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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">CHRODIS criteria applied to the MASK (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK) Good Practice in allergic rhinitis: a SUNFRAIL report</title><author><name sortKey="Bousquet, J" sort="Bousquet, J" uniqKey="Bousquet J" first="J." last="Bousquet">J. Bousquet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff102"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>CHU Montpellier,</institution></institution-wrap>371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onorato, G L" sort="Onorato, G L" uniqKey="Onorato G" first="G. L." last="Onorato">G. L. Onorato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bachert, C" sort="Bachert, C" uniqKey="Bachert C" first="C." last="Bachert">C. Bachert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0626 3303</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410566.0</institution-id><institution>Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department,</institution><institution>Ghent University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbolini, M" sort="Barbolini, M" uniqKey="Barbolini M" first="M." last="Barbolini">M. Barbolini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Regione Emilia Romagna - Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale, Reference Site of the European Innovation Partnership on Healthy and Active Ageing, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedbrook, A" sort="Bedbrook, A" uniqKey="Bedbrook A" first="A." last="Bedbrook">A. Bedbrook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjermer, L" sort="Bjermer, L" uniqKey="Bjermer L" first="L." last="Bjermer">L. Bjermer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411843.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology,</institution><institution>University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Sousa, J Correia" sort="De Sousa, J Correia" uniqKey="De Sousa J" first="J. Correia" last="De Sousa">J. Correia De Sousa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2159 175X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10328.38</institution-id><institution>Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of Minho,</institution></institution-wrap>Braga, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chavannes, N H" sort="Chavannes, N H" uniqKey="Chavannes N" first="N. H." last="Chavannes">N. H. Chavannes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000089452978</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10419.3d</institution-id><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care,</institution><institution>Leiden University Medical Center,</institution></institution-wrap>Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cruz, A A" sort="Cruz, A A" uniqKey="Cruz A" first="A. A." last="Cruz">A. A. Cruz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0372 8259</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8399.b</institution-id><institution>ProAR – Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma,</institution><institution>Federal University of Bahia,</institution></institution-wrap>Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">GARD Executive Committee, Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Manuel Keenoy, E" sort="De Manuel Keenoy, E" uniqKey="De Manuel Keenoy E" first="E." last="De Manuel Keenoy">E. De Manuel Keenoy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.424267.1</institution-id><institution>Kronikgune, International Centre of Excellence in Chronicity Research Barakaldo,</institution></institution-wrap>Bizkaia Bilbao, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Devillier, P" sort="Devillier, P" uniqKey="Devillier P" first="P." last="Devillier">P. Devillier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2323 0229</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.12832.3a</institution-id><institution>Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Respiratoire UPRES EA220, Pôle des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch,</institution><institution>Suresnes Université Versailles Saint-Quentin,</institution></institution-wrap>Versailles, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, J" sort="Fonseca, J" uniqKey="Fonseca J" first="J." last="Fonseca">J. Fonseca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1503 7226</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5808.5</institution-id><institution>Center for Health Technology and Services Research- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina,</institution><institution>Universidade do Porto,</institution></institution-wrap>Porto, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Allergy Unit, CUF Porto Instituto and Hospital, Porto, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hun, S" sort="Hun, S" uniqKey="Hun S" first="S." last="Hun">S. Hun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0494 5490</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.454053.3</institution-id><institution>Public Health Agency Northern Ireland,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kostka, T" sort="Kostka, T" uniqKey="Kostka T" first="T." last="Kostka">T. Kostka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Geriatrics,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz, Healthy Ageing Research Centre (HARC),</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellings, P W" sort="Hellings, P W" uniqKey="Hellings P" first="P. W." last="Hellings">P. W. Hellings</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0668 7884</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5596.f</institution-id><institution>Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution><institution>KU Leuven,</institution></institution-wrap>Louvain, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illario, M" sort="Illario, M" uniqKey="Illario M" first="M." last="Illario">M. Illario</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Division for Health Innovation, Campania Region and Federico II University Hospital Naples (R&D and DISMET), Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivancevich, J C" sort="Ivancevich, J C" uniqKey="Ivancevich J" first="J. C." last="Ivancevich">J. C. Ivancevich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Allergy and Immunology Department, Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larenas Linnemann, D" sort="Larenas Linnemann, D" uniqKey="Larenas Linnemann D" first="D." last="Larenas-Linnemann">D. Larenas-Linnemann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414741.3</institution-id><institution>Clínica de Alergia, Asma y Pediatría,</institution><institution>Hospital Médica Sur,</institution></institution-wrap>Mexico, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Millot Keurinck, J" sort="Millot Keurinck, J" uniqKey="Millot Keurinck J" first="J." last="Millot-Keurinck">J. Millot-Keurinck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Caisse Assurance Retraite et Santé Au Travail Languedoc-Roussillon (CARSAT-LR), 34000 Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, D" sort="Ryan, D" uniqKey="Ryan D" first="D." last="Ryan">D. Ryan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff21"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7988</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4305.2</institution-id><institution>Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics,</institution><institution>University of Edinburgh,</institution></institution-wrap>Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samolinski, B" sort="Samolinski, B" uniqKey="Samolinski B" first="B." last="Samolinski">B. Samolinski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000113287408</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13339.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology,</institution><institution>Medical University of Warsaw,</institution></institution-wrap>Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, A" sort="Sheikh, A" uniqKey="Sheikh A" first="A." last="Sheikh">A. Sheikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff23"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7988</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4305.2</institution-id><institution>Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre of Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics,</institution><institution>The University of Edinburgh,</institution></institution-wrap>Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yorgancioglu, A" sort="Yorgancioglu, A" uniqKey="Yorgancioglu A" first="A." last="Yorgancioglu">A. Yorgancioglu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0595 6052</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411688.2</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonology,</institution><institution>Celal Bayar University,</institution></institution-wrap>Manisa, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff25">GARD Executive Committee, Manisa, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agache, I" sort="Agache, I" uniqKey="Agache I" first="I." last="Agache">I. Agache</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnavielhe, S" sort="Arnavielhe, S" uniqKey="Arnavielhe S" first="S." last="Arnavielhe">S. Arnavielhe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Kyomed, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bewick, M" sort="Bewick, M" uniqKey="Bewick M" first="M." last="Bewick">M. Bewick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff28">iQ4U Consultants Ltd, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Annesi Maesano, I" sort="Annesi Maesano, I" uniqKey="Annesi Maesano I" first="I." last="Annesi-Maesano">I. Annesi-Maesano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff29">EPAR U707 INSERM, Paris and EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris VI, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anto, J M" sort="Anto, J M" uniqKey="Anto J" first="J. M." last="Anto">J. M. Anto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff30"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1763 3517</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.434607.2</institution-id><institution>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL),</institution><institution>ISGLoBAL,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff31"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1767 8811</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411142.3</institution-id><institution>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute),</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff32"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413448.e</institution-id><institution>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),</institution></institution-wrap>Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff33"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2172 2676</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5612.0</institution-id><institution>Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF),</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, K C" sort="Bergmann, K C" uniqKey="Bergmann K" first="K. C." last="Bergmann">K. C. Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff34"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Comprehensive Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bindslev Jensen, C" sort="Bindslev Jensen, C" uniqKey="Bindslev Jensen C" first="C." last="Bindslev-Jensen">C. Bindslev-Jensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff36"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0512 5013</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7143.1</institution-id><institution>Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre,</institution><institution>Odense University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bosnic Anticevich, S" sort="Bosnic Anticevich, S" uniqKey="Bosnic Anticevich S" first="S." last="Bosnic-Anticevich">S. Bosnic-Anticevich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff37">Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff43"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1756 8807</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.417728.f</institution-id><institution>Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas University,</institution><institution>Humanitas Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Rozzano, Milan Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, J" sort="Bouchard, J" uniqKey="Bouchard J" first="J." last="Bouchard">J. Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff38">Laval’s University, Quebec City, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff39">Hôpital de la Malbaie, Quebec City, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caimmi, D P" sort="Caimmi, D P" uniqKey="Caimmi D" first="D. P." last="Caimmi">D. P. Caimmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff40"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>CHRU de Montpellier,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>UPMC Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, IPLESP, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff41"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Montpellier University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camargos, P" sort="Camargos, P" uniqKey="Camargos P" first="P." last="Camargos">P. Camargos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff42"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2181 4888</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8430.f</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Medical School,</institution><institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais,</institution></institution-wrap>Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canonica, G W" sort="Canonica, G W" uniqKey="Canonica G" first="G. W." last="Canonica">G. W. Canonica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff40"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>CHRU de Montpellier,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>UPMC Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, IPLESP, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona, V" sort="Cardona, V" uniqKey="Cardona V" first="V." last="Cardona">V. Cardona</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff44"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0675 8654</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411083.f</institution-id><institution>Allergologia, S Medicina Interna,</institution><institution>Hospital Vall d’Hebron,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carriazo, A M" sort="Carriazo, A M" uniqKey="Carriazo A" first="A. M." last="Carriazo">A. M. Carriazo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff45">Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia, Seville, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cingi, C" sort="Cingi, C" uniqKey="Cingi C" first="C." last="Cingi">C. Cingi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff46"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0596 2460</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.164274.2</institution-id><institution>ENT Department, Medical Faculty,</institution><institution>Eskisehir Osmangazi University,</institution></institution-wrap>Eskisehir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colgan, E" sort="Colgan, E" uniqKey="Colgan E" first="E." last="Colgan">E. Colgan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff47"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.450701.7</institution-id><institution>Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Custovic, A" sort="Custovic, A" uniqKey="Custovic A" first="A." last="Custovic">A. Custovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff48"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2113 8111</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatric,</institution><institution>Imperial College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, R" sort="Dahl, R" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="R." last="Dahl">R. Dahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0372 8259</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8399.b</institution-id><institution>ProAR – Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma,</institution><institution>Federal University of Bahia,</institution></institution-wrap>Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">GARD Executive Committee, Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demoly, P" sort="Demoly, P" uniqKey="Demoly P" first="P." last="Demoly">P. Demoly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff41"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Montpellier University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vries, G" sort="De Vries, G" uniqKey="De Vries G" first="G." last="De Vries">G. De Vries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff49">Peercode DV, Gerdermalsen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fokkens, W J" sort="Fokkens, W J" uniqKey="Fokkens W" first="W. J." last="Fokkens">W. J. Fokkens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff50"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404654431</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5650.6</institution-id><institution>Department of Otorhinolaryngology,</institution><institution>Academic Medical Centre,</institution></institution-wrap>Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontaine, J F" sort="Fontaine, J F" uniqKey="Fontaine J" first="J. F." last="Fontaine">J. F. Fontaine</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff51">Allergist, Reims, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gemicio Lu, B" sort="Gemicio Lu, B" uniqKey="Gemicio Lu B" first="B." last="Gemicio Lu">B. Gemicio Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff52"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2166 6619</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.9601.e</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>Istanbul University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guldemond, N" sort="Guldemond, N" uniqKey="Guldemond N" first="N." last="Guldemond">N. Guldemond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff53"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000092621349</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6906.9</institution-id><institution>Institute of Health Policy and Management iBMG,</institution><institution>Erasmus University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutter, Z" sort="Gutter, Z" uniqKey="Gutter Z" first="Z." last="Gutter">Z. Gutter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff54"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0609 2225</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412730.3</institution-id><institution>University Hospital Olomouc – National eHealth Centre,</institution></institution-wrap>Olomouc, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haahtela, T" sort="Haahtela, T" uniqKey="Haahtela T" first="T." last="Haahtela">T. Haahtela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff55"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9950 5666</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15485.3d</institution-id><institution>Skin and Allergy Hospital,</institution><institution>Helsinki University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellqvist Dahl, B" sort="Hellqvist Dahl, B" uniqKey="Hellqvist Dahl B" first="B." last="Hellqvist-Dahl">B. Hellqvist-Dahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff56"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0512 5013</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7143.1</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Odense University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jares, E" sort="Jares, E" uniqKey="Jares E" first="E." last="Jares">E. Jares</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff57">Libra Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joos, G" sort="Joos, G" uniqKey="Joos G" first="G." last="Joos">G. Joos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff58"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0626 3303</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410566.