Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Identifieur interne : 000D33 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000D32; suivant : 000D34Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Auteurs : Stephanie Burniston ; Anna L. Okello ; Boualam Khamlome ; Phouth Inthavong ; Jeffrey Gilbert ; Stuart D. Blacksell ; John Allen ; Susan C. WelburnSource :
- Infectious Diseases of Poverty [ 2049-9957 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Pig rearing is an important income source in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems. Despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses, information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking. This review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia: brucellosis, Q fever (
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2049-9957-4-11) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/2049-9957-4-11
PubMed: 25973203
PubMed Central: 4430026
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4430026Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic</title><author><name sortKey="Burniston, Stephanie" sort="Burniston, Stephanie" uniqKey="Burniston S" first="Stephanie" last="Burniston">Stephanie Burniston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary, Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okello, Anna L" sort="Okello, Anna L" uniqKey="Okello A" first="Anna L" last="Okello">Anna L. Okello</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary, Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Regional Programme, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219 Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khamlome, Boualam" sort="Khamlome, Boualam" uniqKey="Khamlome B" first="Boualam" last="Khamlome">Boualam Khamlome</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department for Communicable Disease Control (DCDC), Ministry of Health, Thadeua Road, Vientiane, Lao PDR</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inthavong, Phouth" sort="Inthavong, Phouth" uniqKey="Inthavong P" first="Phouth" last="Inthavong">Phouth Inthavong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ban Sithan Nua, Luang Prabang Road, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane, 7042 Lao PDR</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Jeffrey" sort="Gilbert, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Gilbert J" first="Jeffrey" last="Gilbert">Jeffrey Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Asia Programme, Kabete, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, 30709-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blacksell, Stuart D" sort="Blacksell, Stuart D" uniqKey="Blacksell S" first="Stuart D" last="Blacksell">Stuart D. Blacksell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithee Road, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, John" sort="Allen, John" uniqKey="Allen J" first="John" last="Allen">John Allen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Regional Programme, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219 Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welburn, Susan C" sort="Welburn, Susan C" uniqKey="Welburn S" first="Susan C" last="Welburn">Susan C. Welburn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary, Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25973203</idno><idno type="pmc">4430026</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4430026</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4430026</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/2049-9957-4-11</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D33</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000D33</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic</title><author><name sortKey="Burniston, Stephanie" sort="Burniston, Stephanie" uniqKey="Burniston S" first="Stephanie" last="Burniston">Stephanie Burniston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary, Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okello, Anna L" sort="Okello, Anna L" uniqKey="Okello A" first="Anna L" last="Okello">Anna L. Okello</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary, Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Regional Programme, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219 Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khamlome, Boualam" sort="Khamlome, Boualam" uniqKey="Khamlome B" first="Boualam" last="Khamlome">Boualam Khamlome</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department for Communicable Disease Control (DCDC), Ministry of Health, Thadeua Road, Vientiane, Lao PDR</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inthavong, Phouth" sort="Inthavong, Phouth" uniqKey="Inthavong P" first="Phouth" last="Inthavong">Phouth Inthavong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ban Sithan Nua, Luang Prabang Road, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane, 7042 Lao PDR</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Jeffrey" sort="Gilbert, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Gilbert J" first="Jeffrey" last="Gilbert">Jeffrey Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Asia Programme, Kabete, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, 30709-00100 Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blacksell, Stuart D" sort="Blacksell, Stuart D" uniqKey="Blacksell S" first="Stuart D" last="Blacksell">Stuart D. Blacksell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithee Road, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, John" sort="Allen, John" uniqKey="Allen J" first="John" last="Allen">John Allen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Regional Programme, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219 Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welburn, Susan C" sort="Welburn, Susan C" uniqKey="Welburn S" first="Susan C" last="Welburn">Susan C. Welburn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary, Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Infectious Diseases of Poverty</title><idno type="eISSN">2049-9957</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Pig rearing is an important income source in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems. Despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses, information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking. This review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia: brucellosis, Q fever (<italic>Coxiella burnetii</italic>), trichinellosis, hepatitis E virus, leptospirosis, Japanese encephalitis, <italic>Streptococcus suis</italic> and <italic>Taenia solium</italic> taeniasis-cysticercosis. It summarises current knowledge on these diseases grouped according to their clinical manifestations in humans to highlight the propensity for underreporting. A literature search was conducted across multiple databases for publications from 1990 to the present day related to the eight pig-associated zoonoses and the risk and impact connected with them, with Lao PDR as a case study. Many of these pig-associated zoonoses have similar presentations and are often diagnosed as clinical syndromes. Misdiagnosis and underreporting are, therefore, substantial and emphasise the need for more robust diagnostics and appropriate surveillance systems. While some reports exist in other countries in the region, information is significantly lacking in Lao PDR with existing information coming mainly from the capital, Vientiane. The disease burden imposed by these zoonoses is not only characterised by morbidity and mortality, but directly impacts on livelihoods through income reduction and production losses, and indirectly through treatment costs and lost work opportunities. Other factors crucial to understanding and controlling these diseases are the influence of ethnicity and culture on food-consumption practices, pig rearing and slaughter practices, hygiene and sanitation, health-seeking behaviours and, therefore, risk factors for disease transmission. Published information on the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of people regarding pig zoonoses and their risk factors is also extremely limited in Lao PDR and the broader Southeast Asian region. The need for more transdisciplinary research, using a One Health approach, in order to understand the underlining social determinants of health and their impacts on health-seeking behaviours, disease transmission and, ultimately, disease reporting, cannot be more emphasized.</p><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2049-9957-4-11) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conlan, Jv" uniqKey="Conlan J">JV Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vongxay, K" uniqKey="Vongxay K">K Vongxay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarman, Rg" uniqKey="Jarman R">RG Jarman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Rv" uniqKey="Gibbons R">RV Gibbons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lunt, Ra" uniqKey="Lunt R">RA Lunt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenwick, S" uniqKey="Fenwick S">S Fenwick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huynh, T" uniqKey="Huynh T">T Huynh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aarnink, A" uniqKey="Aarnink A">A Aarnink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drucker, A" uniqKey="Drucker A">A Drucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verstegen, M" uniqKey="Verstegen M">M Verstegen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conlan, J" uniqKey="Conlan J">J Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khounsy, S" uniqKey="Khounsy S">S Khounsy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inthavong, P" uniqKey="Inthavong P">P Inthavong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenwick, S" uniqKey="Fenwick S">S Fenwick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blacksell, S" uniqKey="Blacksell S">S Blacksell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Rca" uniqKey="Thompson R">RCA Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suttinont, C" uniqKey="Suttinont C">C Suttinont</name></author><author><name sortKey="Losuwanaluk, K" uniqKey="Losuwanaluk K">K Losuwanaluk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niwatayakul, K" uniqKey="Niwatayakul K">K Niwatayakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoontrakul, S" uniqKey="Hoontrakul S">S Hoontrakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Intaranongpai, W" uniqKey="Intaranongpai W">W Intaranongpai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silpasakorn, S" uniqKey="Silpasakorn S">S Silpasakorn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Acestor, N" uniqKey="Acestor N">N Acestor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooksey, R" uniqKey="Cooksey R">R Cooksey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newton, Pn" uniqKey="Newton P">PN Newton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menard, D" uniqKey="Menard D">D Ménard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guerin, Pj" uniqKey="Guerin P">PJ Guerin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakagawa, J" uniqKey="Nakagawa J">J Nakagawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, Lj" uniqKey="White L">LJ White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newton, Pn" uniqKey="Newton P">PN Newton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maude, Rj" uniqKey="Maude R">RJ Maude</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pan Ngum, W" uniqKey="Pan Ngum W">W Pan-ngum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fried, Jr" uniqKey="Fried J">JR Fried</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayxay, M" uniqKey="Mayxay M">M Mayxay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mayxay, M" uniqKey="Mayxay M">M Mayxay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castonguay Vanier, J" uniqKey="Castonguay Vanier J">J Castonguay-Vanier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chansamouth, V" uniqKey="Chansamouth V">V Chansamouth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubot Peres, A" uniqKey="Dubot Peres A">A Dubot-Pérès</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paris, Dh" uniqKey="Paris D">DH Paris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phetsouvanh, R" uniqKey="Phetsouvanh R">R Phetsouvanh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dean, As" uniqKey="Dean A">AS Dean</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crump, L" uniqKey="Crump L">L Crump</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greter, H" uniqKey="Greter H">H Greter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hattendorf, J" uniqKey="Hattendorf J">J Hattendorf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schelling, E" uniqKey="Schelling E">E Schelling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zinsstag, J" uniqKey="Zinsstag J">J Zinsstag</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perry, Bd" uniqKey="Perry B">BD Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Randolph, Tf" uniqKey="Randolph T">TF Randolph</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdermott, Jj" uniqKey="Mcdermott J">JJ Mcdermott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sones, Kr" uniqKey="Sones K">KR Sones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thornton, Pk" uniqKey="Thornton P">PK Thornton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zinsstag, J" uniqKey="Zinsstag J">J Zinsstag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schelling, E" uniqKey="Schelling E">E Schelling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roth, F" uniqKey="Roth F">F Roth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonfoh, B" uniqKey="Bonfoh B">B Bonfoh</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Savigny, D" uniqKey="De Savigny D">D de Savigny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanner, M" uniqKey="Tanner M">M Tanner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manosuthi, W" uniqKey="Manosuthi W">W Manosuthi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thummakul, T" uniqKey="Thummakul T">T Thummakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vibhagool, A" uniqKey="Vibhagool A">A Vibhagool</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vorachit, M" uniqKey="Vorachit M">M Vorachit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malathum, K" uniqKey="Malathum K">K Malathum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ekpanyaskul, C" uniqKey="Ekpanyaskul C">C Ekpanyaskul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Santiwattanakul, S" uniqKey="Santiwattanakul S">S Santiwattanakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tantisiriwat, W" uniqKey="Tantisiriwat W">W Tantisiriwat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buppanharun, W" uniqKey="Buppanharun W">W Buppanharun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhong, Z" uniqKey="Zhong Z">Z Zhong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, S" uniqKey="Yu S">S Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, S" uniqKey="Dong S">S Dong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, J" uniqKey="Xu J">J Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dean, As" uniqKey="Dean A">AS Dean</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crump, L" uniqKey="Crump L">L Crump</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greter, H" uniqKey="Greter H">H Greter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schelling, E" uniqKey="Schelling E">E Schelling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zinsstag, J" uniqKey="Zinsstag J">J Zinsstag</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corbel, Mj" uniqKey="Corbel M">MJ Corbel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guerrier, G" uniqKey="Guerrier G">G Guerrier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daronat, Jm" uniqKey="Daronat J">JM Daronat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morisse, L" uniqKey="Morisse L">L Morisse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yvon, Jf" uniqKey="Yvon J">JF Yvon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pappas, G" uniqKey="Pappas G">G Pappas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mukhtar, F" uniqKey="Mukhtar F">F Mukhtar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kokab, F" uniqKey="Kokab F">F Kokab</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smits, Hl" uniqKey="Smits H">HL Smits</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basahi, Ma" uniqKey="Basahi M">MA Basahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz, R" uniqKey="Diaz R">R Diaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marrodan, T" uniqKey="Marrodan T">T Marrodan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Douglas, Jt" uniqKey="Douglas J">JT Douglas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rocha, A" uniqKey="Rocha A">A Rocha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pappas, G" uniqKey="Pappas G">G Pappas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akritidis, N" uniqKey="Akritidis N">N Akritidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bosilkovski, M" uniqKey="Bosilkovski M">M Bosilkovski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsianos, E" uniqKey="Tsianos E">E Tsianos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopes, Lb" uniqKey="Lopes L">LB Lopes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolino, R" uniqKey="Nicolino R">R Nicolino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddad, Jpa" uniqKey="Haddad J">JPA Haddad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carcopino, X" uniqKey="Carcopino X">X Carcopino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, D" uniqKey="Raoult D">D Raoult</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bretelle, F" uniqKey="Bretelle F">F Bretelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boubli, L" uniqKey="Boubli L">L Boubli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, A" uniqKey="Stein A">A Stein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Den Brom, R" uniqKey="Van Den Brom R">R Van den Brom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schimmer, B" uniqKey="Schimmer B">B Schimmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneeberger, Pm" uniqKey="Schneeberger P">PM Schneeberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swart, W" uniqKey="Swart W">W Swart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Hoek, W" uniqKey="Van Der Hoek W">W van der Hoek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vellema, P" uniqKey="Vellema P">P Vellema</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schimmer, B" uniqKey="Schimmer B">B Schimmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schotten, N" uniqKey="Schotten N">N Schotten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Engelen, E" uniqKey="Van Engelen E">E van Engelen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hautvast, Jl" uniqKey="Hautvast J">JL Hautvast</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneeberger, Pm" uniqKey="Schneeberger P">PM Schneeberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijnhoven, Ythp" uniqKey="Van Duijnhoven Y">YTHP van Duijnhoven</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Whitney Ea, S" uniqKey="Whitney Ea S">S Whitney Ea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massung, Rf" uniqKey="Massung R">RF Massung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Candee, Aj" uniqKey="Candee A">AJ Candee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ailes, Ec" uniqKey="Ailes E">EC Ailes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myers, Lm" uniqKey="Myers L">LM Myers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, Ne" uniqKey="Patterson N">NE Patterson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roest, Hij" uniqKey="Roest H">HIJ Roest</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bossers, A" uniqKey="Bossers A">A Bossers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Zijderveld, Fg" uniqKey="Van Zijderveld F">FG van Zijderveld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rebel, Jml" uniqKey="Rebel J">JML Rebel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Munster, Jm" uniqKey="Munster J">JM Munster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leenders, Acp" uniqKey="Leenders A">ACP Leenders</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Hoek, W" uniqKey="Van Der Hoek W">W van der Hoek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneeberger, Pm" uniqKey="Schneeberger P">PM Schneeberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rietveld, A" uniqKey="Rietveld A">A Rietveld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riphagen Dalhuisen, J" uniqKey="Riphagen Dalhuisen J">J Riphagen-Dalhuisen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roest, Hij" uniqKey="Roest H">HIJ Roest</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Solt, Cb" uniqKey="Van Solt C">CB van Solt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tilburg, Jjhc" uniqKey="Tilburg J">JJHC Tilburg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klaassen, Chw" uniqKey="Klaassen C">CHW Klaassen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hovius, Ek" uniqKey="Hovius E">EK Hovius</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roest, Ftf" uniqKey="Roest F">FTF Roest</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Denman, J" uniqKey="Denman J">J Denman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woods, M" uniqKey="Woods M">M Woods</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vongxay, K" uniqKey="Vongxay K">K Vongxay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conlan, Jv" uniqKey="Conlan J">JV Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khounsy, S" uniqKey="Khounsy S">S Khounsy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorny, P" uniqKey="Dorny P">P Dorny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenwick, S" uniqKey="Fenwick S">S Fenwick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blacksell, Sd" uniqKey="Blacksell S">SD Blacksell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kwak, W" uniqKey="Kwak W">W Kwak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, H" uniqKey="Chu H">H Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, S" uniqKey="Hwang S">S Hwang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, J H" uniqKey="Park J">J-H Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Kj" uniqKey="Hwang K">KJ Hwang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gwack, J" uniqKey="Gwack J">J Gwack</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tay, St" uniqKey="Tay S">ST Tay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Tm" uniqKey="Ho T">TM Ho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rohani, My" uniqKey="Rohani M">MY Rohani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suputtamongkol, Y" uniqKey="Suputtamongkol Y">Y Suputtamongkol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, J M" uniqKey="Rolain J">J-M Rolain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Losuwanaruk, K" uniqKey="Losuwanaruk K">K Losuwanaruk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niwatayakul, K" uniqKey="Niwatayakul K">K Niwatayakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suttinont, C" uniqKey="Suttinont C">C Suttinont</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chierakul, W" uniqKey="Chierakul W">W Chierakul</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, Z" uniqKey="Wu Z">Z Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, J" uniqKey="Gu J">J Gu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, H" uniqKey="Zheng H">H Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, Y" uniqKey="Tong Y">Y Tong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Q" uniqKey="Wu Q">Q Wu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dupouy Camet, J" uniqKey="Dupouy Camet J">J Dupouy-Camet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takahashi, Y" uniqKey="Takahashi Y">Y Takahashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mingyuan, L" uniqKey="Mingyuan L">L Mingyuan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waikagul, J" uniqKey="Waikagul J">J Waikagul</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conlan, Jv" uniqKey="Conlan J">JV Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sripa, B" uniqKey="Sripa B">B Sripa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Attwood, S" uniqKey="Attwood S">S Attwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newton, Pn" uniqKey="Newton P">PN Newton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pozio, E" uniqKey="Pozio E">E Pozio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoberg, E" uniqKey="Hoberg E">E Hoberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="La Rosa, G" uniqKey="La Rosa G">G La Rosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zarlenga, Ds" uniqKey="Zarlenga D">DS Zarlenga</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pozio, E" uniqKey="Pozio E">E Pozio</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Choudhury, Aak" uniqKey="Choudhury A">AAK Choudhury</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conlan, Jv" uniqKey="Conlan J">JV Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Racloz, Vn" uniqKey="Racloz V">VN Racloz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Sa" uniqKey="Reid S">SA Reid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blacksell, Sd" uniqKey="Blacksell S">SD Blacksell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenwick, Sg" uniqKey="Fenwick S">SG Fenwick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barennes, H" uniqKey="Barennes H">H Barennes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sayasone, S" uniqKey="Sayasone S">S Sayasone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Bruyne, A" uniqKey="De Bruyne A">A De Bruyne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hongsakhone, S" uniqKey="Hongsakhone S">S Hongsakhone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newton, Pn" uniqKey="Newton P">PN Newton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sayasone, S" uniqKey="Sayasone S">S Sayasone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vongphrachanh, P" uniqKey="Vongphrachanh P">P Vongphrachanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keoluangkot, V" uniqKey="Keoluangkot V">V Keoluangkot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dupouy Camet, J" uniqKey="Dupouy Camet J">J Dupouy-Camet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newton, Pn" uniqKey="Newton