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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia</title><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I." last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camp, Nicola J" sort="Camp, Nicola J" uniqKey="Camp N" first="Nicola J." last="Camp">Nicola J. Camp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skibola, Christine F" sort="Skibola, Christine F" uniqKey="Skibola C" first="Christine F." last="Skibola">Christine F. Skibola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health</institution>, Berkeley, California 94720,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vijai, Joseph" sort="Vijai, Joseph" uniqKey="Vijai J" first="Joseph" last="Vijai">Joseph Vijai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Jian" sort="Gu, Jian" uniqKey="Gu J" first="Jian" last="Gu">Jian Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieters, Alexandra" sort="Nieters, Alexandra" uniqKey="Nieters A" first="Alexandra" last="Nieters">Alexandra Nieters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg</institution>, Freiburg, 79108 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, Rachel S" sort="Kelly, Rachel S" uniqKey="Kelly R" first="Rachel S." last="Kelly">Rachel S. Kelly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smedby, Karin E" sort="Smedby, Karin E" uniqKey="Smedby K" first="Karin E." last="Smedby">Karin E. Smedby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital</institution>, Stockholm 17176,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monnereau, Alain" sort="Monnereau, Alain" uniqKey="Monnereau A" first="Alain" last="Monnereau">Alain Monnereau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)</institution>, F-94807 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, 75270 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Registre des hémopathies malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié</institution>, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cozen, Wendy" sort="Cozen, Wendy" uniqKey="Cozen W" first="Wendy" last="Cozen">Wendy Cozen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles, California 90033,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles, California 90033,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Angela" sort="Cox, Angela" uniqKey="Cox A" first="Angela" last="Cox">Angela Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Sophia S" sort="Wang, Sophia S" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Sophia S." last="Wang">Sophia S. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute</institution>, Duarte, California 91030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lan, Qing" sort="Lan, Qing" uniqKey="Lan Q" first="Qing" last="Lan">Qing Lan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teras, Lauren R" sort="Teras, Lauren R" uniqKey="Teras L" first="Lauren R." last="Teras">Lauren R. Teras</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machado, Moara" sort="Machado, Moara" uniqKey="Machado M" first="Moara" last="Machado">Moara Machado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>, Belo Horizonte 31270-901,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks Wilson, Angela R" sort="Brooks Wilson, Angela R" uniqKey="Brooks Wilson A" first="Angela R." last="Brooks-Wilson">Angela R. Brooks-Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University</institution>, Burnaby, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5A1S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartge, Patricia" sort="Hartge, Patricia" uniqKey="Hartge P" first="Patricia" last="Hartge">Patricia Hartge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purdue, Mark P" sort="Purdue, Mark P" uniqKey="Purdue M" first="Mark P." last="Purdue">Mark P. Purdue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Ontario Health Study</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country> M5G 0A3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birmann, Brenda M" sort="Birmann, Brenda M" uniqKey="Birmann B" first="Brenda M." last="Birmann">Brenda M. Birmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vajdic, Claire M" sort="Vajdic, Claire M" uniqKey="Vajdic C" first="Claire M." last="Vajdic">Claire M. Vajdic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cocco, Pierluigi" sort="Cocco, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Cocco P" first="Pierluigi" last="Cocco">Pierluigi Cocco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari</institution>, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yawei" sort="Zhang, Yawei" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yawei" last="Zhang">Yawei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G." last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" sort="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" uniqKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte A" first="Anne" last="Zeleniuch-Jacquotte">Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a32"><institution>Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lawrence, Charles" sort="Lawrence, Charles" uniqKey="Lawrence C" first="Charles" last="Lawrence">Charles Lawrence</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Westat</institution>, Rockville, Maryland 20850,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montalvan, Rebecca" sort="Montalvan, Rebecca" uniqKey="Montalvan R" first="Rebecca" last="Montalvan">Rebecca Montalvan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Westat</institution>, Rockville, Maryland 20850,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdett, Laurie" sort="Burdett, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdett L" first="Laurie" last="Burdett">Laurie Burdett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Amy" sort="Hutchinson, Amy" uniqKey="Hutchinson A" first="Amy" last="Hutchinson">Amy Hutchinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Yuanqing" sort="Ye, Yuanqing" uniqKey="Ye Y" first="Yuanqing" last="Ye">Yuanqing Ye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Call, Timothy G" sort="Call, Timothy G" uniqKey="Call T" first="Timothy G." last="Call">Timothy G. Call</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shanafelt, Tait D" sort="Shanafelt, Tait D" uniqKey="Shanafelt T" first="Tait D." last="Shanafelt">Tait D. Shanafelt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Novak, Anne J" sort="Novak, Anne J" uniqKey="Novak A" first="Anne J." last="Novak">Anne J. Novak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kay, Neil E" sort="Kay, Neil E" uniqKey="Kay N" first="Neil E." last="Kay">Neil E. Kay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liebow, Mark" sort="Liebow, Mark" uniqKey="Liebow M" first="Mark" last="Liebow">Mark Liebow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Julie M" sort="Cunningham, Julie M" uniqKey="Cunningham J" first="Julie M." last="Cunningham">Julie M. Cunningham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allmer, Cristine" sort="Allmer, Cristine" uniqKey="Allmer C" first="Cristine" last="Allmer">Cristine Allmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hjalgrim, Henrik" sort="Hjalgrim, Henrik" uniqKey="Hjalgrim H" first="Henrik" last="Hjalgrim">Henrik Hjalgrim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2300 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adami, Hans Olov" sort="Adami, Hans Olov" uniqKey="Adami H" first="Hans-Olov" last="Adami">Hans-Olov Adami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 17177 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melbye, Mads" sort="Melbye, Mads" uniqKey="Melbye M" first="Mads" last="Melbye">Mads Melbye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2300 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a40"><institution>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glimelius, Bengt" sort="Glimelius, Bengt" uniqKey="Glimelius B" first="Bengt" last="Glimelius">Bengt Glimelius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University</institution>, 75105 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Ellen T" sort="Chang, Ellen T" uniqKey="Chang E" first="Ellen T." last="Chang">Ellen T. Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a42"><institution>Center for Epidemiology and Computational Biology, Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc.</institution>, Menlo Park, California 94025,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glenn, Martha" sort="Glenn, Martha" uniqKey="Glenn M" first="Martha" last="Glenn">Martha Glenn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curtin, Karen" sort="Curtin, Karen" uniqKey="Curtin K" first="Karen" last="Curtin">Karen Curtin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cannon Albright, Lisa A" sort="Cannon Albright, Lisa A" uniqKey="Cannon Albright L" first="Lisa A." last="Cannon-Albright">Lisa A. Cannon-Albright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diver, W Ryan" sort="Diver, W Ryan" uniqKey="Diver W" first="W Ryan" last="Diver">W Ryan Diver</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Link, Brian K" sort="Link, Brian K" uniqKey="Link B" first="Brian K." last="Link">Brian K. Link</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiner, George J" sort="Weiner, George J" uniqKey="Weiner G" first="George J." last="Weiner">George J. Weiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conde, Lucia" sort="Conde, Lucia" uniqKey="Conde L" first="Lucia" last="Conde">Lucia Conde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health</institution>, Berkeley, California 94720,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bracci, Paige M" sort="Bracci, Paige M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="Paige M." last="Bracci">Paige M. Bracci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco</institution>, San Francisco, California 94118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riby, Jacques" sort="Riby, Jacques" uniqKey="Riby J" first="Jacques" last="Riby">Jacques Riby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health</institution>, Berkeley, California 94720,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnett, Donna K" sort="Arnett, Donna K" uniqKey="Arnett D" first="Donna K." last="Arnett">Donna K. Arnett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhi, Degui" sort="Zhi, Degui" uniqKey="Zhi D" first="Degui" last="Zhi">Degui Zhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Justin M" sort="Leach, Justin M" uniqKey="Leach J" first="Justin M." last="Leach">Justin M. Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holly, Elizabeth A" sort="Holly, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="Elizabeth A." last="Holly">Elizabeth A. Holly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco</institution>, San Francisco, California 94118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Rebecca D" sort="Jackson, Rebecca D" uniqKey="Jackson R" first="Rebecca D." last="Jackson">Rebecca D. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a50"><institution>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University</institution>, Columbus, Ohio 43210,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tinker, Lesley F" sort="Tinker, Lesley F" uniqKey="Tinker L" first="Lesley F." last="Tinker">Lesley F. Tinker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98117,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benavente, Yolanda" sort="Benavente, Yolanda" uniqKey="Benavente Y" first="Yolanda" last="Benavente">Yolanda Benavente</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, Barcelona 08908,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 08036 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sala, Nuria" sort="Sala, Nuria" uniqKey="Sala N" first="Núria" last="Sala">Núria Sala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casabonne, Delphine" sort="Casabonne, Delphine" uniqKey="Casabonne D" first="Delphine" last="Casabonne">Delphine Casabonne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, 08908L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 28029 Madrid,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Nikolaus" sort="Becker, Nikolaus" uniqKey="Becker N" first="Nikolaus" last="Becker">Nikolaus Becker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg, 69120 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boffetta, Paolo" sort="Boffetta, Paolo" uniqKey="Boffetta P" first="Paolo" last="Boffetta">Paolo Boffetta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brennan, Paul" sort="Brennan, Paul" uniqKey="Brennan P" first="Paul" last="Brennan">Paul Brennan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69372 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foretova, Lenka" sort="Foretova, Lenka" uniqKey="Foretova L" first="Lenka" last="Foretova">Lenka Foretova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maynadie, Marc" sort="Maynadie, Marc" uniqKey="Maynadie M" first="Marc" last="Maynadie">Marc Maynadie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital</institution>, 21070 Dijon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay, James" sort="Mckay, James" uniqKey="Mckay J" first="James" last="Mckay">James Mckay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69372 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Staines, Anthony" sort="Staines, Anthony" uniqKey="Staines A" first="Anthony" last="Staines">Anthony Staines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University</institution>, Dublin 9,<country>Ireland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaffee, Kari G" sort="Chaffee, Kari G" uniqKey="Chaffee K" first="Kari G." last="Chaffee">Kari G. Chaffee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achenbach, Sara J" sort="Achenbach, Sara J" uniqKey="Achenbach S" first="Sara J." last="Achenbach">Sara J. Achenbach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vachon, Celine M" sort="Vachon, Celine M" uniqKey="Vachon C" first="Celine M." last="Vachon">Celine M. Vachon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldin, Lynn R" sort="Goldin, Lynn R" uniqKey="Goldin L" first="Lynn R." last="Goldin">Lynn R. Goldin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strom, Sara S" sort="Strom, Sara S" uniqKey="Strom S" first="Sara S." last="Strom">Sara S. Strom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leis, Jose F" sort="Leis, Jose F" uniqKey="Leis J" first="Jose F." last="Leis">Jose F. Leis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a64"><institution>Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Phoenix, Arizona 85054,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinberg, J Brice" sort="Weinberg, J Brice" uniqKey="Weinberg J" first="J. Brice" last="Weinberg">J. Brice Weinberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Medicine, Duke University and VA Medical Centers</institution>, Durham, North Carolina 27710,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil E" sort="Caporaso, Neil E" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil E." last="Caporaso">Neil E. Caporaso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norman, Aaron D" sort="Norman, Aaron D" uniqKey="Norman A" first="Aaron D." last="Norman">Aaron D. Norman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Roos, Anneclaire J" sort="De Roos, Anneclaire J" uniqKey="De Roos A" first="Anneclaire J." last="De Roos">Anneclaire J. De Roos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98117,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health</institution>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morton, Lindsay M" sort="Morton, Lindsay M" uniqKey="Morton L" first="Lindsay M." last="Morton">Lindsay M. Morton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Severson, Richard K" sort="Severson, Richard K" uniqKey="Severson R" first="Richard K." last="Severson">Richard K. Severson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University</institution>, Detroit, Michigan 48201,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a68"><institution>School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a69"><institution>Human Genetics Foundation</institution>, 10126 Turin,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaaks, Rudolph" sort="Kaaks, Rudolph" uniqKey="Kaaks R" first="Rudolph" last="Kaaks">Rudolph Kaaks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg, 69120 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masala, Giovanna" sort="Masala, Giovanna" uniqKey="Masala G" first="Giovanna" last="Masala">Giovanna Masala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a70"><institution>Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO)</institution>, 50139 Florence,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 17177 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a71"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway</institution>, N-9037 Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a72"><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research</institution>, N-0304 Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a73"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, FI-00250 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chirlaque, Maria Dolores" sort="Chirlaque, Maria Dolores" uniqKey="Chirlaque M" first="María- Dolores" last="Chirlaque">María- Dolores Chirlaque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 08036 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a74"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority</institution>, E30008 Murcia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Roel C H" sort="Vermeulen, Roel C H" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="Roel C. H." last="Vermeulen">Roel C. H. Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University</institution>, Utrecht, 3508, TD,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a76"><institution>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht</institution>, 3584 CX Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Travis, Ruth C" sort="Travis, Ruth C" uniqKey="Travis R" first="Ruth C." last="Travis">Ruth C. Travis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C." last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a78"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milne, Roger L" sort="Milne, Roger L" uniqKey="Milne R" first="Roger L." last="Milne">Roger L. Milne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a79"><institution>Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie" last="Weinstein">Stephanie Weinstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clavel, Jacqueline" sort="Clavel, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Clavel J" first="Jacqueline" last="Clavel">Jacqueline Clavel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)</institution>, F-94807 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, 75270 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Tongzhang" sort="Zheng, Tongzhang" uniqKey="Zheng T" first="Tongzhang" last="Zheng">Tongzhang Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holford, Theodore R" sort="Holford, Theodore R" uniqKey="Holford T" first="Theodore R." last="Holford">Theodore R. Holford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a80"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villano, Danylo J" sort="Villano, Danylo J" uniqKey="Villano D" first="Danylo J." last="Villano">Danylo J. Villano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maria, Ann" sort="Maria, Ann" uniqKey="Maria A" first="Ann" last="Maria">Ann Maria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spinelli, John J" sort="Spinelli, John J" uniqKey="Spinelli J" first="John J." last="Spinelli">John J. Spinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a81"><institution>Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a82"><institution>School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gascoyne, Randy D" sort="Gascoyne, Randy D" uniqKey="Gascoyne R" first="Randy D." last="Gascoyne">Randy D. Gascoyne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a83"><institution>Center for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a84"><institution>Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connors, Joseph M" sort="Connors, Joseph M" uniqKey="Connors J" first="Joseph M." last="Connors">Joseph M. Connors</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a83"><institution>Center for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a85"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertrand, Kimberly A" sort="Bertrand, Kimberly A" uniqKey="Bertrand K" first="Kimberly A." last="Bertrand">Kimberly A. Bertrand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giovannucci, Edward" sort="Giovannucci, Edward" uniqKey="Giovannucci E" first="Edward" last="Giovannucci">Edward Giovannucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a86"><institution>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kricker, Anne" sort="Kricker, Anne" uniqKey="Kricker A" first="Anne" last="Kricker">Anne Kricker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a88"><institution>Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, Jenny" sort="Turner, Jenny" uniqKey="Turner J" first="Jenny" last="Turner">Jenny Turner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a89"><institution>Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2109,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a90"><institution>Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2113,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ennas, Maria Grazia" sort="Ennas, Maria Grazia" uniqKey="Ennas M" first="Maria Grazia" last="Ennas">Maria Grazia Ennas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari</institution>, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferri, Giovanni M" sort="Ferri, Giovanni M" uniqKey="Ferri G" first="Giovanni M." last="Ferri">Giovanni M. Ferri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari</institution>, 70124 Bari,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miligi, Lucia" sort="Miligi, Lucia" uniqKey="Miligi L" first="Lucia" last="Miligi">Lucia Miligi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a93"><institution>Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO)</institution>, 50139 Florence,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Liming" sort="Liang, Liming" uniqKey="Liang L" first="Liming" last="Liang">Liming Liang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Baoshan" sort="Ma, Baoshan" uniqKey="Ma B" first="Baoshan" last="Ma">Baoshan Ma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a94"><institution>College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University</institution>, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116026,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Jinyan" sort="Huang, Jinyan" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Jinyan" last="Huang">Jinyan Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crouch, Simon" sort="Crouch, Simon" uniqKey="Crouch S" first="Simon" last="Crouch">Simon Crouch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Department of Health Sciences, University of York</institution>, York YO10 5DD,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Ju Hyun" sort="Park, Ju Hyun" uniqKey="Park J" first="Ju-Hyun" last="Park">Ju-Hyun Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a96"><institution>Department of Statistics, Dongguk University</institution>, Seoul 100-715,<country>Republic of Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" sort="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" uniqKey="Chatterjee N" first="Nilanjan" last="Chatterjee">Nilanjan Chatterjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a98"><institution>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snowden, John A" sort="Snowden, John A" uniqKey="Snowden J" first="John A." last="Snowden">John A. Snowden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Josh" sort="Wright, Josh" uniqKey="Wright J" first="Josh" last="Wright">Josh Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraumeni, Joseph F" sort="Fraumeni, Joseph F" uniqKey="Fraumeni J" first="Joseph F." last="Fraumeni">Joseph F. Fraumeni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Offit, Kenneth" sort="Offit, Kenneth" uniqKey="Offit K" first="Kenneth" last="Offit">Kenneth Offit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Xifeng" sort="Wu, Xifeng" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xifeng" last="Wu">Xifeng Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Sanjose, Silvia" sort="De Sanjose, Silvia" uniqKey="De Sanjose S" first="Silvia" last="De Sanjose">Silvia De Sanjose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, Barcelona 08908,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 08036 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerhan, James R" sort="Cerhan, James R" uniqKey="Cerhan J" first="James R." last="Cerhan">James R. Cerhan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J." last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothman, Nathaniel" sort="Rothman, Nathaniel" uniqKey="Rothman N" first="Nathaniel" last="Rothman">Nathaniel Rothman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slager, Susan L" sort="Slager, Susan L" uniqKey="Slager S" first="Susan L." last="Slager">Susan L. Slager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26956414</idno><idno type="pmc">4786871</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786871</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4786871</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms10933</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000763</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000763</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia</title><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I." last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camp, Nicola J" sort="Camp, Nicola J" uniqKey="Camp N" first="Nicola J." last="Camp">Nicola J. Camp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skibola, Christine F" sort="Skibola, Christine F" uniqKey="Skibola C" first="Christine F." last="Skibola">Christine F. Skibola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health</institution>, Berkeley, California 94720,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vijai, Joseph" sort="Vijai, Joseph" uniqKey="Vijai J" first="Joseph" last="Vijai">Joseph Vijai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Jian" sort="Gu, Jian" uniqKey="Gu J" first="Jian" last="Gu">Jian Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieters, Alexandra" sort="Nieters, Alexandra" uniqKey="Nieters A" first="Alexandra" last="Nieters">Alexandra Nieters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg</institution>, Freiburg, 79108 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, Rachel S" sort="Kelly, Rachel S" uniqKey="Kelly R" first="Rachel S." last="Kelly">Rachel S. Kelly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smedby, Karin E" sort="Smedby, Karin E" uniqKey="Smedby K" first="Karin E." last="Smedby">Karin E. Smedby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital</institution>, Stockholm 17176,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monnereau, Alain" sort="Monnereau, Alain" uniqKey="Monnereau A" first="Alain" last="Monnereau">Alain Monnereau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)</institution>, F-94807 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, 75270 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Registre des hémopathies malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié</institution>, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cozen, Wendy" sort="Cozen, Wendy" uniqKey="Cozen W" first="Wendy" last="Cozen">Wendy Cozen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles, California 90033,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles, California 90033,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Angela" sort="Cox, Angela" uniqKey="Cox A" first="Angela" last="Cox">Angela Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Sophia S" sort="Wang, Sophia S" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Sophia S." last="Wang">Sophia S. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute</institution>, Duarte, California 91030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lan, Qing" sort="Lan, Qing" uniqKey="Lan Q" first="Qing" last="Lan">Qing Lan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teras, Lauren R" sort="Teras, Lauren R" uniqKey="Teras L" first="Lauren R." last="Teras">Lauren R. Teras</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machado, Moara" sort="Machado, Moara" uniqKey="Machado M" first="Moara" last="Machado">Moara Machado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>, Belo Horizonte 31270-901,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks Wilson, Angela R" sort="Brooks Wilson, Angela R" uniqKey="Brooks Wilson A" first="Angela R." last="Brooks-Wilson">Angela R. Brooks-Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University</institution>, Burnaby, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5A1S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartge, Patricia" sort="Hartge, Patricia" uniqKey="Hartge P" first="Patricia" last="Hartge">Patricia Hartge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purdue, Mark P" sort="Purdue, Mark P" uniqKey="Purdue M" first="Mark P." last="Purdue">Mark P. Purdue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Ontario Health Study</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country> M5G 0A3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birmann, Brenda M" sort="Birmann, Brenda M" uniqKey="Birmann B" first="Brenda M." last="Birmann">Brenda M. Birmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vajdic, Claire M" sort="Vajdic, Claire M" uniqKey="Vajdic C" first="Claire M." last="Vajdic">Claire M. Vajdic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2052,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cocco, Pierluigi" sort="Cocco, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Cocco P" first="Pierluigi" last="Cocco">Pierluigi Cocco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari</institution>, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yawei" sort="Zhang, Yawei" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yawei" last="Zhang">Yawei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G." last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" sort="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" uniqKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte A" first="Anne" last="Zeleniuch-Jacquotte">Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a32"><institution>Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lawrence, Charles" sort="Lawrence, Charles" uniqKey="Lawrence C" first="Charles" last="Lawrence">Charles Lawrence</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Westat</institution>, Rockville, Maryland 20850,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montalvan, Rebecca" sort="Montalvan, Rebecca" uniqKey="Montalvan R" first="Rebecca" last="Montalvan">Rebecca Montalvan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Westat</institution>, Rockville, Maryland 20850,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdett, Laurie" sort="Burdett, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdett L" first="Laurie" last="Burdett">Laurie Burdett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Amy" sort="Hutchinson, Amy" uniqKey="Hutchinson A" first="Amy" last="Hutchinson">Amy Hutchinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Yuanqing" sort="Ye, Yuanqing" uniqKey="Ye Y" first="Yuanqing" last="Ye">Yuanqing Ye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Call, Timothy G" sort="Call, Timothy G" uniqKey="Call T" first="Timothy G." last="Call">Timothy G. Call</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shanafelt, Tait D" sort="Shanafelt, Tait D" uniqKey="Shanafelt T" first="Tait D." last="Shanafelt">Tait D. Shanafelt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Novak, Anne J" sort="Novak, Anne J" uniqKey="Novak A" first="Anne J." last="Novak">Anne J. Novak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kay, Neil E" sort="Kay, Neil E" uniqKey="Kay N" first="Neil E." last="Kay">Neil E. Kay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liebow, Mark" sort="Liebow, Mark" uniqKey="Liebow M" first="Mark" last="Liebow">Mark Liebow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Julie M" sort="Cunningham, Julie M" uniqKey="Cunningham J" first="Julie M." last="Cunningham">Julie M. Cunningham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allmer, Cristine" sort="Allmer, Cristine" uniqKey="Allmer C" first="Cristine" last="Allmer">Cristine Allmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hjalgrim, Henrik" sort="Hjalgrim, Henrik" uniqKey="Hjalgrim H" first="Henrik" last="Hjalgrim">Henrik Hjalgrim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2300 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adami, Hans Olov" sort="Adami, Hans Olov" uniqKey="Adami H" first="Hans-Olov" last="Adami">Hans-Olov Adami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 17177 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melbye, Mads" sort="Melbye, Mads" uniqKey="Melbye M" first="Mads" last="Melbye">Mads Melbye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2300 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a40"><institution>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glimelius, Bengt" sort="Glimelius, Bengt" uniqKey="Glimelius B" first="Bengt" last="Glimelius">Bengt Glimelius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University</institution>, 75105 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Ellen T" sort="Chang, Ellen T" uniqKey="Chang E" first="Ellen T." last="Chang">Ellen T. Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a42"><institution>Center for Epidemiology and Computational Biology, Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc.</institution>, Menlo Park, California 94025,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glenn, Martha" sort="Glenn, Martha" uniqKey="Glenn M" first="Martha" last="Glenn">Martha Glenn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curtin, Karen" sort="Curtin, Karen" uniqKey="Curtin K" first="Karen" last="Curtin">Karen Curtin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cannon Albright, Lisa A" sort="Cannon Albright, Lisa A" uniqKey="Cannon Albright L" first="Lisa A." last="Cannon-Albright">Lisa A. Cannon-Albright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diver, W Ryan" sort="Diver, W Ryan" uniqKey="Diver W" first="W Ryan" last="Diver">W Ryan Diver</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Link, Brian K" sort="Link, Brian K" uniqKey="Link B" first="Brian K." last="Link">Brian K. Link</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiner, George J" sort="Weiner, George J" uniqKey="Weiner G" first="George J." last="Weiner">George J. Weiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conde, Lucia" sort="Conde, Lucia" uniqKey="Conde L" first="Lucia" last="Conde">Lucia Conde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health</institution>, Berkeley, California 94720,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bracci, Paige M" sort="Bracci, Paige M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="Paige M." last="Bracci">Paige M. Bracci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco</institution>, San Francisco, California 94118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riby, Jacques" sort="Riby, Jacques" uniqKey="Riby J" first="Jacques" last="Riby">Jacques Riby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health</institution>, Berkeley, California 94720,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnett, Donna K" sort="Arnett, Donna K" uniqKey="Arnett D" first="Donna K." last="Arnett">Donna K. Arnett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhi, Degui" sort="Zhi, Degui" uniqKey="Zhi D" first="Degui" last="Zhi">Degui Zhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Justin M" sort="Leach, Justin M" uniqKey="Leach J" first="Justin M." last="Leach">Justin M. Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holly, Elizabeth A" sort="Holly, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="Elizabeth A." last="Holly">Elizabeth A. Holly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco</institution>, San Francisco, California 94118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Rebecca D" sort="Jackson, Rebecca D" uniqKey="Jackson R" first="Rebecca D." last="Jackson">Rebecca D. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a50"><institution>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University</institution>, Columbus, Ohio 43210,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tinker, Lesley F" sort="Tinker, Lesley F" uniqKey="Tinker L" first="Lesley F." last="Tinker">Lesley F. Tinker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98117,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benavente, Yolanda" sort="Benavente, Yolanda" uniqKey="Benavente Y" first="Yolanda" last="Benavente">Yolanda Benavente</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, Barcelona 08908,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 08036 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sala, Nuria" sort="Sala, Nuria" uniqKey="Sala N" first="Núria" last="Sala">Núria Sala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casabonne, Delphine" sort="Casabonne, Delphine" uniqKey="Casabonne D" first="Delphine" last="Casabonne">Delphine Casabonne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, 08908L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 28029 Madrid,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Nikolaus" sort="Becker, Nikolaus" uniqKey="Becker N" first="Nikolaus" last="Becker">Nikolaus Becker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg, 69120 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boffetta, Paolo" sort="Boffetta, Paolo" uniqKey="Boffetta P" first="Paolo" last="Boffetta">Paolo Boffetta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brennan, Paul" sort="Brennan, Paul" uniqKey="Brennan P" first="Paul" last="Brennan">Paul Brennan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69372 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foretova, Lenka" sort="Foretova, Lenka" uniqKey="Foretova L" first="Lenka" last="Foretova">Lenka Foretova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maynadie, Marc" sort="Maynadie, Marc" uniqKey="Maynadie M" first="Marc" last="Maynadie">Marc Maynadie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital</institution>, 21070 Dijon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay, James" sort="Mckay, James" uniqKey="Mckay J" first="James" last="Mckay">James Mckay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69372 Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Staines, Anthony" sort="Staines, Anthony" uniqKey="Staines A" first="Anthony" last="Staines">Anthony Staines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University</institution>, Dublin 9,<country>Ireland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaffee, Kari G" sort="Chaffee, Kari G" uniqKey="Chaffee K" first="Kari G." last="Chaffee">Kari G. Chaffee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achenbach, Sara J" sort="Achenbach, Sara J" uniqKey="Achenbach S" first="Sara J." last="Achenbach">Sara J. Achenbach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vachon, Celine M" sort="Vachon, Celine M" uniqKey="Vachon C" first="Celine M." last="Vachon">Celine M. Vachon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldin, Lynn R" sort="Goldin, Lynn R" uniqKey="Goldin L" first="Lynn R." last="Goldin">Lynn R. Goldin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strom, Sara S" sort="Strom, Sara S" uniqKey="Strom S" first="Sara S." last="Strom">Sara S. Strom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leis, Jose F" sort="Leis, Jose F" uniqKey="Leis J" first="Jose F." last="Leis">Jose F. Leis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a64"><institution>Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Phoenix, Arizona 85054,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinberg, J Brice" sort="Weinberg, J Brice" uniqKey="Weinberg J" first="J. Brice" last="Weinberg">J. Brice Weinberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Medicine, Duke University and VA Medical Centers</institution>, Durham, North Carolina 27710,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil E" sort="Caporaso, Neil E" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil E." last="Caporaso">Neil E. Caporaso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norman, Aaron D" sort="Norman, Aaron D" uniqKey="Norman A" first="Aaron D." last="Norman">Aaron D. Norman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Roos, Anneclaire J" sort="De Roos, Anneclaire J" uniqKey="De Roos A" first="Anneclaire J." last="De Roos">Anneclaire J. De Roos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98117,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health</institution>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morton, Lindsay M" sort="Morton, Lindsay M" uniqKey="Morton L" first="Lindsay M." last="Morton">Lindsay M. Morton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Severson, Richard K" sort="Severson, Richard K" uniqKey="Severson R" first="Richard K." last="Severson">Richard K. Severson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University</institution>, Detroit, Michigan 48201,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a68"><institution>School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a69"><institution>Human Genetics Foundation</institution>, 10126 Turin,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaaks, Rudolph" sort="Kaaks, Rudolph" uniqKey="Kaaks R" first="Rudolph" last="Kaaks">Rudolph Kaaks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg, 69120 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masala, Giovanna" sort="Masala, Giovanna" uniqKey="Masala G" first="Giovanna" last="Masala">Giovanna Masala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a70"><institution>Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO)</institution>, 50139 Florence,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 17177 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a71"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway</institution>, N-9037 Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a72"><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research</institution>, N-0304 Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a73"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, FI-00250 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chirlaque, Maria Dolores" sort="Chirlaque, Maria Dolores" uniqKey="Chirlaque M" first="María- Dolores" last="Chirlaque">María- Dolores Chirlaque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 08036 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a74"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority</institution>, E30008 Murcia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Roel C H" sort="Vermeulen, Roel C H" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="Roel C. H." last="Vermeulen">Roel C. H. Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University</institution>, Utrecht, 3508, TD,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a76"><institution>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht</institution>, 3584 CX Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Travis, Ruth C" sort="Travis, Ruth C" uniqKey="Travis R" first="Ruth C." last="Travis">Ruth C. Travis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C." last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a78"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milne, Roger L" sort="Milne, Roger L" uniqKey="Milne R" first="Roger L." last="Milne">Roger L. Milne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a79"><institution>Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie" last="Weinstein">Stephanie Weinstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clavel, Jacqueline" sort="Clavel, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Clavel J" first="Jacqueline" last="Clavel">Jacqueline Clavel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)</institution>, F-94807 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, 75270 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Tongzhang" sort="Zheng, Tongzhang" uniqKey="Zheng T" first="Tongzhang" last="Zheng">Tongzhang Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holford, Theodore R" sort="Holford, Theodore R" uniqKey="Holford T" first="Theodore R." last="Holford">Theodore R. Holford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a80"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villano, Danylo J" sort="Villano, Danylo J" uniqKey="Villano D" first="Danylo J." last="Villano">Danylo J. Villano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maria, Ann" sort="Maria, Ann" uniqKey="Maria A" first="Ann" last="Maria">Ann Maria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spinelli, John J" sort="Spinelli, John J" uniqKey="Spinelli J" first="John J." last="Spinelli">John J. Spinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a81"><institution>Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a82"><institution>School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gascoyne, Randy D" sort="Gascoyne, Randy D" uniqKey="Gascoyne R" first="Randy D." last="Gascoyne">Randy D. Gascoyne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a83"><institution>Center for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a84"><institution>Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connors, Joseph M" sort="Connors, Joseph M" uniqKey="Connors J" first="Joseph M." last="Connors">Joseph M. Connors</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a83"><institution>Center for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a85"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertrand, Kimberly A" sort="Bertrand, Kimberly A" uniqKey="Bertrand K" first="Kimberly A." last="Bertrand">Kimberly A. Bertrand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giovannucci, Edward" sort="Giovannucci, Edward" uniqKey="Giovannucci E" first="Edward" last="Giovannucci">Edward Giovannucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a86"><institution>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kricker, Anne" sort="Kricker, Anne" uniqKey="Kricker A" first="Anne" last="Kricker">Anne Kricker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a88"><institution>Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, Jenny" sort="Turner, Jenny" uniqKey="Turner J" first="Jenny" last="Turner">Jenny Turner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a89"><institution>Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2109,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a90"><institution>Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2113,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ennas, Maria Grazia" sort="Ennas, Maria Grazia" uniqKey="Ennas M" first="Maria Grazia" last="Ennas">Maria Grazia Ennas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari</institution>, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferri, Giovanni M" sort="Ferri, Giovanni M" uniqKey="Ferri G" first="Giovanni M." last="Ferri">Giovanni M. Ferri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari</institution>, 70124 Bari,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miligi, Lucia" sort="Miligi, Lucia" uniqKey="Miligi L" first="Lucia" last="Miligi">Lucia Miligi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a93"><institution>Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO)</institution>, 50139 Florence,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Liming" sort="Liang, Liming" uniqKey="Liang L" first="Liming" last="Liang">Liming Liang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Baoshan" sort="Ma, Baoshan" uniqKey="Ma B" first="Baoshan" last="Ma">Baoshan