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Medicine,</institution><institution>Ghent University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Just, J" sort="Just, J" uniqKey="Just J" first="J." last="Just">J. Just</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff59"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1098</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413776.0</institution-id><institution>Allergology Department,</institution><institution>Centre de l’Asthme et des Allergies Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP),</institution></institution-wrap>Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff60"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>75013 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaltaev, N" sort="Khaltaev, N" uniqKey="Khaltaev N" first="N." last="Khaltaev">N. Khaltaev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff61">GARD Chairman, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keil, T" sort="Keil, T" uniqKey="Keil T" first="T." last="Keil">T. Keil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff62"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff63"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1958 8658</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8379.5</institution-id><institution>Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry,</institution><institution>University of Wuerzburg,</institution></institution-wrap>Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klimek, L" sort="Klimek, L" uniqKey="Klimek L" first="L." last="Klimek">L. Klimek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff64">Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalski, M L" sort="Kowalski, M L" uniqKey="Kowalski M" first="M. L." last="Kowalski">M. L. Kowalski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff65"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz, and HARC,</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kull, I" sort="Kull, I" uniqKey="Kull I" first="I." last="Kull">I. Kull</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff66">Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuna, P" sort="Kuna, P" uniqKey="Kuna P" first="P." last="Kuna">P. Kuna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff67"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz,</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kvedariene, V" sort="Kvedariene, V" uniqKey="Kvedariene V" first="V." last="Kvedariene">V. Kvedariene</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff68"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2243 2806</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6441.7</institution-id><institution>Clinic of Infectious, Chest Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology,</institution><institution>Vilnius University,</institution></institution-wrap>Vilnius, Lithuania</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laune, D" sort="Laune, D" uniqKey="Laune D" first="D." last="Laune">D. Laune</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Kyomed, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Louis, R" sort="Louis, R" uniqKey="Louis R" first="R." last="Louis">R. Louis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff69"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8607 6858</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411374.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonary Medicine,</institution><institution>CHU Sart-Tilman,</institution></institution-wrap>Liege, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnan, A" sort="Magnan, A" uniqKey="Magnan A" first="A." last="Magnan">A. Magnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff70"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4817.a</institution-id><institution>Service de Pneumologie, UMR INSERM, UMR1087 and CNR 6291, l’institut du thorax,</institution><institution>University of Nantes,</institution></institution-wrap>Nantes, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malva, J" sort="Malva, J" uniqKey="Malva J" first="J." last="Malva">J. Malva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff71"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9511 4342</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8051.c</institution-id><institution>Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Coimbra,</institution></institution-wrap>Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff72">Ageing@Coimbra EIP-AHA Reference Site, Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathieu Dupas, E" sort="Mathieu Dupas, E" uniqKey="Mathieu Dupas E" first="E." last="Mathieu-Dupas">E. Mathieu-Dupas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Kyomed, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melen, E" sort="Melen, E" uniqKey="Melen E" first="E." last="Melén">E. Melén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff73"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine,</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menditto, E" sort="Menditto, E" uniqKey="Menditto E" first="E." last="Menditto">E. Menditto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff74"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0790 385X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4691.a</institution-id><institution>CIRFF,</institution><institution>Federico II University,</institution></institution-wrap>Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morais Almeida, M" sort="Morais Almeida, M" uniqKey="Morais Almeida M" first="M." last="Morais-Almeida">M. Morais-Almeida</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff75">Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mosges, R" sort="Mosges, R" uniqKey="Mosges R" first="R." last="Mösges">R. Mösges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff76"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8580 3777</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6190.e</institution-id><institution>Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty,</institution><institution>University of Cologne,</institution></institution-wrap>Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mullol, J" sort="Mullol, J" uniqKey="Mullol J" first="J." last="Mullol">J. Mullol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff77"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>Universitat de Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, R" sort="Murray, R" uniqKey="Murray R" first="R." last="Murray">R. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff78">Medical Communications Consultant, MedScript Ltd, Dundalk, Co Louth Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neffen, H" sort="Neffen, H" uniqKey="Neffen H" first="H." last="Neffen">H. Neffen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff79">Argentina Center for Allergy and Immunology, Alassia Children’s Hospital, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Ehir, R" sort="O Ehir, R" uniqKey="O Ehir R" first="R." last="O Ehir">R. O Ehir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff80"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7857</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1002.3</institution-id><institution>Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School,</institution><institution>Monash University,</institution></institution-wrap>Melbourne, VIC Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff81"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7857</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1002.3</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology,</institution><institution>Monash University,</institution></institution-wrap>Melbourne, VIC Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palkonen, S" sort="Palkonen, S" uniqKey="Palkonen S" first="S." last="Palkonen">S. Palkonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff82"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.434606.3</institution-id><institution>EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations,</institution></institution-wrap>Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papadopoulos, N G" sort="Papadopoulos, N G" uniqKey="Papadopoulos N" first="N. G." last="Papadopoulos">N. G. Papadopoulos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff83"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121662407</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5379.8</institution-id><institution>Center for Pediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital,</institution><institution>University of Manchester,</institution></institution-wrap>Manchester, M13 9WL UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff84"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2155 0800</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5216.0</institution-id><institution>Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children’s Hospital “P&A Kyriakou,”,</institution><institution>University of Athens,</institution></institution-wrap>Athens, 11527 Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Passalacqua, G" sort="Passalacqua, G" uniqKey="Passalacqua G" first="G." last="Passalacqua">G. Passalacqua</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff85"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2151 3065</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5606.5</institution-id><institution>Allergy and Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST-University of Genoa,</institution></institution-wrap>Genoa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pepin, J L" sort="Pepin, J L" uniqKey="Pepin J" first="J. L." last="Pépin">J. L. Pépin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff86">CHU Grenoble, La Tronche, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portejoie, F" sort="Portejoie, F" uniqKey="Portejoie F" first="F." last="Portejoie">F. Portejoie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, D" sort="Price, D" uniqKey="Price D" first="D." last="Price">D. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff87">Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff88">Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff89"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7291</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7107.1</institution-id><institution>Academic Centre of Primary Care,</institution><institution>University of Aberdeen,</institution></institution-wrap>Aberdeen, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pugin, B" sort="Pugin, B" uniqKey="Pugin B" first="B." last="Pugin">B. Pugin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0668 7884</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5596.f</institution-id><institution>Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution><institution>KU Leuven,</institution></institution-wrap>Louvain, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raciborski, F" sort="Raciborski, F" uniqKey="Raciborski F" first="F." last="Raciborski">F. Raciborski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000113287408</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13339.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology,</institution><institution>Medical University of Warsaw,</institution></institution-wrap>Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simons, F E R" sort="Simons, F E R" uniqKey="Simons F" first="F. E. R." last="Simons">F. E. R. Simons</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff90"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9609</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sova, M" sort="Sova, M" uniqKey="Sova M" first="M." last="Sova">M. Sova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff91"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0609 2225</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412730.3</institution-id><institution>University Hospital Olomouc,</institution></institution-wrap>Olomouc, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spranger, O" sort="Spranger, O" uniqKey="Spranger O" first="O." last="Spranger">O. Spranger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff92">Global Allergy and Asthma Platform GAAPP, Altgasse 8-10, 1130 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stellato, C" sort="Stellato, C" uniqKey="Stellato C" first="C." last="Stellato">C. Stellato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff93"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0335</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11780.3f</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”,</institution><institution>University of Salerno,</institution></institution-wrap>Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Todo Bom, A" sort="Todo Bom, A" uniqKey="Todo Bom A" first="A." last="Todo Bom">A. Todo Bom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff94"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9511 4342</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8051.c</institution-id><institution>Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Coimbra,</institution></institution-wrap>Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomazic, P V" sort="Tomazic, P V" uniqKey="Tomazic P" first="P. V." last="Tomazic">P. V. Tomazic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff95"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8988 2476</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11598.34</institution-id><institution>Department of ENT,</institution><institution>Medical University of Graz,</institution></institution-wrap>Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Triggiani, M" sort="Triggiani, M" uniqKey="Triggiani M" first="M." last="Triggiani">M. Triggiani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff93"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0335</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11780.3f</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”,</institution><institution>University of Salerno,</institution></institution-wrap>Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valero, A" sort="Valero, A" uniqKey="Valero A" first="A." last="Valero">A. Valero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff96"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Pneumology and Allergy Department Hospital Clínic, Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>University of Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valovirta, E" sort="Valovirta, E" uniqKey="Valovirta E" first="E." last="Valovirta">E. Valovirta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff96"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Pneumology and Allergy Department Hospital Clínic, Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>University of Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenplas, O" sort="Vandenplas, O" uniqKey="Vandenplas O" first="O." last="Vandenplas">O. Vandenplas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff97"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2294 713X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7942.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur,</institution><institution>Université Catholique de Louvain,</institution></institution-wrap>Yvoir, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valiulis, A" sort="Valiulis, A" uniqKey="Valiulis A" first="A." last="Valiulis">A. Valiulis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff97"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2294 713X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7942.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur,</institution><institution>Université Catholique de Louvain,</institution></institution-wrap>Yvoir, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Eerd, M" sort="Van Eerd, M" uniqKey="Van Eerd M" first="M." last="Van Eerd">M. Van Eerd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff49">Peercode DV, Gerdermalsen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ventura, M T" sort="Ventura, M T" uniqKey="Ventura M" first="M. T." last="Ventura">M. T. Ventura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff98"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0120 3326</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7644.1</institution-id><institution>Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology,</institution><institution>University of Bari Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Bari, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wickman, M" sort="Wickman, M" uniqKey="Wickman M" first="M." last="Wickman">M. Wickman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff73"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine,</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, I" sort="Young, I" uniqKey="Young I" first="I." last="Young">I. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff99"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0374 7521</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4777.3</institution-id><institution>Queen’s University Belfast,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuberbier, T" sort="Zuberbier, T" uniqKey="Zuberbier T" first="T." last="Zuberbier">T. Zuberbier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff34"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Comprehensive Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zurkuhlen, A" sort="Zurkuhlen, A" uniqKey="Zurkuhlen A" first="A." last="Zurkuhlen">A. Zurkuhlen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff100">Gesundheitsregion KölnBonn - HRCB Projekt GmbH, Kohln, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Senn, A" sort="Senn, A" uniqKey="Senn A" first="A." last="Senn">A. Senn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff101"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.270680.b</institution-id><institution>EC-CNECT-H2,</institution><institution>European Commission,</institution></institution-wrap>Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29075437</idno><idno type="pmc">5654064</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5654064</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5654064</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13601-017-0173-8</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E79</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E79</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">CHRODIS criteria applied to the MASK (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK) Good Practice in allergic rhinitis: a SUNFRAIL report</title><author><name sortKey="Bousquet, J" sort="Bousquet, J" uniqKey="Bousquet J" first="J." last="Bousquet">J. Bousquet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff102"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>CHU Montpellier,</institution></institution-wrap>371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onorato, G L" sort="Onorato, G L" uniqKey="Onorato G" first="G. L." last="Onorato">G. L. Onorato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bachert, C" sort="Bachert, C" uniqKey="Bachert C" first="C." last="Bachert">C. Bachert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0626 3303</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410566.0</institution-id><institution>Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department,</institution><institution>Ghent University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbolini, M" sort="Barbolini, M" uniqKey="Barbolini M" first="M." last="Barbolini">M. Barbolini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Regione Emilia Romagna - Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale, Reference Site of the European Innovation Partnership on Healthy and Active Ageing, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedbrook, A" sort="Bedbrook, A" uniqKey="Bedbrook A" first="A." last="Bedbrook">A. Bedbrook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjermer, L" sort="Bjermer, L" uniqKey="Bjermer L" first="L." last="Bjermer">L. Bjermer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411843.