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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Dynamics and Differential Proliferation of Transposable Elements During the Evolution of the B and A Genomes of Wheat</title><author><name sortKey="Charles, Mathieu" sort="Charles, Mathieu" uniqKey="Charles M" first="Mathieu" last="Charles">Mathieu Charles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belcram, Harry" sort="Belcram, Harry" uniqKey="Belcram H" first="Harry" last="Belcram">Harry Belcram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Just, Jeremy" sort="Just, Jeremy" uniqKey="Just J" first="Jérémy" last="Just">Jérémy Just</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huneau, Cecile" sort="Huneau, Cecile" uniqKey="Huneau C" first="Cécile" last="Huneau">Cécile Huneau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viollet, Agnes" sort="Viollet, Agnes" uniqKey="Viollet A" first="Agnès" last="Viollet">Agnès Viollet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Couloux, Arnaud" sort="Couloux, Arnaud" uniqKey="Couloux A" first="Arnaud" last="Couloux">Arnaud Couloux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Segurens, Beatrice" sort="Segurens, Beatrice" uniqKey="Segurens B" first="Béatrice" last="Segurens">Béatrice Segurens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carter, Meredith" sort="Carter, Meredith" uniqKey="Carter M" first="Meredith" last="Carter">Meredith Carter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huteau, Virginie" sort="Huteau, Virginie" uniqKey="Huteau V" first="Virginie" last="Huteau">Virginie Huteau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA, Agrocampus Rennes Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coriton, Olivier" sort="Coriton, Olivier" uniqKey="Coriton O" first="Olivier" last="Coriton">Olivier Coriton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA, Agrocampus Rennes Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appels, Rudi" sort="Appels, Rudi" uniqKey="Appels R" first="Rudi" last="Appels">Rudi Appels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samain, Sylvie" sort="Samain, Sylvie" uniqKey="Samain S" first="Sylvie" last="Samain">Sylvie Samain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chalhoub, Boulos" sort="Chalhoub, Boulos" uniqKey="Chalhoub B" first="Boulos" last="Chalhoub">Boulos Chalhoub</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18780739</idno><idno type="pmc">2567357</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2567357</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2567357</idno><idno type="doi">10.1534/genetics.108.092304</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000F80</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000F80</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Dynamics and Differential Proliferation of Transposable Elements During the Evolution of the B and A Genomes of Wheat</title><author><name sortKey="Charles, Mathieu" sort="Charles, Mathieu" uniqKey="Charles M" first="Mathieu" last="Charles">Mathieu Charles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belcram, Harry" sort="Belcram, Harry" uniqKey="Belcram H" first="Harry" last="Belcram">Harry Belcram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Just, Jeremy" sort="Just, Jeremy" uniqKey="Just J" first="Jérémy" last="Just">Jérémy Just</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huneau, Cecile" sort="Huneau, Cecile" uniqKey="Huneau C" first="Cécile" last="Huneau">Cécile Huneau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viollet, Agnes" sort="Viollet, Agnes" uniqKey="Viollet A" first="Agnès" last="Viollet">Agnès Viollet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Couloux, Arnaud" sort="Couloux, Arnaud" uniqKey="Couloux A" first="Arnaud" last="Couloux">Arnaud Couloux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Segurens, Beatrice" sort="Segurens, Beatrice" uniqKey="Segurens B" first="Béatrice" last="Segurens">Béatrice Segurens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carter, Meredith" sort="Carter, Meredith" uniqKey="Carter M" first="Meredith" last="Carter">Meredith Carter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huteau, Virginie" sort="Huteau, Virginie" uniqKey="Huteau V" first="Virginie" last="Huteau">Virginie Huteau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA, Agrocampus Rennes Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coriton, Olivier" sort="Coriton, Olivier" uniqKey="Coriton O" first="Olivier" last="Coriton">Olivier Coriton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA, Agrocampus Rennes Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appels, Rudi" sort="Appels, Rudi" uniqKey="Appels R" first="Rudi" last="Appels">Rudi Appels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samain, Sylvie" sort="Samain, Sylvie" uniqKey="Samain S" first="Sylvie" last="Samain">Sylvie Samain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chalhoub, Boulos" sort="Chalhoub, Boulos" uniqKey="Chalhoub B" first="Boulos" last="Chalhoub">Boulos Chalhoub</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">0016-6731</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Transposable elements (TEs) constitute >80% of the wheat genome but their dynamics and contribution to size variation and evolution of wheat genomes (Triticum and Aegilops species) remain unexplored. In this study, 10 genomic regions have been sequenced from wheat chromosome 3B and used to constitute, along with all publicly available genomic sequences of wheat, 1.98 Mb of sequence (from 13 BAC clones) of the wheat B genome and 3.63 Mb of sequence (from 19 BAC clones) of the wheat A genome. Analysis of TE sequence proportions (as percentages), ratios of complete to truncated copies, and estimation of insertion dates of class I retrotransposons showed that specific types of TEs have undergone waves of differential proliferation in the B and A genomes of wheat. While both genomes show similar rates and relatively ancient proliferation periods for the <italic>Athila</italic> retrotransposons, the <italic>Copia</italic> retrotransposons proliferated more recently in the A genome whereas <italic>Gypsy</italic> retrotransposon proliferation is more recent in the B genome. It was possible to estimate for the first time the proliferation periods of the abundant <italic>CACTA</italic> class II DNA transposons, relative to that of the three main retrotransposon superfamilies. Proliferation of these TEs started prior to and overlapped with that of the <italic>Athila</italic> retrotransposons in both genomes. However, they also proliferated during the same periods as <italic>Gypsy</italic> and <italic>Copia</italic> retrotransposons in the A genome, but not in the B genome. As estimated from their insertion dates and confirmed by PCR-based tracing analysis, the majority of differential proliferation of TEs in B and A genomes of wheat (87 and 83%, respectively), leading to rapid sequence divergence, occurred prior to the allotetraploidization event that brought them together in <italic>Triticum turgidum</italic> and <italic>Triticum aestivum</italic>, <0.5 million years ago. More importantly, the allotetraploidization event appears to have neither enhanced nor repressed retrotranspositions. We discuss the apparent proliferation of TEs as resulting from their insertion, removal, and/or combinations of both evolutionary forces.