Ma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a94"><institution>College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University</institution>, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116026,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Jinyan" sort="Huang, Jinyan" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Jinyan" last="Huang">Jinyan Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crouch, Simon" sort="Crouch, Simon" uniqKey="Crouch S" first="Simon" last="Crouch">Simon Crouch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Department of Health Sciences, University of York</institution>, York YO10 5DD,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Ju Hyun" sort="Park, Ju Hyun" uniqKey="Park J" first="Ju-Hyun" last="Park">Ju-Hyun Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a96"><institution>Department of Statistics, Dongguk University</institution>, Seoul 100-715,<country>Republic of Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" sort="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" uniqKey="Chatterjee N" first="Nilanjan" last="Chatterjee">Nilanjan Chatterjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a98"><institution>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snowden, John A" sort="Snowden, John A" uniqKey="Snowden J" first="John A." last="Snowden">John A. Snowden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Josh" sort="Wright, Josh" uniqKey="Wright J" first="Josh" last="Wright">Josh Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraumeni, Joseph F" sort="Fraumeni, Joseph F" uniqKey="Fraumeni J" first="Joseph F." last="Fraumeni">Joseph F. Fraumeni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Offit, Kenneth" sort="Offit, Kenneth" uniqKey="Offit K" first="Kenneth" last="Offit">Kenneth Offit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Xifeng" sort="Wu, Xifeng" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xifeng" last="Wu">Xifeng Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Sanjose, Silvia" sort="De Sanjose, Silvia" uniqKey="De Sanjose S" first="Silvia" last="De Sanjose">Silvia De Sanjose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, Barcelona 08908,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 08036 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerhan, James R" sort="Cerhan, James R" uniqKey="Cerhan J" first="James R." last="Cerhan">James R. Cerhan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J." last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothman, Nathaniel" sort="Rothman, Nathaniel" uniqKey="Rothman N" first="Nathaniel" last="Rothman">Nathaniel Rothman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slager, Susan L" sort="Slager, Susan L" uniqKey="Slager S" first="Susan L." last="Slager">Susan L. Slager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoid malignancy with strong heritability. To further understand the genetic susceptibility for CLL and identify common loci associated with risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) composed of 3,100 cases and 7,667 controls with follow-up replication in 1,958 cases and 5,530 controls. Here we report three new loci at 3p24.1 (rs9880772, <italic>EOMES</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.55 × 10<sup>−11</sup>), 6p25.2 (rs73718779, <italic>SERPINB6</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.97 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and 3q28 (rs9815073, <italic>LPP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.62 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), as well as a new independent SNP at the known 2q13 locus (rs9308731, <italic>BCL2L11</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.00 × 10<sup>−11</sup>) in the combined analysis. We find suggestive evidence (<italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) for two additional new loci at 4q24 (rs10028805, <italic>BANK1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=7.19 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and 3p22.2 (rs1274963, <italic>CSRNP1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.12 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). Pathway analyses of new and known CLL loci consistently show a strong role for apoptosis, providing further evidence for the importance of this biological pathway in CLL susceptibility.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siegel, R" uniqKey="Siegel R">R. Siegel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naishadham, D" uniqKey="Naishadham D">D. Naishadham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jemal, A" uniqKey="Jemal A">A. Jemal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Bernardo, M C" uniqKey="Di Bernardo M">M. C. Di Bernardo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crowther Swanepoel, D" uniqKey="Crowther Swanepoel D">D. Crowther-Swanepoel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slager, S L" uniqKey="Slager S">S. L. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Communications</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2041-1723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26956414</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4786871</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ncomms10933</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ncomms10933</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berndt</surname><given-names>Sonja 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ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>Jian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nieters</surname><given-names>Alexandra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kelly</surname><given-names>Rachel S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smedby</surname><given-names>Karin E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Monnereau</surname><given-names>Alain</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a12">12</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cozen</surname><given-names>Wendy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cox</surname><given-names>Angela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a17">17</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-1099</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Sophia S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lan</surname><given-names>Qing</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Teras</surname><given-names>Lauren R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a19">19</xref></contrib><contrib 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chatterjee</surname><given-names>Nilanjan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>North</surname><given-names>Kari E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a97">97</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a98">98</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Snowden</surname><given-names>John A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a17">17</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a99">99</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>Josh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a17">17</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a99">99</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fraumeni</surname><given-names>Joseph F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Offit</surname><given-names>Kenneth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Xifeng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Sanjose</surname><given-names>Silvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a52">52</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a53">53</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cerhan</surname><given-names>James R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a37">37</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chanock</surname><given-names>Stephen J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rothman</surname><given-names>Nathaniel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Slager</surname><given-names>Susan L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a37">37</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">†</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label><institution>Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health</institution>, Berkeley, California 94720,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</institution>, New York, New York 10065,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a6"><label>6</label><institution>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute</institution>, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a7"><label>7</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center</institution>, Houston, Texas 77030,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a8"><label>8</label><institution>Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg</institution>, Freiburg, 79108 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a9"><label>9</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a10"><label>10</label><institution>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a11"><label>11</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital</institution>, Stockholm 17176,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a12"><label>12</label><institution>Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)</institution>, F-94807 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a13"><label>13</label><institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>, 75270 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a14"><label>14</label><institution>Registre des hémopathies malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié</institution>, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a15"><label>15</label><institution>Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles, California 90033,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a16"><label>16</label><institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California</institution>, Los Angeles, California 90033,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a17"><label>17</label><institution>Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a18"><label>18</label><institution>Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute</institution>, Duarte, California 91030,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a19"><label>19</label><institution>Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society</institution>, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a20"><label>20</label><institution>Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>, Belo Horizonte 31270-901,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="a21"><label>21</label><institution>Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</aff><aff id="a22"><label>22</label><institution>Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University</institution>, Burnaby, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5A1S6</aff><aff id="a23"><label>23</label><institution>Ontario Health Study</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country> M5G 0A3</aff><aff id="a24"><label>24</label><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a25"><label>25</label><institution>Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2052,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a26"><label>26</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari</institution>, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="a27"><label>27</label><institution>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a28"><label>28</label><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a29"><label>29</label><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a30"><label>30</label><institution>Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a31"><label>31</label><institution>Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a32"><label>32</label><institution>Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center</institution>, New York, New York 10016,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a33"><label>33</label><institution>Westat</institution>, Rockville, Maryland 20850,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a34"><label>34</label><institution>Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a35"><label>35</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a36"><label>36</label><institution>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a37"><label>37</label><institution>Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a38"><label>38</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2300 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a39"><label>39</label><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, 17177 Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a40"><label>40</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a41"><label>41</label><institution>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University</institution>, 75105 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a42"><label>42</label><institution>Center for Epidemiology and Computational Biology, Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc.</institution>, Menlo Park, California 94025,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a43"><label>43</label><institution>Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a44"><label>44</label><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a45"><label>45</label><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a46"><label>46</label><institution>George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a47"><label>47</label><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a48"><label>48</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco</institution>, San Francisco, California 94118,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a49"><label>49</label><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>, Birmingham, Alabama 35233,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a50"><label>50</label><institution>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University</institution>, Columbus, Ohio 43210,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a51"><label>51</label><institution>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98117,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a52"><label>52</label><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, Barcelona 08908,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="a53"><label>53</label><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 08036 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="a54"><label>54</label><institution>Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="a55"><label>55</label><institution>Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="a56"><label>56</label><institution>Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, 08908L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</institution>, 08908 Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="a57"><label>57</label><institution>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>, 28029 Madrid,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="a58"><label>58</label><institution>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg, 69120 Baden-Württemberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a59"><label>59</label><institution>The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a60"><label>60</label><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</institution>, 69372 Lyon,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a61"><label>61</label><institution>Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU</institution>, 656 53 Brno,<country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="a62"><label>62</label><institution>EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital</institution>, 21070 Dijon,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a63"><label>63</label><institution>School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University</institution>, Dublin 9,<country>Ireland</country></aff><aff id="a64"><label>64</label><institution>Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic</institution>, Phoenix, Arizona 