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology,</institution><institution>University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Sousa, J Correia" sort="De Sousa, J Correia" uniqKey="De Sousa J" first="J. Correia" last="De Sousa">J. Correia De Sousa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2159 175X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10328.38</institution-id><institution>Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of Minho,</institution></institution-wrap>Braga, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chavannes, N H" sort="Chavannes, N H" uniqKey="Chavannes N" first="N. H." last="Chavannes">N. H. Chavannes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000089452978</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10419.3d</institution-id><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care,</institution><institution>Leiden University Medical Center,</institution></institution-wrap>Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cruz, A A" sort="Cruz, A A" uniqKey="Cruz A" first="A. A." last="Cruz">A. A. Cruz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0372 8259</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8399.b</institution-id><institution>ProAR – Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma,</institution><institution>Federal University of Bahia,</institution></institution-wrap>Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">GARD Executive Committee, Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Manuel Keenoy, E" sort="De Manuel Keenoy, E" uniqKey="De Manuel Keenoy E" first="E." last="De Manuel Keenoy">E. De Manuel Keenoy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.424267.1</institution-id><institution>Kronikgune, International Centre of Excellence in Chronicity Research Barakaldo,</institution></institution-wrap>Bizkaia Bilbao, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Devillier, P" sort="Devillier, P" uniqKey="Devillier P" first="P." last="Devillier">P. Devillier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2323 0229</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.12832.3a</institution-id><institution>Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Respiratoire UPRES EA220, Pôle des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch,</institution><institution>Suresnes Université Versailles Saint-Quentin,</institution></institution-wrap>Versailles, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, J" sort="Fonseca, J" uniqKey="Fonseca J" first="J." last="Fonseca">J. Fonseca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1503 7226</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5808.5</institution-id><institution>Center for Health Technology and Services Research- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina,</institution><institution>Universidade do Porto,</institution></institution-wrap>Porto, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Allergy Unit, CUF Porto Instituto and Hospital, Porto, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hun, S" sort="Hun, S" uniqKey="Hun S" first="S." last="Hun">S. Hun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0494 5490</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.454053.3</institution-id><institution>Public Health Agency Northern Ireland,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kostka, T" sort="Kostka, T" uniqKey="Kostka T" first="T." last="Kostka">T. Kostka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Geriatrics,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz, Healthy Ageing Research Centre (HARC),</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellings, P W" sort="Hellings, P W" uniqKey="Hellings P" first="P. W." last="Hellings">P. W. Hellings</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0668 7884</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5596.f</institution-id><institution>Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution><institution>KU Leuven,</institution></institution-wrap>Louvain, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illario, M" sort="Illario, M" uniqKey="Illario M" first="M." last="Illario">M. Illario</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Division for Health Innovation, Campania Region and Federico II University Hospital Naples (R&D and DISMET), Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivancevich, J C" sort="Ivancevich, J C" uniqKey="Ivancevich J" first="J. C." last="Ivancevich">J. C. Ivancevich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Allergy and Immunology Department, Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larenas Linnemann, D" sort="Larenas Linnemann, D" uniqKey="Larenas Linnemann D" first="D." last="Larenas-Linnemann">D. Larenas-Linnemann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414741.3</institution-id><institution>Clínica de Alergia, Asma y Pediatría,</institution><institution>Hospital Médica Sur,</institution></institution-wrap>Mexico, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Millot Keurinck, J" sort="Millot Keurinck, J" uniqKey="Millot Keurinck J" first="J." last="Millot-Keurinck">J. Millot-Keurinck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Caisse Assurance Retraite et Santé Au Travail Languedoc-Roussillon (CARSAT-LR), 34000 Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, D" sort="Ryan, D" uniqKey="Ryan D" first="D." last="Ryan">D. Ryan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff21"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7988</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4305.2</institution-id><institution>Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics,</institution><institution>University of Edinburgh,</institution></institution-wrap>Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samolinski, B" sort="Samolinski, B" uniqKey="Samolinski B" first="B." last="Samolinski">B. Samolinski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000113287408</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13339.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology,</institution><institution>Medical University of Warsaw,</institution></institution-wrap>Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, A" sort="Sheikh, A" uniqKey="Sheikh A" first="A." last="Sheikh">A. Sheikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff23"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7988</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4305.2</institution-id><institution>Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre of Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics,</institution><institution>The University of Edinburgh,</institution></institution-wrap>Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yorgancioglu, A" sort="Yorgancioglu, A" uniqKey="Yorgancioglu A" first="A." last="Yorgancioglu">A. Yorgancioglu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0595 6052</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411688.2</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonology,</institution><institution>Celal Bayar University,</institution></institution-wrap>Manisa, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff25">GARD Executive Committee, Manisa, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agache, I" sort="Agache, I" uniqKey="Agache I" first="I." last="Agache">I. Agache</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnavielhe, S" sort="Arnavielhe, S" uniqKey="Arnavielhe S" first="S." last="Arnavielhe">S. Arnavielhe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Kyomed, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bewick, M" sort="Bewick, M" uniqKey="Bewick M" first="M." last="Bewick">M. Bewick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff28">iQ4U Consultants Ltd, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Annesi Maesano, I" sort="Annesi Maesano, I" uniqKey="Annesi Maesano I" first="I." last="Annesi-Maesano">I. Annesi-Maesano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff29">EPAR U707 INSERM, Paris and EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris VI, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anto, J M" sort="Anto, J M" uniqKey="Anto J" first="J. M." last="Anto">J. M. Anto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff30"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1763 3517</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.434607.2</institution-id><institution>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL),</institution><institution>ISGLoBAL,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff31"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1767 8811</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411142.3</institution-id><institution>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute),</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff32"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413448.e</institution-id><institution>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),</institution></institution-wrap>Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff33"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2172 2676</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5612.0</institution-id><institution>Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF),</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, K C" sort="Bergmann, K C" uniqKey="Bergmann K" first="K. C." last="Bergmann">K. C. Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff34"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Comprehensive Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bindslev Jensen, C" sort="Bindslev Jensen, C" uniqKey="Bindslev Jensen C" first="C." last="Bindslev-Jensen">C. Bindslev-Jensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff36"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0512 5013</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7143.1</institution-id><institution>Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre,</institution><institution>Odense University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bosnic Anticevich, S" sort="Bosnic Anticevich, S" uniqKey="Bosnic Anticevich S" first="S." last="Bosnic-Anticevich">S. Bosnic-Anticevich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff37">Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff43"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1756 8807</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.417728.f</institution-id><institution>Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas University,</institution><institution>Humanitas Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Rozzano, Milan Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, J" sort="Bouchard, J" uniqKey="Bouchard J" first="J." last="Bouchard">J. Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff38">Laval’s University, Quebec City, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff39">Hôpital de la Malbaie, Quebec City, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caimmi, D P" sort="Caimmi, D P" uniqKey="Caimmi D" first="D. P." last="Caimmi">D. P. Caimmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff40"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>CHRU de Montpellier,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>UPMC Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, IPLESP, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff41"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Montpellier University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camargos, P" sort="Camargos, P" uniqKey="Camargos P" first="P." last="Camargos">P. Camargos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff42"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2181 4888</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8430.f</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Medical School,</institution><institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais,</institution></institution-wrap>Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canonica, G W" sort="Canonica, G W" uniqKey="Canonica G" first="G. W." last="Canonica">G. W. Canonica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff40"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>CHRU de Montpellier,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>UPMC Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, IPLESP, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona, V" sort="Cardona, V" uniqKey="Cardona V" first="V." last="Cardona">V. Cardona</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff44"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0675 8654</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411083.f</institution-id><institution>Allergologia, S Medicina Interna,</institution><institution>Hospital Vall d’Hebron,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carriazo, A M" sort="Carriazo, A M" uniqKey="Carriazo A" first="A. M." last="Carriazo">A. M. Carriazo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff45">Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia, Seville, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cingi, C" sort="Cingi, C" uniqKey="Cingi C" first="C." last="Cingi">C. Cingi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff46"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0596 2460</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.164274.2</institution-id><institution>ENT Department, Medical Faculty,</institution><institution>Eskisehir Osmangazi University,</institution></institution-wrap>Eskisehir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colgan, E" sort="Colgan, E" uniqKey="Colgan E" first="E." last="Colgan">E. Colgan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff47"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.450701.7</institution-id><institution>Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Custovic, A" sort="Custovic, A" uniqKey="Custovic A" first="A." last="Custovic">A. Custovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff48"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2113 8111</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatric,</institution><institution>Imperial College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, R" sort="Dahl, R" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="R." last="Dahl">R. Dahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0372 8259</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8399.b</institution-id><institution>ProAR – Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma,</institution><institution>Federal University of Bahia,</institution></institution-wrap>Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">GARD Executive Committee, Salvador, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demoly, P" sort="Demoly, P" uniqKey="Demoly P" first="P." last="Demoly">P. Demoly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff41"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Montpellier University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vries, G" sort="De Vries, G" uniqKey="De Vries G" first="G." last="De Vries">G. De Vries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff49">Peercode DV, Gerdermalsen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fokkens, W J" sort="Fokkens, W J" uniqKey="Fokkens W" first="W. J." last="Fokkens">W. J. Fokkens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff50"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404654431</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5650.6</institution-id><institution>Department of Otorhinolaryngology,</institution><institution>Academic Medical Centre,</institution></institution-wrap>Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontaine, J F" sort="Fontaine, J F" uniqKey="Fontaine J" first="J. F." last="Fontaine">J. F. Fontaine</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff51">Allergist, Reims, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gemicio Lu, B" sort="Gemicio Lu, B" uniqKey="Gemicio Lu B" first="B." last="Gemicio Lu">B. Gemicio Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff52"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2166 6619</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.9601.e</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>Istanbul University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guldemond, N" sort="Guldemond, N" uniqKey="Guldemond N" first="N." last="Guldemond">N. Guldemond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff53"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000092621349</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6906.9</institution-id><institution>Institute of Health Policy and Management iBMG,</institution><institution>Erasmus University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutter, Z" sort="Gutter, Z" uniqKey="Gutter Z" first="Z." last="Gutter">Z. Gutter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff54"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0609 2225</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412730.3</institution-id><institution>University Hospital Olomouc – National eHealth Centre,</institution></institution-wrap>Olomouc, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haahtela, T" sort="Haahtela, T" uniqKey="Haahtela T" first="T." last="Haahtela">T. Haahtela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff55"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9950 5666</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15485.3d</institution-id><institution>Skin and Allergy Hospital,</institution><institution>Helsinki University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellqvist Dahl, B" sort="Hellqvist Dahl, B" uniqKey="Hellqvist Dahl B" first="B." last="Hellqvist-Dahl">B. Hellqvist-Dahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff56"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0512 5013</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7143.1</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Odense University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jares, E" sort="Jares, E" uniqKey="Jares E" first="E." last="Jares">E. Jares</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff57">Libra Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joos, G" sort="Joos, G" uniqKey="Joos G" first="G." last="Joos">G. Joos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff58"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0626 3303</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410566.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Medicine,</institution><institution>Ghent University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Just, J" sort="Just, J" uniqKey="Just J" first="J." last="Just">J. Just</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff59"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1098</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413776.0</institution-id><institution>Allergology Department,</institution><institution>Centre de l’Asthme et des Allergies Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP),</institution></institution-wrap>Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff60"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>75013 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaltaev, N" sort="Khaltaev, N" uniqKey="Khaltaev N" first="N." last="Khaltaev">N. Khaltaev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff61">GARD Chairman, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keil, T" sort="Keil, T" uniqKey="Keil T" first="T." last="Keil">T. Keil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff62"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff63"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1958 8658</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8379.5</institution-id><institution>Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry,</institution><institution>University of Wuerzburg,</institution></institution-wrap>Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klimek, L" sort="Klimek, L" uniqKey="Klimek L" first="L." last="Klimek">L. Klimek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff64">Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalski, M L" sort="Kowalski, M L" uniqKey="Kowalski M" first="M. L." last="Kowalski">M. L. Kowalski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff65"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz, and HARC,</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kull, I" sort="Kull, I" uniqKey="Kull I" first="I." last="Kull">I. Kull</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff66">Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuna, P" sort="Kuna, P" uniqKey="Kuna P" first="P." last="Kuna">P. Kuna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff67"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz,</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kvedariene, V" sort="Kvedariene, V" uniqKey="Kvedariene V" first="V." last="Kvedariene">V. Kvedariene</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff68"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2243 2806</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6441.7</institution-id><institution>Clinic of Infectious, Chest Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology,</institution><institution>Vilnius University,</institution></institution-wrap>Vilnius, Lithuania</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laune, D" sort="Laune, D" uniqKey="Laune D" first="D." last="Laune">D. Laune</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Kyomed, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Louis, R" sort="Louis, R" uniqKey="Louis R" first="R." last="Louis">R. Louis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff69"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8607 6858</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411374.