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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Spatial Organization of the VirR Boxes Is Critical for VirR-Mediated Expression of the Perfringolysin O Gene, <italic>pfoA</italic>
, from <italic>Clostridium perfringens</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cheung, Jackie K" sort="Cheung, Jackie K" uniqKey="Cheung J" first="Jackie K." last="Cheung">Jackie K. Cheung</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dupuy, Bruno" sort="Dupuy, Bruno" uniqKey="Dupuy B" first="Bruno" last="Dupuy">Bruno Dupuy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deveson, Deanna S" sort="Deveson, Deanna S" uniqKey="Deveson D" first="Deanna S." last="Deveson">Deanna S. Deveson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rood, Julian I" sort="Rood, Julian I" uniqKey="Rood J" first="Julian I." last="Rood">Julian I. Rood</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">15150217</idno>
<idno type="pmc">415773</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC415773</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:415773</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1128/JB.186.11.3321-3330.2004</idno>
<date when="2004">2004</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001002</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001002</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Spatial Organization of the VirR Boxes Is Critical for VirR-Mediated Expression of the Perfringolysin O Gene, <italic>pfoA</italic>
, from <italic>Clostridium perfringens</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cheung, Jackie K" sort="Cheung, Jackie K" uniqKey="Cheung J" first="Jackie K." last="Cheung">Jackie K. Cheung</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dupuy, Bruno" sort="Dupuy, Bruno" uniqKey="Dupuy B" first="Bruno" last="Dupuy">Bruno Dupuy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deveson, Deanna S" sort="Deveson, Deanna S" uniqKey="Deveson D" first="Deanna S." last="Deveson">Deanna S. Deveson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rood, Julian I" sort="Rood, Julian I" uniqKey="Rood J" first="Julian I." last="Rood">Julian I. Rood</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of Bacteriology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0021-9193</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5530</idno>
<imprint><date when="2004">2004</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The transcriptional regulation of toxin production in the gram-positive anaerobe <italic>Clostridium perfringens</italic>
involves a two-component signal transduction system that comprises the VirS sensor histidine kinase and its cognate response regulator, VirR. Previous studies showed that VirR binds independently to a pair of imperfect direct repeats, now designated VirR box 1 and VirR box 2, located immediately upstream of the promoter of the <italic>pfoA</italic>
gene, which encodes the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, perfringolysin O. For this study, we introduced mutated VirR boxes into a <italic>C. perfringens pfoA</italic>
mutant and found that both VirR boxes are essential for transcriptional activation. Furthermore, the spacing between the VirR boxes and the distance between the VirR boxes and the −35 region are shown to be critical for perfringolysin O production. Other VirR boxes that were previously identified from the strain 13 genome sequence were also analyzed, with perfringolysin O production used as a reporter system. The results showed that placement of the different VirR boxes at the same position upstream of the <italic>pfoA</italic>
promoter yields different levels of perfringolysin O activity. In all of these constructs, VirR was still capable of binding to the target DNA, indicating that DNA binding alone is not sufficient for transcriptional activation. Finally, we show that the <italic>C. perfringens</italic>
RNA polymerase binds more efficiently to the <italic>pfoA</italic>
promoter in the presence of VirR, indicating that interactions must occur between these proteins. We propose that these interactions are required for VirR-mediated transcriptional activation.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Bacteriol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jb</journal-id>
<journal-title>Journal of Bacteriology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0021-9193</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-5530</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15150217</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">415773</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1546-03</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JB.186.11.3321-3330.2004</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Gene Regulation</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>The Spatial Organization of the VirR Boxes Is Critical for VirR-Mediated Expression of the Perfringolysin O Gene, <italic>pfoA</italic>
, from <italic>Clostridium perfringens</italic>
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cheung</surname>
<given-names>Jackie K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dupuy</surname>
<given-names>Bruno</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deveson</surname>
<given-names>Deanna S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rood</surname>
<given-names>Julian I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia,<label>1</label>
Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France<label>2</label>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label>
<p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Phone: 61 3 9905 4825. Fax: 61 3 9905 4811. E-mail: <email>julian.rood@med.monash.edu.au</email>
.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>186</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>3321</fpage>
<lpage>3330</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2003</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2004</copyright-year>
<abstract><p>The transcriptional regulation of toxin production in the gram-positive anaerobe <italic>Clostridium perfringens</italic>
involves a two-component signal transduction system that comprises the VirS sensor histidine kinase and its cognate response regulator, VirR. Previous studies showed that VirR binds independently to a pair of imperfect direct repeats, now designated VirR box 1 and VirR box 2, located immediately upstream of the promoter of the <italic>pfoA</italic>
gene, which encodes the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, perfringolysin O. For this study, we introduced mutated VirR boxes into a <italic>C. perfringens pfoA</italic>
mutant and found that both VirR boxes are essential for transcriptional activation. Furthermore, the spacing between the VirR boxes and the distance between the VirR boxes and the −35 region are shown to be critical for perfringolysin O production. Other VirR boxes that were previously identified from the strain 13 genome sequence were also analyzed, with perfringolysin O production used as a reporter system. The results showed that placement of the different VirR boxes at the same position upstream of the <italic>pfoA</italic>
promoter yields different levels of perfringolysin O activity. In all of these constructs, VirR was still capable of binding to the target DNA, indicating that DNA binding alone is not sufficient for transcriptional activation. Finally, we show that the <italic>C. perfringens</italic>
RNA polymerase binds more efficiently to the <italic>pfoA</italic>
promoter in the presence of VirR, indicating that interactions must occur between these proteins. We propose that these interactions are required for VirR-mediated transcriptional activation.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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