Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma
Identifieur interne : 000796 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000795; suivant : 000797Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma
Auteurs : Ghislaine Scelo ; Mark P. Purdue ; Kevin M. Brown ; Mattias Johansson ; Zhaoming Wang ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow ; Yuanqing Ye ; Jonathan N. Hofmann ; Jiyeon Choi ; Matthieu Foll ; Valerie Gaborieau ; Mitchell J. Machiela ; Leandro M. Colli ; Peng Li ; Joshua N. Sampson ; Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani ; Celine Besse ; Helene Blanche ; Anne Boland ; Laurie Burdette ; Amelie Chabrier ; Geoffroy Durand ; Florence Le Calvez-Kelm ; Egor Prokhortchouk ; Nivonirina Robinot ; Konstantin G. Skryabin ; Magdalena B. Wozniak ; Meredith Yeager ; Gordana Basta-Jovanovic ; Zoran Dzamic ; Lenka Foretova ; Ivana Holcatova ; Vladimir Janout ; Dana Mates ; Anush Mukeriya ; Stefan Rascu ; David Zaridze ; Vladimir Bencko ; Cezary Cybulski ; Eleonora Fabianova ; Viorel Jinga ; Jolanta Lissowska ; Jan Lubinski ; Marie Navratilova ; Peter Rudnai ; Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska ; Simone Benhamou ; Geraldine Cancel-Tassin ; Olivier Cussenot ; Laura Baglietto ; Heiner Boeing ; Kay-Tee Khaw ; Elisabete Weiderpass ; Borje Ljungberg ; Raviprakash T. Sitaram ; Fiona Bruinsma ; Susan J. Jordan ; Gianluca Severi ; Ingrid Winship ; Kristian Hveem ; Lars J. Vatten ; Tony Fletcher ; Kvetoslava Koppova ; Susanna C. Larsson ; Alicja Wolk ; Rosamonde E. Banks ; Peter J. Selby ; Douglas F. Easton ; Paul Pharoah ; Gabriella Andreotti ; Laura E. Beane Freeman ; Stella Koutros ; Demetrius Albanes ; Satu M Nnistö ; Stephanie Weinstein ; Peter E. Clark ; Todd L. Edwards ; Loren Lipworth ; Susan M. Gapstur ; Victoria L. Stevens ; Hallie Carol ; Matthew L. Freedman ; Mark M. Pomerantz ; Eunyoung Cho ; Peter Kraft ; Mark A. Preston ; Kathryn M. Wilson ; J. Michael Gaziano ; Howard D. Sesso ; Amanda Black ; Neal D. Freedman ; Wen-Yi Huang ; John G. Anema ; Richard J. Kahnoski ; Brian R. Lane ; Sabrina L. Noyes ; David Petillo ; Bin Tean Teh ; Ulrike Peters ; Emily White ; Garnet L. Anderson ; Lisa Johnson ; Juhua Luo ; Julie Buring ; I-Min Lee ; Wong-Ho Chow ; Lee E. Moore ; Christopher Wood ; Timothy Eisen ; Marc Henrion ; James Larkin ; Poulami Barman ; Bradley C. Leibovich ; Toni K. Choueiri ; G. Mark Lathrop ; Nathaniel Rothman ; Jean-Francois Deleuze ; James D. Mckay ; Alexander S. Parker ; Xifeng Wu ; Richard S. Houlston ; Paul Brennan ; Stephen J. ChanockSource :
- Nature Communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified six risk loci for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of two new scans of 5,198 cases and 7,331 controls together with four existing scans, totalling 10,784 cases and 20,406 controls of European ancestry. Twenty-four loci were tested in an additional 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls. We confirm the six known RCC risk loci and identify seven new loci at 1p32.3 (rs4381241,
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15724
PubMed: 28598434
PubMed Central: 5472706
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma</title><author><name sortKey="Scelo, Ghislaine" sort="Scelo, Ghislaine" uniqKey="Scelo G" first="Ghislaine" last="Scelo">Ghislaine Scelo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purdue, Mark P" sort="Purdue, Mark P" uniqKey="Purdue M" first="Mark P." last="Purdue">Mark P. Purdue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Kevin M" sort="Brown, Kevin M" uniqKey="Brown K" first="Kevin M." last="Brown">Kevin M. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Mattias" sort="Johansson, Mattias" uniqKey="Johansson M" first="Mattias" last="Johansson">Mattias Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital</institution>, Memphis, Tennessee 38105,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckel Passow, Jeanette E" sort="Eckel Passow, Jeanette E" uniqKey="Eckel Passow J" first="Jeanette E." last="Eckel-Passow">Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Yuanqing" sort="Ye, Yuanqing" uniqKey="Ye Y" first="Yuanqing" last="Ye">Yuanqing Ye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77230,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofmann, Jonathan N" sort="Hofmann, Jonathan N" uniqKey="Hofmann J" first="Jonathan N." last="Hofmann">Jonathan N. Hofmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jiyeon" sort="Choi, Jiyeon" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jiyeon" last="Choi">Jiyeon Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foll, Matthieu" sort="Foll, Matthieu" uniqKey="Foll M" first="Matthieu" last="Foll">Matthieu Foll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaborieau, Valerie" sort="Gaborieau, Valerie" uniqKey="Gaborieau V" first="Valerie" last="Gaborieau">Valerie Gaborieau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machiela, Mitchell J" sort="Machiela, Mitchell J" uniqKey="Machiela M" first="Mitchell J." last="Machiela">Mitchell J. Machiela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colli, Leandro M" sort="Colli, Leandro M" uniqKey="Colli L" first="Leandro M." last="Colli">Leandro M. Colli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Peng" sort="Li, Peng" uniqKey="Li P" first="Peng" last="Li">Peng Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampson, Joshua N" sort="Sampson, Joshua N" uniqKey="Sampson J" first="Joshua N." last="Sampson">Joshua N. Sampson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abedi Ardekani, Behnoush" sort="Abedi Ardekani, Behnoush" uniqKey="Abedi Ardekani B" first="Behnoush" last="Abedi-Ardekani">Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Besse, Celine" sort="Besse, Celine" uniqKey="Besse C" first="Celine" last="Besse">Celine Besse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives</institution>, 91057 Evry,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanche, Helene" sort="Blanche, Helene" uniqKey="Blanche H" first="Helene" last="Blanche">Helene Blanche</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boland, Anne" sort="Boland, Anne" uniqKey="Boland A" first="Anne" last="Boland">Anne Boland</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives</institution>, 91057 Evry,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdette, Laurie" sort="Burdette, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdette L" first="Laurie" last="Burdette">Laurie Burdette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabrier, Amelie" sort="Chabrier, Amelie" uniqKey="Chabrier A" first="Amelie" last="Chabrier">Amelie Chabrier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Durand, Geoffroy" sort="Durand, Geoffroy" uniqKey="Durand G" first="Geoffroy" last="Durand">Geoffroy Durand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" sort="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" uniqKey="Le Calvez Kelm F" first="Florence" last="Le Calvez-Kelm">Florence Le Calvez-Kelm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokhortchouk, Egor" sort="Prokhortchouk, Egor" uniqKey="Prokhortchouk E" first="Egor" last="Prokhortchouk">Egor Prokhortchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow 117312,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Kurchatov Scientific Center</institution>, Moscow 123182,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robinot, Nivonirina" sort="Robinot, Nivonirina" uniqKey="Robinot N" first="Nivonirina" last="Robinot">Nivonirina Robinot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skryabin, Konstantin G" sort="Skryabin, Konstantin G" uniqKey="Skryabin K" first="Konstantin G." last="Skryabin">Konstantin G. Skryabin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow 117312,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Kurchatov Scientific Center</institution>, Moscow 123182,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wozniak, Magdalena B" sort="Wozniak, Magdalena B" uniqKey="Wozniak M" first="Magdalena B." last="Wozniak">Magdalena B. Wozniak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basta Jovanovic, Gordana" sort="Basta Jovanovic, Gordana" uniqKey="Basta Jovanovic G" first="Gordana" last="Basta-Jovanovic">Gordana Basta-Jovanovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade</institution>, 11000 Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dzamic, Zoran" sort="Dzamic, Zoran" uniqKey="Dzamic Z" first="Zoran" last="Dzamic">Zoran Dzamic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Clinical Center of Serbia (KCS), Clinic of Urology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Medicine</institution>, 11000 Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foretova, Lenka" sort="Foretova, Lenka" uniqKey="Foretova L" first="Lenka" last="Foretova">Lenka Foretova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holcatova, Ivana" sort="Holcatova, Ivana" uniqKey="Holcatova I" first="Ivana" last="Holcatova">Ivana Holcatova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>2nd Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University</institution>, 150 06 Prague 5,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janout, Vladimir" sort="Janout, Vladimir" uniqKey="Janout V" first="Vladimir" last="Janout">Vladimir Janout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University</institution>, 775 15 Olomouc,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mates, Dana" sort="Mates, Dana" uniqKey="Mates D" first="Dana" last="Mates">Dana Mates</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>, 050463 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukeriya, Anush" sort="Mukeriya, Anush" uniqKey="Mukeriya A" first="Anush" last="Mukeriya">Anush Mukeriya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre</institution>, Moscow 115478,<country>Russian Federation</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rascu, Stefan" sort="Rascu, Stefan" uniqKey="Rascu S" first="Stefan" last="Rascu">Stefan Rascu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital</institution>, 050659 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaridze, David" sort="Zaridze, David" uniqKey="Zaridze D" first="David" last="Zaridze">David Zaridze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre</institution>, Moscow 115478,<country>Russian Federation</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bencko, Vladimir" sort="Bencko, Vladimir" uniqKey="Bencko V" first="Vladimir" last="Bencko">Vladimir Bencko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University</institution>, 128 00 Prague 2,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cybulski, Cezary" sort="Cybulski, Cezary" uniqKey="Cybulski C" first="Cezary" last="Cybulski">Cezary Cybulski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University</institution>, 70-204 Szczecin,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabianova, Eleonora" sort="Fabianova, Eleonora" uniqKey="Fabianova E" first="Eleonora" last="Fabianova">Eleonora Fabianova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica</institution>, 975 56 Banska Bystrica,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jinga, Viorel" sort="Jinga, Viorel" uniqKey="Jinga V" first="Viorel" last="Jinga">Viorel Jinga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital</institution>, 050659 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lissowska, Jolanta" sort="Lissowska, Jolanta" uniqKey="Lissowska J" first="Jolanta" last="Lissowska">Jolanta Lissowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology</institution>, 02-034 Warsaw,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lubinski, Jan" sort="Lubinski, Jan" uniqKey="Lubinski J" first="Jan" last="Lubinski">Jan Lubinski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University</institution>, 70-204 Szczecin,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navratilova, Marie" sort="Navratilova, Marie" uniqKey="Navratilova M" first="Marie" last="Navratilova">Marie Navratilova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudnai, Peter" sort="Rudnai, Peter" uniqKey="Rudnai P" first="Peter" last="Rudnai">Peter Rudnai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health</institution>, 1097 Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" sort="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" uniqKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska N" first="Neonila" last="Szeszenia-Dabrowska">Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine</institution>, 91-348 Lodz,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benhamou, Simone" sort="Benhamou, Simone" uniqKey="Benhamou S" first="Simone" last="Benhamou">Simone Benhamou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, Unité Variabilité Génétique et Maladies Humaines</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cancel Tassin, Geraldine" sort="Cancel Tassin, Geraldine" uniqKey="Cancel Tassin G" first="Geraldine" last="Cancel-Tassin">Geraldine Cancel-Tassin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>CeRePP, Tenon Hospital</institution>, 75020 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06 GRC n°5</institution>, 75013 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cussenot, Olivier" sort="Cussenot, Olivier" uniqKey="Cussenot O" first="Olivier" last="Cussenot">Olivier Cussenot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>CeRePP, Tenon Hospital</institution>, 75020 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06 GRC n°5</institution>, 75013 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baglietto, Laura" sort="Baglietto, Laura" uniqKey="Baglietto L" first="Laura" last="Baglietto">Laura Baglietto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy</institution>, 94805 Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boeing, Heiner" sort="Boeing, Heiner" uniqKey="Boeing H" first="Heiner" last="Boeing">Heiner Boeing</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke</institution>, 14558 Nuthetal,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway</institution>, 9037 Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research</institution>, 0304 Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a32"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, 00250 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ljungberg, Borje" sort="Ljungberg, Borje" uniqKey="Ljungberg B" first="Borje" last="Ljungberg">Borje Ljungberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sitaram, Raviprakash T" sort="Sitaram, Raviprakash T" uniqKey="Sitaram R" first="Raviprakash T." last="Sitaram">Raviprakash T. Sitaram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinsma, Fiona" sort="Bruinsma, Fiona" uniqKey="Bruinsma F" first="Fiona" last="Bruinsma">Fiona Bruinsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Susan J" sort="Jordan, Susan J" uniqKey="Jordan S" first="Susan J." last="Jordan">Susan J. Jordan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute</institution>, Herston, Queensland 4006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>School of Public Health, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Severi, Gianluca" sort="Severi, Gianluca" uniqKey="Severi G" first="Gianluca" last="Severi">Gianluca Severi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy</institution>, 94805 Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Carlton, Victoria 3053,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF)</institution>, 10126 Torino,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winship, Ingrid" sort="Winship, Ingrid" uniqKey="Winship I" first="Ingrid" last="Winship">Ingrid Winship</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a40"><institution>Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3050,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a42"><institution>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology</institution>, Levanger 7600,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vatten, Lars J" sort="Vatten, Lars J" uniqKey="Vatten L" first="Lars J." last="Vatten">Lars J. Vatten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology</institution>, Trondheim 7491,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fletcher, Tony" sort="Fletcher, Tony" uniqKey="Fletcher T" first="Tony" last="Fletcher">Tony Fletcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London</institution>, London WC1H 9SH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koppova, Kvetoslava" sort="Koppova, Kvetoslava" uniqKey="Koppova K" first="Kvetoslava" last="Koppova">Kvetoslava Koppova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica</institution>, 975 56 Banska Bystrica,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larsson, Susanna C" sort="Larsson, Susanna C" uniqKey="Larsson S" first="Susanna C." last="Larsson">Susanna C. Larsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolk, Alicja" sort="Wolk, Alicja" uniqKey="Wolk A" first="Alicja" last="Wolk">Alicja Wolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banks, Rosamonde E" sort="Banks, Rosamonde E" uniqKey="Banks R" first="Rosamonde E." last="Banks">Rosamonde E. Banks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selby, Peter J" sort="Selby, Peter J" uniqKey="Selby P" first="Peter J." last="Selby">Peter J. Selby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Easton, Douglas F" sort="Easton, Douglas F" uniqKey="Easton D" first="Douglas F." last="Easton">Douglas F. Easton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB1 8RN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pharoah, Paul" sort="Pharoah, Paul" uniqKey="Pharoah P" first="Paul" last="Pharoah">Paul Pharoah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB1 8RN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreotti, Gabriella" sort="Andreotti, Gabriella" uniqKey="Andreotti G" first="Gabriella" last="Andreotti">Gabriella Andreotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, Laura E Beane" sort="Freeman, Laura E Beane" uniqKey="Freeman L" first="Laura E. Beane" last="Freeman">Laura E. Beane Freeman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koutros, Stella" sort="Koutros, Stella" uniqKey="Koutros S" first="Stella" last="Koutros">Stella Koutros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, 00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie" last="Weinstein">Stephanie Weinstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Peter E" sort="Clark, Peter E" uniqKey="Clark P" first="Peter E." last="Clark">Peter E. Clark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, Todd L" sort="Edwards, Todd L" uniqKey="Edwards T" first="Todd L." last="Edwards">Todd L. Edwards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a50"><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37209,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipworth, Loren" sort="Lipworth, Loren" uniqKey="Lipworth L" first="Loren" last="Lipworth">Loren Lipworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gapstur, Susan M" sort="Gapstur, Susan M" uniqKey="Gapstur S" first="Susan M." last="Gapstur">Susan M. Gapstur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Victoria L" sort="Stevens, Victoria L" uniqKey="Stevens V" first="Victoria L." last="Stevens">Victoria L. Stevens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carol, Hallie" sort="Carol, Hallie" uniqKey="Carol H" first="Hallie" last="Carol">Hallie Carol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Matthew L" sort="Freedman, Matthew L" uniqKey="Freedman M" first="Matthew L." last="Freedman">Matthew L. Freedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pomerantz, Mark M" sort="Pomerantz, Mark M" uniqKey="Pomerantz M" first="Mark M." last="Pomerantz">Mark M. Pomerantz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Eunyoung" sort="Cho, Eunyoung" uniqKey="Cho E" first="Eunyoung" last="Cho">Eunyoung Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University</institution>, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Preston, Mark A" sort="Preston, Mark A" uniqKey="Preston M" first="Mark A." last="Preston">Mark A. Preston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Kathryn M" sort="Wilson, Kathryn M" uniqKey="Wilson K" first="Kathryn M." last="Wilson">Kathryn M. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michael Gaziano, J" sort="Michael Gaziano, J" uniqKey="Michael Gaziano J" first="J." last="Michael Gaziano">J. Michael Gaziano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sesso, Howard D" sort="Sesso, Howard D" uniqKey="Sesso H" first="Howard D." last="Sesso">Howard D. Sesso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Black, Amanda" sort="Black, Amanda" uniqKey="Black A" first="Amanda" last="Black">Amanda Black</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Neal D" sort="Freedman, Neal D" uniqKey="Freedman N" first="Neal D." last="Freedman">Neal D. Freedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Wen Yi" sort="Huang, Wen Yi" uniqKey="Huang W" first="Wen-Yi" last="Huang">Wen-Yi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anema, John G" sort="Anema, John G" uniqKey="Anema J" first="John G." last="Anema">John G. Anema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Division of Urology, Spectrum Health</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahnoski, Richard J" sort="Kahnoski, Richard J" uniqKey="Kahnoski R" first="Richard J." last="Kahnoski">Richard J. Kahnoski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Division of Urology, Spectrum Health</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lane, Brian R" sort="Lane, Brian R" uniqKey="Lane B" first="Brian R." last="Lane">Brian R. Lane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Division of Urology, Spectrum Health</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noyes, Sabrina L" sort="Noyes, Sabrina L" uniqKey="Noyes S" first="Sabrina L." last="Noyes">Sabrina L. Noyes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petillo, David" sort="Petillo, David" uniqKey="Petillo D" first="David" last="Petillo">David Petillo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teh, Bin Tean" sort="Teh, Bin Tean" uniqKey="Teh B" first="Bin Tean" last="Teh">Bin Tean Teh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Garnet L" sort="Anderson, Garnet L" uniqKey="Anderson G" first="Garnet L." last="Anderson">Garnet L. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Lisa" sort="Johnson, Lisa" uniqKey="Johnson L" first="Lisa" last="Johnson">Lisa Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Juhua" sort="Luo, Juhua" uniqKey="Luo J" first="Juhua" last="Luo">Juhua Luo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington</institution>, Bloomington, Indiana 47405,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buring, Julie" sort="Buring, Julie" uniqKey="Buring J" first="Julie" last="Buring">Julie Buring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, I Min" sort="Lee, I Min" uniqKey="Lee I" first="I-Min" last="Lee">I-Min Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, Wong Ho" sort="Chow, Wong Ho" uniqKey="Chow W" first="Wong-Ho" last="Chow">Wong-Ho Chow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77230,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Lee E" sort="Moore, Lee E" uniqKey="Moore L" first="Lee E." last="Moore">Lee E. Moore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Christopher" sort="Wood, Christopher" uniqKey="Wood C" first="Christopher" last="Wood">Christopher Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisen, Timothy" sort="Eisen, Timothy" uniqKey="Eisen T" first="Timothy" last="Eisen">Timothy Eisen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henrion, Marc" sort="Henrion, Marc" uniqKey="Henrion M" first="Marc" last="Henrion">Marc Henrion</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a64"><institution>Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larkin, James" sort="Larkin, James" uniqKey="Larkin J" first="James" last="Larkin">James Larkin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust</institution>, London SW3 6JJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barman, Poulami" sort="Barman, Poulami" uniqKey="Barman P" first="Poulami" last="Barman">Poulami Barman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leibovich, Bradley C" sort="Leibovich, Bradley C" uniqKey="Leibovich B" first="Bradley C." last="Leibovich">Bradley C. Leibovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55902,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choueiri, Toni K" sort="Choueiri, Toni K" uniqKey="Choueiri T" first="Toni K." last="Choueiri">Toni K. Choueiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mark Lathrop, G" sort="Mark Lathrop, G" uniqKey="Mark Lathrop G" first="G." last="Mark Lathrop">G. Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre</institution>, Montreal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3A 0G1</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothman, Nathaniel" sort="Rothman, Nathaniel" uniqKey="Rothman N" first="Nathaniel" last="Rothman">Nathaniel Rothman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deleuze, Jean Francois" sort="Deleuze, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Deleuze J" first="Jean-Francois" last="Deleuze">Jean-Francois Deleuze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives</institution>, 91057 Evry,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay, James D" sort="Mckay, James D" uniqKey="Mckay J" first="James D." last="Mckay">James D. Mckay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Alexander S" sort="Parker, Alexander S" uniqKey="Parker A" first="Alexander S." last="Parker">Alexander S. Parker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a68"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Jacksonville, Florida 32224,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Xifeng" sort="Wu, Xifeng" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xifeng" last="Wu">Xifeng Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77230,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houlston, Richard S" sort="Houlston, Richard S" uniqKey="Houlston R" first="Richard S." last="Houlston">Richard S. Houlston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a69"><institution>Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research</institution>, London SW7 3RP,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a70"><institution>Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research</institution>, London SW7 3RP,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brennan, Paul" sort="Brennan, Paul" uniqKey="Brennan P" first="Paul" last="Brennan">Paul Brennan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J." last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28598434</idno><idno type="pmc">5472706</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472706</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5472706</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms15724</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000796</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000796</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma</title><author><name sortKey="Scelo, Ghislaine" sort="Scelo, Ghislaine" uniqKey="Scelo G" first="Ghislaine" last="Scelo">Ghislaine Scelo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purdue, Mark P" sort="Purdue, Mark P" uniqKey="Purdue M" first="Mark P." last="Purdue">Mark P. Purdue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Kevin M" sort="Brown, Kevin M" uniqKey="Brown K" first="Kevin M." last="Brown">Kevin M. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Mattias" sort="Johansson, Mattias" uniqKey="Johansson M" first="Mattias" last="Johansson">Mattias Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital</institution>, Memphis, Tennessee 38105,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckel Passow, Jeanette E" sort="Eckel Passow, Jeanette E" uniqKey="Eckel Passow J" first="Jeanette E." last="Eckel-Passow">Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Yuanqing" sort="Ye, Yuanqing" uniqKey="Ye Y" first="Yuanqing" last="Ye">Yuanqing Ye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77230,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofmann, Jonathan N" sort="Hofmann, Jonathan N" uniqKey="Hofmann J" first="Jonathan N." last="Hofmann">Jonathan N. Hofmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jiyeon" sort="Choi, Jiyeon" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jiyeon" last="Choi">Jiyeon Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foll, Matthieu" sort="Foll, Matthieu" uniqKey="Foll M" first="Matthieu" last="Foll">Matthieu Foll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaborieau, Valerie" sort="Gaborieau, Valerie" uniqKey="Gaborieau V" first="Valerie" last="Gaborieau">Valerie Gaborieau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machiela, Mitchell J" sort="Machiela, Mitchell J" uniqKey="Machiela M" first="Mitchell J." last="Machiela">Mitchell J. Machiela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colli, Leandro M" sort="Colli, Leandro M" uniqKey="Colli L" first="Leandro M." last="Colli">Leandro M. Colli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Peng" sort="Li, Peng" uniqKey="Li P" first="Peng" last="Li">Peng Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampson, Joshua N" sort="Sampson, Joshua N" uniqKey="Sampson J" first="Joshua N." last="Sampson">Joshua N. Sampson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abedi Ardekani, Behnoush" sort="Abedi Ardekani, Behnoush" uniqKey="Abedi Ardekani B" first="Behnoush" last="Abedi-Ardekani">Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Besse, Celine" sort="Besse, Celine" uniqKey="Besse C" first="Celine" last="Besse">Celine Besse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives</institution>, 91057 Evry,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanche, Helene" sort="Blanche, Helene" uniqKey="Blanche H" first="Helene" last="Blanche">Helene Blanche</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boland, Anne" sort="Boland, Anne" uniqKey="Boland A" first="Anne" last="Boland">Anne Boland</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives</institution>, 91057 Evry,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdette, Laurie" sort="Burdette, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdette L" first="Laurie" last="Burdette">Laurie Burdette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabrier, Amelie" sort="Chabrier, Amelie" uniqKey="Chabrier A" first="Amelie" last="Chabrier">Amelie Chabrier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Durand, Geoffroy" sort="Durand, Geoffroy" uniqKey="Durand G" first="Geoffroy" last="Durand">Geoffroy Durand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" sort="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" uniqKey="Le Calvez Kelm F" first="Florence" last="Le Calvez-Kelm">Florence Le Calvez-Kelm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokhortchouk, Egor" sort="Prokhortchouk, Egor" uniqKey="Prokhortchouk E" first="Egor" last="Prokhortchouk">Egor Prokhortchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow 117312,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Kurchatov Scientific Center</institution>, Moscow 123182,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robinot, Nivonirina" sort="Robinot, Nivonirina" uniqKey="Robinot N" first="Nivonirina" last="Robinot">Nivonirina Robinot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skryabin, Konstantin G" sort="Skryabin, Konstantin G" uniqKey="Skryabin K" first="Konstantin G." last="Skryabin">Konstantin G. Skryabin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow 117312,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Kurchatov Scientific Center</institution>, Moscow 123182,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wozniak, Magdalena B" sort="Wozniak, Magdalena B" uniqKey="Wozniak M" first="Magdalena B." last="Wozniak">Magdalena B. Wozniak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basta Jovanovic, Gordana" sort="Basta Jovanovic, Gordana" uniqKey="Basta Jovanovic G" first="Gordana" last="Basta-Jovanovic">Gordana Basta-Jovanovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade</institution>, 11000 Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dzamic, Zoran" sort="Dzamic, Zoran" uniqKey="Dzamic Z" first="Zoran" last="Dzamic">Zoran Dzamic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Clinical Center of Serbia (KCS), Clinic of Urology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Medicine</institution>, 11000 Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foretova, Lenka" sort="Foretova, Lenka" uniqKey="Foretova L" first="Lenka" last="Foretova">Lenka Foretova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holcatova, Ivana" sort="Holcatova, Ivana" uniqKey="Holcatova I" first="Ivana" last="Holcatova">Ivana Holcatova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>2nd Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University</institution>, 150 06 Prague 5,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janout, Vladimir" sort="Janout, Vladimir" uniqKey="Janout V" first="Vladimir" last="Janout">Vladimir Janout</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University</institution>, 775 15 Olomouc,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mates, Dana" sort="Mates, Dana" uniqKey="Mates D" first="Dana" last="Mates">Dana Mates</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>, 050463 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukeriya, Anush" sort="Mukeriya, Anush" uniqKey="Mukeriya A" first="Anush" last="Mukeriya">Anush Mukeriya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre</institution>, Moscow 115478,<country>Russian Federation</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rascu, Stefan" sort="Rascu, Stefan" uniqKey="Rascu S" first="Stefan" last="Rascu">Stefan Rascu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital</institution>, 050659 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaridze, David" sort="Zaridze, David" uniqKey="Zaridze D" first="David" last="Zaridze">David Zaridze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre</institution>, Moscow 115478,<country>Russian Federation</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bencko, Vladimir" sort="Bencko, Vladimir" uniqKey="Bencko V" first="Vladimir" last="Bencko">Vladimir Bencko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University</institution>, 128 00 Prague 2,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cybulski, Cezary" sort="Cybulski, Cezary" uniqKey="Cybulski C" first="Cezary" last="Cybulski">Cezary Cybulski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University</institution>, 70-204 Szczecin,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabianova, Eleonora" sort="Fabianova, Eleonora" uniqKey="Fabianova E" first="Eleonora" last="Fabianova">Eleonora Fabianova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica</institution>, 975 56 Banska Bystrica,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jinga, Viorel" sort="Jinga, Viorel" uniqKey="Jinga V" first="Viorel" last="Jinga">Viorel Jinga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital</institution>, 050659 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lissowska, Jolanta" sort="Lissowska, Jolanta" uniqKey="Lissowska J" first="Jolanta" last="Lissowska">Jolanta Lissowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology</institution>, 02-034 Warsaw,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lubinski, Jan" sort="Lubinski, Jan" uniqKey="Lubinski J" first="Jan" last="Lubinski">Jan Lubinski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University</institution>, 70-204 Szczecin,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navratilova, Marie" sort="Navratilova, Marie" uniqKey="Navratilova M" first="Marie" last="Navratilova">Marie Navratilova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudnai, Peter" sort="Rudnai, Peter" uniqKey="Rudnai P" first="Peter" last="Rudnai">Peter Rudnai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health</institution>, 1097 Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" sort="Szeszenia Dabrowska, Neonila" uniqKey="Szeszenia Dabrowska N" first="Neonila" last="Szeszenia-Dabrowska">Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine</institution>, 91-348 Lodz,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benhamou, Simone" sort="Benhamou, Simone" uniqKey="Benhamou S" first="Simone" last="Benhamou">Simone Benhamou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, Unité Variabilité Génétique et Maladies Humaines</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cancel Tassin, Geraldine" sort="Cancel Tassin, Geraldine" uniqKey="Cancel Tassin G" first="Geraldine" last="Cancel-Tassin">Geraldine Cancel-Tassin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>CeRePP, Tenon Hospital</institution>, 75020 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06 GRC n°5</institution>, 75013 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cussenot, Olivier" sort="Cussenot, Olivier" uniqKey="Cussenot O" first="Olivier" last="Cussenot">Olivier Cussenot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>CeRePP, Tenon Hospital</institution>, 75020 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06 GRC n°5</institution>, 75013 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baglietto, Laura" sort="Baglietto, Laura" uniqKey="Baglietto L" first="Laura" last="Baglietto">Laura Baglietto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy</institution>, 94805 Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boeing, Heiner" sort="Boeing, Heiner" uniqKey="Boeing H" first="Heiner" last="Boeing">Heiner Boeing</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke</institution>, 14558 Nuthetal,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway</institution>, 9037 Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research</institution>, 0304 Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a32"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, 00250 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ljungberg, Borje" sort="Ljungberg, Borje" uniqKey="Ljungberg B" first="Borje" last="Ljungberg">Borje Ljungberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sitaram, Raviprakash T" sort="Sitaram, Raviprakash T" uniqKey="Sitaram R" first="Raviprakash T." last="Sitaram">Raviprakash T. Sitaram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinsma, Fiona" sort="Bruinsma, Fiona" uniqKey="Bruinsma F" first="Fiona" last="Bruinsma">Fiona Bruinsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Susan J" sort="Jordan, Susan J" uniqKey="Jordan S" first="Susan J." last="Jordan">Susan J. Jordan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute</institution>, Herston, Queensland 4006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>School of Public Health, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Severi, Gianluca" sort="Severi, Gianluca" uniqKey="Severi G" first="Gianluca" last="Severi">Gianluca Severi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy</institution>, 94805 Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Carlton, Victoria 3053,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF)</institution>, 10126 Torino,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winship, Ingrid" sort="Winship, Ingrid" uniqKey="Winship I" first="Ingrid" last="Winship">Ingrid Winship</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a40"><institution>Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3050,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a42"><institution>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology</institution>, Levanger 7600,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vatten, Lars J" sort="Vatten, Lars J" uniqKey="Vatten L" first="Lars J." last="Vatten">Lars J. Vatten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology</institution>, Trondheim 7491,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fletcher, Tony" sort="Fletcher, Tony" uniqKey="Fletcher T" first="Tony" last="Fletcher">Tony Fletcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London</institution>, London WC1H 9SH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koppova, Kvetoslava" sort="Koppova, Kvetoslava" uniqKey="Koppova K" first="Kvetoslava" last="Koppova">Kvetoslava Koppova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica</institution>, 975 56 Banska Bystrica,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larsson, Susanna C" sort="Larsson, Susanna C" uniqKey="Larsson S" first="Susanna C." last="Larsson">Susanna C. Larsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolk, Alicja" sort="Wolk, Alicja" uniqKey="Wolk A" first="Alicja" last="Wolk">Alicja Wolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banks, Rosamonde E" sort="Banks, Rosamonde E" uniqKey="Banks R" first="Rosamonde E." last="Banks">Rosamonde E. Banks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selby, Peter J" sort="Selby, Peter J" uniqKey="Selby P" first="Peter J." last="Selby">Peter J. Selby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Easton, Douglas F" sort="Easton, Douglas F" uniqKey="Easton D" first="Douglas F." last="Easton">Douglas F. Easton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB1 8RN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pharoah, Paul" sort="Pharoah, Paul" uniqKey="Pharoah P" first="Paul" last="Pharoah">Paul Pharoah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB1 8RN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreotti, Gabriella" sort="Andreotti, Gabriella" uniqKey="Andreotti G" first="Gabriella" last="Andreotti">Gabriella Andreotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, Laura E Beane" sort="Freeman, Laura E Beane" uniqKey="Freeman L" first="Laura E. Beane" last="Freeman">Laura E. Beane Freeman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koutros, Stella" sort="Koutros, Stella" uniqKey="Koutros S" first="Stella" last="Koutros">Stella Koutros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, 00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie" last="Weinstein">Stephanie Weinstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Peter E" sort="Clark, Peter E" uniqKey="Clark P" first="Peter E." last="Clark">Peter E. Clark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, Todd L" sort="Edwards, Todd L" uniqKey="Edwards T" first="Todd L." last="Edwards">Todd L. Edwards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a50"><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37209,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipworth, Loren" sort="Lipworth, Loren" uniqKey="Lipworth L" first="Loren" last="Lipworth">Loren Lipworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gapstur, Susan M" sort="Gapstur, Susan M" uniqKey="Gapstur S" first="Susan M." last="Gapstur">Susan M. Gapstur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Victoria L" sort="Stevens, Victoria L" uniqKey="Stevens V" first="Victoria L." last="Stevens">Victoria L. Stevens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carol, Hallie" sort="Carol, Hallie" uniqKey="Carol H" first="Hallie" last="Carol">Hallie Carol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Matthew L" sort="Freedman, Matthew L" uniqKey="Freedman M" first="Matthew L." last="Freedman">Matthew L. Freedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pomerantz, Mark M" sort="Pomerantz, Mark M" uniqKey="Pomerantz M" first="Mark M." last="Pomerantz">Mark M. Pomerantz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Eunyoung" sort="Cho, Eunyoung" uniqKey="Cho E" first="Eunyoung" last="Cho">Eunyoung Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University</institution>, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Preston, Mark A" sort="Preston, Mark A" uniqKey="Preston M" first="Mark A." last="Preston">Mark A. Preston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Kathryn M" sort="Wilson, Kathryn M" uniqKey="Wilson K" first="Kathryn M." last="Wilson">Kathryn M. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michael Gaziano, J" sort="Michael Gaziano, J" uniqKey="Michael Gaziano J" first="J." last="Michael Gaziano">J. Michael Gaziano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sesso, Howard D" sort="Sesso, Howard D" uniqKey="Sesso H" first="Howard D." last="Sesso">Howard D. Sesso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Black, Amanda" sort="Black, Amanda" uniqKey="Black A" first="Amanda" last="Black">Amanda Black</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Neal D" sort="Freedman, Neal D" uniqKey="Freedman N" first="Neal D." last="Freedman">Neal D. Freedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Wen Yi" sort="Huang, Wen Yi" uniqKey="Huang W" first="Wen-Yi" last="Huang">Wen-Yi Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anema, John G" sort="Anema, John G" uniqKey="Anema J" first="John G." last="Anema">John G. Anema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Division of Urology, Spectrum Health</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahnoski, Richard J" sort="Kahnoski, Richard J" uniqKey="Kahnoski R" first="Richard J." last="Kahnoski">Richard J. Kahnoski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Division of Urology, Spectrum Health</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lane, Brian R" sort="Lane, Brian R" uniqKey="Lane B" first="Brian R." last="Lane">Brian R. Lane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Division of Urology, Spectrum Health</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noyes, Sabrina L" sort="Noyes, Sabrina L" uniqKey="Noyes S" first="Sabrina L." last="Noyes">Sabrina L. Noyes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petillo, David" sort="Petillo, David" uniqKey="Petillo D" first="David" last="Petillo">David Petillo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teh, Bin Tean" sort="Teh, Bin Tean" uniqKey="Teh B" first="Bin Tean" last="Teh">Bin Tean Teh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Garnet L" sort="Anderson, Garnet L" uniqKey="Anderson G" first="Garnet L." last="Anderson">Garnet L. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Lisa" sort="Johnson, Lisa" uniqKey="Johnson L" first="Lisa" last="Johnson">Lisa Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Juhua" sort="Luo, Juhua" uniqKey="Luo J" first="Juhua" last="Luo">Juhua Luo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington</institution>, Bloomington, Indiana 47405,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buring, Julie" sort="Buring, Julie" uniqKey="Buring J" first="Julie" last="Buring">Julie Buring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, I Min" sort="Lee, I Min" uniqKey="Lee I" first="I-Min" last="Lee">I-Min Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, Wong Ho" sort="Chow, Wong Ho" uniqKey="Chow W" first="Wong-Ho" last="Chow">Wong-Ho Chow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77230,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Lee E" sort="Moore, Lee E" uniqKey="Moore L" first="Lee E." last="Moore">Lee E. Moore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Christopher" sort="Wood, Christopher" uniqKey="Wood C" first="Christopher" last="Wood">Christopher Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisen, Timothy" sort="Eisen, Timothy" uniqKey="Eisen T" first="Timothy" last="Eisen">Timothy Eisen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henrion, Marc" sort="Henrion, Marc" uniqKey="Henrion M" first="Marc" last="Henrion">Marc Henrion</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a64"><institution>Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larkin, James" sort="Larkin, James" uniqKey="Larkin J" first="James" last="Larkin">James Larkin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust</institution>, London SW3 6JJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barman, Poulami" sort="Barman, Poulami" uniqKey="Barman P" first="Poulami" last="Barman">Poulami Barman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leibovich, Bradley C" sort="Leibovich, Bradley C" uniqKey="Leibovich B" first="Bradley C." last="Leibovich">Bradley C. Leibovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55902,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choueiri, Toni K" sort="Choueiri, Toni K" uniqKey="Choueiri T" first="Toni K." last="Choueiri">Toni K. Choueiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mark Lathrop, G" sort="Mark Lathrop, G" uniqKey="Mark Lathrop G" first="G." last="Mark Lathrop">G. Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre</institution>, Montreal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3A 0G1</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothman, Nathaniel" sort="Rothman, Nathaniel" uniqKey="Rothman N" first="Nathaniel" last="Rothman">Nathaniel Rothman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deleuze, Jean Francois" sort="Deleuze, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Deleuze J" first="Jean-Francois" last="Deleuze">Jean-Francois Deleuze</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives</institution>, 91057 Evry,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay, James D" sort="Mckay, James D" uniqKey="Mckay J" first="James D." last="Mckay">James D. Mckay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Alexander S" sort="Parker, Alexander S" uniqKey="Parker A" first="Alexander S." last="Parker">Alexander S. Parker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a68"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Jacksonville, Florida 32224,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Xifeng" sort="Wu, Xifeng" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xifeng" last="Wu">Xifeng Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77230,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houlston, Richard S" sort="Houlston, Richard S" uniqKey="Houlston R" first="Richard S." last="Houlston">Richard S. Houlston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a69"><institution>Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research</institution>, London SW7 3RP,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a70"><institution>Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research</institution>, London SW7 3RP,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brennan, Paul" sort="Brennan, Paul" uniqKey="Brennan P" first="Paul" last="Brennan">Paul Brennan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J." last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified six risk loci for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of two new scans of 5,198 cases and 7,331 controls together with four existing scans, totalling 10,784 cases and 20,406 controls of European ancestry. Twenty-four loci were tested in an additional 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Communications</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2041-1723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28598434</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5472706</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ncomms15724</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ncomms15724</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scelo</surname><given-names>Ghislaine</given-names></name><xref 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id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69008 Lyon,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital</institution>, Memphis, Tennessee 38105,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77230,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a6"><label>6</label><institution>Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives</institution>, 91057 Evry,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a7"><label>7</label><institution>Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a8"><label>8</label><institution>Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow 117312,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="a9"><label>9</label><institution>Kurchatov Scientific Center</institution>, Moscow 123182,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="a10"><label>10</label><institution>Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade</institution>, 11000 Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="a11"><label>11</label><institution>Clinical Center of Serbia (KCS), Clinic of Urology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Medicine</institution>, 11000 Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="a12"><label>12</label><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="a13"><label>13</label><institution>2nd Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University</institution>, 150 06 Prague 5,<country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="a14"><label>14</label><institution>Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University</institution>, 775 15 Olomouc,<country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="a15"><label>15</label><institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>, 050463 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="a16"><label>16</label><institution>Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre</institution>, Moscow 115478,<country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff id="a17"><label>17</label><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital</institution>, 050659 Bucharest,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="a18"><label>18</label><institution>First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University</institution>, 128 00 Prague 2,<country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="a19"><label>19</label><institution>International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University</institution>, 70-204 Szczecin,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="a20"><label>20</label><institution>Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica</institution>, 975 56 Banska Bystrica,<country>Slovakia</country></aff><aff id="a21"><label>21</label><institution>The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology</institution>, 02-034 Warsaw,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="a22"><label>22</label><institution>National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health</institution>, 1097 Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></aff><aff id="a23"><label>23</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine</institution>, 91-348 Lodz,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="a24"><label>24</label><institution>Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, Unité Variabilité Génétique et Maladies Humaines</institution>, 75010 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a25"><label>25</label><institution>CeRePP, Tenon Hospital</institution>, 75020 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a26"><label>26</label><institution>UPMC Univ Paris 06 GRC n°5</institution>, 75013 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a27"><label>27</label><institution>Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy</institution>, 94805 Villejuif,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a28"><label>28</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke</institution>, 14558 Nuthetal,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a29"><label>29</label><institution>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a30"><label>30</label><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway</institution>, 9037 Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="a31"><label>31</label><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research</institution>, 0304 Oslo,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="a32"><label>32</label><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a33"><label>33</label><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, 00250 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a34"><label>34</label><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a35"><label>35</label><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a36"><label>36</label><institution>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute</institution>, Herston, Queensland 4006,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a37"><label>37</label><institution>School of Public Health, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a38"><label>38</label><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Carlton, Victoria 3053,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a39"><label>39</label><institution>Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF)</institution>, 10126 Torino,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="a40"><label>40</label><institution>Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a41"><label>41</label><institution>Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3050,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a42"><label>42</label><institution>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology</institution>, Levanger 7600,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="a43"><label>43</label><institution>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology</institution>, Trondheim 