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonary Medicine,</institution><institution>CHU Sart-Tilman,</institution></institution-wrap>Liege, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnan, A" sort="Magnan, A" uniqKey="Magnan A" first="A." last="Magnan">A. Magnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff70"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4817.a</institution-id><institution>Service de Pneumologie, UMR INSERM, UMR1087 and CNR 6291, l’institut du thorax,</institution><institution>University of Nantes,</institution></institution-wrap>Nantes, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malva, J" sort="Malva, J" uniqKey="Malva J" first="J." last="Malva">J. Malva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff71"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9511 4342</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8051.c</institution-id><institution>Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Coimbra,</institution></institution-wrap>Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff72">Ageing@Coimbra EIP-AHA Reference Site, Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathieu Dupas, E" sort="Mathieu Dupas, E" uniqKey="Mathieu Dupas E" first="E." last="Mathieu-Dupas">E. Mathieu-Dupas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Kyomed, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melen, E" sort="Melen, E" uniqKey="Melen E" first="E." last="Melén">E. Melén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff73"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine,</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menditto, E" sort="Menditto, E" uniqKey="Menditto E" first="E." last="Menditto">E. Menditto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff74"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0790 385X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4691.a</institution-id><institution>CIRFF,</institution><institution>Federico II University,</institution></institution-wrap>Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morais Almeida, M" sort="Morais Almeida, M" uniqKey="Morais Almeida M" first="M." last="Morais-Almeida">M. Morais-Almeida</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff75">Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mosges, R" sort="Mosges, R" uniqKey="Mosges R" first="R." last="Mösges">R. Mösges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff76"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8580 3777</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6190.e</institution-id><institution>Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty,</institution><institution>University of Cologne,</institution></institution-wrap>Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mullol, J" sort="Mullol, J" uniqKey="Mullol J" first="J." last="Mullol">J. Mullol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff77"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>Universitat de Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, R" sort="Murray, R" uniqKey="Murray R" first="R." last="Murray">R. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff78">Medical Communications Consultant, MedScript Ltd, Dundalk, Co Louth Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neffen, H" sort="Neffen, H" uniqKey="Neffen H" first="H." last="Neffen">H. Neffen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff79">Argentina Center for Allergy and Immunology, Alassia Children’s Hospital, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Ehir, R" sort="O Ehir, R" uniqKey="O Ehir R" first="R." last="O Ehir">R. O Ehir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff80"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7857</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1002.3</institution-id><institution>Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School,</institution><institution>Monash University,</institution></institution-wrap>Melbourne, VIC Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff81"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7857</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1002.3</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology,</institution><institution>Monash University,</institution></institution-wrap>Melbourne, VIC Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palkonen, S" sort="Palkonen, S" uniqKey="Palkonen S" first="S." last="Palkonen">S. Palkonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff82"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.434606.3</institution-id><institution>EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations,</institution></institution-wrap>Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papadopoulos, N G" sort="Papadopoulos, N G" uniqKey="Papadopoulos N" first="N. G." last="Papadopoulos">N. G. Papadopoulos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff83"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121662407</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5379.8</institution-id><institution>Center for Pediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital,</institution><institution>University of Manchester,</institution></institution-wrap>Manchester, M13 9WL UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff84"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2155 0800</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5216.0</institution-id><institution>Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children’s Hospital “P&A Kyriakou,”,</institution><institution>University of Athens,</institution></institution-wrap>Athens, 11527 Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Passalacqua, G" sort="Passalacqua, G" uniqKey="Passalacqua G" first="G." last="Passalacqua">G. Passalacqua</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff85"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2151 3065</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5606.5</institution-id><institution>Allergy and Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST-University of Genoa,</institution></institution-wrap>Genoa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pepin, J L" sort="Pepin, J L" uniqKey="Pepin J" first="J. L." last="Pépin">J. L. Pépin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff86">CHU Grenoble, La Tronche, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portejoie, F" sort="Portejoie, F" uniqKey="Portejoie F" first="F." last="Portejoie">F. Portejoie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, D" sort="Price, D" uniqKey="Price D" first="D." last="Price">D. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff87">Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff88">Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff89"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7291</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7107.1</institution-id><institution>Academic Centre of Primary Care,</institution><institution>University of Aberdeen,</institution></institution-wrap>Aberdeen, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pugin, B" sort="Pugin, B" uniqKey="Pugin B" first="B." last="Pugin">B. Pugin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0668 7884</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5596.f</institution-id><institution>Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution><institution>KU Leuven,</institution></institution-wrap>Louvain, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raciborski, F" sort="Raciborski, F" uniqKey="Raciborski F" first="F." last="Raciborski">F. Raciborski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000113287408</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13339.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology,</institution><institution>Medical University of Warsaw,</institution></institution-wrap>Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simons, F E R" sort="Simons, F E R" uniqKey="Simons F" first="F. E. R." last="Simons">F. E. R. Simons</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff90"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9609</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sova, M" sort="Sova, M" uniqKey="Sova M" first="M." last="Sova">M. Sova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff91"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0609 2225</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412730.3</institution-id><institution>University Hospital Olomouc,</institution></institution-wrap>Olomouc, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spranger, O" sort="Spranger, O" uniqKey="Spranger O" first="O." last="Spranger">O. Spranger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff92">Global Allergy and Asthma Platform GAAPP, Altgasse 8-10, 1130 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stellato, C" sort="Stellato, C" uniqKey="Stellato C" first="C." last="Stellato">C. Stellato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff93"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0335</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11780.3f</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”,</institution><institution>University of Salerno,</institution></institution-wrap>Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Todo Bom, A" sort="Todo Bom, A" uniqKey="Todo Bom A" first="A." last="Todo Bom">A. Todo Bom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff94"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9511 4342</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8051.c</institution-id><institution>Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Coimbra,</institution></institution-wrap>Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomazic, P V" sort="Tomazic, P V" uniqKey="Tomazic P" first="P. V." last="Tomazic">P. V. Tomazic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff95"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8988 2476</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11598.34</institution-id><institution>Department of ENT,</institution><institution>Medical University of Graz,</institution></institution-wrap>Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Triggiani, M" sort="Triggiani, M" uniqKey="Triggiani M" first="M." last="Triggiani">M. Triggiani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff93"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0335</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11780.3f</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”,</institution><institution>University of Salerno,</institution></institution-wrap>Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valero, A" sort="Valero, A" uniqKey="Valero A" first="A." last="Valero">A. Valero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff96"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Pneumology and Allergy Department Hospital Clínic, Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>University of Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valovirta, E" sort="Valovirta, E" uniqKey="Valovirta E" first="E." last="Valovirta">E. Valovirta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff96"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Pneumology and Allergy Department Hospital Clínic, Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>University of Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenplas, O" sort="Vandenplas, O" uniqKey="Vandenplas O" first="O." last="Vandenplas">O. Vandenplas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff97"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2294 713X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7942.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur,</institution><institution>Université Catholique de Louvain,</institution></institution-wrap>Yvoir, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valiulis, A" sort="Valiulis, A" uniqKey="Valiulis A" first="A." last="Valiulis">A. Valiulis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff97"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2294 713X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7942.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur,</institution><institution>Université Catholique de Louvain,</institution></institution-wrap>Yvoir, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Eerd, M" sort="Van Eerd, M" uniqKey="Van Eerd M" first="M." last="Van Eerd">M. Van Eerd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff49">Peercode DV, Gerdermalsen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ventura, M T" sort="Ventura, M T" uniqKey="Ventura M" first="M. T." last="Ventura">M. T. Ventura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff98"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0120 3326</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7644.1</institution-id><institution>Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology,</institution><institution>University of Bari Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Bari, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wickman, M" sort="Wickman, M" uniqKey="Wickman M" first="M." last="Wickman">M. Wickman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff73"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine,</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, I" sort="Young, I" uniqKey="Young I" first="I." last="Young">I. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff99"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0374 7521</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4777.3</institution-id><institution>Queen’s University Belfast,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuberbier, T" sort="Zuberbier, T" uniqKey="Zuberbier T" first="T." last="Zuberbier">T. Zuberbier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff34"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Comprehensive Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zurkuhlen, A" sort="Zurkuhlen, A" uniqKey="Zurkuhlen A" first="A." last="Zurkuhlen">A. Zurkuhlen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff100">Gesundheitsregion KölnBonn - HRCB Projekt GmbH, Kohln, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Senn, A" sort="Senn, A" uniqKey="Senn A" first="A." last="Senn">A. Senn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff101"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.270680.b</institution-id><institution>EC-CNECT-H2,</institution><institution>European Commission,</institution></institution-wrap>Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical and Translational Allergy</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-7022</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">A Good Practice is a practice that works well, produces good results, and is recommended as a model. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network (MASK), the new Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative, is an example of a Good Practice focusing on the implementation of multi-sectoral care pathways using emerging technologies with real life data in rhinitis and asthma multi-morbidity. The European Union Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle (JA-CHRODIS) has developed a checklist of 28 items for the evaluation of Good Practices. SUNFRAIL (Reference Sites Network for Prevention and Care of Frailty and Chronic Conditions in community dwelling persons of EU Countries), a European Union project, assessed whether MASK is in line with the 28 items of JA-CHRODIS. A short summary was proposed for each item and 18 experts, all members of ARIA and SUNFRAIL from 12 countries, assessed the 28 items using a Survey Monkey-based questionnaire. A visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree) was used. Agreement equal or over 75% was observed for 14 items (50%). 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rid="Aff100">100</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Senn</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><address><email>arnaud.senn@ec.europa.eu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff101">101</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0626 3303</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410566.0</institution-id><institution>Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department,</institution><institution>Ghent University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ghent, Belgium</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>Regione Emilia Romagna - Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale, Reference Site of the European Innovation Partnership on Healthy and Active Ageing, Bologna, Italy</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411843.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology,</institution><institution>University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Lund, Sweden</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2159 175X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10328.38</institution-id><institution>Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences,</institution><institution>University of Minho,</institution></institution-wrap>Braga, Portugal</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000089452978</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10419.3d</institution-id><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care,</institution><institution>Leiden University Medical Center,</institution></institution-wrap>Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="Aff8"><label>8</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0372 8259</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8399.b</institution-id><institution>ProAR – Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma,</institution><institution>Federal University of Bahia,</institution></institution-wrap>Salvador, Brazil</aff><aff id="Aff9"><label>9</label>GARD Executive Committee, Salvador, Brazil</aff><aff id="Aff10"><label>10</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.424267.1</institution-id><institution>Kronikgune, International Centre of Excellence in Chronicity Research Barakaldo,</institution></institution-wrap>Bizkaia Bilbao, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff11"><label>11</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2323 0229</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.12832.3a</institution-id><institution>Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Respiratoire UPRES EA220, Pôle des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch,</institution><institution>Suresnes Université Versailles Saint-Quentin,</institution></institution-wrap>Versailles, France</aff><aff id="Aff12"><label>12</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1503 7226</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5808.5</institution-id><institution>Center for Health Technology and Services Research- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina,</institution><institution>Universidade do Porto,</institution></institution-wrap>Porto, Portugal</aff><aff id="Aff13"><label>13</label>Allergy Unit, CUF Porto Instituto and Hospital, Porto, Portugal</aff><aff id="Aff14"><label>14</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0494 5490</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.454053.3</institution-id><institution>Public Health Agency Northern Ireland,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, UK</aff><aff id="Aff15"><label>15</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Geriatrics,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz, Healthy Ageing Research Centre (HARC),</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</aff><aff id="Aff16"><label>16</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0668 7884</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5596.f</institution-id><institution>Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution><institution>KU Leuven,</institution></institution-wrap>Louvain, Belgium</aff><aff id="Aff17"><label>17</label>Division for Health Innovation, Campania Region and Federico II University Hospital Naples (R&D and DISMET), Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="Aff18"><label>18</label>Allergy and Immunology Department, Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina</aff><aff id="Aff19"><label>19</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414741.3</institution-id><institution>Clínica de Alergia, Asma y Pediatría,</institution><institution>Hospital Médica Sur,</institution></institution-wrap>Mexico, Mexico</aff><aff id="Aff20"><label>20</label>Caisse Assurance Retraite et Santé Au Travail Languedoc-Roussillon (CARSAT-LR), 34000 Montpellier, France</aff><aff id="Aff21"><label>21</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7988</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4305.2</institution-id><institution>Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics,</institution><institution>University of Edinburgh,</institution></institution-wrap>Edinburgh, UK</aff><aff id="Aff22"><label>22</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000113287408</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.13339.3b</institution-id><institution>Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology,</institution><institution>Medical