P">PN Newton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suwansrinon, K" uniqKey="Suwansrinon K">K Suwansrinon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilde, H" uniqKey="Wilde H">H Wilde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burford, B" uniqKey="Burford B">B Burford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanvesakul, R" uniqKey="Hanvesakul R">R Hanvesakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sitprija, V" uniqKey="Sitprija V">V Sitprija</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taybouavone, T" uniqKey="Taybouavone T">T Taybouavone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hai, Tn" uniqKey="Hai T">TN Hai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keoluangkhot, V" uniqKey="Keoluangkhot V">V Keoluangkhot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delanos Gregoire, N" uniqKey="Delanos Gregoire N">N Delanos-Gregoire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dupouy Camet, J" uniqKey="Dupouy Camet J">J Dupouy-Camet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khumjui, C" uniqKey="Khumjui C">C Khumjui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choomkasien, P" uniqKey="Choomkasien P">P Choomkasien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dekumyoy, P" uniqKey="Dekumyoy P">P Dekumyoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kusolsuk, T" uniqKey="Kusolsuk T">T Kusolsuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kongkaew, W" uniqKey="Kongkaew W">W Kongkaew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chalamaat, M" uniqKey="Chalamaat M">M Chalamaat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Wrj" uniqKey="Taylor W">WRJ Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Tran, G" uniqKey="Van Tran G">G Van Tran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Tq" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TQ Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dang, D" uniqKey="Van Dang D">D Van Dang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Vk" uniqKey="Nguyen V">VK Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Ct" uniqKey="Nguyen C">CT Nguyen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gajadhar, Aa" uniqKey="Gajadhar A">AA Gajadhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozio, E" uniqKey="Pozio E">E Pozio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gamble, Hr" uniqKey="Gamble H">HR Gamble</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nockler, K" uniqKey="Nockler K">K Nöckler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maddox Hyttel, C" uniqKey="Maddox Hyttel C">C Maddox-Hyttel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Forbes, Lb" uniqKey="Forbes L">LB Forbes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vu Thi, N" uniqKey="Vu Thi N">N Vu Thi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorny, P" uniqKey="Dorny P">P Dorny</name></author><author><name sortKey="La Rosa, G" uniqKey="La Rosa G">G La Rosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="To Long, T" uniqKey="To Long T">T To Long</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Nguyen, C" uniqKey="Van Nguyen C">C Van Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozio, E" uniqKey="Pozio E">E Pozio</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, M" uniqKey="Liu M">M Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boireau, P" uniqKey="Boireau P">P Boireau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pozio, E" uniqKey="Pozio E">E Pozio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murrell, Kd" uniqKey="Murrell K">KD Murrell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macpherson, Cnl" uniqKey="Macpherson C">CNL Macpherson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lozano, R" uniqKey="Lozano R">R Lozano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naghavi, M" uniqKey="Naghavi M">M Naghavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foreman, K" uniqKey="Foreman K">K Foreman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, S" uniqKey="Lim S">S Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shibuya, K" uniqKey="Shibuya K">K Shibuya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aboyans, V" uniqKey="Aboyans V">V Aboyans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murray, Cjl" uniqKey="Murray C">CJL Murray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vos, T" uniqKey="Vos T">T Vos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lozano, R" uniqKey="Lozano R">R Lozano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naghavi, M" uniqKey="Naghavi M">M Naghavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flaxman, Ad" uniqKey="Flaxman A">AD Flaxman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michaud, C" uniqKey="Michaud C">C Michaud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bounlu, K" uniqKey="Bounlu K">K Bounlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Insisiengmay, S" uniqKey="Insisiengmay S">S Insisiengmay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanthanouvong, K" uniqKey="Vanthanouvong K">K Vanthanouvong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saykham, Ws" uniqKey="Saykham W">WS Saykham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iinuma, K" uniqKey="Iinuma K">K Iinuma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsubayashi, K" uniqKey="Matsubayashi K">K Matsubayashi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Syhavong, B" uniqKey="Syhavong B">B Syhavong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rasachack, B" uniqKey="Rasachack B">B Rasachack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smythe, L" uniqKey="Smythe L">L Smythe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, J M" uniqKey="Rolain J">J-M Rolain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roque Afonso, A M" uniqKey="Roque Afonso A">A-M Roque-Afonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jenjaroen, K" uniqKey="Jenjaroen K">K Jenjaroen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Libraty, Dh" uniqKey="Libraty D">DH Libraty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myint, Ks" uniqKey="Myint K">KS Myint</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Ck" uniqKey="Murray C">CK Murray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Rv" uniqKey="Gibbons R">RV Gibbons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mammen, Mp" uniqKey="Mammen M">MP Mammen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Endy, Tp" uniqKey="Endy T">TP Endy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laras, K" uniqKey="Laras K">K Laras</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Cao, B" uniqKey="Van Cao B">B Van Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bounlu, K" uniqKey="Bounlu K">K Bounlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Tkt" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TKT Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Jg" uniqKey="Olson J">JG Olson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thongchanh, S" uniqKey="Thongchanh S">S Thongchanh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pradutkanchana, J" uniqKey="Pradutkanchana J">J Pradutkanchana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pradutkanchana, S" uniqKey="Pradutkanchana S">S Pradutkanchana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kemapanmanus, M" uniqKey="Kemapanmanus M">M Kemapanmanus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wuthipum, N" uniqKey="Wuthipum N">N Wuthipum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silpapojakul, K" uniqKey="Silpapojakul K">K Silpapojakul</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hartskeerl, Ra" uniqKey="Hartskeerl R">RA Hartskeerl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vke, L" uniqKey="Vke L">L Vke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pappas, G" uniqKey="Pappas G">G Pappas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Papadimitriou, P" uniqKey="Papadimitriou P">P Papadimitriou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siozopoulou, V" uniqKey="Siozopoulou V">V Siozopoulou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christou, L" uniqKey="Christou L">L Christou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akritidis, N" uniqKey="Akritidis N">N Akritidis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tilahun, Z" uniqKey="Tilahun Z">Z Tilahun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reta, D" uniqKey="Reta D">D Reta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simenew, K" uniqKey="Simenew K">K Simenew</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Faine, S" uniqKey="Faine S">S Faine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adler, B" uniqKey="Adler B">B Adler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bolin, C" uniqKey="Bolin C">C Bolin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perolat, P" uniqKey="Perolat P">P Perolat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Phimda, K" uniqKey="Phimda K">K Phimda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoontrakul, S" uniqKey="Hoontrakul S">S Hoontrakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suttinont, C" uniqKey="Suttinont C">C Suttinont</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chareonwat, S" uniqKey="Chareonwat S">S Chareonwat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Losuwanaluk, K" uniqKey="Losuwanaluk K">K Losuwanaluk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chueasuwanchai, S" uniqKey="Chueasuwanchai S">S Chueasuwanchai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niwetpathomwat, A" uniqKey="Niwetpathomwat A">A Niwetpathomwat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luengyosluechakul, S" uniqKey="Luengyosluechakul S">S Luengyosluechakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geawduanglek, S" uniqKey="Geawduanglek S">S Geawduanglek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boqvist, S" uniqKey="Boqvist S">S Boqvist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ho Thi, Vt" uniqKey="Ho Thi V">VT Ho Thi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, U" uniqKey="Magnusson U">U Magnusson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boqvist, S" uniqKey="Boqvist S">S Boqvist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, J" uniqKey="Montgomery J">J Montgomery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hurst, M" uniqKey="Hurst M">M Hurst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thu, Htv" uniqKey="Thu H">HTV Thu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engvall, Eo" uniqKey="Engvall E">EO Engvall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunnarsson, A" uniqKey="Gunnarsson A">A Gunnarsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boqvist, S" uniqKey="Boqvist S">S Boqvist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chau, Bl" uniqKey="Chau B">BL Chau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunnarsson, A" uniqKey="Gunnarsson A">A Gunnarsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsson Engvall, E" uniqKey="Olsson Engvall E">E Olsson Engvall</name></author><author><name sortKey="V Gsholm, I" uniqKey="V Gsholm I">I Vågsholm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, U" uniqKey="Magnusson U">U Magnusson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boqvist, S" uniqKey="Boqvist S">S Boqvist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eliasson Selling, L" uniqKey="Eliasson Selling L">L Eliasson-Selling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergstrom, K" uniqKey="Bergstrom K">K Bergström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, U" uniqKey="Magnusson U">U Magnusson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naik, S" uniqKey="Naik S">S Naik</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Emerson, Su" uniqKey="Emerson S">SU Emerson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Purcell, Rh" uniqKey="Purcell R">RH Purcell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hinjoy, S" uniqKey="Hinjoy S">S Hinjoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Ke" uniqKey="Nelson K">KE Nelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Rv" uniqKey="Gibbons R">RV Gibbons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarman, Rg" uniqKey="Jarman R">RG Jarman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mongkolsirichaikul, D" uniqKey="Mongkolsirichaikul D">D Mongkolsirichaikul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smithsuwan, P" uniqKey="Smithsuwan P">P Smithsuwan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drobeniuc, J" uniqKey="Drobeniuc J">J Drobeniuc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Favorov, Mo" uniqKey="Favorov M">MO Favorov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Cn" uniqKey="Shapiro C">CN Shapiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, Bp" uniqKey="Bell B">BP Bell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mast, Ee" uniqKey="Mast E">EE Mast</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dadu, A" uniqKey="Dadu A">A Dadu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corwin, Al" uniqKey="Corwin A">AL Corwin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tien, Ntk" uniqKey="Tien N">NTK Tien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bounlu, K" uniqKey="Bounlu K">K Bounlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winarno, J" uniqKey="Winarno J">J Winarno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Putri, Mp" uniqKey="Putri M">MP Putri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laras, K" uniqKey="Laras K">K Laras</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conlan, Jv" uniqKey="Conlan J">JV Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarman, Rg" uniqKey="Jarman R">RG Jarman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vongxay, K" uniqKey="Vongxay K">K Vongxay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chinnawirotpisan, P" uniqKey="Chinnawirotpisan P">P Chinnawirotpisan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melendrez, Mc" uniqKey="Melendrez M">MC Melendrez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenwick, S" uniqKey="Fenwick S">S Fenwick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meng, Xj" uniqKey="Meng X">XJ Meng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wiseman, B" uniqKey="Wiseman B">B Wiseman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elvinger, F" uniqKey="Elvinger F">F Elvinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guenette, Dk" uniqKey="Guenette D">DK Guenette</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toth, Te" uniqKey="Toth T">TE Toth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engle, Re" uniqKey="Engle R">RE Engle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wibawa, Idn" uniqKey="Wibawa I">IDN Wibawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muljono, Dh" uniqKey="Muljono D">DH Muljono</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulyanto, I" uniqKey="Mulyanto I">I Mulyanto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suryadarma, Ig" uniqKey="Suryadarma I">IG Suryadarma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsuda, F" uniqKey="Tsuda F">F Tsuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takahashi, M" uniqKey="Takahashi M">M Takahashi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blacksell, Sd" uniqKey="Blacksell S">SD Blacksell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myint, Ksa" uniqKey="Myint K">KSA Myint</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khounsy, S" uniqKey="Khounsy S">S Khounsy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phruaravanh, M" uniqKey="Phruaravanh M">M Phruaravanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mammen, Mp" uniqKey="Mammen M">MP Mammen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Npj" uniqKey="Day N">NPJ Day</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouwknegt, M" uniqKey="Bouwknegt M">M Bouwknegt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frankena, K" uniqKey="Frankena K">K Frankena</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rutjes, Sa" uniqKey="Rutjes S">SA Rutjes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wellenberg, Gj" uniqKey="Wellenberg G">GJ Wellenberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Roda Husman, Am" uniqKey="De Roda Husman A">AM de Roda Husman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Poel, Whm" uniqKey="Van Der Poel W">WHM van der Poel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balayan, Ms" uniqKey="Balayan M">MS Balayan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tran, D S" uniqKey="Tran D">D-S Tran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le, T O" uniqKey="Le T">T-O Le</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huc, P" uniqKey="Huc P">P Huc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Druet Cabanac, M" uniqKey="Druet Cabanac M">M Druet-Cabanac</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barennes, H" uniqKey="Barennes H">H Barennes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Elliott, I" uniqKey="Elliott I">I Elliott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dittrich, S" uniqKey="Dittrich S">S Dittrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paris, D" uniqKey="Paris D">D Paris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sengduanphachanh, A" uniqKey="Sengduanphachanh A">A Sengduanphachanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phoumin, P" uniqKey="Phoumin P">P Phoumin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newton, Pn" uniqKey="Newton P">PN Newton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Impoinvil, De" uniqKey="Impoinvil D">DE Impoinvil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baylis, M" uniqKey="Baylis M">M Baylis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Solomon, T" uniqKey="Solomon T">T Solomon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mathers, Cd" uniqKey="Mathers C">CD Mathers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ezzati, M" uniqKey="Ezzati M">M Ezzati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Ad" uniqKey="Lopez A">AD Lopez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Gl" uniqKey="Campbell G">GL Campbell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hills, Sl" uniqKey="Hills S">SL Hills</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, M" uniqKey="Fischer M">M Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobson, J" uniqKey="Jacobson J">J Jacobson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoke, Ch" uniqKey="Hoke C">CH Hoke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Homback, Jm" uniqKey="Homback J">JM Homback</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vallee, J" uniqKey="Vallee J">J Vallée</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubot Peres, A" uniqKey="Dubot Peres A">A Dubot-Pérès</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ounaphom, P" uniqKey="Ounaphom P">P Ounaphom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sayavong, C" uniqKey="Sayavong C">C Sayavong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bryant, Je" uniqKey="Bryant J">JE Bryant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, J P" uniqKey="Gonzalez J">J-P Gonzalez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erlanger, Te" uniqKey="Erlanger T">TE Erlanger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, S" uniqKey="Weiss S">S Weiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keiser, J" uniqKey="Keiser J">J Keiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Utzinger, J" uniqKey="Utzinger J">J Utzinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wiedenmayer, K" uniqKey="Wiedenmayer K">K Wiedenmayer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trung, Nhd" uniqKey="Trung N">NHD Trung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Thi Phuong, T" uniqKey="Le Thi Phuong T">T Le Thi Phuong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolbers, M" uniqKey="Wolbers M">M Wolbers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen Van Minh, H" uniqKey="Nguyen Van Minh H">H Nguyen Van Minh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen Thanh, V" uniqKey="Nguyen Thanh V">V Nguyen Thanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van, Mp" uniqKey="Van M">MP Van</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Misra, Uk" uniqKey="Misra U">UK Misra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kalita, J" uniqKey="Kalita J">J Kalita</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mac, Tl" uniqKey="Mac T">TL Mac</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, D S" uniqKey="Tran D">D-S Tran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quet, F" uniqKey="Quet F">F Quet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Preux, P M" uniqKey="Preux P">P-M Preux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Ct" uniqKey="Tan C">CT Tan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hiscox, A" uniqKey="Hiscox A">A Hiscox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winter, Ch" uniqKey="Winter C">CH Winter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vongphrachanh, P" uniqKey="Vongphrachanh P">P Vongphrachanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sisouk, T" uniqKey="Sisouk T">T Sisouk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Somoulay, V" uniqKey="Somoulay V">V Somoulay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phompida, S" uniqKey="Phompida S">S Phompida</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moore, Ce" uniqKey="Moore C">CE Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blacksell, Sd" uniqKey="Blacksell S">SD Blacksell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taojaikong, T" uniqKey="Taojaikong T">T Taojaikong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarman, Rg" uniqKey="Jarman R">RG Jarman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Rv" uniqKey="Gibbons R">RV Gibbons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vongxay, P" uniqKey="Vongxay P">P Vongxay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Den Hurk, Af" uniqKey="Van Den Hurk A">AF Van den Hurk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, S" uniqKey="Ritchie S">S Ritchie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackenzie, Js" uniqKey="Mackenzie J">JS Mackenzie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, W" uniqKey="Liu W">W Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Rv" uniqKey="Gibbons R">RV Gibbons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kari, K" uniqKey="Kari K">K Kari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clemens, Jd" uniqKey="Clemens J">JD Clemens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nisalak, A" uniqKey="Nisalak A">A Nisalak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marks, F" uniqKey="Marks F">F Marks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rajshekhar, V" uniqKey="Rajshekhar V">V Rajshekhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joshi, Dd" uniqKey="Joshi D">DD Joshi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doanh, Nq" uniqKey="Doanh N">NQ Doanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van De, N" uniqKey="Van De N">N van De</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xiaonong, Z" uniqKey="Xiaonong Z">Z Xiaonong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azim, S" uniqKey="Azim S">S Azim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dojki, F" uniqKey="Dojki F">F Dojki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Ss" uniqKey="Ahmad S">SS Ahmad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beg, Ma" uniqKey="Beg M">MA Beg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garcia, Hh" uniqKey="Garcia H">HH García</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Ae" uniqKey="Gonzalez A">AE Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Caw" uniqKey="Evans C">CAW Evans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilman, Rh" uniqKey="Gilman R">RH Gilman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Working, C" uniqKey="Working C">C Working</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Firemark, Hm" uniqKey="Firemark H">HM Firemark</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perry, H" uniqKey="Perry H">H Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Font, R" uniqKey="Font R">R Font</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeon, H K" uniqKey="Jeon H">H-K Jeon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yong, T S" uniqKey="Yong T">T-S Yong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sohn, W M" uniqKey="Sohn W">W-M Sohn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, J Y" uniqKey="Chai J">J-Y Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Min, D Y" uniqKey="Min D">D-Y Min</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rim, Hj" uniqKey="Rim H">HJ Rim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conlan, Jv" uniqKey="Conlan J">JV Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vongxay, K" uniqKey="Vongxay K">K Vongxay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khamlome, B" uniqKey="Khamlome B">B Khamlome</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorny, P" uniqKey="Dorny P">P Dorny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sripa, B" uniqKey="Sripa B">B Sripa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elliot, A" uniqKey="Elliot A">A Elliot</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knezevic, W" uniqKey="Knezevic W">W Knezevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, A" uniqKey="Fisher A">A Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sterrett, G" uniqKey="Sterrett G">G Sterrett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stokes, B" uniqKey="Stokes B">B Stokes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okello, A" uniqKey="Okello A">A Okello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ash, A" uniqKey="Ash A">A Ash</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keokhamphet, C" uniqKey="Keokhamphet C">C Keokhamphet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hobbs, E" uniqKey="Hobbs E">E Hobbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khamlome, B" uniqKey="Khamlome B">B Khamlome</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorny, P" uniqKey="Dorny P">P Dorny</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bardosh, K" uniqKey="Bardosh K">K Bardosh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inthavong, P" uniqKey="Inthavong P">P Inthavong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xayaheuang, S" uniqKey="Xayaheuang