7491,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="a44"><label>44</label><institution>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London</institution>, London WC1H 9SH,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a45"><label>45</label><institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 171 77 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a46"><label>46</label><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a47"><label>47</label><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB1 8RN,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a48"><label>48</label><institution>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, 00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a49"><label>49</label><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a50"><label>50</label><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37209,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a51"><label>51</label><institution>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center</institution>, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a52"><label>52</label><institution>American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a53"><label>53</label><institution>Dana-Farber Cancer Institute</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a54"><label>54</label><institution>Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University</institution>, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a55"><label>55</label><institution>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a56"><label>56</label><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a57"><label>57</label><institution>Division of Urology, Spectrum Health</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a58"><label>58</label><institution>College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a59"><label>59</label><institution>Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology</institution>, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a60"><label>60</label><institution>Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a61"><label>61</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington</institution>, Bloomington, Indiana 47405,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a62"><label>62</label><institution>Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a63"><label>63</label><institution>Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a64"><label>64</label><institution>Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a65"><label>65</label><institution>Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust</institution>, London SW3 6JJ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a66"><label>66</label><institution>Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55902,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a67"><label>67</label><institution>McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre</institution>, Montreal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3A 0G1</aff><aff id="a68"><label>68</label><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Jacksonville, Florida 32224,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a69"><label>69</label><institution>Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research</institution>, London SW7 3RP,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a70"><label>70</label><institution>Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research</institution>, London SW7 3RP,<country>UK</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>brennanp@iarc.fr</email></corresp><corresp id="c2"><label>b</label><email>chanocks@mail.nih.gov</email></corresp><fn id="n1"><label>*</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn id="n2"><label>†</label><p>These authors jointly supervised this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><elocation-id>15724</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p><bold>Open Access</bold> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified six risk loci for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of two new scans of 5,198 cases and 7,331 controls together with four existing scans, totalling 10,784 cases and 20,406 controls of European ancestry. Twenty-four loci were tested in an additional 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls. We confirm the six known RCC risk loci and identify seven new loci at 1p32.3 (rs4381241, <italic>P</italic>=3.1 × 10<sup>−10</sup>), 3p22.1 (rs67311347, <italic>P</italic>=2.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), 3q26.2 (rs10936602, <italic>P</italic>=8.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup>), 8p21.3 (rs2241261, <italic>P</italic>=5.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup>), 10q24.33-q25.1 (rs11813268, <italic>P</italic>=3.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), 11q22.3 (rs74911261, <italic>P</italic>=2.1 × 10<sup>−10</sup>) and 14q24.2 (rs4903064, <italic>P</italic>=2.2 × 10<sup>−24</sup>). Expression quantitative trait analyses suggest plausible candidate genes at these regions that may contribute to RCC susceptibility.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="web-summary"><p>Risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is higher when there are first-degree family members with the disease. Here, Scelo and colleagues perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis and new genome-wide scan to identify seven new loci with significant RCC association.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><p>Kidney cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer in more developed regions of the world and incidence rates have been rising<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1">1</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref>. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises over 90% of kidney cancers and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major histological subtype (∼80% of RCC cases)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3">3</xref>. Direct evidence for inherited predisposition to RCC is provided by a number of rare cancer syndromes with defined germline mutations in 11 genes (<italic>BAP1</italic>, <italic>FLCN</italic>, <italic>FH</italic>, <italic>MET</italic>, <italic>PTEN</italic>, <italic>SDHB</italic>, <italic>SDHC</italic>, <italic>SDHD</italic>, <italic>TSC1</italic>, <italic>TSC2</italic> and <italic>VHL</italic>), that are associated with the development of different RCC subtypes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref>. While identification of these genes has led to important insights into the pathogenesis of RCC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref>, even collectively these diseases account for only a very small portion of the twofold increased risk of RCC seen in first-degree relatives of RCC patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b8">8</xref>. Support for polygenic susceptibility to RCC has come from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six loci influencing RCC risk in populations of European ancestry at chromosome bands 2p21, 2q22.3, 8q24.21, 11q13.3, 12p11.23 and 12q24.31 (refs <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b12">12</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b14">14</xref>). Here, we present findings from a meta-analysis of six GWAS scans of RCC; two new scans of 5,198 cases and 7,331 controls were combined with four previously published scans of 5,586 cases and 13,075 controls<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>, reaching a total of 10,784 cases and 20,406 controls, all of European ancestry. Twenty-four promising loci were further tested in an independent replication set of 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls drawn from three independent series (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Fig. 1</xref>).</p><sec disp-level="1"><title>Results</title><sec disp-level="2"><title>Discovery-phase findings</title><p>For both the GWAS and replication sets, cases were restricted to invasive RCC (International Classification of Disease for Oncology second and third Edition topography code C64), including all histological subtypes, diagnosed in adults (that is, ≥aged 18 years) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). Comparable sample and SNP quality control exclusions were applied to the two new genotyped scans (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Online methods</xref>), which used the OmniExpress and Omni5M arrays, respectively. The discovery phase was conducted as a fixed-effect meta-analysis that included these two new scans together with four previously published scans (IARC-1, NCI-1, MDA and UK). The four previously reported scans were conducted using HumanHap 300 and 610 for IARC-1; 500 and 660w for NCI-1; 660w for MDA; and OmniExpress and HumanHap 1.2 M for UK. Imputations were performed on all scans using 1,094 subjects from the 1000 Genomes Project (phase 1 release 3) as the reference panel (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Online methods</xref>). Each discovery-stage data set was analysed individually assuming log-additive (trend) SNP effects, with the exception of the two IARC scans which were pooled and analysed together (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Online methods</xref>). We then performed a fixed-effects meta-analysis of 7,437,091 SNPs that were polymorphic in at least two data sets. Quantile–quantile plots of the combined results showed little evidence for inflation of the test statistics compared to the expected distribution (<italic>λ</italic>=1.034; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 1</xref>). For visual representation, we provide a Manhattan plot summarizing the genome-wide SNP results in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 2</xref>.</p><p>In the meta-analysis, we observed associations that surpassed the level of genome-wide significance for all six of the previously reported GWAS loci at 2p21, 2q22.3, 8q24.21, 11q13.3, 12p11.23 and 12q24.31 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). We did not find evidence to support a previously suggested locus marked by rs3845536 at 1q24.1 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b15">15</xref>) (meta-analysis <italic>P</italic>=0.0062).</p><p>For replication, we selected 24 SNPs marking 20 possible new-risk regions, based on a <italic>P</italic> value <5.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup>. We also included two SNPs at the known 2p21 RCC risk locus that were potentially independent from the previously reported genome-wide significant SNPs in that region<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b16">16</xref>. Four additional SNPs representing four promising loci (one of which was among the 20 previously mentioned regions) were also advanced from an analysis restricted to ccRCC (5,649 cases, 15,011 controls) based on the aforementioned <italic>P</italic> value criterion (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 1</xref>). For genotyping these markers using Taqman assays, highly correlated proxy variants were substituted for 14 SNPs for which a Taqman assay could not be optimized; two proxies per variant were selected for two SNPs in the region where the smallest <italic>P</italic> values were found. Thus, a total of 32 SNPs from 24 regions were genotyped and passed quality control metrics in three independent series totalling 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Fig. 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 3</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Online methods</xref>).</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Seven new loci associated with RCC risk</title><p>In the combined analysis, SNPs at seven loci showed evidence for an association with RCC which was genome-wide significant: 1p32.3 (rs4381241, <italic>P</italic>=3.1 × 10<sup>−10</sup>), 3p22.1 (rs67311347, <italic>P</italic>=2.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), 3q26.2 (rs10936602, <italic>P</italic>=8.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup>), 8p21.3 (rs2241261, <italic>P</italic>=5.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup>), 10q24.33-q25.1 (rs11813268, <italic>P</italic>=3.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), 11q22.3 (rs74911261, <italic>P</italic>=2.1 × 10<sup>−10</sup>) and 14q24.2 (rs4903064, <italic>P</italic>=2.2 × 10<sup>−24</sup>) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 1</xref>). None of SNP associations showed between study heterogeneity. Regional LD plots for each locus are detailed in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 3</xref>. Restricting the analyses to ccRCC, no additional SNPs with genome-wide significant associations were identified (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 1</xref>).</p><p>We conducted further analyses of the genome-wide significant SNPs stratifying by sex and three established RCC risk factors: body mass index, smoking and hypertension (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 4</xref>). The most notable difference in risk was observed for the 14q24 variants that had a stronger effect in women than in men [for rs4903064, odds ratios: ORs (95% confidence interval: CI) of 1.36 (1.28–1.45) and 1.13 (1.08–1.19), respectively; heterogeneity <italic>P</italic>=7.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup>]. Other observed differences across strata were of smaller magnitude (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 4</xref>). No notable findings were observed in additional SNP analyses of non-clear cell histologic subtypes (papillary, chromophobe; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 1</xref>) and case age at onset (<60 versus 60+) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 2</xref>). For SNP rs76912165, which was not genome-wide significant overall, a trend for higher risk associated with stage 1 cases was observed (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 2</xref>).