University of Warsaw,</institution></institution-wrap>Warsaw, Poland</aff><aff id="Aff23"><label>23</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7988</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4305.2</institution-id><institution>Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre of Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics,</institution><institution>The University of Edinburgh,</institution></institution-wrap>Edinburgh, UK</aff><aff id="Aff24"><label>24</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0595 6052</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411688.2</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonology,</institution><institution>Celal Bayar University,</institution></institution-wrap>Manisa, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff25"><label>25</label>GARD Executive Committee, Manisa, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff26"><label>26</label>Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania</aff><aff id="Aff27"><label>27</label>Kyomed, Montpellier, France</aff><aff id="Aff28"><label>28</label>iQ4U Consultants Ltd, London, UK</aff><aff id="Aff29"><label>29</label>EPAR U707 INSERM, Paris and EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris VI, Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff30"><label>30</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1763 3517</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.434607.2</institution-id><institution>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL),</institution><institution>ISGLoBAL,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff31"><label>31</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1767 8811</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411142.3</institution-id><institution>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute),</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff32"><label>32</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413448.e</institution-id><institution>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),</institution></institution-wrap>Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff33"><label>33</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2172 2676</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5612.0</institution-id><institution>Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF),</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff34"><label>34</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Comprehensive Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff35"><label>35</label>Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff36"><label>36</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0512 5013</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7143.1</institution-id><institution>Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre,</institution><institution>Odense University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Odense, Denmark</aff><aff id="Aff37"><label>37</label>Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW Australia</aff><aff id="Aff38"><label>38</label>Laval’s University, Quebec City, Canada</aff><aff id="Aff39"><label>39</label>Hôpital de la Malbaie, Quebec City, Canada</aff><aff id="Aff40"><label>40</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>CHRU de Montpellier,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>UPMC Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, IPLESP, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff41"><label>41</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Montpellier University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Montpellier, France</aff><aff id="Aff42"><label>42</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2181 4888</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8430.f</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Medical School,</institution><institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais,</institution></institution-wrap>Belo Horizonte, Brazil</aff><aff id="Aff43"><label>43</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1756 8807</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.417728.f</institution-id><institution>Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas University,</institution><institution>Humanitas Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Rozzano, Milan Italy</aff><aff id="Aff44"><label>44</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0675 8654</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411083.f</institution-id><institution>Allergologia, S Medicina Interna,</institution><institution>Hospital Vall d’Hebron,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff45"><label>45</label>Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia, Seville, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff46"><label>46</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0596 2460</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.164274.2</institution-id><institution>ENT Department, Medical Faculty,</institution><institution>Eskisehir Osmangazi University,</institution></institution-wrap>Eskisehir, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff47"><label>47</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.450701.7</institution-id><institution>Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK</aff><aff id="Aff48"><label>48</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2113 8111</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatric,</institution><institution>Imperial College London,</institution></institution-wrap>London, UK</aff><aff id="Aff49"><label>49</label>Peercode DV, Gerdermalsen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="Aff50"><label>50</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404654431</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5650.6</institution-id><institution>Department of Otorhinolaryngology,</institution><institution>Academic Medical Centre,</institution></institution-wrap>Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="Aff51"><label>51</label>Allergist, Reims, France</aff><aff id="Aff52"><label>52</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2166 6619</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.9601.e</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>Istanbul University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff53"><label>53</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000092621349</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6906.9</institution-id><institution>Institute of Health Policy and Management iBMG,</institution><institution>Erasmus University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="Aff54"><label>54</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0609 2225</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412730.3</institution-id><institution>University Hospital Olomouc – National eHealth Centre,</institution></institution-wrap>Olomouc, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="Aff55"><label>55</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9950 5666</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.15485.3d</institution-id><institution>Skin and Allergy Hospital,</institution><institution>Helsinki University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="Aff56"><label>56</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0512 5013</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7143.1</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>Odense University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Odense, Denmark</aff><aff id="Aff57"><label>57</label>Libra Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina</aff><aff id="Aff58"><label>58</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0626 3303</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410566.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Respiratory Medicine,</institution><institution>Ghent University Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ghent, Belgium</aff><aff id="Aff59"><label>59</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1098</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413776.0</institution-id><institution>Allergology Department,</institution><institution>Centre de l’Asthme et des Allergies Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP),</institution></institution-wrap>Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff60"><label>60</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2308 1657</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.462844.8</institution-id><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR,</institution><institution>Sorbonne Universités,</institution></institution-wrap>75013 Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff61"><label>61</label>GARD Chairman, Geneva, Switzerland</aff><aff id="Aff62"><label>62</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2218 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6363.0</institution-id><institution>Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,</institution></institution-wrap>Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff63"><label>63</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1958 8658</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8379.5</institution-id><institution>Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry,</institution><institution>University of Wuerzburg,</institution></institution-wrap>Würzburg, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff64"><label>64</label>Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff65"><label>65</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz, and HARC,</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</aff><aff id="Aff66"><label>66</label>Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="Aff67"><label>67</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 3025</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8267.b</institution-id><institution>Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital,</institution><institution>Medical University of Lodz,</institution></institution-wrap>Lodz, Poland</aff><aff id="Aff68"><label>68</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2243 2806</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6441.7</institution-id><institution>Clinic of Infectious, Chest Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology,</institution><institution>Vilnius University,</institution></institution-wrap>Vilnius, Lithuania</aff><aff id="Aff69"><label>69</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8607 6858</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411374.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Pulmonary Medicine,</institution><institution>CHU Sart-Tilman,</institution></institution-wrap>Liege, Belgium</aff><aff id="Aff70"><label>70</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4817.a</institution-id><institution>Service de Pneumologie, UMR INSERM, UMR1087 and CNR 6291, l’institut du thorax,</institution><institution>University of Nantes,</institution></institution-wrap>Nantes, France</aff><aff id="Aff71"><label>71</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9511 4342</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8051.c</institution-id><institution>Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Coimbra,</institution></institution-wrap>Coimbra, Portugal</aff><aff id="Aff72"><label>72</label>Ageing@Coimbra EIP-AHA Reference Site, Coimbra, Portugal</aff><aff id="Aff73"><label>73</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0626</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4714.6</institution-id><institution>Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine,</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet,</institution></institution-wrap>Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="Aff74"><label>74</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0790 385X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4691.a</institution-id><institution>CIRFF,</institution><institution>Federico II University,</institution></institution-wrap>Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="Aff75"><label>75</label>Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal</aff><aff id="Aff76"><label>76</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8580 3777</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6190.e</institution-id><institution>Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty,</institution><institution>University of Cologne,</institution></institution-wrap>Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff77"><label>77</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>Universitat de Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff78"><label>78</label>Medical Communications Consultant, MedScript Ltd, Dundalk, Co Louth Ireland</aff><aff id="Aff79"><label>79</label>Argentina Center for Allergy and Immunology, Alassia Children’s Hospital, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina</aff><aff id="Aff80"><label>80</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7857</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1002.3</institution-id><institution>Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School,</institution><institution>Monash University,</institution></institution-wrap>Melbourne, VIC Australia</aff><aff id="Aff81"><label>81</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7857</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1002.3</institution-id><institution>Department of Immunology,</institution><institution>Monash University,</institution></institution-wrap>Melbourne, VIC Australia</aff><aff id="Aff82"><label>82</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.434606.3</institution-id><institution>EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations,</institution></institution-wrap>Brussels, Belgium</aff><aff id="Aff83"><label>83</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121662407</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5379.8</institution-id><institution>Center for Pediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital,</institution><institution>University of Manchester,</institution></institution-wrap>Manchester, M13 9WL UK</aff><aff id="Aff84"><label>84</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2155 0800</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5216.0</institution-id><institution>Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children’s Hospital “P&A Kyriakou,”,</institution><institution>University of Athens,</institution></institution-wrap>Athens, 11527 Greece</aff><aff id="Aff85"><label>85</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2151 3065</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5606.5</institution-id><institution>Allergy and Respiratory Diseases,</institution><institution>IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST-University of Genoa,</institution></institution-wrap>Genoa, Italy</aff><aff id="Aff86"><label>86</label>CHU Grenoble, La Tronche, France</aff><aff id="Aff87"><label>87</label>Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore</aff><aff id="Aff88"><label>88</label>Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK</aff><aff id="Aff89"><label>89</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7291</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7107.1</institution-id><institution>Academic Centre of Primary Care,</institution><institution>University of Aberdeen,</institution></institution-wrap>Aberdeen, UK</aff><aff id="Aff90"><label>90</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9609</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada</aff><aff id="Aff91"><label>91</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0609 2225</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412730.3</institution-id><institution>University Hospital Olomouc,</institution></institution-wrap>Olomouc, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="Aff92"><label>92</label>Global Allergy and Asthma Platform GAAPP, Altgasse 8-10, 1130 Vienna, Austria</aff><aff id="Aff93"><label>93</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0335</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11780.3f</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”,</institution><institution>University of Salerno,</institution></institution-wrap>Salerno, Italy</aff><aff id="Aff94"><label>94</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9511 4342</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8051.c</institution-id><institution>Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Coimbra,</institution></institution-wrap>Coimbra, Portugal</aff><aff id="Aff95"><label>95</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8988 2476</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11598.34</institution-id><institution>Department of ENT,</institution><institution>Medical University of Graz,</institution></institution-wrap>Graz, Austria</aff><aff id="Aff96"><label>96</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0247</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5841.8</institution-id><institution>Pneumology and Allergy Department Hospital Clínic, Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES,</institution><institution>University of Barcelona,</institution></institution-wrap>Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="Aff97"><label>97</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2294 713X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7942.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur,</institution><institution>Université Catholique de Louvain,</institution></institution-wrap>Yvoir, Belgium</aff><aff id="Aff98"><label>98</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0120 3326</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7644.1</institution-id><institution>Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology,</institution><institution>University of Bari Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Bari, Italy</aff><aff id="Aff99"><label>99</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0374 7521</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4777.3</institution-id><institution>Queen’s University Belfast,</institution></institution-wrap>Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK</aff><aff id="Aff100"><label>100</label>Gesundheitsregion KölnBonn - HRCB Projekt GmbH, Kohln, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff101"><label>101</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.270680.b</institution-id><institution>EC-CNECT-H2,</institution><institution>European Commission,</institution></institution-wrap>Brussels, Belgium</aff><aff id="Aff102"><label>102</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9961 060X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.157868.5</institution-id><institution>CHU Montpellier,</institution></institution-wrap>371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><elocation-id>37</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>8</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>9</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2017</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">A Good Practice is a practice that works well, produces good results, and is recommended as a model. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network (MASK), the new Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative, is an example of a Good Practice focusing on the implementation of multi-sectoral care pathways using emerging technologies with real life data in rhinitis and asthma multi-morbidity. The European Union Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle (JA-CHRODIS) has developed a checklist of 28 items for the evaluation of Good Practices. SUNFRAIL (Reference Sites Network for Prevention and Care of Frailty and Chronic Conditions in community dwelling persons of EU Countries), a European Union project, assessed whether MASK is in line with the 28 items of JA-CHRODIS. A short summary was proposed for each item and 18 experts, all members of ARIA and SUNFRAIL from 12 countries, assessed the 28 items using a Survey Monkey-based questionnaire. A visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree) was used. Agreement equal or over 75% was observed for 14 items (50%). MASK is following the JA-CHRODIS recommendations for the evaluation of Good Practices.