S">S Xayaheuang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okello, Al" uniqKey="Okello A">AL Okello</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Feng, Y" uniqKey="Feng Y">Y Feng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, H" uniqKey="Zhang H">H Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Z" uniqKey="Wu Z">Z Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, S" uniqKey="Wang S">S Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, M" uniqKey="Cao M">M Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, D" uniqKey="Hu D">D Hu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wertheim, Hfl" uniqKey="Wertheim H">HFL Wertheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nghia, Hdt" uniqKey="Nghia H">HDT Nghia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, W" uniqKey="Taylor W">W Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schultsz, C" uniqKey="Schultsz C">C Schultsz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lun, Z R" uniqKey="Lun Z">Z-R Lun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Q P" uniqKey="Wang Q">Q-P Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, X G" uniqKey="Chen X">X-G Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, A X" uniqKey="Li A">A-X Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, X Q" uniqKey="Zhu X">X-Q Zhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Choi, S M" uniqKey="Choi S">S-M Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, B H" uniqKey="Cho B">B-H Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, K H" uniqKey="Choi K">K-H Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nam, T S" uniqKey="Nam T">T-S Nam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, J T" uniqKey="Kim J">J-T Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, M S" uniqKey="Park M">M-S Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoa, Nt" uniqKey="Hoa N">NT Hoa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chieu, Ttb" uniqKey="Chieu T">TTB Chieu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nga, Ttt" uniqKey="Nga T">TTT Nga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dung, N" uniqKey="Van Dung N">N Van Dung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, J" uniqKey="Campbell J">J Campbell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anh, Ph" uniqKey="Anh P">PH Anh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pappas, G" uniqKey="Pappas G">G Pappas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Navacharoen, N" uniqKey="Navacharoen N">N Navacharoen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chantharochavong, V" uniqKey="Chantharochavong V">V Chantharochavong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanprasertpong, C" uniqKey="Hanprasertpong C">C Hanprasertpong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kangsanarak, J" uniqKey="Kangsanarak J">J Kangsanarak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lekagul, S" uniqKey="Lekagul S">S Lekagul</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wangsomboonsiri, W" uniqKey="Wangsomboonsiri W">W Wangsomboonsiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luksananun, T" uniqKey="Luksananun T">T Luksananun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saksornchai, S" uniqKey="Saksornchai S">S Saksornchai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ketwong, K" uniqKey="Ketwong K">K Ketwong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sungkanuparph, S" uniqKey="Sungkanuparph S">S Sungkanuparph</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yu, H" uniqKey="Yu H">H Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jing, H" uniqKey="Jing H">H Jing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Z" uniqKey="Chen Z">Z Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, H" uniqKey="Zheng H">H Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mai, Nth" uniqKey="Mai N">NTH Mai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoa, Nt" uniqKey="Hoa N">NT Hoa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nga, Tvt" uniqKey="Nga T">TVT Nga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linh, Ld" uniqKey="Linh L">LD Linh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chau, Tth" uniqKey="Chau T">TTH Chau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sinh, Dx" uniqKey="Sinh D">DX Sinh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takeuchi, D" uniqKey="Takeuchi D">D Takeuchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kerdsin, A" uniqKey="Kerdsin A">A Kerdsin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pienpringam, A" uniqKey="Pienpringam A">A Pienpringam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loetthong, P" uniqKey="Loetthong P">P Loetthong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samerchea, S" uniqKey="Samerchea S">S Samerchea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luangsuk, P" uniqKey="Luangsuk P">P Luangsuk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wertheim, Hfl" uniqKey="Wertheim H">HFL Wertheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Hn" uniqKey="Nguyen H">HN Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, W" uniqKey="Taylor W">W Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lien, Ttm" uniqKey="Lien T">TTM Lien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ngo, Ht" uniqKey="Ngo H">HT Ngo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Tq" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TQ Nguyen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Padungtod, P" uniqKey="Padungtod P">P Padungtod</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tharavichitkul, P" uniqKey="Tharavichitkul P">P Tharavichitkul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Junya, S" uniqKey="Junya S">S Junya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaisowong, W" uniqKey="Chaisowong W">W Chaisowong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kadohira, M" uniqKey="Kadohira M">M Kadohira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makino, S" uniqKey="Makino S">S Makino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Staats, Jj" uniqKey="Staats J">JJ Staats</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feder, I" uniqKey="Feder I">I Feder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okwumabua, O" uniqKey="Okwumabua O">O Okwumabua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chengappa, Mm" uniqKey="Chengappa M">MM Chengappa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Willingham, A" uniqKey="Willingham A">A Willingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="De, N" uniqKey="De N">N De</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doanh, N" uniqKey="Doanh N">N Doanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Cong, D" uniqKey="Le Cong D">D le Cong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dung, T" uniqKey="Dung T">T Dung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorny, P" uniqKey="Dorny P">P Dorny</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sayasone, S" uniqKey="Sayasone S">S Sayasone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mak, Tk" uniqKey="Mak T">TK Mak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanmany, M" uniqKey="Vanmany M">M Vanmany</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rasphone, O" uniqKey="Rasphone O">O Rasphone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vounatsou, P" uniqKey="Vounatsou P">P Vounatsou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Utzinger, J" uniqKey="Utzinger J">J Utzinger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kawaguchi, L" uniqKey="Kawaguchi L">L Kawaguchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sengkeopraseuth, B" uniqKey="Sengkeopraseuth B">B Sengkeopraseuth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsuyuoka, R" uniqKey="Tsuyuoka R">R Tsuyuoka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koizumi, N" uniqKey="Koizumi N">N Koizumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akashi, H" uniqKey="Akashi H">H Akashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vongphrachanh, P" uniqKey="Vongphrachanh P">P Vongphrachanh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Phongluxa, K" uniqKey="Phongluxa K">K Phongluxa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xayaseng, V" uniqKey="Xayaseng V">V Xayaseng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vonghachack, Y" uniqKey="Vonghachack Y">Y Vonghachack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akkhavong, K" uniqKey="Akkhavong K">K Akkhavong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Eeuwijk, P" uniqKey="Van Eeuwijk P">P van Eeuwijk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barennes, H" uniqKey="Barennes H">H Barennes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sengkhamyong, K" uniqKey="Sengkhamyong K">K Sengkhamyong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sambany, Em" uniqKey="Sambany E">EM Sambany</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koffi, Pn" uniqKey="Koffi P">PN Koffi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chivorakul, P" uniqKey="Chivorakul P">P Chivorakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Empis, G" uniqKey="Empis G">G Empis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tran, D S" uniqKey="Tran D">D-S Tran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singphuoangphet, S" uniqKey="Singphuoangphet S">S Singphuoangphet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Druet Cabanac, M" uniqKey="Druet Cabanac M">M Druet-Cabanac</name></author><author><name sortKey="Preux, P M" uniqKey="Preux P">P-M Preux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strobel, M" uniqKey="Strobel M">M Strobel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harimanana, A" uniqKey="Harimanana A">A Harimanana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chivorakul, P" uniqKey="Chivorakul P">P Chivorakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Souvong, V" uniqKey="Souvong V">V Souvong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Preux, P M" uniqKey="Preux P">P-M Preux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barennes, H" uniqKey="Barennes H">H Barennes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sayasone, S" uniqKey="Sayasone S">S Sayasone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erlanger, Te" uniqKey="Erlanger T">TE Erlanger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaul, S" uniqKey="Kaul S">S Kaul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sananikhom, P" uniqKey="Sananikhom P">P Sananikhom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanner, M" uniqKey="Tanner M">M Tanner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Utzinger, J" uniqKey="Utzinger J">J Utzinger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barennes, H" uniqKey="Barennes H">H Barennes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, D" uniqKey="Tran D">D Tran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Latthaphasavang, V" uniqKey="Latthaphasavang V">V Latthaphasavang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Preux, Pm" uniqKey="Preux P">PM Preux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odermatt, P" uniqKey="Odermatt P">P Odermatt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shirayama, Y" uniqKey="Shirayama Y">Y Shirayama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phompida, S" uniqKey="Phompida S">S Phompida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuroiwa, C" uniqKey="Kuroiwa C">C Kuroiwa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sydara, K" uniqKey="Sydara K">K Sydara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gneunphonsavath, S" uniqKey="Gneunphonsavath S">S Gneunphonsavath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wahlstrom, R" uniqKey="Wahlstrom R">R Wahlström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freudenthal, S" uniqKey="Freudenthal S">S Freudenthal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houamboun, K" uniqKey="Houamboun K">K Houamboun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomson, G" uniqKey="Tomson G">G Tomson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Infect Dis Poverty</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Infect Dis Poverty</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Infectious Diseases of Poverty</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2049-9957</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25973203</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4430026</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/2049-9957-4-11</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Scoping Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Burniston</surname><given-names>Stephanie</given-names></name><address><email>s.burniston@sms.ed.ac.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Okello</surname><given-names>Anna L</given-names></name><address><email>anna.okello@ed.ac.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khamlome</surname><given-names>Boualam</given-names></name><address><email>drboualamkham2013@yahoo.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Inthavong</surname><given-names>Phouth</given-names></name><address><email>drphouth@yahoo.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gilbert</surname><given-names>Jeffrey</given-names></name><address><email>jeff.gilbert@doctors.org.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blacksell</surname><given-names>Stuart D</given-names></name><address><email>stuart@tropmedres.ac</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Allen</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><address><email>john.allen@csiro.au</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Welburn</surname><given-names>Susan C</given-names></name><address><email>sue.welburn@ed.ac.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label></label>Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary, Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label></label>CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Regional Programme, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219 Australia</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label></label>Department for Communicable Disease Control (DCDC), Ministry of Health, Thadeua Road, Vientiane, Lao PDR</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label></label>Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ban Sithan Nua, Luang Prabang Road, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane, 7042 Lao PDR</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label></label>International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Asia Programme, Kabete, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, 30709-00100 Kenya</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label></label>Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithee Road, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label></label>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><elocation-id>11</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Burniston et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015</copyright-statement><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p>Pig rearing is an important income source in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems. Despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses, information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking. This review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia: brucellosis, Q fever (<italic>Coxiella burnetii</italic>), trichinellosis, hepatitis E virus, leptospirosis, Japanese encephalitis, <italic>Streptococcus suis</italic> and <italic>Taenia solium</italic> taeniasis-cysticercosis. It summarises current knowledge on these diseases grouped according to their clinical manifestations in humans to highlight the propensity for underreporting. A literature search was conducted across multiple databases for publications from 1990 to the present day related to the eight pig-associated zoonoses and the risk and impact connected with them, with Lao PDR as a case study. Many of these pig-associated zoonoses have similar presentations and are often diagnosed as clinical syndromes. Misdiagnosis and underreporting are, therefore, substantial and emphasise the need for more robust diagnostics and appropriate surveillance systems. While some reports exist in other countries in the region, information is significantly lacking in Lao PDR with existing information coming mainly from the capital, Vientiane. The disease burden imposed by these zoonoses is not only characterised by morbidity and mortality, but directly impacts on livelihoods through income reduction and production losses, and indirectly through treatment costs and lost work opportunities. Other factors crucial to understanding and controlling these diseases are the influence of ethnicity and culture on food-consumption practices, pig rearing and slaughter practices, hygiene and sanitation, health-seeking behaviours and, therefore, risk factors for disease transmission. Published information on the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of people regarding pig zoonoses and their risk factors is also extremely limited in Lao PDR and the broader Southeast Asian region. The need for more transdisciplinary research, using a One Health approach, in order to understand the underlining social determinants of health and their impacts on health-seeking behaviours, disease transmission and, ultimately, disease reporting, cannot be more emphasized.</p><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2049-9957-4-11) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Sociocultural drivers</kwd><kwd>Pig-associated zoonoses</kwd><kwd>Clinical syndromes</kwd><kwd>Health seeking behaviours</kwd><kwd>Brucellosis</kwd><kwd>Q-fever</kwd><kwd>Trichinellosis</kwd><kwd>Hepatitis E</kwd><kwd>Leptospirosis</kwd><kwd>Japanese encephalitis</kwd><kwd><italic>Streptococcus suis</italic></kwd><kwd>Taeniasis-cysticercosis</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2015</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="Sec1"><title>Multilingual abstracts</title><p>Please see Additional file <xref rid="MOESM1" ref-type="media">1</xref> for translations of the abstract into the six official working languages of the United Nations.</p></sec><sec id="Sec2" sec-type="intro"><title>Introduction</title><p>The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) lies in Southeast Asia’s Mekong Region, sharing its borders with China, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. Classified as a low-middle-income country, approximately 23.2% of people lived below the poverty line and with a life expectancy of 68 years in 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>]. Agriculture is vitally important to lesser-developed economies in the region; the majority of Lao PDR’s estimated 6.9 million people live in rural areas, with the agriculture sector employing 82% of the labour force in 2003 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. According to the 2005 population census, the country’s 49 official ethnic groups consist of over 100 subgroups, all with distinctly different languages, customs and beliefs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>].</p><p>Like many countries in the region, livestock production, particularly pig rearing, is an important ancillary income source in Lao PDR, with many smallholder farmers utilising traditional free-range pig production systems [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>]. Whilst the livestock sector’s contribution to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) from agriculture remains small at 14.3% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>], the societal contribution of livestock – especially within local economies and at the household level as a source of cash and social capital – remains vitally important. Pig production appears to be a particularly important poverty buffer in northern Lao PDR, where approximately 70% of households rear domestic pigs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>]. Despite pig operations being on a smaller scale compared with neighbouring countries, evidence shows that the number of pigs produced increased by 71% between 1998 and 2008, in addition to a 77% increase in the output of pork products [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>].</p><p>Pig production, however, poses a health risk to those relying on this commodity for income, with a number of pig-associated zoonotic diseases endemic throughout Southeast Asia. Besides the dual burdens on animal and human health, zoonotic diseases can impact the exportability of livestock and associated products. Despite this, little relevant information is available on the sociocultural drivers of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao PDR, or indeed, in the wider Southeast Asia region.</p><p>This review summarises the sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses endemic to Southeast Asia, grouped according to their clinical manifestations in humans to highlight the propensity for underreporting: brucellosis, Q fever (<italic>Coxiella burnetii)</italic>, trichinellosis, hepatitis E virus, leptospirosis, Japanese encephalitis, <italic>Streptococcus suis</italic> and <italic>Taenia solium</italic> taeniasis-cysticercosis. Systematically examining the current knowledge regarding the risk and impact of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao PDR enables us to identify areas that require further research, including those in upstream value chain events such as slaughter and meat hygiene practices.</p></sec><sec id="Sec3"><title>Review</title><p>A literature review was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, BIOSIS, CAB Direct, Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports (JCR), ScienceDirect, Social Science Research Network (SSRN), Google Scholar and ProQuest Sociology, using word search combinations of the eight zoonotic diseases and associated syndromes: ‘disease/syndrome AND Lao PDR’ and ‘zoonotic disease AND Lao PDR’, as well as studies related to sociocultural beliefs about health and health-seeking behaviours, hygiene and sanitation, food-consumption practices and pig slaughter practices in Lao PDR (including published references from these studies). Study titles and abstracts were screened, with full articles obtained and re-evaluated for inclusion/exclusion under the following criteria:<list list-type="simple"><list-item><label>i.</label><p><italic>Inclusion criteria:</italic> Epidemiological studies, case reports, commentaries, reviews, letters, editorials, social research, conference proceedings and available grey literature published in English from 1990 to 2014.</p></list-item><list-item><label>ii.</label><p><italic>Exclusion criteria:</italic> Imported cases, genetic/molecular studies, development and evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, diseases/syndromes of interest in animals other than pigs and articles in a languages other than English.</p></list-item></list></p><p>Based on the above criteria, a total of 430 abstracts were reviewed, with 142 full text reviews and 34 papers included in the final analysis. The results of the analysis are described below.</p><sec id="Sec4"><title>I) Acute febrile illness and other ‘influenza-like’ symptoms: brucellosis, Q fever (<italic>Coxiella burnetii</italic>) and trichinellosis</title><p>Acute febrile illness, often accompanied by chills, headache and muscle pain, is a common manifestation of several infectious diseases endemic to Southeast Asia, many of which are zoonotic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>]. A summary of some of the pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia that can cause these symptoms is illustrated in Table <xref rid="Tab1" ref-type="table">1</xref>. The true burden of causative agents for acute febrile illness remains poorly understood in Lao PDR, with the majority (>50%) of published data from the region referring to Thailand, followed by Vietnam (27%) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>]. Whilst existing information on fever epidemiology and management in Lao PDR comes mainly from Vientiane, differences in the underlying aetiologies of fever – including co-infections – have been demonstrated in various geographical and ethnic regions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>].<table-wrap id="Tab1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p><bold>Pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast (SE) Asia that can cause high fever, muscle pain and other influenza-like symptoms (acute febrile illness)</bold></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Disease</th><th>Aetiological agent</th><th>Transmission route</th><th>Host animals in SE Asia</th><th>Estimated DALYs lost per year</th><th>Risk factors</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Brucellosis</td><td>Bacterial (<italic>Brucella</italic> spp.)</td><td>Consumption of unpasteurised dairy and raw animal products; direct contact with infected animals/animal products; inhalation</td><td>Varies by region and strain – sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo, pigs</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Swine contact in high risk occupations; food preparation and consumption practices</td></tr><tr><td>Q-fever</td><td>Bacterial (<italic>Coxiella</italic> spp.)</td><td>Consumption of unpasteurised dairy and raw animal products; direct/indirect contact with infected animals/animal products; inhalation</td><td>Cattle, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, pigs, rodents, ticks, wildlife</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Swine contact in high risk occupations; food preparation and consumption practices</td></tr><tr><td>Trichinellosis/Trichinosis</td><td>Parasitic (<italic>Trichinella spp.