</p><p>We investigated whether rs6706003 and rs6755594 defined independent signals at the previously reported 2p21 locus. rs6706003 is minimally correlated with rs7579899 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.11 in CEU)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b17">17</xref> that was identified in the initial GWAS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref>, and moderately correlated with rs12617313 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.61), which was identified in a previous fine-mapping analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b16">16</xref>. By comparison, the correlation of rs6755594 with both of these sites is notably weaker (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.04 and 0.08, respectively). In conditional analyses of the GWAS data adjusting for rs7579899 and rs12617313, the rs6706003 signal was substantially reduced (OR 1.07, <italic>P</italic>=0.05), while the rs6755594 signal was partially attenuated (OR 1.07, <italic>P</italic>=4.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup>). On the basis of these findings, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that rs6755594 marks an independent locus in this region.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Newly identified loci and biological inferences</title><p>To investigate plausible candidate variants and genes among the newly discovered loci for further study, we: (1) fine-mapped each locus, using 1000 Genome Phase 1, version 3 data (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 3</xref>); (2) screened non-coding annotation from ENCODE data using HaploReg v4.1 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b18">18</xref>) and RegulomeDB v1.2 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>) to identify possible functional variants, primarily in cells of non-kidney origin but also in BC_kidney_01-11002 and BC_kidney_H12817N cell lines (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 3</xref>); and (3) performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses with genes located up to 3 Mb around the newly identified risk markers (or highly correlated proxies) using ccRCC and normal kidney tissue data from the Cancer Genome Atlas [Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) collection; 481 tumour and 71 normal tissue samples]<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref> and IARC (555 tumour and 234 normal tissue samples)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b21">21</xref> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 4</xref>).</p><p>The new highly significant locus marked by rs4903064 at 14q24 maps to the double PHD fingers 3 gene (<italic>DPF3</italic>), which encodes a histone acetylation and methylation reader of the BAF and PBAF chromatin remodelling complexes. This locus contains a set of correlated SNPs (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.8 in 1000G EUR) that reside within the introns of <italic>DPF3</italic> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 3</xref>), of which only rs4903064 itself is annotated as likely to disrupt transcription factor binding (RegulomeDB score <4)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>. This variant is located within a region annotated as an enhancer in multiple tissues by the RoadMap project<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b22">22</xref> and is predicted to alter IRX2/IRX5 binding motifs. In an eQTL analysis, we observed a consistent pattern of increased DPF3 expression associated with the rs49030604 risk allele in both the KIRC and IARC data sets (<italic>P</italic>=5.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup> and 3.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, respectively, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 4</xref>). A consistent, but statistically weaker, expression pattern in the normal kidney tissue data sets of more limited sample size was also observed (<italic>P</italic>=0.15 and 0.42, respectively). It is noteworthy that 14q24 is deleted in 22–45% of ccRCC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b23">23</xref>. While <italic>DPF3</italic> mutation is rare in RCC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref>, somatic alterations of <italic>BAP1</italic> and <italic>PBRM1</italic>, components of the BAF and PBAF complexes, respectively, are commonly seen in ccRCC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b24">24</xref>. In this regard, deregulation of this pathway is a common feature of RCC, and these data suggest that rs4903064 may play a role in RCC development through dysregulation of the DPF3 expression.</p><p>For the 1p32.3 locus marked by rs4381241, an intronic SNP within FAS-associated factor 1 (<italic>FAF1)</italic> that encodes a protein that can initiate or enhance FAS-mediated apoptosis, we identified several promising correlated variants with RegulomeDB scores, suggesting alteration of transcription factor binding (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 3</xref>) but did not observe a strong effect on expression (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 4</xref>). FAS-associated factor 1 facilitates the degradation of β-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator that stimulates expression of genes driving cell proliferation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b25">25</xref>. Constitutively activated β-catenin, induced by VHL inactivation, is an important pathway in ccRCC oncogenesis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b26">26</xref>. The rs4381241 risk allele is weakly correlated (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.12 in CEU) with the allele of another <italic>FAF1</italic> variant (rs17106184) associated with reduced risk of type-2 diabetes and lower serum insulin post oral glucose challenge<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b27">27</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b28">28</xref>.</p><p>The risk variant rs67311347 maps to a region of 3p22.1 that harbours several genes. Within the KIRC tumour tissue data, the risk-associated allele of the surrogate SNP rs9821249 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.97 with rs67311347 in CEU) was weakly associated with higher expression of <italic>CTNNB1</italic> (<italic>P</italic>=0.03). This gene, located 706 kb away centromeric, is a strong candidate as it encodes the RCC proto-oncogene β–catenin, although this association was not seen within the IARC data set. In both normal tissue data sets, the risk-associated allele of rs67311347 was associated with a higher expression of <italic>ZNF620</italic> (<italic>P</italic>=0.03 and 0.02). This gene encodes the Zinc finger protein 620, but the function of this protein has not been well described.</p><p>The 8p21.3 risk variants rs2241261 and rs2889 (used as proxy for rs2241260, <italic>P</italic>=1.6 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.61 with rs2241261 in CEU; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 1</xref>) are located 0.9 and 1.7 kb respectively from <italic>TNFRSF10B</italic>, a tumour suppressor gene encoding a mediator of apoptosis signalling<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b29">29</xref>. In both the KIRC and IARC tumour tissue data (<italic>P=</italic>0.002 and 0.03, respectively), the rs2241261 risk allele was associated with a decreased expression of <italic>GFRA2</italic>, which encodes for cell-surface receptor for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN), and mediates activation of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor (Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 4</xref>). A potential link with renal tissue function has not been described. Of the variants in strong LD with either rs2241261 or rs2889 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.8 in 1000G EUR), only rs2889 is annotated as a strong regulatory candidate by RegulomeDB, predicted to be in a strong enhancer region and altering motifs for FOX family members of transcription factors (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 3</xref>).</p><p>SNPs rs74911261 and rs1800057 are located 214 kb apart on 11q22.3 and are highly correlated (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.83 in CEU) non-synonymous variants, but for separate genes; rs74911261 (P144L) maps to <italic>KDELC2</italic>, which encodes a protein localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum, while rs1800057 (P1054R) maps to the DNA repair gene <italic>ATM.</italic> The functional prediction tools SIFT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b30">30</xref> and PolyPhen-2 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b31">31</xref>) suggest that both amino acid substitutions are damaging. It is also plausible that they are correlated with regulatory variants that influence expression of nearby genes. In eQTL analyses, no consistent associations were detected. Only one of the five variants with strong LD to rs74911261 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.8 in 1000G EUR) has a RegulomeDB score suggesting likely disruption of transcription factor binding (score<4), rs141379009, and is located within a region annotated as an enhancer by the Roadmap project and predicted to alter a consensus Zfp105/ZNF35 binding motif (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 3</xref>). <italic>ATM</italic> mutations in RCC are uncommon<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b23">23</xref>, and ataxia telangiectasia patients, though at markedly elevated cancer risk, have not been reported to frequently develop RCC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b32">32</xref>, questioning a direct role of <italic>ATM</italic> in RCC susceptibility.</p><p>For the remaining two new RCC risk loci, <italic>in silico</italic> analyses and eQTL did not indicate altered regulation of a plausible candidate gene. For each of these loci, we identified SNPs that correlate with low RegulomeDB scores for intriguing nearby candidate genes (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Data 3</xref>). The marker SNP rs10936602 maps to 3q26.2, a region amplified in 15% of ccRCC tumours in KIRC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref>; several notable nearby genes could represent possible candidate genes, including <italic>MECOM</italic>, a transcriptional regulator frequently amplified in RCC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref>, and <italic>TERC</italic>, encoding a component of telomerase, in which mutations cause autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita and aplastic anaemia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">33</xref>. This risk variant is moderately correlated with variants previously associated with telomere length and risk of several malignancies, including multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, bladder cancer, glioma and colorectal cancer (rs10936599, rs12696304, rs1920116; <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.66, 0.58 and 0.80, respectively)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b34">34</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b35">35</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b36">36</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b37">37</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b38">38</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b39">39</xref>. The 10q24 risk variant rs11813268 is located 4 kb upstream of <italic>OBFC1</italic>, a gene identified in GWAS and laboratory investigation as a regulator of human telomere length<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b40">40</xref>. This risk variant is highly correlated with SNPs associated with leucocyte telomere length (rs4387287, rs9419958 and rs9420907; <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.99, 0.82 and 0.82, respectively)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b40">40</xref>, and to a lesser degree with melanoma (rs2995264, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.52)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b41">41</xref>, suggesting the underlying basis for RCC risk may be mediated through a common pathway.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Polygenic risk score analysis and explained heritability</title><p>Additional analyses were conducted by generating a polygenic risk score (PRS) from 13 SNPs mapping to the six previously reported and seven newly identified susceptibility loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>). Accepting the caveat of the winner's curse phenomenon, whereby the strength of SNP associations may have been overestimated, subjects in the highest decile of the PRS had a threefold increased risk of RCC relative to the lowest decile (OR 3.24, 95% CI 2.86–3.67; <italic>P</italic>=1.2 × 10<sup>−76</sup>). Stratifying by histological subtypes, the PRS was most strongly associated with clear cell RCC (per unit increase: OR 3.24, 95% CI 2.91–3.62; <italic>P</italic>=3.4 × 10<sup>−100</sup>), with a weaker association for chromophobe RCC (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.58–3.46; <italic>P</italic>=3.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup>) and papillary RCC (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.44–2.32; <italic>P</italic>=5.3 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). The PRS did not significantly differ between cases aged <60 versus 60+ at diagnosis or across cancer stage (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>).</p><p>Using Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA), we estimate that the heritability and familial relative risk of RCC attributable to all common variation were 14.2% (SE=0.023) and 1.52 (SE=0.10), respectively. After excluding established and newly identified loci, the estimates were 12.8% (SE=0.023) and 1.46 (SE=0.10), respectively. On the basis of these estimates, ∼90% of the heritability and familial risk remains to be elucidated.</p></sec></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Discussion</title><p>Our meta-analysis of six GWAS scans identified seven new RCC susceptibility loci. Our findings provide further evidence for polygenic susceptibility to RCC. Future investigation of the genes targeted by the risk SNPs is likely to yield increased insight into the development of RCC. We estimate that the risk loci so far identified for RCC account for only about 10% of the familial risk of RCC. Although the power of our study to detect the major common loci (MAF>0.2) conferring risk ≥1.2 was high (∼80%), we had low power to detect alleles with smaller effects and/or MAF<0.1. By implication, variants with such profiles probably represent a much larger class of susceptibility loci for RCC and hence a large number of variants remain to be discovered. In parallel, whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing of genetically enriched cases selected according to early age of onset or family history would provide new opportunities to discover rare variants associated with RCC. As more RCC susceptibility alleles are discovered, deciphering the biological basis of risk variants should provide new insights into the biology of RCC that may lead to new approaches to prevention, early detection and therapeutic intervention.