85054,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a65"><label>65</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Duke University and VA Medical Centers</institution>, Durham, North Carolina 27710,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a66"><label>66</label><institution>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health</institution>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a67"><label>67</label><institution>Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University</institution>, Detroit, Michigan 48201,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a68"><label>68</label><institution>School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a69"><label>69</label><institution>Human Genetics Foundation</institution>, 10126 Turin,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="a70"><label>70</label><institution>Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO)</institution>, 50139 Florence,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="a71"><label>71</label><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway</institution>, N-9037 Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="a72"><label>72</label><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research</institution>, N-0304 Oslo,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="a73"><label>73</label><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, FI-00250 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a74"><label>74</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority</institution>, E30008 Murcia,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="a75"><label>75</label><institution>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University</institution>, Utrecht, 3508, TD,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a76"><label>76</label><institution>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht</institution>, 3584 CX Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a77"><label>77</label><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LF,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a78"><label>78</label><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a79"><label>79</label><institution>Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a80"><label>80</label><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health</institution>, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a81"><label>81</label><institution>Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</aff><aff id="a82"><label>82</label><institution>School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</aff><aff id="a83"><label>83</label><institution>Center for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V5Z1L3</aff><aff id="a84"><label>84</label><institution>Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</aff><aff id="a85"><label>85</label><institution>Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver, British Columbia,<country>Canada</country> V6T1Z3</aff><aff id="a86"><label>86</label><institution>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a87"><label>87</label><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a88"><label>88</label><institution>Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a89"><label>89</label><institution>Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2109,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a90"><label>90</label><institution>Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2113,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a91"><label>91</label><institution>Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari</institution>, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="a92"><label>92</label><institution>Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari</institution>, 70124 Bari,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="a93"><label>93</label><institution>Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO)</institution>, 50139 Florence,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="a94"><label>94</label><institution>College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University</institution>, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116026,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="a95"><label>95</label><institution>Department of Health Sciences, University of York</institution>, York YO10 5DD,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a96"><label>96</label><institution>Department of Statistics, Dongguk University</institution>, Seoul 100-715,<country>Republic of Korea</country></aff><aff id="a97"><label>97</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a98"><label>98</label><institution>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a99"><label>99</label><institution>Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital</institution>, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN,<country>UK</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>berndts@mail.nih.gov</email></corresp><fn id="n1"><label>*</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn id="n2"><label>†</label><p>These authors jointly directed this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><elocation-id>10933</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoid malignancy with strong heritability. To further understand the genetic susceptibility for CLL and identify common loci associated with risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) composed of 3,100 cases and 7,667 controls with follow-up replication in 1,958 cases and 5,530 controls. Here we report three new loci at 3p24.1 (rs9880772, <italic>EOMES</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.55 × 10<sup>−11</sup>), 6p25.2 (rs73718779, <italic>SERPINB6</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.97 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and 3q28 (rs9815073, <italic>LPP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.62 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), as well as a new independent SNP at the known 2q13 locus (rs9308731, <italic>BCL2L11</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.00 × 10<sup>−11</sup>) in the combined analysis. We find suggestive evidence (<italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) for two additional new loci at 4q24 (rs10028805, <italic>BANK1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=7.19 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and 3p22.2 (rs1274963, <italic>CSRNP1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.12 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). Pathway analyses of new and known CLL loci consistently show a strong role for apoptosis, providing further evidence for the importance of this biological pathway in CLL susceptibility.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="web-summary"><p><inline-graphic id="i1" xlink:href="ncomms10933-i1.jpg"></inline-graphic>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a highly inheritable cancer. Here the authors conduct a metaanalysis of four genome-wide association studies and identify three novel loci located near <italic>EOMES</italic>, <italic>SERPINB6</italic> and <italic>LPP</italic> associated with risk of this disease.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><p>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia among adults in western countries<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1">1</xref>. Although advances in treatment options have been made, CLL remains an incurable malignancy. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple susceptibility loci for CLL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3">3</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref> with at least three loci having more than one independent signal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b8">8</xref>. However, these discovered loci only account for about a third of the estimated heritability attributed to common variants<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref>. In a combined analysis of four GWAS and follow-up replication, including 3,888 cases and 12,539 controls of European ancestry, we recently discovered 11 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine novel loci associated with CLL risk<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref>. To discover additional loci associated with susceptibility to CLL, we more than doubled our replication sample size in the present study, slightly increasing our statistical power, and investigated the association with 14 other promising SNPs identified from our GWAS meta-analysis.</p><p>Here, we identify four new independent SNPs in three novel loci as well as two promising new loci associated with the risk of CLL. Pathway analyses with these new loci as well as the previously identified loci suggest a strong role for the apoptosis in susceptibility to CLL, further enhancing our understanding.</p><sec disp-level="1"><title>Results</title><sec disp-level="2"><title>Discovery meta-analysis</title><p>We conducted a meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref> comprising 3,100 unrelated cases and 7,667 controls of European ancestry (see ‘Methods' section, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 1–3</xref>). As these studies used different commercial SNP microarrays, we imputed the ∼8.5 million common SNPs present in the 1000 Genomes Phase 1 integrated data (version 3)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref> for each study using IMPUTE2 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>) and tested for associations with CLL risk assuming a log-additive genetic model. After quality control exclusions, ∼8.5 million SNPs with minor allele frequency >1% were meta-analysed in the discovery stage using a fixed effects model.</p><p>A quantile–quantile plot of the meta-analysis results in the discovery stage showed an enrichment of small <italic>P</italic> values from the fixed-effects model compared with the null distribution, which persisted even after removal of the known loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 1</xref>). There was little evidence for inflation due to population stratification (lambda=1.028). Under a log-additive genetic model, a total of 16 unique loci (defined as separated by at least 1 Mb) reached genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 2</xref>), all of which had been previously reported<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3">3</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b8">8</xref>. For each previously reported locus, we identified the SNP with the strongest <italic>P</italic> value within 1 Mb of the published index SNP. Of the 29 published loci, 21 were at least suggestively associated with CLL under a log-additive model in our discovery meta-analysis with <italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). As the original reported SNPs at two loci (4q26 and 6q25.2) failed to show nominal significance (<italic>P</italic><0.05) in our study, we meta-analysed our results with the published results for known loci from two other GWAS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref>. In this larger meta-analysis, 25 of the published loci were at least suggestively associated with CLL risk (<italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) based on a fixed-effects model; however, both rs6858698 at 4q26 and rs11631963 at 15q25.2 showed attenuated odds ratios and weak <italic>P</italic> values even with this increased sample size (<italic>P</italic>=0.002 and <italic>P</italic>=0.0003, respectively; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>), questioning the certainty of these loci.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Joint meta-analysis of the discovery and replication</title><p>To identify additional loci associated with CLL risk, four SNPs in known regions that appeared to be possible secondary signals (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><0.1 with the reported SNPs and <italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup> in the discovery meta-analysis) and 10 SNPs in novel regions that reached a significance threshold of <italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−6</sup> in the discovery meta-analysis were taken forward for replication in 1,958 cases and 5,530 controls. In the joint meta-analysis of the discovery and replication, four SNPs were identified as genome-wide significant under a fixed-effects model, three in novel regions and one as a new independent SNP in the previously reported 2q13 region: 3p24.1 (rs9880772, <italic>EOMES</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.55 × 10<sup>−11</sup>), 6p25.2 (rs73718779, <italic>SERPINB6</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.97 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), 3q28 (rs9815073, <italic>LPP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.62 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and 2q13 (rs9308731, <italic>BCL2L11</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.00 × 10<sup>−11</sup>; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Fig. 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 6</xref>). The new 2q13 SNP, rs9308731, was weakly correlated with the two previously identified<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref> independent SNPs at 2q13, rs17483466 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.008) and rs13401811 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.0005); when the three 2q13 SNPs were included in the same logistic regression model, all three remained genome-wide significant (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>). Genome-wide suggestive evidence (<italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) was also found in the joint discovery/replication fixed-effects meta-analysis for two promising novel loci at 4q24 (rs10028805, <italic>BANK1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=7.19 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and 3p22.2 (rs1274963, <italic>CSRNP1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.12 × 10<sup>−7</sup>; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 3</xref>).</p></sec></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Discussion</title><p>All the three novel loci are located in or near genes implicated in apoptosis and/or immune function. The novel 3p24.1 SNP (rs9880772) resides 13 kb 5′ of eomesodermin (<italic>EOMES</italic>), a member of the T-box gene family and a key regulator in cell-mediated immunity and CD8+ T-cell differentiation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b12">12</xref>. <italic>EOMES</italic> is critical for lymphoproliferation due to Fas-deficiency<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>, which has been observed in inherited lymphoproliferative disorders associated with autoimmunity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b14">14</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b15">15</xref>. Overexpression of <italic>EOMES</italic> has been observed among extranodal natural killer/T (NK/T)-cell and peripheral T-cell lymphomas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b16">16</xref>. Interestingly, highly correlated SNPs within the same 15 kb region 5′ of <italic>EOMES</italic> have also been associated with two autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b17">17</xref> (rs3806624, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.96) and multiple sclerosis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b18">18</xref> (rs11129295, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.72), as well as Hodgkin's lymphoma<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref> (rs3806624, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.96), underscoring the importance of this genetic region for susceptibility to both lymphoma and autoimmune disease. Regions locally centromeric and telomeric of rs9880772 show strong regulation and promoter signatures by histone marks, DNaseI hypersensitivity and transcription factor binding sites, and the correlated SNP, rs3806624, is located within a poised promoter in the lymphoblastoid cell line, GM12878 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 8</xref>).