</italic>)</td><td>Consumption of raw/undercooked pork products</td><td>Mainly pigs; also wild boar, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, rodents, wildlife</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Pig husbandry; poor meat inspection; food preparation and consumption practices</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p>a) Brucellosis: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis with several animal reservoirs; <italic>Brucella suis</italic> being the strain carried by pigs. Presenting as a recurrent febrile illness with associated muscle and joint pain, with more serious consequences in 5% of patients [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>], brucellosis represents a significant public health concern in developing contexts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>]. Although no reliable estimate of disability-adjusted life year (DALY) parameters currently exists for brucellosis, reduced transmission between animals can result in a significant number of DALYs averted [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>]. Whilst no data currently exists on brucellosis prevalence in Lao PDR, the disease has been highlighted as a growing concern in neighbouring Thailand and China [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>].</p><p><italic>B. suis</italic> transmission occurs via consumption of raw animal products, or via direct contact with bodily fluids, tissues, aborted foetuses and aerosols [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>]. Although raw dairy products are not implicated in transmission in Lao PDR [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>], the relatively common practice of raw meat, blood or offal consumption has been linked to infection in other countries, along with unregulated slaughter practices [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>]. Pig raising practices are very important, with suggestions that rural populations – particularly smallholder farmers, butchers and animal health providers – are at a higher risk of infection than urban dwellers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR27">27</xref>].</p><p>b) Q fever (<italic>Coxiella burnetii</italic>): A recognised public health concern in both developed and developing countries, <italic>Coxiella burnetii,</italic> or Q fever, outbreaks are frequently reported worldwide [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]. <italic>C. burnetii</italic> is an obligate intracellular bacterium able to remain highly virulent for long periods in the environment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR33">33</xref>]. The disease has a wide host range; it is detected in both domestic and wild animals, rodents and arthropods [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR33">33</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR35">35</xref>]. The distribution of Q fever in Southeast Asia is not fully understood, and despite no published information available from Lao PDR in humans and pigs, it has been detected in cattle and buffalo in the northern part of the country [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR36">36</xref>]. Human cases have been detected in Thailand, Japan, China, South Korea and Malaysia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR37">37</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR40">40</xref>].</p><p>Similar to brucellosis, the major clinical demonstration of Q fever is acute fever, with a potentially fatal vascular form developing in up to 5% of cases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR37">37</xref>]. Q fever is also a noteworthy cause of foetal morbidity and mortality [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>]. Humans typically become infected via contact with infected animals or inhalation/ingestion of the bacteria from environmental contamination, often arising from infected birthing materials [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>]. Pigs were implicated in several studies from the United States and the Netherlands [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR29">29</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]. The most common risk factor for smallholder pig farmers in Lao PDR is through slaughter, birth assistance and consumption of raw animal products [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR37">37</xref>].</p><p>c) Trichinellosis<italic>: Trichinella</italic> is a nematode infection common to Southeast Asia, particularly in rural areas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR41">41</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR45">45</xref>]. Three of the eight <italic>Trichinella</italic> nematode species have been documented in Southeast Asia to date – <italic>T. spiralis</italic>, <italic>T. pseudospiralis</italic> and <italic>T. papuae</italic> – all of which are associated with human disease [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR43">43</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR45">45</xref>]. <italic>T. spiralis</italic> is the species suspected to be endemic to Lao PDR, however, only three outbreaks have been documented to date [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR43">43</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR46">46</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR50">50</xref>]. <italic>T. papuae</italic> is known to cause human trichinellosis in northern Thailand [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR51">51</xref>]. Though it has not yet been detected in Lao PDR, cross-border movement of animals between the two countries could facilitate the spread of this species into the latter country. Disease severity is influenced by the number of larvae ingested, with secondary effects including respiratory failure, myocarditis, encephalitis and acute adrenal gland failure resulting in death in some cases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR42">42</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR49">49</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR52">52</xref>].</p><p><italic>Trichinella</italic> is transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR48">48</xref>]. Weddings and other traditional ceremonies have been implicated in reported outbreaks in Lao PDR, China and Thailand [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR42">42</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR43">43</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>], with raw pork the primary source of human infection [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR49">49</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR53">53</xref>]. Smallholder pig production practices including free roaming pigs that can access <italic>Trichinella</italic>-infected food scraps have been consistently linked to infections [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR54">54</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR57">57</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="Sec5"><title>II) Acute jaundice syndrome: leptospirosis and hepatitis E virus</title><p>Acute jaundice is often defined as an acute onset of jaundice accompanied by severe illness, and has multiple and varied potential aetiologies. As with acute febrile illnesses, limited diagnostic capability makes definitive diagnosis near impossible. Therefore, the true burden of causative agents of acute jaundice is unknown. In the case of hepatitis as a cause for acute jaundice, the 2010 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study estimated that mortality due to hepatitis was 307,700 (ranging between 268,200 and 356,500) worldwide [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR58">58</xref>]. Estimated DALYs lost due to hepatitis was approximately 13,258,000 (11,364,000–15,855,00) or 192 (165–230) per 100,000 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR59">59</xref>]. There is little information on the diverse infectious causes of jaundice and hepatitis in Southeast Asia. A summary of some of the pig-associated zoonoses that can cause these symptoms and are suspected to be endemic in the region is illustrated in Table <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref>. Certainly in the case of Lao PDR, very few studies have been published on the aetiology of jaundice and/or liver impairment, and those that exist are mainly out of the capital city, Vientiane [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR60">60</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR61">61</xref>].<table-wrap id="Tab2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p><bold>Pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia that can cause acute jaundice and/or liver impairment</bold></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Disease</th><th>Aetiological agent</th><th>Transmission route</th><th>Host animals in SE Asia</th><th>Estimated DALYs lost per year</th><th>Risk factors</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Hepatitis E</td><td>Viral (hepatitis E virus)</td><td>Direct contact with urine, blood and other secretions from infected animals; environmental contamination</td><td>Varies by region – rodents, cattle, pigs, dogs</td><td>3, 715 000 DALYs (between 1,552,000 and 7,470,000)</td><td>Outdoor recreation; swine contact in high risk occupations; poor hygiene and sanitation; flooding (wet season)</td></tr><tr><td>Leptospirosis</td><td>Bacterial (<italic>Leptospira spp.)</italic></td><td>Direct contact with urine, blood and other secretions of infected animals; consumption of raw/undercooked pork products; environmental contamination (rivers and streams)</td><td>Mainly pigs; also deer, horse, cattle, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, rodents and macaques</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Swine contact in high risk occupations; food preparation and consumption practices; flooding (wet season); single water source; poor hygiene and sanitation; use of pig manure as fertiliser for vegetable gardens</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p>a) Leptospirosis: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic infection with a worldwide distribution. The causative agent is the spirochaete <italic>Leptospira interrogans</italic>, divided into 24 serogroups (>200 serovars). A reliable estimate of DALY parameters is not yet available for leptospirosis, although the disease is increasingly recognised as an important cause of acute jaundice and febrile illness in Southeast Asia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR62">62</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR64">64</xref>]. Globally, an estimated 300,000–500,000 human cases of severe disease occur each year [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR65">65</xref>]. Countries that presumed to have high incidence rates (>10 per 100,000 population) in the Asia-Pacific region are Lao PDR, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam and others [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR66">66</xref>]. No official data exists for Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia, but some studies have confirmed that the disease is endemic in these countries. Leptospirosis outbreaks are usually associated with tropical wet season flooding [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR66">66</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR67">67</xref>], consistent with findings in Lao PDR where a higher number of hospital presentations occur during the wet season [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>]. Poor sanitation is a major contributor to environmental contamination, for instance, through open sewers and waste disposal outlets.</p><p>Humans are accidental hosts, with farmers and butchers at increased risk [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR66">66</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR68">68</xref>]. Leptospires from infected animal urine enter the body through skin cuts/abrasions or mucous membranes, either through direct contact from slaughter or farming practices, or via contaminated water or soil [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR69">69</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR70">70</xref>]. Disease severity varies, with acute hepatitis and haemorrhagic pneumonitis suspected in 5–10% of cases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR68">68</xref>]. Mortality rates range between 5–40%, with pulmonary failure being a major contributor to poor prognosis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR66">66</xref>].</p><p>Reservoir hosts can vary according to the serovar and geographic region, with domestic and wild pigs implicated in transmission [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR68">68</xref>]. Whilst leptospirosis has been reported in pigs in Thailand and Vietnam [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR71">71</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR74">74</xref>], no data exists from Lao PDR. One study from Vietnam suggested an association between pig rearing practices and level of risk, particularly in wet areas where free-range pigs have an increased chance of exposure to leptospires in soil and water [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR74">74</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR75">75</xref>]. Another risk for pig infection is exposure to feed or water supplies contaminated with infected urine from rodents or other pigs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR74">74</xref>].</p><p>b) Hepatitis E virus (HEV): The global epidemiology and distribution of the hepatitis E virus has changed significantly in recent years, manifesting as large outbreaks of acute hepatitis in regions with poor sanitation and hygiene [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR76">76</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR77">77</xref>]. Virus genotypes 1 and 2 generally cause large waterborne outbreaks in humans, while genotypes 3 and 4 are primarily zoonotic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR78">78</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR79">79</xref>]. The latest GBD Study estimated that 3,715,000 DALYs (between 1,552,000 and 7,470,000) are lost globally from acute hepatitis E [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR59">59</xref>], with approximately 56,600 deaths occurring worldwide in 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR58">58</xref>]. The disease is generally reported in rural areas in Southeast Asia, with a high case fatality rate (CFR), especially in pregnant women (10–24%) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR80">80</xref>]. Some evidence of human HEV infection exists in Lao PDR [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR61">61</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR80">80</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR81">81</xref>], however, the extent and impact is not fully understood compared with other causes such as hepatitis A [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR60">60</xref>].</p><p>Studies have shown that swine-related occupations incur a greater risk of human HEV infection [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR78">78</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR82">82</xref>]. An important risk factor in Lao PDR is the consumption of raw or undercooked pork [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR83">83</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR84">84</xref>]. Direct contact with infected pigs or ingestion of pig faeces as a result of poor village-level sanitation have also been suggested as sources of infection [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR78">78</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR85">85</xref>]. Sporadic cases tend to be food borne, while waterborne outbreaks are common during the rainy season [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR86">86</xref>]. In Lao PDR, further research is needed to ascertain whether seasonality has an influence on virus transmission, particularly of the zoonotic genotypes.</p></sec><sec id="Sec6"><title>III) Epilepsy and other neurological conditions: Japanese encephalitis virus, <italic>Taenia solium</italic>cysticercosis, <italic>Streptococcus suis</italic></title><p>Central nervous system (CNS) infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, often with long-term neurological and psychiatric sequelae. The 2010 GBD Study estimated that 7,141,000 (6,148,000–8,274,000) and 9,563,000 (8,108,000–10,858,000) DALYs are lost globally due to infectious causes of encephalitis and meningitis<sup>a</sup>, respectively [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR59">59</xref>]. Central nervous systems infections are also the leading cause of epilepsy in tropical developing countries, with estimated prevalence ranging from 10% to 40%; high compared to the mean global prevalence of 8% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>]. Of these cases, 80–94% were reportedly not adequately treated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>]. Rapid and early diagnosis is key to favourable patient outcomes; hence knowledge of the aetiological agents of CNS infections is critical in order to guide empirical therapy. However in Lao PDR, adequate diagnostic facilities are generally confined to the capital Vientiane, and the common practice of antibiotic administration prior to diagnostic testing impedes definitive diagnosis, especially in rural areas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR88">88</xref>]. Apart from a single study using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR88">88</xref>], no publications could be found on the underlying aetiologies of CNS infections in Lao PDR. A summary of some of the pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia that can cause these symptoms is also illustrated in Table <xref rid="Tab3" ref-type="table">3</xref>.<table-wrap id="Tab3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p><bold>Pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia that can cause epilepsy and other neurological conditions</bold></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Disease</th><th>Aetiological agent</th><th>Transmission route</th><th>Host animals in SE Asia</th><th>Estimated DALYs lost per year</th><th>Risk factors</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Japanese encephalitis (JE)</td><td>Viral (JE virus)</td><td>Vector borne: <italic>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</italic></td><td>Waterfowl (ducks, herons, egrets), pigs, horses</td><td>709,000 for JE; 7, 141 000 (6,148,000–8,274,000) for encephalitis</td><td>Vector population and wet season; rice agriculture production and its proximity of the household; pig husbandry systems</td></tr><tr><td><italic>Taenia solium</italic> taeniasis-cysticercosis</td><td>Parasitic (<italic>T. solium</italic>)</td><td>Consumption of raw/undercooked pork or vegetable products; ingestion of viable cysts from infected pork, faecal-oral route (taenia eggs)</td><td>Pigs</td><td>503,000 (379,000–663,000)</td><td>Food preparation and consumption practices; poor hygiene and sanitation; pig husbandry systems; use of human faeces as fertiliser for vegetable gardens; poor meat inspection</td></tr><tr><td><italic>Streptococcus suis</italic></td><td>Bacterial (<italic>S. suis</italic>)</td><td>Consumption of raw/undercooked pork products; direct contact with carrier or infected pigs/pig products</td><td>Pigs mainly; also wild boars, horses, dogs, cats</td><td>Unknown for <italic>S. Suis</italic>; 9, 563 000 (8,108,000–10,858,000) for meningitis<sup>i</sup></td><td>Food preparation and consumption practices; swine contact in high risk occupations; slaughter practices</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p><sup>i</sup>Meningitis other than pneumococcal meningitis, <italic>H. influenzae</italic> type B meningitis and meningococcal infection.</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p><p>a) Japanese encephalitis virus (JE): Japanese encephalitis is the primary cause of viral encephalitis in Asia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR89">89</xref>]. An estimate of the JE global burden was 709,000 DALYs in 2002, however, the true burden is suspected to be much higher [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR90">90</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR91">91</xref>]. It has an estimated global annual incidence of approximately 35–50,000 human cases, and an annual mortality of 10–15,000 deaths [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR92">92</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR93">93</xref>]. Of the survivors, 30–50% have severe neurological and psychiatric sequelae [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR91">91</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR94">94</xref>]. Its contribution to epilepsy is noteworthy, given that up to 65% of JE patients suffer from acute seizures and 13% have chronic epilepsy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR95">95</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR96">96</xref>]. Serological evidence of the virus exists in both pigs and humans throughout Lao PDR [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR92">92</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR97">97</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR99">99</xref>], but cross-reaction with other flaviviruses makes definitive diagnosis difficult [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR100">100</xref>].</p><p>Significant in rural settings, the mosquito vector breeds in rice fields, with a zoonotic transmission cycle maintained by pigs and ardeid wading birds [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR101">101</xref>]. Studies have shown a link between the proximity to irrigated rice fields and JE transmission, where the onset of the monsoon rain season sees prolific growth in the mosquito population [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR89">89</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR102">102</xref>]. Pigs are the primary amplifying hosts, given their high natural infection rate and a propensity for mosquitoes to feed on them, thus acting as maintenance hosts in endemic areas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR101">101</xref>]. During times of peak transmission, the close proximity of pigs and humans drives epidemic transmission to humans in a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the ‘spillover effect’. JE transmission is therefore multifactorial, driven by interactions between pigs, humans and the rural environment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR89">89</xref>].</p><p>b) <italic>Taenia solium</italic> cysticercosis: <italic>Taenia solium</italic> cysticercosis results from the ingestion of tapeworm eggs from contaminated environments, with encystment of the larval form in the CNS resulting in neurocysticercosis (NCC). Neurocysticercosis is a major cause of human epilepsy across Asia, with wide prevalence variations between different regions and socioeconomic groups [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR103">103</xref>]. Worldwide mortality due to NCC is estimated at about 50,000 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR104">104</xref>], with significant social and economic consequences for survivors as a result of chronic disability [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR105">105</xref>]. The latest GBD Study estimated that 503,000 (379,000–663,000) DALYs are lost globally due to cysticercosis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR59">59</xref>].</p><p>Reported prevalences of NCC in Lao PDR are limited, although there have been several historical case reports [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR106">106</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR110">110</xref>]. While <italic>T. solium</italic> taeniasis has been confirmed in Lao PDR, its relationship to epilepsy has not been fully elucidated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR109">109</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR111">111</xref>]. However, it has been suggested that NCC is a likely cause of epilepsy in areas with high human taeniasis prevalence [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR96">96</xref>]; Conlan et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR109">109</xref>] found a relatively high prevalence of cysticercosis in young children that corresponded with high taeniasis burdens in the same age group. Local customs regarding pork consumption and latrine usage play a major role in the persistence and spread of taeniasis and cysticercosis in endemic regions. This was evident in a recent cross-sectional survey conducted in northern Lao PDR where a high prevalence of taeniasis re-infection was observed where open defecation and uncooked pork consumption were common practices in a considerable proportion of the study population [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR109">109</xref>]. Poverty and religious beliefs have been shown to influence desire to discard cyst-infected meat or consume it uncooked, particularly during sacrificial ceremonies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR112">112</xref>].</p><p>c) <italic>Streptococcus suis</italic>: <italic>Streptococcus suis</italic> is a common bacterial infection that naturally inhabits the respiratory, genital and alimentary tracts of pigs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR113">113</xref>]. High pig densities and frequent consumption of raw or undercooked pork means over 50% of global <italic>S. suis</italic> cases occur in Asia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR114">114</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR116">116</xref>]. The lack of understanding of the epidemiological situation in Southeast Asia is a significant concern, particularly since antimicrobial drug resistance has emerged in Vietnam [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR113">113</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR117">117</xref>].</p><p>Recognised as a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia in humans, <italic>S. suis</italic> manifests as septicaemia, endocarditis and acute meningitis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR113">113</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR117">117</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR121">121</xref>]. Survivors are often left with neurological sequelae, with mortality reported in 2.6–20% of cases, usually as a result of septic shock [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR113">113</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR119">119</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR120">120</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR122">122</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR124">124</xref>].