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Rhinitis</kwd><kwd>Asthma</kwd><kwd>CHRODIS</kwd><kwd>ARIA</kwd><kwd>MASK</kwd><kwd>Sunfrail</kwd><kwd>Good Practices</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>MACVIA-France, Structural and development Funds (EU, Région Languedoc Roussillon)</institution></funding-source></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2017</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="Sec1"><title>Background</title><p id="Par38">European Innovation Partnerships (EIPs) aim to enhance European Union (EU) competitiveness and tackle societal challenges through research and innovation. To tackle the potential of ageing in the EU, the European Commission-within its Innovation Union policy-launched the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Directorate General for Health and Food Safety, Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content & Technology (EIP on AHA, DG Santé and DG CONNECT) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>]. The B3 Action Plan promotes integrated care models for chronic diseases, including the use of remote monitoring.</p><p id="Par39">The initiative AIRWAYS ICPs (EIP on AHA) is the model of chronic diseases of the B3 Action Plan [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. It is a GARD (Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases, WHO) Research Demonstration Project [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>]. AIRWAYS ICPs was initiated in 2013 by the EIP on AHA Reference Site MACVIA-LR (<italic>Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en</italic> Languedoc-Roussillon, France) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>]. The aim of AIRWAYS ICPs was to launch a collaboration to develop practical multi-sectoral care pathways (ICPs) in order to: (1) reduce chronic respiratory disease burden, mortality and multi-morbidity; (2) improve education of all stakeholders; (3) improve work productivity; (4) promote AHA; and (5) reduce inequities in all populations globally [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>].</p><p id="Par40">The initiative Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) commenced during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>]. It was developed as a guideline [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>] using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>]. MASK, the new ARIA initiative, focusses on: (1) the implementation of multi-sectoral care pathways; (2) deploying emerging technologies; (3) with real world data; (4) to provide individualized and predictive medicine; (5) in patients with rhinitis and asthma multi-morbidity; (6) to be used by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves (self-care) using the AIRWAYS ICPs algorithm (Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>); (7) across the life cycle [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>].<fig id="Fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Care pathways for rhinitis (from Bousquet et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>])</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="13601_2017_173_Fig1_HTML" id="MO1"></graphic></fig></p><p id="Par41">An App (Android and iOS) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>] has been developed and is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other healthcare professionals (HCPs) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>]. An elegant and simple common language, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), is used to assess and manage AR [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>]. It is currently being combined with allergen and pollution exposure using various methods including Google Trends [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>]. MASK also includes EQ-5D [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>] and CARAT.</p><p id="Par42">The European Commission is co-funding a large collaborative project named JA-CHRODIS (Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle) in the context of the 2nd EU Health Programme 2008–2013 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>]. JA-CHRODIS has developed a check-list of 28 items for the evaluation of Good Practices (GP) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://chrodis.eu/our-work/04-knowledge-platform/">http://chrodis.eu/our-work/04-knowledge-platform/</ext-link>). According to the JA-CHRODIS “A GP is not only a practice that is good, but a practice that has been proven to work well and produce good results, and is therefore recommended as a model. It is a successful experience, which has been tested and validated, in the broad sense, which has been repeated and deserves to be shared so that a greater number of people can adopt it.” (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap784e/ap784e.pdf">http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap784e/ap784e.pdf</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://eurohealthnet.eu/sites/eurohealthnet.eu/files/CHRODIS_Promotion%20Material%20WP5-08.pdf">http://eurohealthnet.eu/sites/eurohealthnet.eu/files/CHRODIS_Promotion%20Material%20WP5-08.pdf</ext-link>).</p></sec><sec id="Sec2"><title>Aim of the present paper</title><p id="Par43">MASK is one of the GPs of SUNFRAIL (Reference Sites Network for Prevention and Care of Frailty and Chronic Conditions in community dwelling persons of EU Countries, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sunfrail.eu">www.sunfrail.eu</ext-link>), an EU project which evaluates GPs on chronic diseases. The aim of the present paper is to report the results of evaluation performed by using the JA-CHRODIS check-list on MASK. The paper has been devised and written by an expert group including MASK and SUNFRAIL experts.</p></sec><sec id="Sec3"><title>CHRODIS check list</title><p id="Par44"><list list-type="order"><list-item><p id="Par45">Equity<list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><p id="Par46">Design</p></list-item></list></p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Taba"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 1: In design, relevant dimensions of equity are adequately taken into consideration and are targeted (i.e. gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, rural–urban area, vulnerable groups)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par47">People with low socioeconomic status bear a disproportionate burden of allergic diseases. The MASK Action Plan was devised by a group of 450 members. Activities are proposed in a logical framework ranging from existing tools to novel information communication technology (ICT) tools and innovative health systems in order to provide an integrated solution for AR and asthma multi-morbidity across the life cycle. The model of MASK can then be adapted for the health promotion of AHA and management of CRDs across the lifecycle [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>]. All dimensions of equity are considered in MASK:<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p id="Par48">AR and asthma are life-long diseases often starting early in life. Regional organisations engaged in the EIP on AHA and holding Reference Site status as a result of the 2016 call obtained a grant to facilitate the transfer of innovative practices (Twinning) for implementation in other regions (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scale-aha.eu/news.html">http://www.scale-aha.eu/news.html</ext-link>). MASK is involved in a Twinning of 24 Reference Sites to better understand and manage AR and asthma in old age adults [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>].</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par49">There are gender differences across the lifecycle.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par50">There are urban and rural differences (users of the App are geolocalized).</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par51">Different socio-economic statuses are assessed in the Twinning.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par52">The action plan envisions the use of ICT as enablers to address the inequality of allergic diseases on persons with low socioeconomic status by making the tool freely available to all.</p></list-item></list>Moreover, MASK proposes a common framework of integrated care pathways (ICPs) to facilitate comparability and trans-national initiatives targeted to all populations according to culture, health systems and income [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR27">27</xref>].<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>(b)</label><p id="Par53">Implementation</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabb"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 2: In implementation, specific actions are taken to address the equity dimensions</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par54">AIRWAYS ICPs has developed a strategy for low-resource settings based on existing WHO initiatives such as the WHO Package of Essential Non-communicable disease (PEN [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>]) or validated primary management strategies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR29">29</xref>]. The first ARIA workshop report (1999) already had a specific goal to reach patients in LMICs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>]. The expertise of GARD for the deployment of GPs in LMICs is used to address the equity dimensions of MASK. Gender is also considered in ARIA.<list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><p id="Par55">Practice</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par56">Comprehensiveness of the intervention</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabc"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 3: The intervention has a comprehensive approach to health promotion addressing all relevant determinants (e.g. social determinants) and using different strategies (e.g. setting approach)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par57">Health promotion is an essential component of GARD and MASK. It is extremely important in AR, particularly for the avoidance of allergen, indoor and outdoor air pollution. Google Trends results will be included next year to inform users of the pollen season. A research project using the App has been initiated to determine the impact of air pollution in AR (POLLAR). Patient empowerment is an essential component of MASK and follows the conclusions of the EU Council of the Polish Presidency [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR30">30</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]. Social determinants are considered in the Twinning [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>].</p><p id="Par58">WHO defines a setting as “the place or social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental, organizational, and personal factors interact to affect health and wellbeing” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>]. The goal of the settings approach is to create supportive environments for optimal health [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR33">33</xref>]. The model’s key principles include flexibility, community participation, partnership, empowerment and equity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>]. One aspect of the current settings approaches of MASK is to improve work and school productivity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>]. Schools have long been used as a setting to provide health services and, in the future, improvement of school performance and exams may be achievable.<table-wrap id="Tabd"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 4: An effective partnership is in place (e.g. multidisciplinary, inter-sector, multi-/and alliances)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par59">MASK activities are being implemented by a group of 450 members in 70 countries. All stakeholders needed for the implementation of an action plan at the national and local levels actively participate. ARIA has a specific module for pharmacists [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR35">35</xref>]. Members also include those of previous initiatives such as ARIA [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR36">36</xref>] and GARD [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR37">37</xref>]. The majority of members have been working together since 1999. The GA<sup>2</sup>LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network, FP6) network of excellence centres of allergy and asthma [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR38">38</xref>], EUFOREA (European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR39">39</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR40">40</xref>] and members of EIP on AHA commitments for action are also involved. Scientific societies participate in the project as well.<table-wrap id="Tabe"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 5: The intervention is aligned with a policy plan at local, national, institutional and international levels</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par60">The intervention is linked with WHO (GARD research demonstration project), the EU (DG Research [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR41">41</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR43">43</xref>], DG CONNECT and DG Santé [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR44">44</xref>]), National Plans (e.g. Finnish Allergy Plan) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR45">45</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR46">46</xref>] and EIP on AHA Reference Sites. ARIA is used by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Australian Medical Agency for the labelling of AR interventions.<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>(b)</label><p id="Par61">Description of the practice</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabf"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 6: The design is appropriate and built upon relevant data, theory, context, evidence and previous practice including pilot studies</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par62">The practice implements (1) multi-sectoral care pathways (2) using emerging technologies (3) with real world data (4) for individualized and predictive medicine (5) in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity, (6) by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves (self-care) using the AIRWAYS ICPs algorithm (7) across the life cycle [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>].</p><p id="Par63">The practice is built on the 19-year scientific basis and experience of stakeholders of the ARIA Working Group [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR36">36</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR37">37</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR48">48</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR53">53</xref>]. Guidelines supporting MASK are based on the GRADE approach and have been developed at McMaster University [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR54">54</xref>].</p><p id="Par64">MASK was initiated by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Asthma and Rhinitis in 2011 and the pilot phase has been completed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR36">36</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR55">55</xref>]. MASK proposes to study the symptoms (rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma) and work productivity of patients suffering from allergic symptoms, in particular during the pollen season. Geolocalized users assess their daily symptom control using the touchscreen functionality on their smart phone to click on 5 consecutive VAS measures (VAS-global, VAS-nasal, VAS-ocular, VAS-asthma and VAS-work) and type(s) of treatment used.</p><p id="Par65">A clinical decision support system has been finalized based on an ARIA consensus report [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>] and digitalized on tablets for HCPs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>]. A care pathway from the patient to the health care professional has been built. It is currently being combined with Google Trends to assess pollen seasons [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>], pollen levels and pollution data.</p><p id="Par66">The application is freely available in 17 languages from the Apple App store (iOS) and Google Play Store (Android) in 22 countries (translated and back-translated, culturally adapted and legally compliant). Due to the simplicity of the tool, it can be used in developed and many developing countries (if a smart phone is available).</p><p id="Par67">A pilot study in 5000 users across 20 countries has been analysed. A simple questionnaire administered by cell phones has enabled the identification of phenotypic differences between a priori defined rhinitis groups. The results of the study suggested novel concepts and research questions in AR that cannot be identified using classical methods [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR56">56</xref>]. A cross-sectional study evaluated the impact of uncontrolled rhinitis assessed by VAS on work productivity using cell phone data collection. It also compared the impact of asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis on work [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>]. In users with uncontrolled rhinitis, approximately 90% had some work impairment and over 50% had severe work impairment. This pilot study provided not only proof-of-concept for data on the work impairment collected with the app but also data on the app itself, especially the distribution of responses for the VAS. This supports the interpretation that persons with rhinitis report both the presence and the absence of symptoms (submitted). The results of the treatments reported by users may represent a breakthrough in the management of CRDs (in preparation).</p><p id="Par68"><italic>Aiding risk stratification in chronic disease patients with a common strategy</italic>, AIRWAYS ICPs has developed a simple stratification algorithm for asthma control and severity (following a 2009 WHO meeting) which can be extended to all chronic diseases unifying the classification of the diseases for clinical, research and public health use [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR49">49</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR57">57</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR58">58</xref>].<table-wrap id="Tabg"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 7: The design describes the practice in terms of purpose, SMART objectives, methods (e.g. recruitment, location of intervention, concrete activities), and timeframe (sequence, frequency and duration)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par69">The MASK approach is following SMART objectives:<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p id="Par70"><italic>Specific</italic>—Target a specific area for improvement (AR and multi-morbid asthma, addressing symptoms, medication and quality of life).</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par71"><italic>Measurable</italic>—Quantify an indicator of progress (EQ-5D, VAS measures, work productivity).</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par72"><italic>Agreed upon</italic>—Healthcare professionals, policy makers and patients.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par73"><italic>Realistic</italic>—Objectives are achievable. Results are already obtained for the pilot study, given available resources. There are over 11,000 users.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par74"><italic>Time</italic>-<italic>related</italic>—Results are available and a plan with objectives fixed for 2017 and 2018 is in place.</p></list-item></list></p><p id="Par75">The methods are clearly stated and published [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>].<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p id="Par76">Recruitment: The <italic>Allergy Diary</italic> was used by people who downloaded it from the Apple App store, Google Play store, and other Internet sources. A few users were clinic patients that were asked by their physicians to access the app. Due to anonymization (i.e. no name or address) of data, no personal identifiers were gathered. None of the users were enrolled in a clinical study as we aimed to have a real life assessment. There was no specific advertisement or other recruitment campaign.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par77">The <italic>Allergy Diary</italic> collects information on allergic symptoms.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>3.