</p><p>The novel 6p25.2 SNP (rs73718779) is located within an intron of <italic>SERPINB6</italic>, which encodes a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. Although the physiological role of <italic>SERPINB6</italic> is not well understood, it inhibits cathepsin G<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref>, which activates the pro-apoptotic proteinase caspase 7 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b21">21</xref>). In eQTL and methylation QTL analyses, we found that the T allele for rs6939693, an SNP completely correlated with rs73718779 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=1), was associated with significantly reduced <italic>SERPINB6</italic> expression in blood in a weighted z-score meta-analysis (<italic>P</italic>=1.40 × 10<sup>−52</sup>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 9</xref>) and increased DNA methylation levels based on a linear mixed model (<italic>P</italic>=1.70 × 10<sup>−11</sup>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 10</xref>), suggesting strong potential functional relevance.</p><p>The 3q28 SNP (rs9815073) is an intronic variant within the LIM domain containing preferred translocation partner in lipoma gene (<italic>LPP</italic>). The SNP is located within a strong enhancer in the lymphoblastoid cell line, GM12878 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 4</xref>). Moderately correlated SNPs in <italic>LPP</italic> have previously been associated with diseases related to autoimmunity and/or immune dysregulation, including celiac disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b22">22</xref> (rs1464510, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.51), allergy<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b23">23</xref> (rs9860547, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.68) and vitiligo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b24">24</xref> (rs1464510, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.51). SNPs within this region have also been associated with follicular lymphoma<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b25">25</xref> (rs6444305, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.001) and B-cell lymphoma in Asians (rs6773854, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.002); however, the association with rs9815073 appears to be independent of both of these SNPs in the fixed-effects meta-analysis (<italic>P</italic><sub>rs9815073</sub>=9.11 × 10<sup>−7</sup> after conditioning on rs6444305 and <italic>P</italic><sub>rs9815073</sub>=5.11 × 10<sup>−7</sup> after conditioning on rs6773854 compared with <italic>P</italic><sub>rs9815073</sub>=5.35 × 10<sup>−7</sup> without adjustment).</p><p>The suggestive 4q24 SNP (rs10028805) is located within an intron of B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1 (<italic>BANK1</italic>), which encodes a protein adaptor that is predominantly expressed in B-cells. <italic>BANK1</italic> is a putative tumour suppressor gene in B-cell lymphomagenesis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b26">26</xref>, and <italic>BANK1</italic>-deficient cells show enhanced CD40-mediated proliferation and survival with Akt activation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b27">27</xref>. Rs10028805 is moderately correlated with rs10516487 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.70), a non-synonymous SNP in exon 2 that has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b28">28</xref> and shown to alter mRNA splicing and the quantity of the <italic>BANK1</italic> protein<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b29">29</xref>. Consistent with this, we observed rs10028805 to be associated with <italic>BANK1</italic> expression in lymphoblastoid cells (<italic>P</italic>=6.89 × 10<sup>−13</sup>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 11</xref>).</p><p>The 3p22.2 SNP (rs1274963) is an intronic variant in the gene <italic>CSRNP1</italic> (cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 1), which is induced by AXIN1, a scaffold protein that is a negative regulator of the Wnt/signalling pathway<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b30">30</xref>. A putative tumour suppressor with potential apoptosis activity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b31">31</xref>, <italic>CSRNP1</italic> plays an important role in the development of haematopoiesis progenitors in zebrafish<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b32">32</xref> and has been shown to be expressed in many tissues, with leukocytes being among those with the highest abundance<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b30">30</xref>. The SNP resides in an area with strong regulatory potential based on histone marks, DNaseI hypersensitivity and transcription factor binding sites (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 8</xref>) and is located within a strong enhancer in the lymphoblastoid cell line, GM12878 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 4</xref>). Of potential functional relevance, in lymphocytes and blood, the rs1274963A risk allele was associated with reduced <italic>WDR48</italic> expression (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 9 and 11</xref>), a gene shown to induce apoptosis and suppress tumour cell proliferation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">33</xref>.</p><p>To explore potential biological pathways associated with the newly discovered loci as well as the previously established loci for CLL, we conducted pathway analyses using GRAIL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b34">34</xref>, Webgestalt and GeneMania (see ‘Methods' section). All the three pathway analyses identified apoptosis or apoptosis-related pathways as either the top key words (GRAIL, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2a</xref>) or their most significantly enriched pathway: regulation of apoptotic signalling (GeneMania, <italic>P</italic>=2.06 × 10<sup>−17</sup>, false discovery rate-corrected hypergeometric test, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 13</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2b</xref>) and activation of pro-apoptotic gene products (Webgestalt, <italic>P</italic>=5.49 × 10<sup>−11</sup>, false discovery rate-corrected hypergeometric test, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 14</xref>). Other enriched pathways included related apoptotic functions and pathways, such as cytochrome <italic>c</italic> release from mitochondria (Webgestalt, <italic>P</italic>=2.16 × 10<sup>−6</sup>; GeneMania, <italic>P</italic>=7.50 × 10<sup>−13</sup>) and mitochondrial outer membrane (Webgestalt, <italic>P</italic>=3.89 × 10<sup>−6</sup>; GeneMania, <italic>P</italic>=7.18 × 10<sup>−17</sup>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 13 and 14</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 5</xref>). Lymphocyte-related pathways, such as lymphocyte homeostasis (Webgestalt, <italic>P</italic>=2.16 × 10<sup>−6</sup>), haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development (GeneMania, <italic>P</italic>=0.009), and lymphoid (GRAIL) were also observed in all the three analyses.</p><p>We constructed a polygenetic risk score that included the four new SNPs from this study as well as 30 previously identified SNPs at known loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>) to evaluate the possibility of risk stratification for CLL (see ‘Methods' section). Those in the top 20% of the risk distribution had a 1.9-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval: 1.70–2.21) compared with those in the middle quintile of the distribution. The newly discovered SNPs explain ∼1% of the familial risk. Together with the previously identified loci, we estimate that the identified loci for CLL thus far explain ∼16.5% of the familial risk, which is similar to previous estimates<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref>.</p><p>In conclusion, our meta-analysis of GWAS identified four new independent SNPs and two additional promising loci for CLL, furthering our knowledge of the underpinnings of genetic susceptibility to CLL. Pathway analyses of known and new CLL loci point to regulation of apoptosis as one of the key biological processes underlying the genetic loci to date and suggest new avenues for disease prevention and treatment.</p></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Methods</title><sec disp-level="2"><title>Discovery meta-analysis</title><p>Our discovery meta-analysis included four CLL GWAS of European ancestry: National Cancer Institute NHL GWAS (NCI GWAS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref>, Utah Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia GWAS (UTAH), Genetic Epidemiology of CLL Consortium GWAS (GEC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref>, and Molecular Epidemiology of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma GWAS (UCSF)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref>. Details of the case and control ascertainment and study design of the four GWAS, including the 22 studies that comprise the NCI GWAS, are described in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>. In brief, CLL cases were ascertained from cancer registries, clinics or hospitals, or through self-report verified by medical and pathology reports. For the NCI GWAS, phenotype information for the cases was reviewed centrally at the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph) Data Coordinating Center and harmonized according to the hierarchical classification proposed by the Interlymph Pathology Working Group based on the World Health Organization classification (2008)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b35">35</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b36">36</xref>. All the studies obtained informed consent from their participants and approval from their respective Institutional Review Boards for this study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref>.</p><p>To maximize our statistic power, all cases with sufficient DNA and a subset of available controls were genotyped for this study. Subjects in these studies were genotyped using the Illumina OmniExpress, Omni2.5, HumanHap610K, HumanCNV360-Duo or Affymetrix 6.0. For the NCI GWAS, the majority of subjects were genotyped with the Illumina OmniExpress; however, a subset of controls (<italic>N</italic>=3,536) and one case were genotyped using the Omni2.5, so to prevent potential platform artifacts, extensive quality control metrics were used, including the removal of assays with low completion rates or monomorphic calls from either platform, before combining the data<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref>. For all four GWAS, rigorous quality control metrics were applied to each study to ensure high quality results. Samples with poor call rates, gender discordance, abnormal heterozygosity or of non-European ancestry were excluded, and SNPs with a call rate <95% or Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium <italic>P</italic> value <1 × 10<sup>−6</sup> were removed from the analysis (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>).</p><p>Each GWAS was imputed separately using IMPUTE2 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>). In contrast to the previous study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref> where a hybrid reference panel was used for imputation, all the studies in this analysis were imputed using the 1000 Genomes Project version 3 (March 2012 release) as the reference panel. Poorly imputed SNPs (INFO score <0.3) and SNPs with minor allele frequency <1% were excluded from each study, leaving roughly ∼8.5 million SNPs for analysis. After quality control filters, a total of 3,100 cases and 7,667 controls across the four studies remained for analysis (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 3</xref>). For each study, principal component analyses were conducted separately. Association testing was conducted for each study separately using SNPTEST version 2, adjusting for age, sex and significant principal components (<italic>P</italic><0.05 in null model with age and sex). Meta-analyses were performed using the fixed-effects inverse variance method based on the beta estimates and standard errors from each study.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Replication and technical validation</title><p>Replication of potential novel SNPs was undertaken in 1,958 additional cases and 5,530 controls from six different studies (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 1 and 3</xref>). Fourteen promising SNPs that reached a significance threshold of <italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−6</sup> in the discovery meta-analysis were taken forward for replication, including 10 SNPs in novel regions (defined as at least 1 Mb from a known CLL locus) and four SNPs in known regions that appeared to be possible secondary signals (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><0.1 with the reported SNPs and <italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup> in the discovery meta-analysis). To conduct conditional analyses with the potential secondary signals, the previously reported index SNP(s) in each of these four regions were also genotyped. TaqMan custom genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) were designed and optimized for the 14 promising SNPs as well as five previously reported index SNPs. Taqman or Sequenom genotyping was conducted separately for each replication study at their own centre. Each study included duplicates for quality control, and HapMap samples genotyped across the centres yielded excellent concordance (100%). Association testing was conducted separately for each study, adjusting for age, sex and for MSKCC, Ashkenazi ancestry. The replication studies were then meta-analysed together and with the discovery GWAS using an inverse variance fixed effects model. All the SNPs reaching genome-wide or suggestive significance in the joint meta-analysis were either directly genotyped or well imputed (INFO>0.78 for all SNPs with average INFO=0.95) in the GWAS. Technical validation comparing genotype calls or imputed data from the NCI GWAS with Taqman assays for 639 samples revealed moderate concordance for rs9815073 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>=0.67), but high concordance (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.97) for the other SNPs. Although the concordance was lower than expected and further confirmation is needed, an analysis of the Taqman validation data for rs9815073 showed an odds ratio=1.30, which is similar to the odds ratio observed in the full discovery data set.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Polygenic risk score analysis</title><p>To evaluate possible stratification for CLL risk based on the 34 independent SNPs from the 30 loci, we performed a polygenic risk score analysis using the discovery sample data. Polygenic risk scores were derived for each person by taking the weighted sum of the risk alleles (0, 1 or 2) for each of the 34 SNPs. The weights for each SNP were the per-allele log odds ratios estimated from our meta-analysis of the discovery data. We then computed the quintiles of the polygenic risk scores and used logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio for CLL risk for each quintile with the middle quintile as the reference. Departures from a multiplicative model were assessed by testing for all pair-wise SNP interactions. No evidence of significant interactions was observed.