</p><p><italic>S. suis</italic> is commonly found in Southeast Asian communities that consume raw or undercooked pork, including blood and viscera. Whilst no prevalence data exists on <italic>S. suis</italic> infections in Lao PDR, food-consumption practices in parts of the country are similar to Vietnam and Thailand, where the disease has been reported [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR94">94</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR119">119</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR120">120</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR125">125</xref>]. Alcohol consumption has also been suggested as a potential risk factor [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR119">119</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR124">124</xref>]. Similarly to leptospirosis and JE<italic>, S. suis</italic> seems to be common during the wet season, with some suggestion that weather-induced stress precipitates the infection in pigs, leading to human spillover [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR119">119</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR124">124</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR126">126</xref>]. Those in close or direct contact with pigs or unprocessed pig products, particularly during slaughter, are at particularly high risk [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR118">118</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR119">119</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR126">126</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="Sec7"><title>Common practices that can significantly impact transmission of these diseases</title><sec id="Sec8"><title>Pig rearing, slaughter and pork consumption</title><p>Like many countries across the world, pigs play an important socioeconomic role in Lao PDR, central to traditional ceremonies and income generation for smallholder farmers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>]. Because of poverty, lack of market access and relatively high risks of pig loss due to disease outbreaks, existing pig production systems in much of the country are traditional and with low investment. Understanding pig production, slaughter and consumption practices is critical to identifying and minimising the risks to producers, traders, butchers and others working closely with pigs who have a high risk of exposure to these zoonoses. Additionally, identifying and understanding supply chain networks and cross-border trading points is important to the development of sustainable and robust disease surveillance and monitoring systems.</p><p>Choudhury et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR46">46</xref>] highlighted the importance of understanding the sociocultural beliefs and practices of the Lao people, contextualised within cross-border trade risks and the resulting economic burdens of zoonotic disease in pigs. For example, the frequent cross-border trade with Vietnam in the north of Lao PDR, coupled with a cultural propensity for raw pork consumption, highlights the potential for the circulation of diseases such as <italic>T. solium, Trichinella</italic> and <italic>S. suis</italic> between the two countries. Ethnicity, culture and religion play an important role in influencing the type of food eaten and how it is prepared. The consumption of raw pork (‘<italic>lap-mou</italic>’), blood and offal products poses a risk of transmission of a variety of zoonotic diseases, including <italic>Trichinella</italic>, <italic>T. solium</italic> and HEV. Tran et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>] found raw meat consumption was practiced by about 30% of epilepsy patients in central Lao PDR, indicating <italic>T. solium</italic> NCC may be the primary cause. An understanding of the different food preparation and consumption rituals amongst the numerous and diverse ethnic groups in Lao PDR could help develop culturally acceptable interventions and impact on the zoonotic disease burden [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR46">46</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR109">109</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR111">111</xref>].</p><p>The rise in demand for pork and pork products can overwhelm national public health systems, leading to an increased risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens through contact or consumption of meat from informal market chains [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR118">118</xref>]. Poor meat inspection is a documented risk factor for transmission of these zoonoses, particularly in poor rural areas, and slaughterhouse data within Lao PDR is notably limited [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR50">50</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR127">127</xref>]. Improper slaughter can result in contamination of pork meat, thus increasing the risk of infection to workers and consumers of pig-associated zoonoses such as brucellosis, Q fever, leptospirosis, HEV and <italic>S. suis</italic>. Occupational exposure has been implicated in deaths from <italic>S. suis</italic> in Thailand, Vietnam and China [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR117">117</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR120">120</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR121">121</xref>]. Despite this, access to protective equipment when handling raw pork products is limited in many rural communities and slaughter points in Lao PDR (personal observations A L Okello, S D Blacksell). Whilst changing consumption practices may not be possible, the impact of improved meat inspection regulations, hygiene practices at pork processing facilities, and community education programmes related to food safety, pig management and pork handling practices could have significant impact on the level of disease transmission from pigs to humans.</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec9"><title>Water, hygiene and sanitation</title><p>Leptospirosis, HEV, <italic>Taenia solium</italic> and Japanese encephalitis are all implicated in rural areas suffering from poor sanitation and wet season flooding, with the 2005 National Population and Housing Census indicating that less than 20% and approximately 50% of people in northern Lao PDR had access to clean water and sanitation, respectively [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>]. The mountainous northern part of the country in particular suffers from a lack of social and economic development given the limited transportation of commodities, communication and other exchanges [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR128">128</xref>].</p><p>Kawaguchi et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR129">129</xref>] found an association between leptospirosis and a history of recent flooding; interestingly the risk was higher in women. Similar to HEV, waterborne exposure to leptospires is greater in rural areas, given the reliance on natural water sources for drinking and bathing purposes. Recent studies in Lao PDR have also found cultural influences on attitudes to open defecation, and that ownership of a latrine does not always denote its use [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR130">130</xref>]. In addition, gender differences in latrine use and handwashing practices have translated into differences in worm burdens between males and females in parts of the country [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR130">130</xref>]. As Bardosh et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR112">112</xref>] describes, the social acceptability of open defecation, especially among males, lessens the desire for latrines.</p></sec><sec id="Sec10"><title>Sociocultural perspectives</title><p>Published information on the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of people regarding pig zoonoses and their risk factors for transmission is extremely limited, both in Lao PDR and the broader Southeast Asia region. Vertical control programmes involving chemotherapy and health education are often implemented without comprehension and consideration of community beliefs and perceptions, resulting in high re-infection rates [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR104">104</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR130">130</xref>]. In Lao PDR, studies have found that some ethnicities have an aversion to taking therapeutics if not deemed ‘sick’, impacting the efficacy of prevention programmes such as mass drug administration (MDA) for parasite control [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR112">112</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR131">131</xref>]. Common misconceptions about the underlying causes of disease symptoms also exist in Lao PDR, including amongst healthcare workers. Epilepsy associated with <italic>T. solium</italic> is a good example, with common beliefs including that the condition is contagious, transmitted through routine activities such as sharing meals or has supernatural origins [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR131">131</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR133">133</xref>]. Where such beliefs are circulating, control and advocacy of these zoonoses will be even more difficult.</p><p>The recruitment and compliance of study participants in Lao PDR also varies depending on which ethnic group they belong to [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR109">109</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR111">111</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR112">112</xref>]. For instance, some ethnic groups have an aversion to giving blood and are embarrassed by giving faecal samples. This can impact the likelihood of their participation in prevalence surveys, and their understanding of risk and propensity to seek treatment, ultimately leading to underreporting. The benefits of transdisciplinary research approaches in order to understand the underlining sociocultural determinants of health, and to thereby develop culturally appropriate interventions, cannot be emphasised enough.</p></sec><sec id="Sec11"><title>Healthcare access and health-seeking behaviours in Lao PDR</title><p>Health-related outcomes in Lao PDR remain among the poorest in Southeast Asia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>]. Much of the country is rural, with people scattered in mountainous, hard-to-reach areas, thereby impacting accessibility to basic healthcare facilities [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>]. Acute diarrhoea, respiratory infections, parasites and vaccine-preventable diseases remain major causes of morbidity and mortality, further compromised by overarching development issues such as inadequate sanitation, poor nutrition and under-resourced healthcare facilities [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>]. Complicating disease surveillance and control is the limited diagnostic capacity in Lao PDR, particularly outside Vientiane. Provincial healthcare workers rely on symptomatic treatments for commonly presenting syndromes such as fever, neurological signs and jaundice. The lack of definitive diagnoses further impacts on the accuracy of prevalence data.</p><p>Ethnicity, culture and religion play important roles in influencing health-seeking behaviours in Lao PDR. Government health expenditure remains relatively low, with recent figures at less than 1% of the country’s GDP [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR134">134</xref>]. With a strong vertical approach to health service delivery and heavy reliance on development partner funding, Lao PDR has a government-run public system that is significantly underutilised, particularly in rural areas. Where development agency subsidies do not exist, health expenditure is covered by out-of-pocket payments, placing many households at further risk of poverty if illness occurs. As ability to pay and distance to a healthcare provider are often major barriers, self-medication is common practice in Lao PDR [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR135">135</xref>]. For this reason, the role of ethnicity, culture and religion in influencing health-seeking behaviours is important to understand. For example, health is commonly associated with spiritual balance as opposed to factors surrounding nutrition, hygiene and healthcare practices [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR136">136</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR137">137</xref>]. Some, including healthcare workers, also believe that traditional medicine offers the possibility of cure where modern medicine cannot [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR138">138</xref>]. The general beliefs and perceptions surrounding health, a high illiteracy rate and difficulties in access to health services further aggravate the already low level of healthcare utilisation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR136">136</xref>]. Traditional medicine receives strong support from both citizens and the government of Lao PDR. Reasons for its use include perceived efficacy, cultural acceptance, minimal side effects, accessibility and lower cost in comparison to modern medicine [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR138">138</xref>]. Lao PDR’s government has expressed commitment to health system strengthening, as stated in the goals of the Ministry of Health’s 7<sup>th</sup> Five-Year National Health Sector Development Plan (2011–2015).</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec12" sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title><p>As a considerable proportion of the population in Lao PDR relies on smallholder pig production for its economic survival and sociocultural role, pig-associated zoonoses can greatly impact livelihoods both directly through production losses, and indirectly through costs incurred through treatment and lost work opportunities. There is a strong need for collaborative research, more robust diagnostic technologies and a greater understanding of the sociocultural determinants of health within the various ethnicities of Lao PDR and the wider Southeast Asian region more generally. A drive to better integrate transdisciplinary human and animal health approaches under the One Health approach would not only increase the cost effectiveness of disease prevention and control, but also improve the efficiency of disease surveillance and response, thus strengthening veterinary and human health systems as a whole. By highlighting the potential for misdiagnosis and underreporting of many pig-associated zoonoses, this review contributes valuable evidence to suggest that the current World Health Organization (WHO) list of neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) could be expanded to include several zoonoses pertaining to the important role of smallholder pig production in Asia, for example <italic>Streptococcus suis,</italic> Japanese encephalitis and hepatitis E virus.</p></sec><sec id="Sec13"><title>Endnotes</title><p><sup>a</sup>Causes of meningitis other than pneumococcal meningitis, <italic>H. influenzae</italic> type B meningitis and meningococcal infection.</p></sec><sec id="Sec14"><title>Authors’ information</title><p>SB is a doctoral candidate at the University of Edinburgh, researching human and animal health systems in Lao PDR. ALO is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Edinburgh currently managing an Australian government-funded pig zoonoses project in Lao PDR. BK is a medical doctor at the Lao Ministry of Health Department for Communicable Disease Control (DCDC). PI is the Deputy Director of the National Animal Health Laboratory (NAHL) in the Lao PDR Department of Livestock and Fisheries. JG is both a medical doctor and veterinarian with significant experience in managing zoonoses control and research programmes in the Asia region. SDB is a senior scientist at the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit in Bangkok, with extensive research experience in pig zoonoses in Lao PDR. JA is regional programme manager at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), a managing agent for the One Health Smallholder Pig Systems Project (SPSP), which conducted the research. SCW is the Director of the Global Health Academy and Assistant Principal for Global Health at the University of Edinburgh.</p></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material"><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><sec id="Sec15"><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="MOESM1"><media xlink:href="40249_2014_100_MOESM1_ESM.pdf"><caption><p>Additional file 1:
<bold>Multilingual abstracts in the six official working languages of the United Nations.</bold>(PDF 296 KB)</p></caption></media></supplementary-material></sec></sec></body><back><glossary><title>Abbreviations</title><def-list><def-item><term>CFR</term><def><p>Case fatality rate</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>CNS</term><def><p>Central nervous system</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>DALY</term><def><p>Disability-adjusted life years</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>GBD</term><def><p>Global burden of disease</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>HEV</term><def><p>Hepatitis E virus</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>JE</term><def><p>Japanese encephalitis</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>NCC</term><def><p>Neurocysticercosis</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>NZD</term><def><p>Neglected zoonotic disease</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>PDR</term><def><p>People’s democratic republic</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>WHO</term><def><p>World health organization.</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><fn-group><fn><p><bold>Competing interests</bold></p><p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p></fn><fn><p><bold>Authors’ contributions</bold></p><p>SB and ALO conceived the study design. SB did the literature review and analysis. SB and ALO wrote the paper. All authors had an input on the final paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p></fn></fn-group><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>This review is an output of the One Health Smallholder Pig Systems Project funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), grant AH2009/001 and AH2009/019). Stephanie Burniston is supported by the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and the Integrated Control of Neglected Zoonoses (ICONZ) Africa project. Stuart Blacksell is funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, United Kingdom.</p></ack><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>The World Bank</collab></person-group><source>World Development Indicators - Country data-Lao PDR</source><year>2014</year><publisher-loc>World Dev</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Indic database</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR2"><label>2.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><source>WHO Country Cooperation Strategy for the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 2012–2015</source><year>2011</year><publisher-loc>Manila</publisher-loc><publisher-name>WHO</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR3"><label>3.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>ADB</collab></person-group><source>Country Strategy and Program: Lao People’s Democratic Republic 2007–2011</source><year>2006</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR4"><label>4.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO, Lao PDR Ministry of Health</collab></person-group><source>Lao PDR Health Service Delivery Profile</source><year>2012</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR5"><label>5.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Lao PDR Government</collab></person-group><source>Lao PDR Population Census</source><year>2005</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR6"><label>6.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Conlan</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Vongxay</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Jarman</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name><name><surname>Gibbons</surname><given-names>RV</given-names></name><name><surname>Lunt</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name><name><surname>Fenwick</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in Laos</article-title><source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2012</year><volume>86</volume><fpage>1077</fpage><lpage>1084</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22665622</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR7"><label>7.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Huynh</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Aarnink</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Drucker</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Verstegen</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Pig Production in Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, and Vietnam : A Review</article-title><source>Asian J Agric Dev</source><year>2006</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>90</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR8"><label>8.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Conlan</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Khounsy</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Inthavong</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Fenwick</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Blacksell</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Thompson</surname><given-names>RCA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A review of taeniasis and cysticercosis in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic</article-title><source>Parasitol Int</source><year>2008</year><volume>57</volume><fpage>252</fpage><lpage>255</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18501666</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR9"><label>9.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>FAO</collab></person-group><source>FAOSTAT: Live animals</source><year>2010</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR10"><label>10.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>FAO</collab></person-group><source>FAOSTAT: Livestock primary</source><year>2010</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR11"><label>11.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Suttinont</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Losuwanaluk</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Niwatayakul</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoontrakul</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Intaranongpai</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Silpasakorn</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Causes of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in rural Thailand: results of a prospective observational study</article-title><source>Ann Trop Med Parasitol</source><year>2006</year><volume>100</volume><fpage>363</fpage><lpage>370</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16762116</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR12"><label>12.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Acestor</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Cooksey</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Newton</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name><name><surname>Ménard</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Guerin</surname><given-names>PJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakagawa</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Mapping the aetiology of non-malarial febrile illness in Southeast Asia through a systematic review–terra incognita impairing treatment policies</article-title><source>PLoS One</source><year>2012</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>e44269</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22970193</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR13"><label>13.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname><given-names>LJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Newton</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name><name><surname>Maude</surname><given-names>RJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Pan-ngum</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Fried</surname><given-names>JR</given-names></name><name><surname>Mayxay</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Defining disease heterogeneity to guide the empirical treatment of febrile illness in resource poor settings</article-title><source>PLoS One</source><year>2012</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>e44545</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23028559</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR14"><label>14.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mayxay</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Castonguay-Vanier</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Chansamouth</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Dubot-Pérès</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Paris</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Phetsouvanh</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Causes of non-malarial fever in Laos: a prospective study</article-title><source>Lancet Glob Heal</source><year>2013</year><volume>1</volume><fpage>e46</fpage><lpage>e54</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR15"><label>15.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dean</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name><name><surname>Crump</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Greter</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Hattendorf</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Schelling</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Zinsstag</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical manifestations of human brucellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title><source>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</source><year>2012</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>e1929</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23236528</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR16"><label>16.