a widespread yet poorly defined clade (T). When the visual rules defined above were used for an automated labeling of the 813 shared types to define nine superfamilies of strains (<italic>Mycobacterium africanum</italic>, Beijing, <italic>M. bovis</italic>, EAI, CAS, T, Haarlem, X, and LAM), 96.9% of the shared types received a label, showing the potential for automated labeling of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> families in well-defined phylogeographical families. Intercontinental matches of shared types among eight continents and subcontinents (Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Far East) are analyzed and discussed.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Clin Microbiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jcm</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Clinical Microbiology</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0095-1137</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-660X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">12734235</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">154710</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1525</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JCM.41.5.1963-1970.2003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Snapshot of Moving and Expanding Clones of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> and Their Global Distribution Assessed by Spoligotyping in an International Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref> </article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Filliol</surname><given-names>Ingrid</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Driscoll</surname><given-names>Jeffrey R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Soolingen</surname><given-names>Dick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kreiswirth</surname><given-names>Barry N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kremer</surname><given-names>Kristin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valétudie</surname><given-names>Georges</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Anh</surname><given-names>Dang Duc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barlow</surname><given-names>Rachael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Banerjee</surname><given-names>Dilip</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bifani</surname><given-names>Pablo J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brudey</surname><given-names>Karine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cataldi</surname><given-names>Angel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cooksey</surname><given-names>Robert C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cousins</surname><given-names>Debby V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dale</surname><given-names>Jeremy W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dellagostin</surname><given-names>Odir A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Drobniewski</surname><given-names>Francis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Engelmann</surname><given-names>Guido</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferdinand</surname><given-names>Séverine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gascoyne-Binzi</surname><given-names>Deborah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gordon</surname><given-names>Max</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gutierrez</surname><given-names>M. Cristina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haas</surname><given-names>Walter H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heersma</surname><given-names>Herre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kassa-Kelembho</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ly</surname><given-names>Ho Minh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Makristathis</surname><given-names>Athanasios</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mammina</surname><given-names>Caterina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>Gerald</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moström</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mokrousov</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narbonne</surname><given-names>Valérie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narvskaya</surname><given-names>Olga</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nastasi</surname><given-names>Antonino</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Niobe-Eyangoh</surname><given-names>Sara Ngo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pape</surname><given-names>Jean W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rasolofo-Razanamparany</surname><given-names>Voahangy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ridell</surname><given-names>Malin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rossetti</surname><given-names>M. Lucia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">27</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stauffer</surname><given-names>Fritz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suffys</surname><given-names>Philip N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">29</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Takiff</surname><given-names>Howard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">30</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Texier-Maugein</surname><given-names>Jeanne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">31</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vincent</surname><given-names>Véronique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Waard</surname><given-names>Jacobus H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">32</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sola</surname><given-names>Christophe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rastogi</surname><given-names>Nalin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe,<label>1</label> Wadsworth Center, New York State Department Of Health, Albany New York,<label>2</label> Public Health Research Institute, Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey,<label>4</label> Diagnosis Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands,<label>3</label> National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam,<label>5</label> Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds,<label>6</label> Medical School, St Georges Hospital,<label>7</label> Mycobacterium Reference Unit, PHLS, Dulwich Hospital, London,<label>13</label> University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom,<label>11</label> Instituto de Biotecnologia INTA, Moron, Argentina,<label>8</label> Tuberculosis Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,<label>9</label> Australian Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Department of Agriculture, South Perth, Australia,<label>10</label> Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas,<label>12</label> Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre,<label>27</label> Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,<label>29</label> University Childrens Hospital, Heidelberg,<label>14</label> Infektions Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin,<label>16</label> Bundesinstitut für Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin, Jena, Germany,<label>20</label> Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Paris,<label>15</label> Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Brest, Brest,<label>22</label> Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,<label>31</label> Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic,<label>17</label> Klinische Mikrobiologie, Hygiene-Institut der Universität,<label>18</label> Bundesstaatliche Bakteriologisch-Serologische Untersuchungsanstalt Wien, Vienna, Austria,<label>28</label> Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Palermo, Palermo,<label>19</label> Department of Public Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,<label>23</label> Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia,<label>21</label> Les Centres Gheskio, INLR, Port au Prince, Haïti,<label>24</label> Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Tananarive, Madagascar,<label>25</label> Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden,<label>26</label> IVIC, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular,<label>30</label> Tuberculosis Laboratory, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela<label>32</label></aff><author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label><p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, BP 484, 97165 Pointe à Pitre-Cedex, Guadeloupe. Fax: 590 (590) 893 880. E-mail for Christophe Sola: <email>csola@pasteur-guadeloupe.fr</email>. E-mail for Nalin Rastogi: <email>nrastogi@pasteur-guadeloupe.fr</email>.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month><year>2003</year></pub-date><volume>41</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1963</fpage><lpage>1970</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2002</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>6</day><month>1</month><year>2003</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>31</day><month>1</month><year>2003</year></date></history><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2003</copyright-year><abstract><p>The present update on the global distribution of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> complex spoligotypes provides both the octal and binary descriptions of the spoligotypes for <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> complex, including <italic>Mycobacterium bovis</italic>, from >90 countries (13,008 patterns grouped into 813 shared types containing 11,708 isolates and 1,300 orphan patterns). A number of potential indices were developed to summarize the information on the biogeographical specificity of a given shared type, as well as its geographical spreading (matching code and spreading index, respectively). To facilitate the analysis of hundreds of spoligotypes each made up of a binary succession of 43 bits of information, a number of major and minor visual rules were also defined. A total of six major rules (A to F) with the precise description of the extra missing spacers (minor rules) were used to define 36 major clades (or families) of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic>. Some major clades identified were the East African-Indian (EAI) clade, the Beijing clade, the Haarlem clade, the Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) clade, the Central Asian (CAS) clade, a European clade of IS<italic>6110</italic> low banders (X; highly prevalent in the United States and United Kingdom), and a widespread yet poorly defined clade (T). When the visual rules defined above were used for an automated labeling of the 813 shared types to define nine superfamilies of strains (<italic>Mycobacterium africanum</italic>, Beijing, <italic>M. bovis</italic>, EAI, CAS, T, Haarlem, X, and LAM), 96.9% of the shared types received a label, showing the potential for automated labeling of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> families in well-defined phylogeographical families. Intercontinental matches of shared types among eight continents and subcontinents (Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Far East) are analyzed and discussed.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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