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Genetics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genetics</journal-id><journal-title>Genetics</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-6731</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Genetics Society of America</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18780739</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2567357</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">gen18021071</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1534/genetics.108.092304</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Investigations</subject><subj-group><subject>Population and Evolutionary Genetics</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Dynamics and Differential Proliferation of Transposable Elements During the Evolution of the B and A Genomes of Wheat</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Charles</surname><given-names>Mathieu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Belcram</surname><given-names>Harry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Just</surname><given-names>Jérémy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huneau</surname><given-names>Cécile</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Viollet</surname><given-names>Agnès</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Couloux</surname><given-names>Arnaud</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Segurens</surname><given-names>Béatrice</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carter</surname><given-names>Meredith</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huteau</surname><given-names>Virginie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Coriton</surname><given-names>Olivier</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Appels</surname><given-names>Rudi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Samain</surname><given-names>Sylvie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chalhoub</surname><given-names>Boulos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80">*</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="N0x4586320N0x42e2f80"><label>*</label>Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,<label>†</label>CEA: Institut de Génomique GENOSCOPE, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,<label>‡</label>State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia and<label>§</label>Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA, Agrocampus Rennes Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu, France</aff><author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>1</label><p><italic>Corresponding author:</italic> Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR: INRA-1165, CNR-S8114, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France. E-mail: <email>chalhoub@evry.inra.fr</email></p></fn><fn><p>Communicating editor: J. A. B<sc>irchler</sc></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>180</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>1071</fpage><lpage>1086</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day><month>6</month><year>2008</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>8</month><year>2008</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008 by the Genetics Society of America</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract><p>Transposable elements (TEs) constitute >80% of the wheat genome but their dynamics and contribution to size variation and evolution of wheat genomes (Triticum and Aegilops species) remain unexplored. In this study, 10 genomic regions have been sequenced from wheat chromosome 3B and used to constitute, along with all publicly available genomic sequences of wheat, 1.98 Mb of sequence (from 13 BAC clones) of the wheat B genome and 3.63 Mb of sequence (from 19 BAC clones) of the wheat A genome. Analysis of TE sequence proportions (as percentages), ratios of complete to truncated copies, and estimation of insertion dates of class I retrotransposons showed that specific types of TEs have undergone waves of differential proliferation in the B and A genomes of wheat. While both genomes show similar rates and relatively ancient proliferation periods for the <italic>Athila</italic> retrotransposons, the <italic>Copia</italic> retrotransposons proliferated more recently in the A genome whereas <italic>Gypsy</italic> retrotransposon proliferation is more recent in the B genome. It was possible to estimate for the first time the proliferation periods of the abundant <italic>CACTA</italic> class II DNA transposons, relative to that of the three main retrotransposon superfamilies. Proliferation of these TEs started prior to and overlapped with that of the <italic>Athila</italic> retrotransposons in both genomes. However, they also proliferated during the same periods as <italic>Gypsy</italic> and <italic>Copia</italic> retrotransposons in the A genome, but not in the B genome. As estimated from their insertion dates and confirmed by PCR-based tracing analysis, the majority of differential proliferation of TEs in B and A genomes of wheat (87 and 83%, respectively), leading to rapid sequence divergence, occurred prior to the allotetraploidization event that brought them together in <italic>Triticum turgidum</italic> and <italic>Triticum aestivum</italic>, <0.5 million years ago. More importantly, the allotetraploidization event appears to have neither enhanced nor repressed retrotranspositions. We discuss the apparent proliferation of TEs as resulting from their insertion, removal, and/or combinations of both evolutionary forces.</p></abstract></article-meta><notes><fn-group><fn><p>Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932680">AM932680</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932681">AM932681</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932682">AM932682</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932683">AM932683</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932684">AM932684</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932685">AM932685</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932686">AM932686</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932687">AM932687</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932688">AM932688</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" xlink:href="AM932689">AM932689</ext-link>.</p></fn></fn-group></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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