</label><p id="Par78">Ethical considerations</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabh"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 8: The intervention is implemented equitably, i.e. proportional to needs</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par79">The potential for inequities arising from the use of MASK has been considered. MASK might raise legal and ethical questions in employment (work productivity) or access to private insurance. However, users are anonymized. The freely-available App increases accessibility for vulnerable groups, although concerns on the digital divide should be addressed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR59">59</xref>]. The application requires a smart phone, which limits its universal access at the moment. Notwithstanding, the authors consider that the information obtained from the current smart phone users will benefit future users, in a progressively higher number.<table-wrap id="Tabi"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 9: Potential burdens, including harm, of the intervention for the target population are addressed</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par80">ICT can improve health outcomes, quality of life and efficiency of health care processes but may also contain disruptive consequences. Moreover, the implementation of ‘e-health applications’ is rather complicated. E-health applications do not (often) provide direct benefit that can be easily measured [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR60">60</xref>]. Incentivising further technological development without putting enough emphasis on and properly supporting, even financially, its adoption is likely to widen the serious ‘technology consumption gap’ that we all witness [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR61">61</xref>]. Nevertheless, mobile phones are widely used among populations with poor access to health care and limited education. They provide the opportunity to disseminate relevant information and empower individuals for guided self management of diseases. MASK is currently investigating these aspects.<table-wrap id="Tabj"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 10: The intervention’s objectives and strategy are transparent to the target population and stakeholders involved</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par81">The Terms of Use [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR56">56</xref>] have been translated into all relevant languages and customized according to the legislation of each country in order to allow the use of the results for research purposes.</p><p id="Par82">The data were anonymized except for geolocalized data to the area-level [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR56">56</xref>]. The European Commission’s Article 29 Working Party states that geolocation information is personal data (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/just/item-detail.cfm%3fitem_id%3d50083">http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/just/item-detail.cfm?item_id=50083</ext-link>) and that information can be collected, shared, or stored only with the express consent of the individual. This is the case for MASK because users agree to geolocation in the terms of use of the App. Moreover, geolocation is optional and each user can allow it or not on his/her cell phone. Geolocation, if active, can be disallowed at any time. Finally, geolocation is not used in the data mining process and the phone IP is not retained.</p><p id="Par83">Formal Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was not required for the first two studies. An IRB approval has been requested for the Twinning. Although registered as CE1, the App is considered as a non-medical device by the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, UK Government, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency">www.gov.uk/government/organisations/medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency</ext-link>) and by the Ethics Committee of Cologne University.<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>4.</label><p id="Par84">Evaluation</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabk"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 11: There is a defined and appropriate evaluation framework assessing structure, process and outcomes. The use of validated tools and/or the results of evaluation are linked to actions to reshape the implementation accordingly and/or the intervention is assessed for efficiency (cost vs. outcome)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par85">MASK data are available using a real-time database and results are regularly published. Some 2016 data are already in press [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR56">56</xref>].</p><p id="Par86">The results of 2016 have induced a change in some of the questions of the App and in the re-analysis of data using a novel approach, which suits observational studies better. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), each subject is randomly assigned to a treated or control group, whereas observational studies examine the possible effect of a treatment on subjects where the investigator has no control over the experiment and cannot randomize the allocation of subjects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR62">62</xref>]. This can create bias, may mask cause and effect relationships or, alternatively, suggest incorrect correlations. However, observational studies reflect “real world” use and practice more closely than RCTs in terms of the heterogeneous patient populations included and the variety of medical interventions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR63">63</xref>]. They can provide clinically-relevant information, not necessarily provided by RCTs. Given the limitations of an observational study approach, it is important to optimize their study design to maximize their validity. In particular, known causes of bias and confounding should be measured [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR63">63</xref>].</p><p id="Par87">The Twinning questionnaire in the 24 Reference Sites has been updated based on 2016 data [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>].</p><p id="Par88">One of the major goals of MASK is to improve loss of work productivity due to AR. Costs range from 30 to 60 B€ a year in Europe [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR64">64</xref>]. The pilot study allowed us to show that MASK can accurately assess work productivity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>]. In the Twinning, work productivity will be assessed in several settings including the Northern Ireland NHS, North of England and Valencienne, France hospitals.</p><p id="Par89">EQ-5D is one of the MASK tools and will make it possible to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions. However, a sufficient amount of data is needed and results are expected in 2018.<table-wrap id="Tabl"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 12: Evaluation results achieve the stated goals and objectives</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par90">The results of ARIA are clear, but the results of MASK can only be assessed and its impact understood when a sufficient number of users will have been monitored. Interim data from pilot studies are encouraging [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR56">56</xref>]. They show in 11,300 users (June 17) that the phenotype of AR can be assessed and some features such as work productivity can be appraised.<table-wrap id="Tabm"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 13: Evaluation Information/monitoring systems are in place to regularly deliver data aligned with evaluation and reporting needs</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par91">A real-time database is available and the statistical analysis of the data is in place, allowing for a few preliminary reports to be published or in preparation already.<table-wrap id="Tabn"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 14: The intervention is assessed for outcomes, intended or unintended</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par92">Outcomes measured by MASK include not only multiple symptoms but also EQ-5D and work productivity assessment.<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>5.</label><p id="Par93">Empowerment and participation</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabo"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 15: The intervention develops strengths, resources and autonomy in the target population(s) (e.g. assets-based, salotogenic approach)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par94">MASK focusses on factors that support human health and well-being, rather than on factors that cause disease. This “salotogenic approach” is concerned with the relationship between health, stress, and coping [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR65">65</xref>]. AR is particularly suited for the model since AR is not a lethal disease, does not lead to ED visits or hospitalizations but has a major impact on quality-of-life [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR66">66</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR67">67</xref>], school and work [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR68">68</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR78">78</xref>]. The evolutionary nature of the development of the app allows for continual assessment of both recording and intervention. This offers the potential for the technological intervention, always blended with clinician input, to induce behavioural change in patients to improve their outcomes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR79">79</xref>]. Furthermore, MASK may provide a model for evaluating feasibility and effectiveness of using mobile technology for empowering individuals for diagnosis, early recognition of worsening of their diseases and guided self management of chronic diseases.<table-wrap id="Tabp"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 16: The intervention achieves meaningful participation among the intended target population</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par95">In order to assess the participation of the target population, a qualitative study has been carried out in users in France (MADoPA, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.madopa.fr/">http://www.madopa.fr/</ext-link>). The results of the study are under evaluation and we plan to extend the study to the European population to better understand the participation of the target population. The preliminary data of the study indicated that users were willing to show their data to their physician. A new functionality has therefore been added (March 1, 2017) allowing patients to print their data. There is no direct link from the patient’s cell phone to the physician’s computer (to comply with regulations).<table-wrap id="Tabq"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 17: The intervention is designed and implemented in consultation with the target population</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par96">Quality of life—normal life despite the disease, cure and prevention—represents the patient’s goal in AR and asthma [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]. Patient perspective, represented by patients’ organizations, arises from the collective experience of patients (as well as their parents and partners) living with allergy. The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.efanet">http://www.efanet</ext-link>) is an alliance of 41 allergy, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients’ organizations in 25 countries. Patient perspective has been incorporated at all levels of ARIA, GARD and MASK, from the early steps.</p><p id="Par97">The goal and rationale of patient involvement in medical decisions is patient empowerment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]. Empowered patients know their disease, have the skills and motivation to take good care in their everyday life, adjust treatment, are prepared in new or potentially exacerbating situations, detect side-effects, contact a healthcare professional when needed and adhere to treatment regime. Many tools support empowerment, shared decision making models and patient education. Another key aspect of patient involvement in medical decisions is the involvement of patient representatives in the healthcare policy and organization in practice. The members of EFA have developed tools to help in involvement in medical decisions and empowerment. These tools were acknowledged while developing MASK.<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>6.</label><p id="Par98">Target population</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabr"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 18: Target populations are defined on the basis of needs assessment including strengths and other characteristics</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par99">Patients, clinicians and other HCPs are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice and patients are often unsatisfied by their treatment. Severe Chronic Upper Airway Disease (SCUAD) defines uncontrolled AR patients despite optimal pharmacotherapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR80">80</xref>] and accounts for 10–20% of patients receiving treatment for AR [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR81">81</xref>]. A large number of AR patients appear to be self-managing their condition with few interactions with their doctor regarding their allergy prescription [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR82">82</xref>]. Many AR patients use over-the-counter (OTC) drugs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR35">35</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR83">83</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR84">84</xref>] and only a fraction have had a medical consultation. The vast majority of patients who visit GPs or specialists have moderate/severe rhinitis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR85">85</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>]. A large number of OTC or prescribed drugs are available for the patient who can also choose alternative medicine or allergen-specific immunotherapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR88">88</xref>]. The app will also be useful in the early identification of those who are unaware of being affected by allergic rhinitis, and of the fact that symptoms can be controlled. The MASK ICPs consider a multi-disciplinary approach including self-management as proposed by AIRWAYS ICPs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>]. In the <italic>Allergy Diary</italic>, both OTC and prescribed medications are listed and the list has been customized for each country.<table-wrap id="Tabs"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 19: The engagement of intermediaries/multipliers is used to promote the meaningful participation of the target population</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par100">A transfer innovation is ongoing from the App developed by the MACVIA-France EIP on AHA reference site (<italic>Allergy Diary</italic>) to 25 Reference Sites or regions across Europe. Validated ICT tools (<italic>Allergy Diary</italic> and CARAT: Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test) are being used [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>].<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>7.</label><p id="Par101">Sustainability</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabt"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 20: The continuation of the intervention is ensured through institutional ownership that guarantees funding and human resources</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par102">MASK belongs to the Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA LR of the French Ministry of Education and Research (<italic>Fondation des maladies chroniques et du vieillissement actif</italic>—<italic>Languedoc</italic>-<italic>Roussillon</italic>, <italic>NOR: MENS1500573A, arrêté du 9</italic>-<italic>9</italic>-<italic>2015, MENESR</italic>—<italic>DGESIP B1</italic>-<italic>3</italic>). The four partners of the Foundation are the University of Montpellier, the Région Occitanie, and the University hospitals of Montpellier and Nîmes. There is a guarantee for the funding and human resources needed to accomplish the project.</p><p id="Par103">However it should be noted that sustained engagement by individual patients is not necessarily a measure of success. For example, patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis may choose to inform MASK only at specific times of the year.<table-wrap id="Tabu"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 21: There is broad support for the intervention amongst those who implement it</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par104">There are 450 stakeholders in the MASK working groups, from over 70 countries and all continents. They represent all groups from patients to policy makers, practicing health care professionals and key opinion leaders.<table-wrap id="Tabv"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 22: There is broad support for the intervention amongst the intended target populations</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par105">This has not yet been evaluated. It is planned for 2017 by the Twinning [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>].<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>8.</label><p id="Par106">Governance</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabw"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 23: The intervention includes an adequate estimation of the human resources, material and budget requirements in clear relation with committed tasks</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par107">See above (Box 20). Initial seed funding has been donated from private partners (Unrestricted educational grant) as well as from EU Structural and Development Funds. The private sector donors did not participate in any decision on the project. Funding for 2018 is secured. A business plan has been set up by the SME (small and medium enterprise) Kyomed (Montpellier) and by EUFOREA (Belgian ASBL).<table-wrap id="Tabx"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 24: Sources of funding are specified in regards to stability and commitment</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par108">See Box 23.<table-wrap id="Taby"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 25: Organisational structures are clearly defined and described (i.e. responsibility assignments, flows of communication and work as well as accountabilities)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par109">These were the first steps of the MASK project. The <italic>Fondation Partenariale “Fondation des maladies chroniques et du vieillissement actif</italic>—<italic>Languedoc</italic>-<italic>Roussillon</italic>” was established to coordinate the actions of the MACVIA-France Reference Site [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR89">89</xref>] and to lead the MASK project (see Box 20).<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>9.</label><p id="Par110">Scalability</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tabz"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 26: Potential impact on the population targeted (if scaled up) is assessed</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par111">MASK focuses on factors that support human health and well-being, as well as on factors that cause disease (“salutogenic approach” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR65">65</xref>]). An important outcome of MASK is work productivity. The same applies for school learning as AR has a detrimental effect on learning and on the results of exams [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR90">90</xref>]. Quality-of-life is tested using EQ-5D.</p><p id="Par112">One major problem of all allergic diseases is compliance with treatment. If appropriately theorized and developed, ICT solutions are expected to improve compliance possibly by inducing behavioural change, and therefore the control of AR and asthma [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR91">91</xref>]. However, this component has not yet been tested in MASK.<table-wrap id="Tabaa"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 27: There is a specific knowledge transfer strategy in place (evidence into practice)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par113">The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR51">51</xref>]. The overarching goals of the MASK approach are to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.