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Heritability analysis</title><p>To estimate the familial risk explained by both the novel and previously established loci for CLL, we estimated the contribution of each independent SNP to the heritability using the equation <italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>SNP</sub>=<italic>β</italic><sup>2</sup>2<italic>f</italic>(1−<italic>f</italic>), where <italic>β</italic> is the log-odds ratio per copy of the risk allele from the replication stage analyses and <italic>f</italic> is the allele frequency, and summed the contributions of all novel and established SNPs<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b37">37</xref>. We then estimated the total heritability from the sibling relative risk (relative risk=8.5 from Goldin <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b38">38</xref>), using the equation derived by Pharoah <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b39">39</xref> We then calculated the proportion of familial risk explained by dividing the summed contributions of the novel and established SNPs by the total heritability.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Expression quantitative trait loci and other related analyses</title><p>To explore the potential functional relevance of the CLL-associated SNPs, we conducted expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) analyses using three independent data sets: (1) a childhood asthma study of gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b40">40</xref>, (2) a meta-analysis of eQTL associations from whole blood<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b41">41</xref>, and (3) meQTL in CD4+ lymphocytes from the GOLDN study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b42">42</xref>. In the childhood asthma study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b40">40</xref>, RNA was extracted from lymphoblastoid cell lines from 830 parents and offspring from 206 families of European ancestry. Gene expression was assessed with the Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 chip, and subjects were genotyped using the Illumina Human-1 and HumanHap300K beadchips with subsequent imputation using data from the 1000 Genomes Project. The four new and two suggestive SNPs were tested for <italic>cis</italic> associations (defined as gene transcripts within 1 Mb), adjusting for non-genetic effects in the gene expression value and relatedness using MERLIN<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b43">43</xref>. To gain insight into the relative importance of associations with our SNPs compared with other SNPs in the region, conditional analyses were also conducted, in which both the CLL SNP and the most significant SNP for the particular gene transcript (that is, the peak SNP) were included in the same model. The meta-analysis of eQTL associations from whole blood<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b41">41</xref> included eQTL data generated using Illumina gene expression arrays from seven studies consisting of a total of 5,311 unrelated Europeans. Gene expression arrays were harmonized by matching probe sequences, and all the studies were imputed using the HapMap European reference panel. SNPs that were strongly correlated (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.8) with the newly discovered and suggestive CLL SNPs were examined for possible <italic>cis</italic> associations. In the GOLDN study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b42">42</xref>, over 450,000 CpG methylation sites were genotyped in CD4+ T-cells from 593 participants. Subjects were genotyped with the Affymetrix Human SNP Array 6.0, and the 2.5 million SNPs available in the HapMap2 release were imputed. We updated the analysis by including more participants (<italic>n</italic>=717) and expanded the scope of <italic>cis</italic>-meQTL to SNPs and CpG sites within 50 kb of each other. The association between the CLL-associated SNPs (as well as strongly correlated SNPs, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.8) and methylation beta values was tested using the linear mixed models, adjusting for family structure and other covariates including age, sex, recruitment centres and principal components. Finally, we also utilized HaploReg<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b44">44</xref>, a tool for exploring noncoding functional annotation using ENCODE data, to evaluate the genome surrounding our SNPs.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Pathway analyses</title><p>To explore potential biological pathways underlying known CLL loci to date, we conducted analyses using GRAIL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b34">34</xref>, Webgestalt<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b45">45</xref> and GeneMania<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b46">46</xref>. GRAIL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b34">34</xref> is a text-based mining tool that is used to evaluate the relationship between genes at different disease loci. Genes within 250 kb of known loci were included, and the 2006 text database was used to avoid overweighting the previously published loci. Webgestalt<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b45">45</xref> is a web-based pathway analysis server offering hypergeometric tests for Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichments and visualization of enriched GO terms in a graph depicting the GO hierarchy. GeneMania<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b46">46</xref> is a network-based analysis server that finds an expanded set of genes including the query genes and additional genes closely linked with the query genes via protein and genetic interactions, pathways, co-expression, co-localization and protein domain similarity. For both Webgestalt and GeneMania, the nearest gene for each locus was included. For all pathways analyses, only newly discovered loci and the previously identified loci that reached at least <italic>P</italic><1 × 10<sup>−5</sup> in the combined meta-analysis with the published results from two other GWAS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>) were included.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Chromatin state dynamics analysis</title><p>To assess chromatin state dynamics, we used Chromos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b47">47</xref>, which utilizes Chip-Seq data from ENCODE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b48">48</xref> on nine cell types: B-lymphoblastoid cells (GM12878), hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), embryonic stem cells (hESC), erythrocytic leukemia cells (hK562), umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVEC), skeletal muscle myoblasts (hSMM), normal lung fibroblasts (hNHLF), normal epidermal keratinocytes (hNHEK) and mammary epithelial cells (hMEC). This programme uses pre-computed data with genome-segmentation performed using a multivariate hidden Markov-model to reduce the combinatorial space to a set of interpretable chromatin states. The output from Chromos lists data into 15 chromatin states corresponding to repressed, poised and active promoters, strong and weak enhancers, putative insulators, transcribed regions and large-scale repressed and inactive domains. For this study, we focused on the results observed for the lymphoblastoid cell line (GM12878).</p></sec></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Additional information</title><p><bold>How to cite this article:</bold> Berndt, S. I. <italic>et al.</italic> Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. <italic>Nat. Commun.</italic> 7:10933 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10933 (2016).</p></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="S1"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material id="d33e18" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Supplementary Information</title><p>Supplementary Figures 1-5 and Supplementary Tables 1-14</p></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms10933-s1.pdf"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack><p>We thank I. Brock, K. Butterbach, A. Chabrier, D. Chan-Lam, D. Connley, H. Cramp, R. Cutting, C. Dalley, H. Dykes, A. Gabbas, P. Gaddam, P. Hui, L. Irish, L. Jacobus, S. Kaul, L. Klareskog, A. Lai, J. Lunde, M. McAdams, L. Padyukov, D. Parisi, V. Rajamanickam, T. Rattle, L. Rigacci, R. Sargent, G. Specchia, M. Stagner, P. Taylor, C. Tornow, J. WiIliams and G. Wood. The overall GWAS project was supported by the intramural programme of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health.</p><p>ATBC - This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and the National Cancer Institute. Additionally, this research was supported by U.S. Public Health Service contracts N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, N01-RC-37004 and HHSN261201000006C from the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services.</p><p>BC — Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); Canadian Cancer Society; Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research.</p><p>CPS-II - The Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort is supported by the American Cancer Society. Genotyping for all CPS-II samples were supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contribution to this study from central cancer registries supported through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Program of Cancer Registries, and cancer registries supported by the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program.</p><p>ELCCS - Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research.</p><p>ENGELA - Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Fondation de France, Fondation contre la Leucémie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)</p><p>EPIC - Coordinated Action (Contract #006438, SP23-CT-2005-006438); HuGeF (Human Genetics Foundation), Torino, Italy; Cancer Research UK.</p><p>EpiLymph — European Commission (grant references QLK4-CT-2000-00422 and FOOD-CT-2006-023103); the Spanish Ministry of Health (grant references CIBERESP, PI11/01810, PI14/01219, RCESP C03/09, RTICESP C03/10 and RTIC RD06/0020/0095), the Marató de TV3 Foundation (grant reference 051210), the Agència de Gestiód'AjutsUniversitarisi de Recerca — Generalitat de Catalunya (grant reference 2014SRG756) who had no role in the data collection, analysis or interpretation of the results; the NIH (contract NO1-CO-12400); the Compagnia di San Paolo—Programma Oncologia; the Federal Office for Radiation Protection grants StSch4261 and StSch4420, the José Carreras Leukemia Foundation grant DJCLS-R12/23, the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF-01-EO-1303); the Health Research Board, Ireland and Cancer Research Ireland; Czech Republic supported by MH CZ — DRO (MMCI, 00209805) and RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101; Fondation de France and Association de Recherche Contre le Cancer.</p><p>GEC/Mayo GWAS - National Institutes of Health (CA118444, CA148690, CA92153). Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute. Veterans Affairs Research Service. Data collection for Duke University was supported by a Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Career Development Award, the Bernstein Family Fund for Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, and the National Institutes of Health (K08CA134919), National Center for Advancing Translational Science (UL1 TR000135).</p><p>HPFS - The HPFS was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants CA167552, CA149445, CA098122, CA098566, and K07 CA115687. We would like to thank the participants and staff of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for their valuable contributions as well as the following state cancer registries for their help: AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, WY. The authors assume full responsibility for analyses and interpretation of these data.</p><p>Iowa-Mayo SPORE — NCI Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Human Cancer (P50 CA97274); National Cancer Institute (P30 CA086862, P30 CA15083); Henry J. Predolin Foundation.</p><p>Italian GxE - Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC, Investigator Grant 11855) (PC); Fondazione Banco di Sardegna 2010-2012, and Regione Autonoma della Sardegna (LR7 CRP-59812/2012) (MGE). </p><p>Mayo Clinic Case-Control — National Institutes of Health (R01 CA92153); National Cancer Institute (P30 CA015083).</p><p>MCCS — The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study recruitment was funded by VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria. The MCCS was further supported by Australian NHMRC grants 209057, 251553 and 504711 and by infrastructure provided by Cancer Council Victoria. Cases and their vital status were ascertained through the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR).</p><p>MCC-Spain - The MCC-Spain study is funded by The Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII — Spanish Government) (PI11/01810, PI14/01219, RCESP C03/09, and CIBERESP); the Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) — Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalonian Government) (2014SGR756). Nadia García and Marleny Vergara (ICO-IDIBELL) provided technical support for this study.</p><p>MD Anderson — Institutional support to the Center for Translational and Public Health Genomics.</p><p>MSKCC — Geoffrey Beene Cancer Research Grant, Lymphoma Foundation (LF5541); Barbara K. Lipman Lymphoma Research Fund (74419); Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Research Initiative (57470); U01 HG007033; ENCODE; U01 HG007033. </p><p>NCI-SEER — Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Public Health Service (N01-PC-65064,N01-PC-67008, N01-PC-67009, N01-PC-67010, N02-PC-71105). </p><p>NHS —The NHS was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants CA186107, CA87969, CA49449, CA149445, CA098122, CA098566, and K07 CA115687. We would like to thank the participants and staff of the Nurses' Health Study for their valuable contributions as well as the following state cancer registries for their help: AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, WY. The authors assume full responsibility for analyses and interpretation of these data. </p><p>NSW - NSW was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (ID990920), the Cancer Council NSW, and the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine.</p><p>NYU-WHS - National Cancer Institute (R01 CA098661, P30 CA016087); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES000260). </p><p>PLCO - This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute and by contracts from the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS.</p><p>SCALE — Swedish Cancer Society (2009/659). Stockholm County Council (20110209) and the Strategic Research Program in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institute. Swedish Cancer Society grant (02 6661). National Institutes of Health (5R01 CA69669-02); Plan Denmark.</p><p>UCSF2 — The UCSF studies were supported by the NCI, National Institutes of Health, CA1046282 and CA154643. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Health Services as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program under contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under agreement #1U58 DP000807-01 awarded to the Public Health Institute. The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by the State of California, the California Department of Health Services, the National Cancer Institute, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors is not intended nor should be inferred.</p><p>UTAH/Sheffield - National Institutes of Health CA134674. Partial support for data collection at the Utah site was made possible by the Utah Population Database (UPDB) and the Utah Cancer Registry (UCR). Partial support for all datasets within the UPDB is provided by the Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) and the HCI Cancer Center Support grant, P30 CA42014. The UCR is supported in part by NIH contract HHSN261201000026C from the National Cancer Institute SEER Program with additional support from the Utah State Department of Health and the University of Utah. Partial support for data collection in Sheffield, UK was made possible by funds from Yorkshire Cancer Research and the Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre. We thank the NCRI Haemato-oncology Clinical Studies Group, colleagues in the North Trent Cancer Network the North Trent Haemato-oncology Database.