</p></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Methods</title><sec disp-level="2"><title>Informed consent and study approval</title><p>Each participating study obtained informed consent from the study participants and approval from its Institutional Review Board (for the IARC scans and replication: IARC Ethics Committee; for the MDA scans and replication: Institutional Review Board of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; for the UK scan: Royal Marsden NHS Trust ethics committee; for the NCI scans: NCI Special Studies Institutional Review Board, The Vanderbilt Institutional Review Board, the Emory University Institutional Review Board, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center institutional review board, Institutional Review Board of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Institutional Review Board of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Van Andel Research Institute Institutional Review Board, Spectrum Health Institutional Review Board and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Institutional Review Board; for the Mayo replication: Mayo Clinic institutional review board.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Genome-wide SNP genotyping</title><p>Genome-wide SNP genotyping for two new scans was coordinated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI-2; NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-2; IARC, Lyon, France). The NCI-2 samples, obtained from 13 studies conducted in the US and Finland (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>), were genotyped at the NCI Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) using the Illumina OmniExpress array. The NCI-2 scan included controls previously genotyped by Illumina OmniExpress, or Omni 2.5Marray from some of the participating studies (ATBC, CPSII, HPFS, NHS, PLCO and WHI; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). IARC-2 samples, obtained from six studies conducted in Europe and Australia (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>), were genotyped at the Centre National de Genotypage, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CNG, CEA, Evry and Paris) using the Illumina Omni 5 M arrays. Additional controls (<italic>N</italic>=447) from one study (IARC K2) were also included, which had been genotyped on the OmniExpress array at Johns Hopkins Center for Inherited Disease Research.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Quality control assessment</title><p>The quality control exclusions for the four previously published scans have been reported<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>. For the two new scans, quality control was conducted separately at each institution using comparable exclusions.</p><p>For the new IARC-2 scan, a total of 5,424 samples were genotyped on the Illumina Omni5 chip. Samples were excluded sequentially based on the following criteria: heterozygosity rate (<italic>n</italic>=14, 0.3%), relatedness (<italic>n</italic>=7, 0.1%), non-CEU ancestry (<italic>n</italic>=37, 0.7%), sex discrepancy (<italic>n</italic>=20, 0.4%), genotyping success rate <95% (<italic>n</italic>=14, 0.3%) and unexpected duplicates (<italic>n</italic>=22, 0.4%). After adding the 447 previously scanned controls (OmniExpress array) from the IARC K2 study, using the above-listed criteria we excluded 22 samples (4.9%) and, due to unexpected duplicates or first-degree relatedness between the two scans, an additional 11 (2.5%) samples from this scan and three samples from the Omni5 scan. From the Omni5 scan, genotypes for 4,276,196 SNPs were obtained, of which we excluded 127,523 SNPs because of low (<95%) success rate, 14,513 SNPs for departure from Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium (HWE) (<italic>P</italic><10<sup>−7</sup>) in controls, 65,300 with ambiguous strand issues, and 37,319 non-autosomal SNPs. The final Omni5 analytical data set included 4,031,541 SNPs on 2,781 cases and 2,526 controls. For the same criteria, the 951,117 SNPs obtained from the OmniExpress array were pruned from 16,409, 1,132, 24,370 and 20,715 SNPs, respectively, leaving a final data set of 888,491 SNPs on 414 controls. Imputation of genotypes was performed on these data sets after the exclusion of 2,485,185 SNPs from the Omni5, and 742 SNPs from the OmniExpress scans, when minor allele frequency (MAF) was <0.05.</p><p>For the new NCI-2 scan, a total of 3,168 samples were initially genotyped by the OmniExpress array. A total of 22,775 (3%) SNPs with call rate <90% were excluded, as were 282 samples (9%) with completion rate<94%. After this exclusion, the concordance rate was >99.9% for 66 pairs of blind duplicate pairs. After removing duplicates, a data set including 2,820 unique samples was advanced to further assess quality control at the subject level. In addition, we excluded 10 sex-discordant individuals and two individuals with excessively low mean heterozygosity for ChrX SNPs. For the cleaned data including genotypes for 2,808 individuals, we next pooled in a total of 4,221 previously scanned controls (HumanOmni2.5M or HumanOmniExpress array) from the ATBC, CPSII, HPFS, NHS, PLCO and WHI studies (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). After merging the newly scanned data with the previously scanned controls, we obtained genotypes for 7,029 individuals. Subsequently, we excluded data for 204 non-CEU individuals (admixture proportion for CEU<80%), both members of a pair of unexpected within-study duplicate samples, one from each of eight unexpected cross-study duplicate pairs, and one from each of eight related pairs (two parent–child pairs and six sibling pairs). The final analytic data comprised 6,808 individuals (2,417 cases, 4,391 controls) for 678,580 loci.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Statistical analysis</title><p>The statistical analysis included summary data from four previously published scans conducted at the NCI (NCI-1)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref>, IARC (IARC-1)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref>, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref>, and the Institute of Cancer Research, UK (UK)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>, as well as the two new scans from NCI (NCI-2) and IARC (IARC-2). The IARC-1 and IARC-2 data were pooled, resulting in five separate discovery-stage data sets. Imputation was performed separately for each scan data set using SNPs of minor allele frequency ≥0.01 (≥0.05 for the IARC data set), with 1000 Genomes Project data (phase 1 release 3) used as a reference set. IMPUTE2 version 2.2.2 was used for imputation of the NCI-1, NCI-2, MDA and UK data sets, while Minimac version 3 was used for the IARC data set<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b42">42</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b43">43</xref>. Imputed SNPs with sufficient accuracy as assessed by <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>≥0.3 for both IMPUTE2 and Minimac were retained for the analysis. We further assessed the quality of imputation by randomly selecting 10% of genotyped SNPs on chromosome 1 within the IARC-1 series (which used the least-dense chip across the different scans) and removing them before running the imputation algorithm. MAFs calculated from the genotyping data correlated with <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> >0.99 with MAFs calculated from the imputed dosage data. Finally, top SNPs were technically validated through Taqman genotyping in the IARC and NCI-2 scan (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). After imputation, genotypes for 7,437,091 SNPs were available for analysis.</p><p>Association testing with RCC was conducted separately for each data set assuming log-additive (trend) SNP effects using SNPTEST version 2.2 at NCI and R version 3.2.3 at IARC. The model covariates varied by data set; for the previous scans, we used the same covariates as in the initially published analyses. The covariates were as follows: sex and study for NCI-1 (no statistically significant eigenvectors present in null model); sex and four significant eigenvectors for NCI-2; age, sex and two significant eigenvectors for MDA; no covariates for the UK; and sex, study, and 19 significant eigenvectors for IARC-1 and IARC-2. Eigenvectors were considered significant if <italic>P<</italic>0.05 from the Tracy–Widom statistics. In the IARC series, all 19 eigenvectors were significantly associated with the country of recruitment. We additionally conducted analyses restricted to ccRCC. The SNP association results from each data set were combined by meta-analysis using a fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity in genetic effects across data sets was assessed using the <italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup> and Cochran's Q statistics.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Analysis of heritability</title><p>We estimated GWAS heritability, <italic>h</italic><sub>l</sub><sup>2</sup>, using the GCTA software<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b44">44</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b45">45</xref> and data from the NCI-1 and NCI-2 scans. Analyses assumed a disease prevalence of 1.66%, included only SNPs with MAF >0.05, removed subjects missing more than 5% of genotypes and adjusted for sex, substudy and the top 20 eigenvectors. In addition to quality control steps taken for the original GWAS, we removed SNPs with a missing rate >10% or a HWE <italic>P</italic> value <10<sup>−5</sup> in the control group in any study. To estimate heritability attributable to undiscovered loci, we identified 21 SNPs that were associated with renal cancer (<italic>P<</italic>5.0 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and removed all SNPs within 250 kb of those loci before calculation of the genetic relation matrix. After subject exclusions, data from 3,609 cases and 7,524 controls were included in the heritability analysis. Familial relative risk was estimated by established methods<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b46">46</xref>.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Replication genotyping and analysis</title><p>After filtering out previous GWAS-identified SNPs, we selected for replication 32 SNPs with association <italic>P</italic> values <5.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup>. A separate set of 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls of European ancestry were genotyped at three institutions (IARC: 1,674 cases and 4,222 controls; Mayo Clinic: 909 cases and 1,479 controls; MDA: 599 cases and 600 controls) for replication. Genotyping at IARC and MDA was conducted by Taqman assay (Applied Biosystems, CA, USA), while the Mayo Clinic samples were genotyped using a combination of MassARRAY (Agena Bioscience, Inc., CA, USA) and Taqman assays. The associations with each SNP (per minor allele/trend) were computed individually for each institution (IARC: adjusted for sex and study; Mayo Clinic: age and sex; MDA: age and sex) and combined with the discovery-stage results through fixed-effects meta-analysis.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Polygenic risk score and analyses of additional RCC phenotypes</title><p>PRS was calculated for 13 SNPs, one from each of the six previously identified loci and seven newly identified RCC risk loci (rs7105934, rs4765623, rs718314, rs11894252, rs12105918, rs6470588, rs4381241, rs67311347, rs10936602, rs2241261, rs11813268, rs74911261 and rs4903064), as follows:</p><p><disp-formula id="eq1"><inline-graphic id="d32e2883" xlink:href="ncomms15724-m1.jpg"></inline-graphic></disp-formula></p><p>where PRS<sub><italic>i</italic></sub> is the risk score for individual <italic>i</italic>, <italic>x</italic><sub><italic>ij</italic></sub> is the number of risk alleles for the <italic>j</italic>th variant and <italic>w</italic><sub><italic>j</italic></sub> is the weight [ln(OR)] of the <italic>j</italic>th variant. Associations with the PRS and individual SNPs selected for replication were computed for the following RCC phenotypes: papillary and chromophobe RCC histologies (through case-control analyses); age at onset (<60 versus 60+ years at diagnosis; case-only analyses) and stage (2, 3 and 4 versus 1; case-only analyses). The stage-stratified analyses were restricted to the IARC data sets, for which these data were available.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Technical validation of imputed SNPs</title><p>To technically validate our imputation findings, we genotyped the 32 SNPs carried over for replication by Taqman assay in a subset of samples from the NCI-2 and IARC-1/2 scans (<italic>n</italic>=566 and 6,402 respectively). The concordances between imputed and directly assayed genotypes are detailed in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Gene expression data and eQTL analysis</title><p>KIRC: Genotyping and RNAseq data for the KIRC TCGA samples (481 tumours and 71 normal renal tissues) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (http://cancergenome.nih.gov/, accessed on 15 January 2016). We quantified expression as normalized read counts and removed outlier samples with expression values exceeding 1.5 times the interquartile range. Linear trend tests were used to test for allele-specific increases in gene expression for genes within a 6 Mb window. Analyses were performed using R v3.1.</p><p>IARC: For a subset of cases from the IARC K2 and the CE studies (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>), gene expression analysis of renal normal and tumour tissue samples were conducted using Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 expression BeadChips (Illumina, Inc., San Diego) for samples with RNA integrity (RIN) >5.0. Raw expression intensities of samples with signal-to-noise ratio >9.5 were processed with variance-stabilizing transformation and quantile normalization with lumi package<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b47">47</xref> as reported by Wozniak <italic>et al</italic>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b21">21</xref>. The 50 mer sequences of probes were mapped to human reference genome hg19 downloaded from UCSC Genome Browser database (http://genome.ucsc.edu/, accessed on 15 November 2014) using BWA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b48">48</xref> to demarcate positional relationships between corresponding probes/genes and SNPs. In total, 234 normal and 555 tumour tissue samples from confirmed clear cell RCC cases with available genotyping data were used to test for allele-specific increases in gene expression for genes within a 6 Mb window under linear trend assumption. Analyses were performed using R v3.1.3.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Data availability</title><p>The scan IARC-2 obtained Institutional Review Board certification permitting data sharing in accordance with the US NIH Policy for Sharing of Data Obtained in NIH Supported or Conducted GWAS. Data are accessible on dbGaP (study name: ‘Pooled Genome-Wide Analysis of Kidney Cancer Risk (KIDRISK)'; url: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs001271.v1.p1">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs001271.v1.p1</ext-link>). Similarly, the NCI-1 scan is accessible on dbGaP (phs000351.v1.p1). Data from IARC-1 and MDA scans are available from Paul Brennan and Xifeng Wu, respectively, upon reasonable request. The UK scan data will be made available on the European Genome-phenome Archive database (accession number: EGAS00001002336). The NCI-2 scan will be posted on dbGaP.</p><p>TCGA data were accessed at the following url: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://gdc-portal.nci.nih.gov/projects/TCGA-KIRC">https://gdc-portal.nci.nih.gov/projects/TCGA-KIRC</ext-link>.</p></sec></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Additional information</title><p><bold>How to cite this article:</bold> Scelo, G. <italic>et al</italic>. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma. <italic>Nat. Commun.</italic><bold>8,</bold> 15724 doi: 10.1038/ncomms15724 (2017).</p><p><bold>Publisher's note:</bold> Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="S1"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material id="d32e18" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Supplementary Information</title><p>Supplementary Figures, Supplementary Tables, Supplementary Notes and Supplementary References</p></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms15724-s1.pdf"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="d32e24" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Supplementary Data 1</title><p>Associations with renal cell carcinoma and selected histologic subtypes (clear cell, papillary, chromophobe) for SNPs selected for replication</p></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms15724-s2.xlsx"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="d32e30" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Supplementary Data 2</title><p>Case-only associations with age at onset and stage for SNPs selected for replication</p></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms15724-s3.xlsx"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="d32e36" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Supplementary Data 3</title><p>Annotation of functional variation in newly identified susceptibility regions using ENCODE data</p></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms15724-s4.xlsx"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="d32e42" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Supplementary Data 4</title><p>Expression quantitative trail locus analysis (eQTL) results for genes located up to 3Mb around the newly identified risk markers (or highly-correlated proxies) using clear cell renal cell carcinoma and normal kidney tissue data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma collection (KIRC; 481 tumor and 71 normal tissue samples] and IARC (555 tumor and 234 normal tissue samples). eQTL p-values <0.05 are highlighted.</p></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms15724-s5.xlsx"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="d32e48" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Peer Review File</title></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms15724-s6.pdf"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack><p>The authors thank all of the participants who took part in this research and the funders and support staff who made this study possible. Funding for the genome-wide genotyping was provided by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (U01CA155309) for those studies coordinated by IARC and by the intramural research program of the National Cancer Institute, US NIH, for those studies coordinated by the NCI. Funding for the IARC gene expression and eQTL study was provided by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (U01CA155309). 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A.Bo., A.C., B.A.-A., C.B., E.P., F.L.C.-K., G.D., H.Bl., K.G.S., L.Bu., M.B.W., M.Y. and N.Rob. performed the experiments. A.S.P., G.Sc., J.E.E.-P., J.C., J.D.M., J.N.H., J.N.S., K.M.B., L.M.C., M.B.W., M.F., M.J., M.J.M., M.P.P., P.Br., P.L., S.J.C., V.G., X.W., Y.Y. and Z.W. contributed the design and execution of the statistical analysis. G.Sc., K.M.B., L.M.C., M.J.M., M.P.P., P.Br. and S.J.C. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. The remaining authors, as well as A.S.P., G.Sc., J.E.E.-P., M.J., M.P.P., P.Br., X.W. and Y.Y. conducted the epidemiologic studies and contributed samples to the GWAS and/or replication studies. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.</p></fn></fn-group></back><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Overview of the study design.</title><p>The six genotyping scans contributing to the meta-analysis are detailed on the left, with number of cases and controls and arrays used for the genotyping. The meta-analysis was performed after imputations on 7,437,091 SNPs. Boxes in italic bold represent genotype data newly generated for this study.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms15724-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Plots of eQTL association between rs4903064 and DPF3 expression.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) TCGA-KIRC normal, (<bold>b</bold>) TCGA-KIRC tumour, (<bold>c</bold>) IARC normal, and (<bold>d</bold>) IARC tumour sample data sets. Box boundaries designate the twenty-fifth and seventy-fifth percentiles, black line in the centre of boxes represent the median, whiskers extend to the minimum of either the data range or 1.5 times the interquartile range and statistical outliers are plotted as points.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms15724-f2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Summary results for newly discovered loci associated with renal cell carcinoma.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Locus</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>SNP</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t1-fn1">*</xref></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Closest gene</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Position (base pairs)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>A/a</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t1-fn2">†</xref></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>MAF</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t1-fn3">‡</xref></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Statistics</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Discovery (10,784 cases; 20,406 controls)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Replication (3,182 cases; 6,301 controls)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Combined (13,966 cases; 26,707 controls)</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1p32.3</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs4381241</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>FAF1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">50907438</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.44</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.11 (1.07–1.15)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.11 (1.03–1.20)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.11 (1.07–1.15)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.1 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.1 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3p22.1</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs67311347</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">40533243</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">G/A</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.31</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.89 (0.86–0.93)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.94 (0.88–1.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.87–0.94)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.8 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">56%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">20%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3q26.2</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs10936602</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>LRRIQ4</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">169536637</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.27</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.86–0.94)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.85–0.98)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.87–0.93)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.7 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">8p21.3</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs2241261</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>RHOBTB2</italic>/<italic>TNFRSF10B</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">22876739</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">C/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.51</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.10 (1.06–1.14)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.10 (1.03–1.17)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.10 (1.06–1.13)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.5 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.0 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">58%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">10q24.33-q25.1</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs11813268</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>OBFC1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">105682296</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">C/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.16</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.13 (1.08–1.19)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.10 (1.01–1.19)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.12 (1.07–1.17)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5.1 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.1 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">32%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">11q22.3</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs74911261</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>KDELC2</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">108357137</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">G/A</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.02</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.42 (1.26–1.61)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.38 (1.12–1.69)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.41 (1.27—1.57)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.1 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.1 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs1800057</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ATM</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">108143456</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">C/G</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.02</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.40 (1.24–1.59)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.30 (1.04–1.62)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.38 (1.23–1.53)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.1 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.2 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">14%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">14q24.2</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">rs4903064</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>DPF3</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">73279420</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.23</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.18 (1.13–1.23)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.30 (1.21–1.39)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.21 (1.16–1.25)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.1 × 10<sup>−14</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.6 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.2 × 10<sup>−24</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">36%</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t1-fn1"><p><sup>*</sup>SNP with lowest <italic>P</italic> value within locus. For 11q22.3, results shown for two non-synonymous SNPs in <italic>KDELC2</italic> (rs74911261, Pro144Leu) and <italic>ATM</italic> (rs1800057, Pro1054Arg; <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.83 in CEU).</p></fn><fn id="t1-fn2"><p><sup>†</sup>A, common allele; a, minor allele.</p></fn><fn id="t1-fn3"><p><sup>‡</sup>Minor allele frequency among all controls (<italic>n</italic>=26,707). Odds ratios (OR) are shown for the minor allele, assuming a log-additive (trend) SNP effect.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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