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Perry</surname><given-names>BD</given-names></name><name><surname>Randolph</surname><given-names>TF</given-names></name><name><surname>Mcdermott</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Sones</surname><given-names>KR</given-names></name><name><surname>Thornton</surname><given-names>PK</given-names></name></person-group><source>Investing in Animal Health Research to Alleviate Poverty</source><year>2002</year><publisher-loc>Kenya</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Nairobi</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR17"><label>17.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zinsstag</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Schelling</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Roth</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Bonfoh</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>de Savigny</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Tanner</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Human benefits of animal interventions for zoonosis control</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2007</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>527</fpage><lpage>531</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17553265</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR18"><label>18.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Manosuthi</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Thummakul</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Vibhagool</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Vorachit</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Malathum</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Case Report Brucellosis: A Re-emerging Disease in Thailand</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>2004</year><volume>35</volume><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15272752</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR19"><label>19.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ekpanyaskul</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Santiwattanakul</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Tantisiriwat</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Buppanharun</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Factors associated with seropositive antibodies to Brucella melitensis in the Nakhon Nayok, Thailand</article-title><source>J Med Assoc Thai</source><year>2012</year><volume>95</volume><issue>Suppl 1</issue><fpage>S40</fpage><lpage>S46</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23513464</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR20"><label>20.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhong</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>X</given-names></name><name><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Human brucellosis in the People’s Republic of China during 2005–2010</article-title><source>Int J Infect Dis</source><year>2013</year><volume>17</volume><fpage>e289</fpage><lpage>e292</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23462301</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR21"><label>21.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dean</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name><name><surname>Crump</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Greter</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Schelling</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Zinsstag</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Global burden of human brucellosis: a systematic review of disease frequency</article-title><source>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</source><year>2012</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>e1865</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23145195</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR22"><label>22.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Corbel</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group><source>Brucellosis in humans and animals</source><year>2006</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR23"><label>23.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guerrier</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Daronat</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>Morisse</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Yvon</surname><given-names>JF</given-names></name><name><surname>Pappas</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human Brucella suis infection in Polynesia</article-title><source>Epidemiol Infect</source><year>2011</year><volume>139</volume><fpage>1621</fpage><lpage>1625</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21733252</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR24"><label>24.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mukhtar</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Kokab</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Brucella serology in abattoir workers</article-title><source>J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad</source><year>2008</year><volume>20</volume><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19610518</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR25"><label>25.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Smits</surname><given-names>HL</given-names></name><name><surname>Basahi</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name><name><surname>Diaz</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Marrodan</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Douglas</surname><given-names>JT</given-names></name><name><surname>Rocha</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Development and evaluation of a rapid dipstick assay for serodiagnosis of acute human brucellosis</article-title><source>J Clin Microbiol</source><year>1999</year><volume>37</volume><fpage>4179</fpage><lpage>4182</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10565959</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR26"><label>26.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pappas</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Akritidis</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Bosilkovski</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsianos</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Brucellosis</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><year>2005</year><volume>352</volume><fpage>2325</fpage><lpage>2336</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15930423</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR27"><label>27.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lopes</surname><given-names>LB</given-names></name><name><surname>Nicolino</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Haddad</surname><given-names>JPA</given-names></name></person-group><source>Brucellosis - Risk Factors and Prevalence/: A Review</source><year>2010</year><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>84</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR28"><label>28.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carcopino</surname><given-names>X</given-names></name><name><surname>Raoult</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Bretelle</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Boubli</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Stein</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Q Fever during pregnancy: a cause of poor fetal and maternal outcome</article-title><source>Ann N Y Acad Sci</source><year>2009</year><volume>1166</volume><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19538266</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR29"><label>29.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van den Brom</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Schimmer</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Schneeberger</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name><name><surname>Swart</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>van der Hoek</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Vellema</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Seroepidemiological survey for Coxiella burnetii antibodies and associated risk factors in Dutch livestock veterinarians</article-title><source>PLoS One</source><year>2013</year><volume>8</volume><fpage>e54021</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23342063</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR30"><label>30.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schimmer</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Schotten</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>van Engelen</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Hautvast</surname><given-names>JL</given-names></name><name><surname>Schneeberger</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name><name><surname>van Duijnhoven</surname><given-names>YTHP</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence and risk for humans on dairy cattle farms, the Netherlands, 2010–2011</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2014</year><volume>20</volume><fpage>417</fpage><lpage>425</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24572637</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR31"><label>31.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Whitney Ea</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Massung</surname><given-names>RF</given-names></name><name><surname>Candee</surname><given-names>AJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Ailes</surname><given-names>EC</given-names></name><name><surname>Myers</surname><given-names>LM</given-names></name><name><surname>Patterson</surname><given-names>NE</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Seroepidemiologic and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii antibodies among US veterinarians</article-title><source>Clin Infect Dis</source><year>2009</year><volume>48</volume><fpage>550</fpage><lpage>557</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19191638</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR32"><label>32.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roest</surname><given-names>HIJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Bossers</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>van Zijderveld</surname><given-names>FG</given-names></name><name><surname>Rebel</surname><given-names>JML</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical microbiology of Coxiella burnetii and relevant aspects for the diagnosis and control of the zoonotic disease Q fever</article-title><source>Vet Q</source><year>2013</year><volume>33</volume><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>160</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24161079</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR33"><label>33.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Munster</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>Leenders</surname><given-names>ACP</given-names></name><name><surname>van der Hoek</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Schneeberger</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name><name><surname>Rietveld</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Riphagen-Dalhuisen</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Cost-effectiveness of a screening strategy for Q fever among pregnant women in risk areas: a clustered randomized controlled trial</article-title><source>BMC Womens Health</source><year>2010</year><volume>10</volume><fpage>32</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21040534</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR34"><label>34.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roest</surname><given-names>HIJ</given-names></name><name><surname>van Solt</surname><given-names>CB</given-names></name><name><surname>Tilburg</surname><given-names>JJHC</given-names></name><name><surname>Klaassen</surname><given-names>CHW</given-names></name><name><surname>Hovius</surname><given-names>EK</given-names></name><name><surname>Roest</surname><given-names>FTF</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Search for possible additional reservoirs for human Q fever, The Netherlands</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2013</year><volume>19</volume><fpage>834</fpage><lpage>835</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23697680</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR35"><label>35.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denman</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Woods</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Acute Q fever in pregnancy: report and literature review</article-title><source>Intern Med J</source><year>2009</year><volume>39</volume><fpage>479</fpage><lpage>481</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19664158</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR36"><label>36.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vongxay</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Conlan</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Khounsy</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Dorny</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Fenwick</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Blacksell</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Seroprevalence of major bovine-associated zoonotic infectious diseases in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic</article-title><source>Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis</source><year>2012</year><volume>12</volume><fpage>861</fpage><lpage>866</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22651388</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR37"><label>37.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kwak</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Hwang</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>J-H</given-names></name><name><surname>Hwang</surname><given-names>KJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Gwack</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Epidemiological characteristics of serologically confirmed q Fever cases in South Korea, 2006–2011</article-title><source>Osong public Heal Res Perspect</source><year>2013</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>8</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR38"><label>38.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tay</surname><given-names>ST</given-names></name><name><surname>Ho</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name><name><surname>Rohani</surname><given-names>MY</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Serological findings of Coxiella burnetii infection among patients with fevers in a health centre in Sarawak, Malaysia</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>1998</year><volume>29</volume><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9740277</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR39"><label>39.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Suputtamongkol</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Rolain</surname><given-names>J-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Losuwanaruk</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Niwatayakul</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Suttinont</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Chierakul</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Q Fever in Thailand</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2003</year><volume>9</volume><fpage>1186</fpage><lpage>1188</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14531384</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR40"><label>40.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Tong</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Q</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Detection of viruses and atypical bacteria associated with acute respiratory infection of children in Hubei, China</article-title><source>Respirology</source><year>2014</year><volume>19</volume><fpage>218</fpage><lpage>224</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24251768</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR41"><label>41.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dupouy-Camet</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Trichinellosis: a worldwide zoonosis</article-title><source>Vet Parasitol</source><year>2000</year><volume>93</volume><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11099837</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR42"><label>42.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Takahashi</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Mingyuan</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Waikagul</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiology of trichinellosis in Asia and the Pacific Rim</article-title><source>Vet Parasitol</source><year>2000</year><volume>93</volume><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>239</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11099839</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR43"><label>43.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Conlan</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Sripa</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Attwood</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Newton</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A review of parasitic zoonoses in a changing Southeast Asia</article-title><source>Vet Parasitol</source><year>2011</year><volume>182</volume><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21846580</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR44"><label>44.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pozio</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoberg</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>La Rosa</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Zarlenga</surname><given-names>DS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Molecular taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of nematodes belonging to the Trichinella genus</article-title><source>Infect Genet Evol J Mol Epidemiol Evol Genet Infect Dis:</source><year>2009</year><volume>9</volume><fpage>606</fpage><lpage>616</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR45"><label>45.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pozio</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>World distribution of Trichinella spp. infections in animals and humans</article-title><source>Vet Parasitol</source><year>2007</year><volume>149</volume><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17689195</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR46"><label>46.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Choudhury</surname><given-names>AAK</given-names></name><name><surname>Conlan</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Racloz</surname><given-names>VN</given-names></name><name><surname>Reid</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name><name><surname>Blacksell</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name><name><surname>Fenwick</surname><given-names>SG</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>The Economic Impact of Pig-Associated Parasitic Zoonosis in Northern Lao PDR</article-title><source>Ecohealth</source><year>2013</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR47"><label>47.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barennes</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Sayasone</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>De Bruyne</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Hongsakhone</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Newton</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A major trichinellosis outbreak suggesting a high endemicity of Trichinella infection in northern Laos</article-title><source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2008</year><volume>78</volume><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18187783</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR48"><label>48.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sayasone</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Vongphrachanh</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Keoluangkot</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Dupouy-Camet</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Newton</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A trichinellosis outbreak in Borikhamxay Province, Lao PDR</article-title><source>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2006</year><volume>100</volume><fpage>1126</fpage><lpage>1129</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16723144</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR49"><label>49.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Suwansrinon</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Wilde</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Burford</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Hanvesakul</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Sitprija</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Human trichinellosis from Laos</article-title><source>J Travel Med</source><year>2007</year><volume>14</volume><fpage>274</fpage><lpage>277</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17617851</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR50"><label>50.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Taybouavone</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Hai</surname><given-names>TN</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Keoluangkhot</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Delanos-Gregoire</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Dupouy-Camet</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Trichinellosis during pregnancy: a case control study in the Lao Peoples’ Democratic Republic</article-title><source>Vet Parasitol</source><year>2009</year><volume>159</volume><fpage>332</fpage><lpage>336</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19041179</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR51"><label>51.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khumjui</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Choomkasien</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Dekumyoy</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Kusolsuk</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Kongkaew</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Chalamaat</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella papuae, Thailand, 2006</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2008</year><volume>14</volume><fpage>1913</fpage><lpage>1915</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19046519</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR52"><label>52.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>WRJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Tran</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>TQ</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Dang</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>VK</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>CT</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Acute febrile myalgia in Vietnam due to trichinellosis following the consumption of raw pork</article-title><source>Clin Infect Dis</source><year>2009</year><volume>49</volume><fpage>e79</fpage><lpage>e83</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19712034</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR53"><label>53.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gajadhar</surname><given-names>AA</given-names></name><name><surname>Pozio</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Gamble</surname><given-names>HR</given-names></name><name><surname>Nöckler</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Maddox-Hyttel</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Forbes</surname><given-names>LB</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Trichinella diagnostics and control: mandatory and best practices for ensuring food safety</article-title><source>Vet Parasitol</source><year>2009</year><volume>159</volume><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19108955</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR54"><label>54.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vu Thi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Dorny</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>La Rosa</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>To Long</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Nguyen</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Pozio</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>High prevalence of anti-Trichinella IgG in domestic pigs of the Son La province, Vietnam</article-title><source>Vet Parasitol</source><year>2010</year><volume>168</volume><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19962244</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR55"><label>55.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Boireau</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Trichinellosis in China: epidemiology and control</article-title><source>Trends Parasitol</source><year>2002</year><volume>18</volume><fpage>553</fpage><lpage>556</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12482541</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR56"><label>56.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pozio</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Murrell</surname><given-names>KD</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Systematics and epidemiology of Trichinella</article-title><source>Adv Parasitol</source><year>2006</year><volume>63</volume><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>439</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17134656</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR57"><label>57.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Macpherson</surname><given-names>CNL</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Human behaviour and the epidemiology of parasitic zoonoses</article-title><source>Int J Parasitol</source><year>2005</year><volume>35</volume><fpage>1319</fpage><lpage>1331</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16102769</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR58"><label>58.