</p><p id="Par114"><italic>Scaling</italic>-<italic>up strategies in Europe and beyond</italic> The scaling up strategy has been clearly defined and approved by AIRWAYS ICPs members. It follows the EIP-AHA recommendations on a 5-step framework: [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>] what to scale up: (1–1) databases of Good Practices, (1–2) assessment of viability of the scaling up of Good Practices, (1–3) classification of Good Practices for local replication; and [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>] how to scale up: (2–1) facilitating partnerships for scaling up, (2–2) implementation of key success factors and lessons learnt, including emerging technologies for individualised and predictive medicine. Scaling-up will take place within and beyond Europe with GARD [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR30">30</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR45">45</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR92">92</xref>].</p><p id="Par115">MASK is implemented in 22 countries (17 languages). We aim to include five more countries in 2017.</p><p id="Par116"><italic>Strengthening the WHO NCD Action Plan</italic> AIRWAYS ICPs is a GARD demonstration project (WH0). It is in line with the WHO NCD Action Plan since it aims to reduce the preventable and avoidable burden of morbidity, mortality and disability by means of multi-sectoral collaboration and cooperation at national, regional and global levels.<table-wrap id="Tabab"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Box 28: An analysis of requirements for eventual scaling up such as foreseen barriers and facilitators (e.g. resources, organisational commitment, etc.) is available</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p id="Par117">We use the expertise of WHO GARD to overcome generic barriers that may impact scaling up. Moreover, in each country, a MASK working group is in place to overcome local barriers.<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>10.</label><p id="Par118">Assessment of the criteria using SurveyMonkey</p></list-item></list></p><p id="Par119">A SurveyMonkey questionnaire is the easiest way to create surveys and to obtain answers. It allows a survey to be prepared quickly and targeted answers to be obtained from the audience requested. We conducted a SurveyMonkey (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.surveymonkey.com">www.surveymonkey.com</ext-link>) of expert clinical opinion on the 28 items to assess the robustness of the answers to the boxes. The SurveyMonkey was sent to 34 experts from different fields. For each item, respondents indicated their level of agreement on a VAS ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree). 18 experts from 12 countries responded (53%). It was decided pre-hoc to stop the survey when a 50% response was achieved. Respondents included allergists, general practitioners, pharmacologists, respiratory physicians or Public Health professionals. Two of the experts did not disclose their affiliation. Five SUNFRAIL experts were included in the survey. We categorized a priori the level of response (in line with the checklist ≥ 80, partly in line with the checklist: 50–79 and not in line with the checklist < 50).</p><p id="Par120">The results are presented in Fig. <xref rid="Fig2" ref-type="fig">2</xref>. Most experts agreed that most items were in line with the CHRODIS checklist. However, one ear, nose and throat (ENT) expert from Belgium and one Allergy-Public health expert from the UK found that many items were not partly or not in line with the checklist. Overall, from 75 to 94% of items were found to be in line with the CHRODIS checklist.<fig id="Fig2"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Results of the SurveyMonkey</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="13601_2017_173_Fig2_HTML" id="MO2"></graphic></fig></p><p id="Par121">Comments are provided for a percentage of agreement < 75%.</p><sec id="FPar1"><title>Box 2</title><p id="Par122">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey. There will be a revision of the product at the end of 2017 taking the comments into consideration.</p></sec><sec id="FPar2"><title>Box 8</title><p id="Par123">Since the SurveyMonkey, ethical committee has been granted (Kohln-Bohn Region) and the MHRA and the ethics committee have indicated that the App is not a medical device.</p></sec><sec id="FPar3"><title>Box 12</title><p id="Par124">More data have been evaluated and there is a strong consistency of results.</p></sec><sec id="FPar4"><title>Box 13</title><p id="Par125">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey. There will be a revision of the product at the end of 2017 taking the comments into consideration.</p></sec><sec id="FPar5"><title>Box 17</title><p id="Par126">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey. There will be a revision of the product at the end of 2017 taking the comments into consideration.</p></sec><sec id="FPar6"><title>Box 18</title><p id="Par127">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey. There will be a revision of the product at the end of 2017 taking the comments into consideration.</p></sec><sec id="FPar7"><title>Box 19</title><p id="Par128">The transfer of innovation is increasing. It is already implemented in Australia, Brazil, Mexico, and is in process in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Novel approaches including air pollution and allergen exposure are being considered and should be available by the end of 2018.</p></sec><sec id="FPar8"><title>Box 20</title><p id="Par129">New private funding has been secured. Moreover, the continuation of the intervention is ensured through institutional ownership.</p></sec><sec id="FPar9"><title>Box 22</title><p id="Par130">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey. There will be a revision of the product at the end of 2017 taking the comments into consideration.</p></sec><sec id="FPar10"><title>Box 23</title><p id="Par131">See Box 20.</p></sec><sec id="FPar11"><title>Box 24</title><p id="Par132">See Box 20.</p></sec><sec id="FPar12"><title>Box 25</title><p id="Par133">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey.</p></sec><sec id="FPar13"><title>Box 27</title><p id="Par134">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey.</p></sec><sec id="FPar14"><title>Box 28</title><p id="Par135">At this stage there is no change in MASK incurred by the SurveyMonkey. There will be a revision of the product at the end of 2017 taking the comments into consideration.</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec4" sec-type="conclusion"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="Par136">MASK assessment using The European Union Joint Action JA-CHRODIS (Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle) checklist of 28 items for the evaluation of Good Practices by a panel of experts from several countries indicates that it is in line with the CHRODIS recommendations.</p></sec></body><back><app-group><app id="App1"><sec id="Sec5"><title>Appendix 1: Terms of use for the UK</title><p id="Par144">By installing and using this app, you agree to the applicability of these Terms of Use (and to the privacy policy below). If you do not agree to these Terms of Use, you must not download or use this app, copyright of which is protected.<list list-type="order"><list-item><p id="Par145">This app provides a digital way for you to keep a diary with respect to the symptoms of an allergy. The diary gives you insight into your allergies by enabling you to ‘score’ your allergy-related symptoms and view your results in a graph. An advice text is shown together with the results and you may be advised to see a healthcare provider.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par146">This app is intended for general information purposes and must not be used as a substitute for any kind of professional and/or medical advice.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par147">This “Allergy diary App by MACVIA-ARIA” is based on previous recommendations and the ARIA<sup>®</sup> guidelines (2015) with permission of ARIA<sup>®</sup>. Its diagnostic and therapeutic uses should be carried out in conjunction with patients’ physicians. The ARIA<sup>®</sup> guidelines have been published in the peer-reviewed medical literature and have been reviewed and approved by medical experts worldwide. The use of this application in all countries should be carried out only with the specific therapies that are licensed in that country. MACVIA and ARIA will be held harmless for any inappropriate use of this application. Users of the application should read, understand and follow the approved prescribing information for any medications used in conjunction with the application.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par148">This app is provided to you for your personal use and you must not use it to process the personal information of any other person.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par149">This app, and the information contained in it, is provided to you “as is,” for informational purposes only, with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness or of the results obtained from the use of this information, and without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of performance, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par150">You recognise that the app functionality may be affected by changes in the operating system of your device. It is your responsibility to check for updates in order to determine if you have the most current version of the app, to ensure that it is working properly.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par151">Neither Peercode or MACVIA-ARIA, nor its subsidiaries, affiliates and/or respective employees or management, is liable for any damages, including, and without limitation, direct, indirect, consequential or incidental damages resulting from or in connection with any information, materials, qualifications or recommendations related to this app.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par152">Peercode/MACVIA-ARIA is not liable for any damages resulting from the use (or inability to use) this app, including damages caused by viruses or any incorrectness or incompleteness of the Information. Peercode/MACVIA-ARIA is also not liable for damages resulting from the use of electronic devices for communication with this app, including—but not limited to—damages resulting from failure or delay in delivery of electronic messages, interception or manipulation of electronic messages by third parties or by software/hardware used for electronic communications and transmission of viruses.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par153">If this app directly or indirectly provides links to other information, such as information on websites maintained by third parties over whom Peercode/MACVIA-ARIA has no control, Peercode/MACVIA-ARIA is not liable for the use or content of this information.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par154">Peercode/MACVIA-ARIA reserves the right to change the Allergy Diary App Terms of Use at any time and without notice.</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par155">These Terms of Use shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Netherlands. The competent court in Amsterdam shall settle all disputes arising in connection with these terms.</p></list-item></list></p><p id="Par156"><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p id="Par157"><italic>Contact information</italic></p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par158">Peercode may be contacted via:</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par159">Address: Oudenhof 4, 4191 NW Geldermalsen,</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par160">Country: The Netherlands</p></list-item><list-item><p id="Par161">Phone: +31 (0)88 0084100</p></list-item></list></p></sec><sec id="Sec6"><title>Appendix 2: Cell phone screens</title><p id="Par162"><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="13601_2017_173_Figa_HTML" id="MO3"></graphic><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="13601_2017_173_Figb_HTML" id="MO4"></graphic></p></sec></app></app-group><glossary><title>Abbreviations</title><def-list><def-item><term>AHA</term><def><p id="Par2">active and healthy ageing</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>AIRWAYS ICPs</term><def><p id="Par3">integrated care pathways for airway diseases</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>AR</term><def><p id="Par4">allergic rhinitis</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>ARIA</term><def><p id="Par5">allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>CARAT</term><def><p id="Par6">control of allergic rhinitis and asthma test</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>COPD</term><def><p id="Par7">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>CRD</term><def><p id="Par8">chronic respiratory diseases</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>DG</term><def><p id="Par9">directorate general</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>DG CONNECT</term><def><p id="Par10">Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content & Technology</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>DG Santé</term><def><p id="Par11">Directorate General for Health and Food Safety</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>EFA</term><def><p id="Par12">European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>EIP on AHA</term><def><p id="Par13">European Innovation Partnership on AHA</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>EMA</term><def><p id="Par14">European Medicines Agency</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>ENT</term><def><p id="Par15">ear, nose and throat</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>EQ-5D</term><def><p id="Par16">Euroquol</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>GARD</term><def><p id="Par17">WHO global alliance against chronic respiratory diseases</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>GP</term><def><p id="Par18">Good Practice</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>GRADE</term><def><p id="Par19">grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>HCP</term><def><p id="Par20">health care professional</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>ICP</term><def><p id="Par21">integrated care pathway</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>ICT</term><def><p id="Par22">information and communication technology</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>IRB</term><def><p id="Par23">Institutional Review Board</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>JA-CHRODIS</term><def><p id="Par24">joint action on chronic diseases and promoting healthy ageing across the life cycle</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>LMICs</term><def><p id="Par25">low- and middle-income countries</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>MACVIA-LR</term><def><p id="Par26">contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif (Fighting chronic diseases for AHA)</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>MASK</term><def><p id="Par27">MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>MeDALL</term><def><p id="Par28">Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy (FP7)</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>MHRA</term><def><p id="Par29">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>NCD</term><def><p id="Par30">non-communicable disease</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>OTC</term><def><p id="Par31">over-the-counter</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>PEN</term><def><p id="Par32">package of essential noncommunicable disease</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>RCT</term><def><p id="Par33">randomized controlled trial</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>SCUAD</term><def><p id="Par34">severe chronic upper airway disease</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>SUNFRAIL</term><def><p id="Par35">Reference Sites Network for Prevention and Care of Frailty and Chronic Conditions in community dwelling persons of EU Countries</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>VAS</term><def><p id="Par36">visual analogue scale</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>WHO</term><def><p id="Par37">World Health Organization</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><ack><title>Authors’ contributions</title><p>All the authors are members of the MASK (MACVIA-ARIA) working group and as such participate in all activities of the group. The paper was written by JB, the following authors replied to the SurveyMonkey: CB, MB, LB, JCdS, NHC, AAC, EDMK, PD, JF, PH, SH, JCI, TK, GO, AS, AY. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p><sec id="FPar15"><title>Acknowledgements</title><p id="Par137">None.</p></sec><sec id="FPar16"><title>Competing interests</title><p id="Par138">No COI reported except for: JB, DL-L, AC, JCI, JJ, RM, JM, DP, AY, NGP. JB reports personal fees and other from Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda, Teva, Uriach, other from Kyomed, outside the submitted work. DLL reports personal fees from MSD, Grunenthal, Boehringer-ingelheim, DBV ; grants and personal fees from Astrazeneca, MEDA, GSK, Pfizer, Novartis, Sanofi ; grants from Chiesi, TEVA, UCB ; other from Stallergenes, ALK-Abelló, outside the submitted work; and Chair immunotherapy committee CMICA. Member immunotherapy committee or interest group EAACI, WAO, SLAAI. 2018-2019: Board of Directors CMICA, and Program Chair. AC reports personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Regeneron / Sanofi, personal fees from ALK, personal fees from Bayer, personal fees from ThermoFisher, personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work; JCI reports personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Faes Farma, non-financial support from Laboratorio Casasco, outside the submitted work. JJ reports grants from Novartis, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from ALK, personal fees from Stallergens Green, personal fees from Astra Zeneca, outside the submitted work. RM reports personal fees from ALK, allergopharma, Allergy Therapeutics, Friulchem, Hexal, FAES, GSK, MSD, Johnson&Johnson, Meda, UCB, Nuvo, grants from ASIT biotech, Leti, Optima, Servier, Klosterfrau, Bayer, BitopAG, Hulka, Ursapharm, grants and personal fees from Bencard, Stallergenes, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Lofarma, non-financial support from Roxall, Atmos, Bionorica, Stada, Otonomy, Ferreropersonal fees and non-financial support from Novartis, outside the submitted work. JM reports personal fees from SANOFI-Genzyme-Regeneron, ALK-Abelló A/S, Menarini Group, MSD, Novartis, UCB Pharma, GENENTECH - Roche GlaxoSmithKline grants and personal fees from MEDA Pharma, URIACH Group, outside the submitted work. DP reports other from Aerocrine, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Mylan, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Almirall, GlaxoSmithKline, Mylan, Mundipharma, Pfizer, and Theravance, grants from Aerocrine, AKL Research and Development Ltd, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, British Lung Foundation, Chiesi, Mylan, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis, Pfizer, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Theravance, UK National Health Service, Zentiva, other from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Kyorin, Mylan, Merck, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Skyepharma, and Teva Pharmaceuticals, other from Mundipharma and Teva Pharmaceuticals, other from Aerocrine, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis, and Teva Pharmaceuticals, other from Chiesi, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceuticals, and Zentiva, other from Mundipharma and Novartis, non-financial support from Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, and Health Technology Assessment, outside the submitted work; and stock/stock options from AKL Research and Development Ltd which produces phytopharmaceuticals; and owns 74% of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care Ltd (Australia, Singapore, and UK) and 74% of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd (Singapore). NP reports payment for lectures from Abbvie, Novartis, Meda, MSD, Meda, Omega Pharma, Danone, Consultancy for Menarini, Novartis, Meda, Board membership to Biomay, Hal, Novartis, Faes Nutricia Research.</p></sec><sec id="FPar17"><title>Availability of data and materials</title><p id="Par139">Not applicable.</p></sec><sec id="FPar18"><title>Consent for publication</title><p id="Par140">Not applicable.</p></sec><sec id="FPar19"><title>Ethics approval and consent to participate</title><p id="Par141">Not applicable.</p></sec><sec id="FPar20"><title>Funding</title><p id="Par142">MACVIA-France.</p></sec><sec id="FPar21"><title>Publisher’s Note</title><p id="Par143">Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></sec></ack><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group 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