</p><p>WHI — WHI investigators are: Program Office - (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) Jacques Rossouw, Shari Ludlam, Dale Burwen, Joan McGowan, Leslie Ford, and Nancy Geller; Clinical Coordinating Center - (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA) Garnet Anderson, Ross Prentice, Andrea LaCroix, and Charles Kooperberg; Investigators and Academic Centers - (Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) JoAnn E. Manson; (MedStar Health Research Institute/Howard University, Washington, DC) Barbara V. Howard; (Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA) Marcia L. Stefanick; (The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH) Rebecca Jackson; (University of Arizona, Tucson/Phoenix, AZ) Cynthia A. Thomson; (University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY) Jean Wactawski-Wende; (University of Florida, Gainesville/Jacksonville, FL) Marian Limacher; (University of Iowa, Iowa City/Davenport, IA) Robert Wallace; (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA) Lewis Kuller; (Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) Sally Shumaker; Women's Health Initiative Memory Study - (Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) Sally Shumaker. 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N.J.C., C.F.S., A.C., L.B., A.H., J.M.Cu., L.C., P.M.B., E.A.H., J.R.C., S.J.C. and S.L.S. conducted and supervised the genotyping of samples. S.I.B., N.J.C., C.F.S., J. Vijai, Z.W., M. Machado, M.Y., D.K.A., D.Z., J.M.L., L.L., B.M., J.H., J.-H.P., N.C., J.R.C., S.J.C., N.R. and S.L.S. contributed to the design and execution of data analysis. S.I.B., N.J.C., C.F.S., J. Vijai, Z.W., A.N., N.C., J.R.C., S.J.C., N.R. and S.L.S. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. S.I.B., N.J.C., C.F.S., J. Vijai, J.G., A.N., R.S.K., K.E.S., A.Mo., W.C., A.C., S.S.W., Q.L., L.R.T., A.R.B.-W., P.H., M.P.P., B.M.B., C.M.Vajdic, P.C., Y.Z., G.G.G., A.Z.-J., Y.Y., T.G.C., T.D.S., A.J.N., N.E.K., M.L., J.M.Cu., C.A., H.H., H.-O.A., M. Melbye, B.G., E.T.C., M.G., K.C., L.A.C.-A., W.R.D., B.K.L., G.J.W., L.C., P.M.B., J.R., E.A.H., R.D.J., L.F.T., Y.B., N.S., N.B., P.Bo., P.Br., L.F., M. Maynadie, J.M., A.S., K.G.C., S.J.A., C.M. Vachon, L.R.G., S.S.S., J.F.L., J.B.W., N.E.C., A.D.N., A.J.D.R., L.M.M., R.K.S., E.R., P.V., R.K., G.M., E.W., M.-D.C., R.C.H.V., R.C.T., M.C.S., R.L.M., D.A., J. Virtamo, S.W., J.C., T.Z., T.R.H., D.J.V., A.Ma., J.J.S., R.D.G., J.M.Co., K.A.B., E.G., P.K., A.K., J.T., M.G.E., G.M.F., L.M., S.C., K.E.N., J.A.S., J.W., J.F.F., K.O., X.W., S.d.S., J.R.C., N.R. and S.L.S. conducted the epidemiological studies and contributed samples to the GWAS and/or follow-up genotyping. All the authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.</p></fn></fn-group></back><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Regional association plots of the three novel loci and new independent SNP at a known locus associated with the risk of CLL.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Chromosome 3p24.1 (rs9880772), (<bold>b</bold>) chromosome 6p25.2 (rs73718779), (<bold>c</bold>) chromosome 3q28 (rs9815073) and (<bold>d</bold>) chromosome 2q13 (rs9308731). Shown are the −log<sub>10</sub> association <italic>P</italic> values from the discovery fixed effects meta-analysis (dots) and combined discovery and replication fixed effects meta-analysis (diamonds). The lead SNPs are shown in purple. Estimated recombination rates (from 1000 Genomes) are plotted in blue. The SNPs surrounding the most significant SNP are colour-coded to reflect their correlation with this SNP. Pairwise <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> values are from 1000 Genomes European data (March 2012 release). Genes, position of exons and direction of transcription from UCSC genome browser (genome.ucsc.edu) are noted. Plots were generated using LocusZoom (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://csg.sph.umich.edu/locuszoom">http://csg.sph.umich.edu/locuszoom</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10933-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Relationships between loci associated with CLL risk.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) The GRAIL results are depicted in a circle plot with the connections between the SNPs and corresponding gene for the established CLL loci. The width of the line corresponds to the strength of the literature-based connectivity with thicker lines representing stronger connections. (<bold>b</bold>) Depiction of GeneMania results. Query genes are shown in large circles with hatch marks and tightly connected neighbouring genes were shown in small solid circles. The genes belonging to the top function, ‘regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway', are highlighted with red colour. The colour of the line indicates the network: co-expression (lavender), co-localization (purple), genetic interactions (grey), pathway (blue), physical interactions (pink), predicted (orange) and shared protein domains (beige). The figure was created with GeneMania Application version: 3.1.2.8.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10933-f2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>New loci and independent SNPs associated with CLL risk.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>SNP</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Cytoband</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Nearest gene</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Position</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Stage</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>No. of cases</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>No. of controls</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Risk allele/other allele</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold>RAF</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold>OR</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>CI</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic><bold>P</bold></italic></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="12" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>New loci</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> rs9880772</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3p24.1</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>EOMES</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">27777779</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Discovery</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3,097</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7,664</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.464</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.17</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.10–1.24)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7.77E−07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Replication</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1,935</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5,414</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.467</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.23</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.13–1.34)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4.67E−06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Combined</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5,032</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13,078</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.465</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.19</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.13–1.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.55E−11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> rs73718779</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">6p25.2</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SERPINB6</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2969278</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Discovery</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3,097</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7,663</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A/G</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.111</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.27</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.16–1.40)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6.22E−07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Replication</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1,871</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4,107</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A/G</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.109</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.21</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.05–1.40)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.008</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Combined</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4,968</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11,770</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A/G</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.110</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.26</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.16–1.36)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.97E−08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> rs9815073</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3q28</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>LPP</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">188115682</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Discovery</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3,098</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7,663</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">C/A</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.651</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.20</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.12–1.28)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5.35E−07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Replication</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1,848</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4,094</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">C/A</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.652</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.13</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.03–1.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Combined</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4,946</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11,757</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">C/A</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.651</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.11–1.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.62E−08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>New independent SNP at known locus</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> rs9308731</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2q13</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>BCL2L11</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">111908262</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Discovery</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3,100</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7,665</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A/G</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.541</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.19</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.12–1.26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4.71E−08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Replication</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1,929</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5,448</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A/G</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.531</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.21</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.10–1.32)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4.66E−05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Combined</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5,029</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13,113</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A/G</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.537</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.19</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.13–1.26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00E−11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>New suggestive loci (<italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−7</sup>)</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> rs10028805</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">4q24</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>BANK1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">102737250</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Discovery</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3,099</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7,665</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G/A</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.625</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.16</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.09–1.23)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7.04E−06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Replication</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1,876</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4,107</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G/A</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.621</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.15</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.05–1.15)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.003</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Combined</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4,975</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11,772</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G/A</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.624</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.16</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.10–1.22)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7.19E−08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> rs1274963</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3p22.2</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CSRNP1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">39191029</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Discovery</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3,100</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7,666</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.210</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.20</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.12–1.29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.37E−06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Replication</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1,938</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5,402</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.204</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.13</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.01–1.26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Combined</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5,038</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13,068</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">T/C</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.208</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(1.11–1.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.12E−07</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t1-fn1"><p>CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; RAF, risk allele frequency among controls.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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