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lozano</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Naghavi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Foreman</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Shibuya</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Aboyans</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2012</year><volume>380</volume><fpage>2095</fpage><lpage>2128</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23245604</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR59"><label>59.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>CJL</given-names></name><name><surname>Vos</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Lozano</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Naghavi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Flaxman</surname><given-names>AD</given-names></name><name><surname>Michaud</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2012</year><volume>380</volume><fpage>2197</fpage><lpage>2223</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23245608</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR60"><label>60.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bounlu</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Insisiengmay</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Vanthanouvong</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Saykham</surname><given-names>WS</given-names></name><name><surname>Iinuma</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Matsubayashi</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Acute Jaundice in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic</article-title><source>Clin Infect Dis</source><year>1998</year><volume>27</volume><fpage>717</fpage><lpage>721</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9798023</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR61"><label>61.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Syhavong</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Rasachack</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Smythe</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Rolain</surname><given-names>J-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Roque-Afonso</surname><given-names>A-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Jenjaroen</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>The infective causes of hepatitis and jaundice amongst hospitalised patients in Vientiane, Laos</article-title><source>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2010</year><volume>104</volume><fpage>475</fpage><lpage>483</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20378138</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR62"><label>62.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Libraty</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Myint</surname><given-names>KS</given-names></name><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>CK</given-names></name><name><surname>Gibbons</surname><given-names>RV</given-names></name><name><surname>Mammen</surname><given-names>MP</given-names></name><name><surname>Endy</surname><given-names>TP</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><source>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</source><year>2007</year><fpage>e111</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR63"><label>63.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Laras</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Cao</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Bounlu</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>TKT</given-names></name><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>JG</given-names></name><name><surname>Thongchanh</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia</article-title><source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2002</year><volume>67</volume><fpage>278</fpage><lpage>286</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12408667</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR64"><label>64.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pradutkanchana</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Pradutkanchana</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kemapanmanus</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Wuthipum</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Silpapojakul</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The Etiology of Acute Pyrexia of Unknown Origin in Children After a Flood</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>2003</year><volume>34</volume><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12971532</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR65"><label>65.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hartskeerl</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Leptospirosis: Current Status and Future Trends</article-title><source>Indian J Med Microbiol</source><year>2006</year><volume>Supplements</volume><fpage>309</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17185862</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR66"><label>66.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vke</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Leptospirosis: a re-emerging infection</article-title><source>Malays J Pathol</source><year>2011</year><volume>33</volume><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>5</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21874744</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR67"><label>67.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pappas</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Papadimitriou</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Siozopoulou</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Christou</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Akritidis</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends</article-title><source>Int J Infect Dis</source><year>2008</year><volume>12</volume><fpage>351</fpage><lpage>357</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18055245</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR68"><label>68.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tilahun</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Reta</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Simenew</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Global Epidemiological Overview of Leptospirosis</article-title><source>Int J Microbiol Res</source><year>2013</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>15</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR69"><label>69.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Faine</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Adler</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Bolin</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Perolat</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><source>Leptospira and leptospirosis</source><year>1999</year><edition>2</edition><publisher-loc>Melbourne, Australia</publisher-loc><publisher-name>MediSci</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR70"><label>70.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Phimda</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoontrakul</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Suttinont</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Chareonwat</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Losuwanaluk</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Chueasuwanchai</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Doxycycline versus azithromycin for treatment of leptospirosis and scrub typhus</article-title><source>Antimicrob Agents Chemother</source><year>2007</year><volume>51</volume><fpage>3259</fpage><lpage>3263</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17638700</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR71"><label>71.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Niwetpathomwat</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Luengyosluechakul</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Geawduanglek</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A Serological Investigation of Leptospirosis in sows from Central Thailand</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>2006</year><volume>37</volume><fpage>716</fpage><lpage>719</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17121297</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR72"><label>72.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boqvist</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Ho Thi</surname><given-names>VT</given-names></name><name><surname>Magnusson</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Annual variations in Leptospira seroprevalence among sows in southern Vietnam</article-title><source>Trop Anim Health Prod</source><year>2005</year><volume>37</volume><fpage>443</fpage><lpage>449</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16248215</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR73"><label>73.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boqvist</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Montgomery</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Hurst</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Thu</surname><given-names>HTV</given-names></name><name><surname>Engvall</surname><given-names>EO</given-names></name><name><surname>Gunnarsson</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Leptospira in slaughtered fattening pigs in southern Vietnam: presence of the bacteria in the kidneys and association with morphological findings</article-title><source>Vet Microbiol</source><year>2003</year><volume>93</volume><fpage>361</fpage><lpage>368</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12713897</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR74"><label>74.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boqvist</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Chau</surname><given-names>BL</given-names></name><name><surname>Gunnarsson</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Olsson Engvall</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Vågsholm</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Magnusson</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Animal- and herd-level risk factors for leptospiral seropositivity among sows in the Mekong delta, Vietnam</article-title><source>Prev Vet Med</source><year>2002</year><volume>53</volume><fpage>233</fpage><lpage>245</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11830296</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR75"><label>75.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boqvist</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Eliasson-Selling</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Bergström</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Magnusson</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The association between rainfall and seropositivity to Leptospira in outdoor reared pigs</article-title><source>Vet J</source><year>2012</year><volume>193</volume><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22227225</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR76"><label>76.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aggarwal</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Naik</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiology of hepatitis E: current status</article-title><source>J Gastroenterol Hepatol</source><year>2009</year><volume>24</volume><fpage>1484</fpage><lpage>1493</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19686410</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR77"><label>77.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Emerson</surname><given-names>SU</given-names></name><name><surname>Purcell</surname><given-names>RH</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hepatitis E virus</article-title><source>Rev Med Virol</source><year>2003</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12740830</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR78"><label>78.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hinjoy</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Nelson</surname><given-names>KE</given-names></name><name><surname>Gibbons</surname><given-names>RV</given-names></name><name><surname>Jarman</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name><name><surname>Mongkolsirichaikul</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Smithsuwan</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A Cross-Sectional Study of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Healthy People Directly Exposed and Unexposed to Pigs in a Rural Community in Northern Thailand</article-title><source>Zoonoses Public Health</source><year>2012</year><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>8</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR79"><label>79.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Drobeniuc</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Favorov</surname><given-names>MO</given-names></name><name><surname>Shapiro</surname><given-names>CN</given-names></name><name><surname>Bell</surname><given-names>BP</given-names></name><name><surname>Mast</surname><given-names>EE</given-names></name><name><surname>Dadu</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine</article-title><source>J Infect Dis</source><year>2001</year><volume>184</volume><fpage>1594</fpage><lpage>1597</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11740735</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR80"><label>80.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Corwin</surname><given-names>AL</given-names></name><name><surname>Tien</surname><given-names>NTK</given-names></name><name><surname>Bounlu</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Winarno</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Putri</surname><given-names>MP</given-names></name><name><surname>Laras</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>The unique riverine ecology of hepatitis E virus transmission in South-East Asia</article-title><source>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg</source><year>1999</year><volume>93</volume><fpage>255</fpage><lpage>260</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10492753</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR81"><label>81.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Conlan</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Jarman</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name><name><surname>Vongxay</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Chinnawirotpisan</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Melendrez</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name><name><surname>Fenwick</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Hepatitis E virus is prevalent in the pig population of Lao People’s Democratic Republic and evidence exists for homogeneity with Chinese Genotype 4 human isolates</article-title><source>Infect Genet Evol</source><year>2011</year><volume>11</volume><fpage>1306</fpage><lpage>1311</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21550423</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR82"><label>82.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meng</surname><given-names>XJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Wiseman</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Elvinger</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Guenette</surname><given-names>DK</given-names></name><name><surname>Toth</surname><given-names>TE</given-names></name><name><surname>Engle</surname><given-names>RE</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Veterinarians Working with Swine and in Normal Blood Donors in the United States and Other Countries</article-title><source>J Clin Microbiol</source><year>2002</year><volume>40</volume><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11773103</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR83"><label>83.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wibawa</surname><given-names>IDN</given-names></name><name><surname>Muljono</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Mulyanto</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Suryadarma</surname><given-names>IG</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsuda</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Takahashi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus among apparently healthy humans and pigs in Bali, Indonesia: Identification of a pig infected with a genotype 4 hepatitis E virus</article-title><source>J Med Virol</source><year>2004</year><volume>73</volume><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15042646</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR84"><label>84.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Blacksell</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name><name><surname>Myint</surname><given-names>KSA</given-names></name><name><surname>Khounsy</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Phruaravanh</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Mammen</surname><given-names>MP</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name><name><surname>Day</surname><given-names>NPJ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies in pigs: implications for human infections in village-based subsistence pig farming in the Lao PDR</article-title><source>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2007</year><volume>101</volume><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>307</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16919692</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR85"><label>85.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bouwknegt</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Frankena</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Rutjes</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name><name><surname>Wellenberg</surname><given-names>GJ</given-names></name><name><surname>de Roda Husman</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name><name><surname>van der Poel</surname><given-names>WHM</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Estimation of hepatitis E virus transmission among pigs due to contact-exposure</article-title><source>Vet Res</source><year>2008</year><volume>39</volume><fpage>11</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18096120</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR86"><label>86.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Balayan</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection</article-title><source>J Viral Hepat</source><year>1997</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>155</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9181524</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR87"><label>87.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>D-S</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Le</surname><given-names>T-O</given-names></name><name><surname>Huc</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Druet-Cabanac</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Barennes</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Prevalence of epilepsy in a rural district of central Lao PDR</article-title><source>Neuroepidemiology</source><year>2006</year><volume>26</volume><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16569936</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR88"><label>88.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Elliott</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Dittrich</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Paris</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Sengduanphachanh</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Phoumin</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Newton</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The use of dried cerebrospinal fluid filter paper spots as a substrate for PCR diagnosis of the aetiology of bacterial meningitis in the Lao PDR</article-title><source>Clin Microbiol Infect</source><year>2013</year><volume>19</volume><fpage>E466</fpage><lpage>E472</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23738720</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR89"><label>89.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Impoinvil</surname><given-names>DE</given-names></name><name><surname>Baylis</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Solomon</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Japanese Encephalitis: On the One Health Agenda</article-title><source>Curr Top Microbiol Immunol</source><year>2012</year><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>43</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR90"><label>90.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mathers</surname><given-names>CD</given-names></name><name><surname>Ezzati</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Lopez</surname><given-names>AD</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Measuring the burden of neglected tropical diseases: the global burden of disease framework</article-title><source>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</source><year>2007</year><volume>1</volume><fpage>e114</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18060077</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR91"><label>91.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Campbell</surname><given-names>GL</given-names></name><name><surname>Hills</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name><name><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobson</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoke</surname><given-names>CH</given-names></name><name><surname>Homback</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review</article-title><source>Bull World Health Organ</source><year>2011</year><volume>89</volume><fpage>766</fpage><lpage>774</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22084515</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR92"><label>92.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vallée</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Dubot-Pérès</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Ounaphom</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Sayavong</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Bryant</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name><name><surname>Gonzalez</surname><given-names>J-P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Spatial distribution and risk factors of dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus infection in urban settings: the case of Vientiane, Lao PDR</article-title><source>Trop Med Int Health</source><year>2009</year><volume>14</volume><fpage>1134</fpage><lpage>1142</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19563430</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR93"><label>93.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erlanger</surname><given-names>TE</given-names></name><name><surname>Weiss</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Keiser</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Utzinger</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Wiedenmayer</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Past, present, and future of Japanese encephalitis</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2009</year><volume>15</volume><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>7</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19116041</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR94"><label>94.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Trung</surname><given-names>NHD</given-names></name><name><surname>Le Thi Phuong</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Wolbers</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen Van Minh</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen Thanh</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Van</surname><given-names>MP</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Aetiologies of central nervous system infection in Viet Nam: a prospective provincial hospital-based descriptive surveillance study</article-title><source>PLoS One</source><year>2012</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>e37825</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22662232</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR95"><label>95.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Misra</surname><given-names>UK</given-names></name><name><surname>Kalita</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Progress in Neurobiology Overview : Japanese encephalitis</article-title><source>Prog Neurobiol</source><year>2010</year><volume>91</volume><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20132860</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR96"><label>96.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mac</surname><given-names>TL</given-names></name><name><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>D-S</given-names></name><name><surname>Quet</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Preux</surname><given-names>P-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>CT</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiology, aetiology, and clinical management of epilepsy in Asia: a systematic review</article-title><source>Lancet Neurol</source><year>2007</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>533</fpage><lpage>543</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17509488</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR97"><label>97.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hiscox</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Winter</surname><given-names>CH</given-names></name><name><surname>Vongphrachanh</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Sisouk</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Somoulay</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Phompida</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Serological investigations of flavivirus prevalence in Khammouane Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2007–2008</article-title><source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2010</year><volume>83</volume><fpage>1166</fpage><lpage>1169</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21036856</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR98"><label>98.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moore</surname><given-names>CE</given-names></name><name><surname>Blacksell</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name><name><surname>Taojaikong</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Jarman</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name><name><surname>Gibbons</surname><given-names>RV</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A prospective assessment of the accuracy of commercial IgM ELISAs in diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis virus infections in patients with suspected central nervous system infections in Laos</article-title><source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2012</year><volume>87</volume><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22764310</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR99"><label>99.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vongxay</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in Lao PDR</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>1995</year><volume>26</volume><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>30</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR100"><label>100.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>LOMWRU</collab></person-group><source>Mahosot Microbiology Review</source><year>2013</year><publisher-loc>Vientiane</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Lao PDR</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR101"><label>101.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van den Hurk</surname><given-names>AF</given-names></name><name><surname>Ritchie</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Mackenzie</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Ecology and geographical expansion of Japanese encephalitis virus</article-title><source>Annu Rev Entomol</source><year>2009</year><volume>54</volume><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19067628</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR102"><label>102.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Gibbons</surname><given-names>RV</given-names></name><name><surname>Kari</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Clemens</surname><given-names>JD</given-names></name><name><surname>Nisalak</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Marks</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Risk factors for Japanese encephalitis: a case–control study</article-title><source>Epidemiol Infect</source><year>2010</year><volume>138</volume><fpage>1292</fpage><lpage>1297</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20109262</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR103"><label>103.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rajshekhar</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Joshi</surname><given-names>DD</given-names></name><name><surname>Doanh</surname><given-names>NQ</given-names></name><name><surname>van De</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Xiaonong</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis in Asia: epidemiology, impact and issues</article-title><source>Acta Trop</source><year>2003</year><volume>87</volume><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12781378</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR104"><label>104.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Azim</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Dojki</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Ahmad</surname><given-names>SS</given-names></name><name><surname>Beg</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Role of Human Behaviour and Parasitic Diseases</article-title><source>Infect Dis J</source><year>2008</year><volume>17</volume><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>134</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR105"><label>105.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>García</surname><given-names>HH</given-names></name><name><surname>Gonzalez</surname><given-names>AE</given-names></name><name><surname>Evans</surname><given-names>CAW</given-names></name><name><surname>Gilman</surname><given-names>RH</given-names></name><name><surname>Working</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></person-group><source>Taenia Solium Cysticercosis</source><year>2003</year><fpage>547</fpage><lpage>556</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR106"><label>106.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Firemark</surname><given-names>HM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Spinal cysticercosis</article-title><source>Arch Neurol</source><year>1978</year><volume>35</volume><fpage>250</fpage><lpage>251</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">637764</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR107"><label>107.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Perry</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Font</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Cysticercosis of the Eyelid</article-title><source>Arch Ophthalmol</source><year>1978</year><volume>96</volume><fpage>1255</fpage><lpage>1257</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">666634</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR108"><label>108.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jeon</surname><given-names>H-K</given-names></name><name><surname>Yong</surname><given-names>T-S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sohn</surname><given-names>W-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>J-Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Min</surname><given-names>D-Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Rim</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Human neurocysticercosis case and an endemic focus of Taenia solium in Lao PDR</article-title><source>Korean J Parasitol</source><year>2013</year><volume>51</volume><fpage>599</fpage><lpage>602</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24327790</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR109"><label>109.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Conlan</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Vongxay</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Khamlome</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Dorny</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Sripa</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Elliot</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A cross-sectional study of Taenia solium in a multiple taeniid-endemic region reveals competition may be protective</article-title><source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2012</year><volume>87</volume><fpage>281</fpage><lpage>291</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22855759</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR110"><label>110.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Knezevic</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Fisher</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Sterrett</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Stokes</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Cysticercosis of the fourth ventricle. A classic presentation of an old scourge</article-title><source>Med J Aust</source><year>1983</year><volume>2</volume><fpage>670</fpage><lpage>671</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6669134</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR111"><label>111.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Okello</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Ash</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Keokhamphet</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Hobbs</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Khamlome</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Dorny</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Investigating a hyper-endemic focus of Taenia solium in northern Lao PDR</article-title><source>Parasit Vectors</source><year>2014</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>134</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24678662</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR112"><label>112.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bardosh</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Inthavong</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Xayaheuang</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Okello</surname><given-names>AL</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Controlling parasites, understanding practices: The biosocial complexity of a One Health intervention for neglected zoonotic helminths in northern Lao PDR</article-title><source>Soc Sci Med</source><year>2014</year><volume>120C</volume><fpage>215</fpage><lpage>223</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25261615</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR113"><label>113.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>An emerging/reemerging challenge of bacterial infectious diseases?</article-title><source>Streptococcus Suis Infection</source><year>2014</year><fpage>447</fpage><lpage>497</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR114"><label>114.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wertheim</surname><given-names>HFL</given-names></name><name><surname>Nghia</surname><given-names>HDT</given-names></name><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Schultsz</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Streptococcus suis: an emerging human pathogen</article-title><source>Clin Infect Dis</source><year>2009</year><volume>48</volume><fpage>617</fpage><lpage>625</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19191650</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR115"><label>115.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lun</surname><given-names>Z-R</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Q-P</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>X-G</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>A-X</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>X-Q</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen</article-title><source>Lancet Infect Dis</source><year>2007</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17317601</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR116"><label>116.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>S-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>B-H</given-names></name><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>K-H</given-names></name><name><surname>Nam</surname><given-names>T-S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>J-T</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>M-S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis: case report and review of the literature</article-title><source>J Clin Neurol</source><year>2012</year><volume>8</volume><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22523518</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR117"><label>117.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hoa</surname><given-names>NT</given-names></name><name><surname>Chieu</surname><given-names>TTB</given-names></name><name><surname>Nga</surname><given-names>TTT</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Dung</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Campbell</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Anh</surname><given-names>PH</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Slaughterhouse pigs are a major reservoir of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 capable of causing human infection in southern Vietnam</article-title><source>PLoS One</source><year>2011</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>e17943</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21464930</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR118"><label>118.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pappas</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Socio-economic, industrial and cultural parameters of pig-borne infections</article-title><source>Clin Microbiol Infect</source><year>2013</year><volume>19</volume><fpage>605</fpage><lpage>610</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23738656</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR119"><label>119.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Navacharoen</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Chantharochavong</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Hanprasertpong</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Kangsanarak</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Lekagul</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hearing and vestibular loss in Streptococcus suis infection from swine and traditional raw pork exposure in northern Thailand</article-title><source>J Laryngol Otol</source><year>2009</year><volume>123</volume><fpage>857</fpage><lpage>862</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19275779</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR120"><label>120.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wangsomboonsiri</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Luksananun</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Saksornchai</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Ketwong</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Sungkanuparph</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Streptococcus suis infection and risk factors for mortality</article-title><source>J Infect</source><year>2008</year><volume>57</volume><fpage>392</fpage><lpage>396</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18835496</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR121"><label>121.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Jing</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Human Streptococcus suis outbreak, Sichuan, China</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2006</year><volume>12</volume><fpage>914</fpage><lpage>920</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16707046</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR122"><label>122.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mai</surname><given-names>NTH</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoa</surname><given-names>NT</given-names></name><name><surname>Nga</surname><given-names>TVT</given-names></name><name><surname>Linh</surname><given-names>LD</given-names></name><name><surname>Chau</surname><given-names>TTH</given-names></name><name><surname>Sinh</surname><given-names>DX</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Streptococcus suis meningitis in adults in Vietnam</article-title><source>Clin Infect Dis</source><year>2008</year><volume>46</volume><fpage>659</fpage><lpage>667</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19413493</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR123"><label>123.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Takeuchi</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Kerdsin</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Pienpringam</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Loetthong</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Samerchea</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Luangsuk</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Population-Based Study of Streptococcus suis Infection in Humans in Phayao Province in Northern Thailand</article-title><source>PLoS One</source><year>2012</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR124"><label>124.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wertheim</surname><given-names>HFL</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>HN</given-names></name><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Lien</surname><given-names>TTM</given-names></name><name><surname>Ngo</surname><given-names>HT</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>TQ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Streptococcus suis, an important cause of adult bacterial meningitis in northern Vietnam</article-title><source>PLoS One</source><year>2009</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>e5973</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19543404</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR125"><label>125.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Padungtod</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Tharavichitkul</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Junya</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Chaisowong</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Kadohira</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Makino</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Incidence and presence of virulence factors of Streptococcus suis infection in slaughtered pigs from Chiang Mai, Thailand</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>2010</year><volume>41</volume><fpage>1454</fpage><lpage>1461</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21329323</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR126"><label>126.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Staats</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Feder</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Okwumabua</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Chengappa</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Streptococcus Suis: Past and Present</article-title><source>Vet Res Commun</source><year>1997</year><volume>21</volume><fpage>381</fpage><lpage>407</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9266659</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR127"><label>127.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Willingham</surname><given-names>A</given-names><suffix>III</suffix></name><name><surname>De</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Doanh</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>le Cong</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Dung</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Dorny</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Current status of cysticercosis in Vietnam</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>2003</year><volume>34</volume><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12971506</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR128"><label>128.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sayasone</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Mak</surname><given-names>TK</given-names></name><name><surname>Vanmany</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Rasphone</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Vounatsou</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Utzinger</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Helminth and intestinal protozoa infections, multiparasitism and risk factors in Champasack province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic</article-title><source>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</source><year>2011</year><volume>5</volume><fpage>e1037</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21532735</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR129"><label>129.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kawaguchi</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Sengkeopraseuth</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsuyuoka</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Koizumi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Akashi</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Vongphrachanh</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and risk factor analysis in flood-prone rural areas in Lao PDR</article-title><source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source><year>2008</year><volume>78</volume><fpage>957</fpage><lpage>961</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18541776</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR130"><label>130.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Phongluxa</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Xayaseng</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Vonghachack</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Akkhavong</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>van Eeuwijk</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Helminth infection in southern Laos: high prevalence and low awareness</article-title><source>Parasit Vectors</source><year>2013</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>328</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24499584</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR131"><label>131.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barennes</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Sengkhamyong</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Sambany</surname><given-names>EM</given-names></name><name><surname>Koffi</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name><name><surname>Chivorakul</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Empis</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Children’s access to treatment for epilepsy: experience from the Lao People's Democratic Republic</article-title><source>Arch Dis Child</source><year>2011</year><volume>96</volume><fpage>309</fpage><lpage>313</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20810400</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR132"><label>132.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>D-S</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Singphuoangphet</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Druet-Cabanac</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Preux</surname><given-names>P-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Strobel</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Epilepsy in Laos: knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the community</article-title><source>Epilepsy Behav</source><year>2007</year><volume>10</volume><fpage>565</fpage><lpage>570</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17446140</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR133"><label>133.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Harimanana</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Chivorakul</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Souvong</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Preux</surname><given-names>P-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Barennes</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Is insufficient knowledge of epilepsy the reason for low levels of healthcare in the Lao PDR?</article-title><source>BMC Health Serv Res</source><year>2013</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>41</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23379720</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR134"><label>134.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>The World Bank</collab></person-group><source>Out-of-pocket spending and health service utilization in Lao P.D.R. - Evidence from the Lao Expenditure and Consumption Surveys</source><year>2010</year><publisher-loc>Washington, DC</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Summary Report</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR135"><label>135.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sayasone</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Erlanger</surname><given-names>TE</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaul</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sananikhom</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Tanner</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Utzinger</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Perceived ill-health and health seeking behavior in two communities in the nam theun 2 hydroelectric project area in Lao People’s Democratic Republic</article-title><source>Asian Pac J Trop Med</source><year>2009</year><volume>2</volume><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>70</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR136"><label>136.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barennes</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Latthaphasavang</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Preux</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name><name><surname>Odermatt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epilepsy in Lao PDR : From research to treatment intervention</article-title><source>Neurol Asia</source><year>2008</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>31</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR137"><label>137.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shirayama</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Phompida</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kuroiwa</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Modern Medicine and Indigenous Health Beliefs: Malaria Control Alongside “Sadsana-Phee” (Animist Belief System) in Lao PDR</article-title><source>Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</source><year>2006</year><volume>37</volume><fpage>622</fpage><lpage>629</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17121285</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR138"><label>138.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sydara</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Gneunphonsavath</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Wahlström</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Freudenthal</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Houamboun</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Tomson</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Use of traditional medicine in Lao PDR</article-title><source>Complement Ther Med</source><year>2005</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16150374</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000D33 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000D33 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4430026
|texte= Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25973203" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |