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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic
disease risk</title><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yingchang" sort="Lu, Yingchang" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yingchang" last="Lu">Yingchang Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Felix R" sort="Day, Felix R" uniqKey="Day F" first="Felix R." last="Day">Felix R. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University</institution>, 750 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchkovich, Martin L" sort="Buchkovich, Martin L" uniqKey="Buchkovich M" first="Martin L." last="Buchkovich">Martin L. Buchkovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Na, Jianbo" sort="Na, Jianbo" uniqKey="Na J" first="Jianbo" last="Na">Jianbo Na</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bataille, Veronique" sort="Bataille, Veronique" uniqKey="Bataille V" first="Veronique" last="Bataille">Veronique Bataille</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>West Herts NHS Trust</institution>, Herts HP2 4AD,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cousminer, Diana L" sort="Cousminer, Diana L" uniqKey="Cousminer D" first="Diana L." last="Cousminer">Diana L. Cousminer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dastani, Zari" sort="Dastani, Zari" uniqKey="Dastani Z" first="Zari" last="Dastani">Zari Dastani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drong, Alexander W" sort="Drong, Alexander W" uniqKey="Drong A" first="Alexander W." last="Drong">Alexander W. Drong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu</institution>, Tartu, 51010,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M." last="Evans">David M. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute</institution>, Brisbane, Queensland 4102,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falchi, Mario" sort="Falchi, Mario" uniqKey="Falchi M" first="Mario" last="Falchi">Mario Falchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hedman, Sa K" sort="Hedman, Sa K" uniqKey="Hedman " first=" Sa K." last="Hedman"> Sa K. Hedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University</institution>, 750 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haring, Robin" sort="Haring, Robin" uniqKey="Haring R" first="Robin" last="Haring">Robin Haring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Public Health</institution>, 18055 Rostock,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hysi, Pirro G" sort="Hysi, Pirro G" uniqKey="Hysi P" first="Pirro G." last="Hysi">Pirro G. Hysi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iles, Mark M" sort="Iles, Mark M" uniqKey="Iles M" first="Mark M." last="Iles">Mark M. Iles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Leeds Centre, University of Leeds</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E." last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London</institution>, London EC1M 6BQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagou, Vasiliki" sort="Lagou, Vasiliki" uniqKey="Lagou V" first="Vasiliki" last="Lagou">Vasiliki Lagou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Rui" sort="Li, Rui" uniqKey="Li R" first="Rui" last="Li">Rui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xin" sort="Li, Xin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xin" last="Li">Xin Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Locke, Adam" sort="Locke, Adam" uniqKey="Locke A" first="Adam" last="Locke">Adam Locke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Chen" sort="Lu, Chen" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Chen" last="Lu">Chen Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu</institution>, Tartu, 51010,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, John R B" sort="Perry, John R B" uniqKey="Perry J" first="John R. B." last="Perry">John R. B. Perry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pers, Tune H" sort="Pers, Tune H" uniqKey="Pers T" first="Tune H." last="Pers">Tune H. Pers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a32"><institution>Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard</institution>, Cambridge 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Qibin" sort="Qi, Qibin" uniqKey="Qi Q" first="Qibin" last="Qi">Qibin Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine</institution>, Bronx, New York 10461,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Marianna" sort="Sanna, Marianna" uniqKey="Sanna M" first="Marianna" last="Sanna">Marianna Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Ellen M" sort="Schmidt, Ellen M" uniqKey="Schmidt E" first="Ellen M." last="Schmidt">Ellen M. Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, William R" sort="Scott, William R" uniqKey="Scott W" first="William R." last="Scott">William R. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hosptial</institution>, 205 02 Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University</institution>, 901 87 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a40"><institution>Department of Odontology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a42"><institution>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vinkhuyzen, Anna A E" sort="Vinkhuyzen, Anna A E" uniqKey="Vinkhuyzen A" first="Anna A. E." last="Vinkhuyzen">Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Ryan W" sort="Walker, Ryan W" uniqKey="Walker R" first="Ryan W." last="Walker">Ryan W. Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westra, Harm Jan" sort="Westra, Harm Jan" uniqKey="Westra H" first="Harm-Jan" last="Westra">Harm-Jan Westra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02446,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02446,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Mingfeng" sort="Zhang, Mingfeng" uniqKey="Zhang M" first="Mingfeng" last="Zhang">Mingfeng Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Zhihong" sort="Zhu, Zhihong" uniqKey="Zhu Z" first="Zhihong" last="Zhu">Zhihong Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Afzal, Uzma" sort="Afzal, Uzma" uniqKey="Afzal U" first="Uzma" last="Afzal">Uzma Afzal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh" sort="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh" uniqKey="Ahluwalia T" first="Tarunveer Singh" last="Ahluwalia">Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sceinces, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital Region</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a50"><institution>Steno Diabetes Center A/S</institution>, DK-2820 Gentofte,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan J L" sort="Bakker, Stephan J L" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan J. L." last="Bakker">Stephan J. L. Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute</institution>, San Antonio, Texas 78245,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borodulin, Katja" sort="Borodulin, Katja" uniqKey="Borodulin K" first="Katja" last="Borodulin">Katja Borodulin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchman, Aron S" sort="Buchman, Aron S" uniqKey="Buchman A" first="Aron S." last="Buchman">Aron S. Buchman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center</institution>, Chicago, Illinois 60612,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cederholm, Tommy" sort="Cederholm, Tommy" uniqKey="Cederholm T" first="Tommy" last="Cederholm">Tommy Cederholm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choh, Audrey C" sort="Choh, Audrey C" uniqKey="Choh A" first="Audrey C." last="Choh">Audrey C. Choh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine</institution>, Dayton, Ohio 45420,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Hyung Jin" sort="Choi, Hyung Jin" uniqKey="Choi H" first="Hyung Jin" last="Choi">Hyung Jin Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine</institution>, Seoul 03080,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curran, Joanne E" sort="Curran, Joanne E" uniqKey="Curran J" first="Joanne E." last="Curran">Joanne E. Curran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley</institution>, Brownsville, Texas 78520</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" sort="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" uniqKey="De Groot L" first="Lisette C. P. G. M." last="De Groot">Lisette C. P. G. M. De Groot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University</institution>, 6700 EV Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jager, Philip L" sort="De Jager, Philip L" uniqKey="De Jager P" first="Philip L." last="De Jager">Philip L. De Jager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a64"><institution>Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie A M" sort="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie A M" uniqKey="Dhonukshe Rutten R" first="Rosalie A. M." last="Dhonukshe-Rutten">Rosalie A. M. Dhonukshe-Rutten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University</institution>, 6700 EV Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enneman, Anke W" sort="Enneman, Anke W" uniqKey="Enneman A" first="Anke W." last="Enneman">Anke W. Enneman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eury, Elodie" sort="Eury, Elodie" uniqKey="Eury E" first="Elodie" last="Eury">Elodie Eury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Daniel S" sort="Evans, Daniel S" uniqKey="Evans D" first="Daniel S." last="Evans">Daniel S. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute</institution>, San Francisco, California 94107,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forsen, Tom" sort="Forsen, Tom" uniqKey="Forsen T" first="Tom" last="Forsen">Tom Forsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedrich, Nele" sort="Friedrich, Nele" uniqKey="Friedrich N" first="Nele" last="Friedrich">Nele Friedrich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fumeron, Frederic" sort="Fumeron, Frederic" uniqKey="Fumeron F" first="Frédéric" last="Fumeron">Frédéric Fumeron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a68"><institution>INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a69"><institution>Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a70"><institution>Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a71"><institution>Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, Melissa E" sort="Garcia, Melissa E" uniqKey="Garcia M" first="Melissa E." last="Garcia">Melissa E. Garcia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a72"><institution>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Rtner, Simone" sort="G Rtner, Simone" uniqKey="G Rtner S" first="Simone" last="G Rtner">Simone G Rtner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a73"><institution>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Bok Ghee" sort="Han, Bok Ghee" uniqKey="Han B" first="Bok-Ghee" last="Han">Bok-Ghee Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a74"><institution>Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex</institution>, Chungcheongbuk-do 370914,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havulinna, Aki S" sort="Havulinna, Aki S" uniqKey="Havulinna A" first="Aki S." last="Havulinna">Aki S. Havulinna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a76"><institution>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillege, Hans" sort="Hillege, Hans" uniqKey="Hillege H" first="Hans" last="Hillege">Hans Hillege</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ittermann, Till" sort="Ittermann, Till" uniqKey="Ittermann T" first="Till" last="Ittermann">Till Ittermann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kent, Jack W" sort="Kent, Jack W" uniqKey="Kent J" first="Jack W." last="Kent">Jack W. Kent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute</institution>, San Antonio, Texas 78245,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolcic, Ivana" sort="Kolcic, Ivana" uniqKey="Kolcic I" first="Ivana" last="Kolcic">Ivana Kolcic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a78"><institution>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split</institution>, Split 21000,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laatikainen, Tiina" sort="Laatikainen, Tiina" uniqKey="Laatikainen T" first="Tiina" last="Laatikainen">Tiina Laatikainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a79"><institution>Hospital District of North Karelia</institution>, FI-80210 Joensuu,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a80"><institution>Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, FI-70211 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahti, Jari" sort="Lahti, Jari" uniqKey="Lahti J" first="Jari" last="Lahti">Jari Lahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a81"><institution>Folkhälsan Research Centre</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a82"><institution>Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Irene Mateo" sort="Leach, Irene Mateo" uniqKey="Leach I" first="Irene Mateo" last="Leach">Irene Mateo Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Christine G" sort="Lee, Christine G" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Christine G." last="Lee">Christine G. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a83"><institution>Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a84"><institution>Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jong Young" sort="Lee, Jong Young" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jong-Young" last="Lee">Jong-Young Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a74"><institution>Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex</institution>, Chungcheongbuk-do 370914,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Tian" sort="Liu, Tian" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tian" last="Liu">Tian Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a85"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics</institution>, 14195 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a86"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Human Development</institution>, 14194 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Youfang" sort="Liu, Youfang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Youfang" last="Liu">Youfang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chaper Hill, North Carolina 27599-7280,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobbens, Stephane" sort="Lobbens, Stephane" uniqKey="Lobbens S" first="Stéphane" last="Lobbens">Stéphane Lobbens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loh, Marie" sort="Loh, Marie" uniqKey="Loh M" first="Marie" last="Loh">Marie Loh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a88"><institution>Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)</institution>, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore 138648,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" sort="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" uniqKey="Lyytik Inen L" first="Leo-Pekka" last="Lyytik Inen">Leo-Pekka Lyytik Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a89"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a90"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere</institution>, FI-33520 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Gomez, Carolina" sort="Medina Gomez, Carolina" uniqKey="Medina Gomez C" first="Carolina" last="Medina-Gomez">Carolina Medina-Gomez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michaelsson, Karl" sort="Michaelsson, Karl" uniqKey="Michaelsson K" first="Karl" last="Michaëlsson">Karl Michaëlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a93"><institution>Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nalls, Mike A" sort="Nalls, Mike A" uniqKey="Nalls M" first="Mike A." last="Nalls">Mike A. Nalls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a76"><institution>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielson, Carrie M" sort="Nielson, Carrie M" uniqKey="Nielson C" first="Carrie M." last="Nielson">Carrie M. Nielson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a94"><institution>School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oozageer, Laticia" sort="Oozageer, Laticia" uniqKey="Oozageer L" first="Laticia" last="Oozageer">Laticia Oozageer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Laura" sort="Pascoe, Laura" uniqKey="Pascoe L" first="Laura" last="Pascoe">Laura Pascoe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a96"><institution>Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University</institution>, Newcastle NE1 7RU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paternoster, Lavinia" sort="Paternoster, Lavinia" uniqKey="Paternoster L" first="Lavinia" last="Paternoster">Lavinia Paternoster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polašek">Ozren Polašek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a78"><institution>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split</institution>, Split 21000,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a98"><institution>Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A." last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center</institution>, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70808,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Chan Soo" sort="Shin, Chan Soo" uniqKey="Shin C" first="Chan Soo" last="Shin">Chan Soo Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a100"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine</institution>, Seoul 03080,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naran I, Nina Smolej" sort="Naran I, Nina Smolej" uniqKey="Naran I N" first="Nina Smolej" last="Naran I">Nina Smolej Naran I</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a101"><institution>Institute for Anthropological Research</institution>, Zagreb 10000,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spira, Dominik" sort="Spira, Dominik" uniqKey="Spira D" first="Dominik" last="Spira">Dominik Spira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a103"><institution>Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srikanth, Priya" sort="Srikanth, Priya" uniqKey="Srikanth P" first="Priya" last="Srikanth">Priya Srikanth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a94"><institution>School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" sort="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Steinhagen Thiessen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Steinhagen-Thiessen">Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a103"><institution>Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Yun Ju" sort="Sung, Yun Ju" uniqKey="Sung Y" first="Yun Ju" last="Sung">Yun Ju Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a104"><institution>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swart, Karin M A" sort="Swart, Karin M A" uniqKey="Swart K" first="Karin M. A." last="Swart">Karin M. A. Swart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a105"><institution>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a106"><institution>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taittonen, Leena" sort="Taittonen, Leena" uniqKey="Taittonen L" first="Leena" last="Taittonen">Leena Taittonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a107"><institution>Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu</institution>, FI-90014 Oulu,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a108"><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital</institution>, FI-65100 Vaasa,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a109"><institution>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21225,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tikkanen, Emmi" sort="Tikkanen, Emmi" uniqKey="Tikkanen E" first="Emmi" last="Tikkanen">Emmi Tikkanen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a98"><institution>Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" sort="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" uniqKey="Van Der Velde N" first="Nathalie" last="Van Der Velde">Nathalie Van Der Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schoor, Natasja M" sort="Van Schoor, Natasja M" uniqKey="Van Schoor N" first="Natasja M." last="Van Schoor">Natasja M. Van Schoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a105"><institution>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a106"><institution>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F." last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Lei" sort="Yu, Lei" uniqKey="Yu L" first="Lei" last="Yu">Lei Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center</institution>, Chicago, Illinois 60612,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zmuda, Joseph M" sort="Zmuda, Joseph M" uniqKey="Zmuda J" first="Joseph M." last="Zmuda">Joseph M. Zmuda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a110"><institution>Department of Epidemiology; University of Pittsburgh</institution>, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eklund, Niina" sort="Eklund, Niina" uniqKey="Eklund N" first="Niina" last="Eklund">Niina Eklund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Terrence" sort="Forrester, Terrence" uniqKey="Forrester T" first="Terrence" last="Forrester">Terrence Forrester</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a111"><institution>Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies</institution>, Mona JMAAW15,<country>Jamaica</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuulasmaa, Teemu" sort="Kuulasmaa, Teemu" uniqKey="Kuulasmaa T" first="Teemu" last="Kuulasmaa">Teemu Kuulasmaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a112"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a112"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a113"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a114"><institution>Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70029 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichtner, Peter" sort="Lichtner, Peter" uniqKey="Lichtner P" first="Peter" last="Lichtner">Peter Lichtner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a115"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Cameron D" sort="Palmer, Cameron D" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Cameron D." last="Palmer">Cameron D. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ried, Janina S" sort="Ried, Janina S" uniqKey="Ried J" first="Janina S." last="Ried">Janina S. Ried</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stancakova, Alena" sort="Stancakova, Alena" uniqKey="Stancakova A" first="Alena" last="Stancáková">Alena Stancáková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a117"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Peter J" sort="Wagner, Peter J" uniqKey="Wagner P" first="Peter J." last="Wagner">Peter J. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a118"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doring, Angela" sort="Doring, Angela" uniqKey="Doring A" first="Angela" last="Döring">Angela Döring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a119"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a121"><institution>Icelandic Heart Association</institution>, Kopavogur 201,<country>Iceland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a122"><institution>University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine</institution>, Reykjavik 101,<country>Iceland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiel, Douglas P" sort="Kiel, Douglas P" uniqKey="Kiel D" first="Douglas P." last="Kiel">Douglas P. Kiel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a123"><institution>Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a124"><institution>Institute for Aging Research Hebrew Senior Life</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02131,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhnel, Brigitte" sort="Kuhnel, Brigitte" uniqKey="Kuhnel B" first="Brigitte" last="Kühnel">Brigitte Kühnel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcknight, Barbara" sort="Mcknight, Barbara" uniqKey="Mcknight B" first="Barbara" last="Mcknight">Barbara Mcknight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a126"><institution>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98101,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a127"><institution>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a128"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98195,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Connell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Connell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O'Connell">Jeffrey R. O'Connell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a129"><institution>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A." last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a118"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a129"><institution>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a130"><institution>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21042,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kijoung" sort="Song, Kijoung" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kijoung" last="Song">Kijoung Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a131"><institution>Genetics, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline</institution>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenput, Liesbeth" sort="Vandenput, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Vandenput L" first="Liesbeth" last="Vandenput">Liesbeth Vandenput</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a132"><institution>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg</institution>, 413 45 Gothenburg,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a118"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a133"><institution>Center for Medical Systems Biology</institution>, 2300 Leiden,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a134"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne</institution>, 1011 Lausanne,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Charles C" sort="White, Charles C" uniqKey="White C" first="Charles C." last="White">Charles C. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boettcher, Yvonne" sort="Boettcher, Yvonne" uniqKey="Boettcher Y" first="Yvonne" last="Boettcher">Yvonne Boettcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Richard S" sort="Cooper, Richard S" uniqKey="Cooper R" first="Richard S." last="Cooper">Richard S. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a137"><institution>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago</institution>, Maywood, Illinois 61053,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G." last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a138"><institution>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a139"><institution>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Torben" sort="J Rgensen, Torben" uniqKey="J Rgensen T" first="Torben" last="J Rgensen">Torben J Rgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a140"><institution>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a141"><institution>Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg</institution>, 9220 Aalborg,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a142"><institution>Research Centre for Prevention and Health</institution>, DK2600 Capital Region of Denmark,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jousilahti, Pekka" sort="Jousilahti, Pekka" uniqKey="Jousilahti P" first="Pekka" last="Jousilahti">Pekka Jousilahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a143"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a143"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a112"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a113"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a114"><institution>Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70029 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a143"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a144"><institution>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital</institution>, 2600 Glostrup,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luke, Amy" sort="Luke, Amy" uniqKey="Luke A" first="Amy" last="Luke">Amy Luke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a137"><institution>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago</institution>, Maywood, Illinois 61053,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Colin A" sort="Mckenzie, Colin A" uniqKey="Mckenzie C" first="Colin A." last="Mckenzie">Colin A. Mckenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a111"><institution>Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies</institution>, Mona JMAAW15,<country>Jamaica</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a145"><institution>Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a146"><institution>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität</institution>, 81377 Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tayo, Bamidele O" sort="Tayo, Bamidele O" uniqKey="Tayo B" first="Bamidele O." last="Tayo">Bamidele O. Tayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a137"><institution>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago</institution>, Maywood, Illinois 61053,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, David A" sort="Bennett, David A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="David A." last="Bennett">David A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center</institution>, Chicago, Illinois 60612,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertram, Lars" sort="Bertram, Lars" uniqKey="Bertram L" first="Lars" last="Bertram">Lars Bertram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a147"><institution>School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London</institution>, London W6 8RP,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a148"><institution>Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck</institution>, 23562 Lübeck,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley</institution>, Brownsville, Texas 78520</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bluher, Matthias" sort="Bluher, Matthias" uniqKey="Bluher M" first="Matthias" last="Blüher">Matthias Blüher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center</institution>, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70808,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Nam H" sort="Cho, Nam H" uniqKey="Cho N" first="Nam H." last="Cho">Nam H. Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a149"><institution>Ajou University School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>, Suwon Kyoung-gi 443-721,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Steven R" sort="Cummings, Steven R" uniqKey="Cummings S" first="Steven R." last="Cummings">Steven R. Cummings</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute</institution>, San Francisco, California 94107,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czerwinski, Stefan A" sort="Czerwinski, Stefan A" uniqKey="Czerwinski S" first="Stefan A." last="Czerwinski">Stefan A. Czerwinski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine</institution>, Dayton, Ohio 45420,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demuth, Ilja" sort="Demuth, Ilja" uniqKey="Demuth I" first="Ilja" last="Demuth">Ilja Demuth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a150"><institution>Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckardt, Rahel" sort="Eckardt, Rahel" uniqKey="Eckardt R" first="Rahel" last="Eckardt">Rahel Eckardt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a81"><institution>Folkhälsan Research Centre</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a109"><institution>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21225,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, Oscar H" sort="Franco, Oscar H" uniqKey="Franco O" first="Oscar H." last="Franco">Oscar H. Franco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gansevoort, Ron T" sort="Gansevoort, Ron T" uniqKey="Gansevoort R" first="Ron T." last="Gansevoort">Ron T. Gansevoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a151"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark</institution>, 5000 Odense,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a72"><institution>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas" sort="Hastie, Nicholas" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas" last="Hastie">Nicholas Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heliovaara, Markku" sort="Heliovaara, Markku" uniqKey="Heliovaara M" first="Markku" last="Heliövaara">Markku Heliövaara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Joanne M" sort="Jordan, Joanne M" uniqKey="Jordan J" first="Joanne M." last="Jordan">Joanne M. Jordan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chaper Hill, North Carolina 27599-7280,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a152"><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital</institution>, FI-33521 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a153"><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kajantie, Eero" sort="Kajantie, Eero" uniqKey="Kajantie E" first="Eero" last="Kajantie">Eero Kajantie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a154"><institution>Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00029 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a155"><institution>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu</institution>, FI-90029 Oulu,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knekt, Paul B" sort="Knekt, Paul B" uniqKey="Knekt P" first="Paul B." last="Knekt">Paul B. Knekt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a89"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a90"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere</institution>, FI-33520 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a156"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a157"><institution>Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine</institution>, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orwoll, Eric S" sort="Orwoll, Eric S" uniqKey="Orwoll E" first="Eric S." last="Orwoll">Eric S. Orwoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osmond, Clive" sort="Osmond, Clive" uniqKey="Osmond C" first="Clive" last="Osmond">Clive Osmond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a158"><institution>MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital</institution>, Southampton SO16 6YD,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu</institution>, Tartu, 51010,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a159"><institution>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a160"><institution>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a161"><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital</institution>, FI-20521 Turku,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a162"><institution>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku</institution>, FI-20520 Turku,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center</institution>, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70808,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, D C" sort="Rao, D C" uniqKey="Rao D" first="D. C." last="Rao">D. C. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a104"><institution>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a163"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Treva K" sort="Rice, Treva K" uniqKey="Rice T" first="Treva K." last="Rice">Treva K. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a104"><institution>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a163"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a164"><institution>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region</institution>, 2000 Frederiksberg,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Towne, Bradford" sort="Towne, Bradford" uniqKey="Towne B" first="Bradford" last="Towne">Bradford Towne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine</institution>, Dayton, Ohio 45420,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tranah, Gregory J" sort="Tranah, Gregory J" uniqKey="Tranah G" first="Gregory J." last="Tranah">Gregory J. Tranah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute</institution>, San Francisco, California 94107,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Angelo" sort="Tremblay, Angelo" uniqKey="Tremblay A" first="Angelo" last="Tremblay">Angelo Tremblay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a159"><institution>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a165"><institution>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute</institution>, 3501 DG Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a166"><institution>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vartiainen, Erkki" sort="Vartiainen, Erkki" uniqKey="Vartiainen E" first="Erkki" last="Vartiainen">Erkki Vartiainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viikari, Jorma S" sort="Viikari, Jorma S" uniqKey="Viikari J" first="Jorma S." last="Viikari">Jorma S. Viikari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a167"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Turku</institution>, FI-20521 Turku,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a160"><institution>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a168"><institution>School of Nutrition, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a169"><institution>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a170"><institution>DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a171"><institution>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University</institution>, Newcastle NE2 4HH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wallaschofski, Henri" sort="Wallaschofski, Henri" uniqKey="Wallaschofski H" first="Henri" last="Wallaschofski">Henri Wallaschofski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a169"><institution>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah" sort="Wild, Sarah" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah" last="Wild">Sarah Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a172"><institution>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, D Timothy" sort="Bishop, D Timothy" uniqKey="Bishop D" first="D. Timothy" last="Bishop">D. Timothy Bishop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Leeds Centre, University of Leeds</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a173"><institution>Analytical Genetics Group, Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</institution>, Tarrytown, New York 10591,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a174"><institution>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust</institution>, London W12 0HS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a175"><institution>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a176"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3000CA Rotterdam/Zuidholland,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London</institution>, London EC1M 6BQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a177"><institution>Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University</institution>, Jeddah 21589,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fatemifar, Ghazaleh" sort="Fatemifar, Ghazaleh" uniqKey="Fatemifar G" first="Ghazaleh" last="Fatemifar">Ghazaleh Fatemifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline" sort="Fox, Caroline" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline" last="Fox">Caroline Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a175"><institution>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furey, Terrence S" sort="Furey, Terrence S" uniqKey="Furey T" first="Terrence S." last="Furey">Terrence S. Furey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a178"><institution>Department of Biology, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a166"><institution>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Jiali" sort="Han, Jiali" uniqKey="Han J" first="Jiali" last="Han">Jiali Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a179"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center</institution>, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a180"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a181"><institution>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, Juha" sort="Karjalainen, Juha" uniqKey="Karjalainen J" first="Juha" last="Karjalainen">Juha Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a166"><institution>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karpe, Fredrik" sort="Karpe, Fredrik" uniqKey="Karpe F" first="Fredrik" last="Karpe">Fredrik Karpe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a182"><institution>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Robert C" sort="Kaplan, Robert C" uniqKey="Kaplan R" first="Robert C." last="Kaplan">Robert C. Kaplan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine</institution>, Bronx, New York 10461,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a174"><institution>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust</institution>, London W12 0HS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a183"><institution>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a182"><institution>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murabito, Joanne M" sort="Murabito, Joanne M" uniqKey="Murabito J" first="Joanne M." last="Murabito">Joanne M. Murabito</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a184"><institution>Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a185"><institution>NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P." last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a186"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool</institution>, Liverpool L69 3GA,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, Julia A N" sort="Bishop, Julia A N" uniqKey="Bishop J" first="Julia A. N." last="Bishop">Julia A. N. Bishop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Leeds Centre, University of Leeds</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a187"><institution>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a132"><institution>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg</institution>, 413 45 Gothenburg,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a188"><institution>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL</institution>, London WC1B 5JU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a189"><institution>Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, J Brent" sort="Richards, J Brent" uniqKey="Richards J" first="J. Brent" last="Richards">J. Brent Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a190"><institution>Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a191"><institution>Department of Twin Research, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 1E7,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a192"><institution>Division of Endocrinology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schadt, Eric E" sort="Schadt, Eric E" uniqKey="Schadt E" first="Eric E." last="Schadt">Eric E. Schadt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a193"><institution>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a194"><institution>Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widen, Elisabeth" sort="Widen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Widen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Widén">Elisabeth Widén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willer, Cristen J" sort="Willer, Cristen J" uniqKey="Willer C" first="Cristen J." last="Willer">Cristen J. Willer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a195"><institution>Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a196"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Jian" sort="Yang, Jian" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jian" last="Yang">Jian Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University</institution>, 750 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a197"><institution>Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pospisilik, John Andrew" sort="Pospisilik, John Andrew" uniqKey="Pospisilik J" first="John Andrew" last="Pospisilik">John Andrew Pospisilik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a198"><institution>Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics</institution>, D-76108 Freiburg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M. Carola" last="Zillikens">M. Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia" last="Lindgren">Cecilia Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a199"><institution>The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas Oskari" sort="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas Oskari" uniqKey="Kilpel Inen T" first="Tuomas Oskari" last="Kilpel Inen">Tuomas Oskari Kilpel Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a200"><institution>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York, 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a201"><institution>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26833246</idno><idno type="pmc">4740398</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740398</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4740398</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms10495</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000756</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000756</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic
disease risk</title><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yingchang" sort="Lu, Yingchang" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yingchang" last="Lu">Yingchang Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Felix R" sort="Day, Felix R" uniqKey="Day F" first="Felix R." last="Day">Felix R. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University</institution>, 750 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchkovich, Martin L" sort="Buchkovich, Martin L" uniqKey="Buchkovich M" first="Martin L." last="Buchkovich">Martin L. Buchkovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Na, Jianbo" sort="Na, Jianbo" uniqKey="Na J" first="Jianbo" last="Na">Jianbo Na</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bataille, Veronique" sort="Bataille, Veronique" uniqKey="Bataille V" first="Veronique" last="Bataille">Veronique Bataille</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>West Herts NHS Trust</institution>, Herts HP2 4AD,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cousminer, Diana L" sort="Cousminer, Diana L" uniqKey="Cousminer D" first="Diana L." last="Cousminer">Diana L. Cousminer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dastani, Zari" sort="Dastani, Zari" uniqKey="Dastani Z" first="Zari" last="Dastani">Zari Dastani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drong, Alexander W" sort="Drong, Alexander W" uniqKey="Drong A" first="Alexander W." last="Drong">Alexander W. Drong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu</institution>, Tartu, 51010,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M." last="Evans">David M. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute</institution>, Brisbane, Queensland 4102,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falchi, Mario" sort="Falchi, Mario" uniqKey="Falchi M" first="Mario" last="Falchi">Mario Falchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hedman, Sa K" sort="Hedman, Sa K" uniqKey="Hedman " first=" Sa K." last="Hedman"> Sa K. Hedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University</institution>, 750 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haring, Robin" sort="Haring, Robin" uniqKey="Haring R" first="Robin" last="Haring">Robin Haring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Public Health</institution>, 18055 Rostock,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hysi, Pirro G" sort="Hysi, Pirro G" uniqKey="Hysi P" first="Pirro G." last="Hysi">Pirro G. Hysi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iles, Mark M" sort="Iles, Mark M" uniqKey="Iles M" first="Mark M." last="Iles">Mark M. Iles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Leeds Centre, University of Leeds</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E." last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London</institution>, London EC1M 6BQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagou, Vasiliki" sort="Lagou, Vasiliki" uniqKey="Lagou V" first="Vasiliki" last="Lagou">Vasiliki Lagou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Rui" sort="Li, Rui" uniqKey="Li R" first="Rui" last="Li">Rui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xin" sort="Li, Xin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xin" last="Li">Xin Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Locke, Adam" sort="Locke, Adam" uniqKey="Locke A" first="Adam" last="Locke">Adam Locke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Chen" sort="Lu, Chen" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Chen" last="Lu">Chen Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu</institution>, Tartu, 51010,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, John R B" sort="Perry, John R B" uniqKey="Perry J" first="John R. B." last="Perry">John R. B. Perry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pers, Tune H" sort="Pers, Tune H" uniqKey="Pers T" first="Tune H." last="Pers">Tune H. Pers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a32"><institution>Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard</institution>, Cambridge 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a33"><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Qibin" sort="Qi, Qibin" uniqKey="Qi Q" first="Qibin" last="Qi">Qibin Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine</institution>, Bronx, New York 10461,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Marianna" sort="Sanna, Marianna" uniqKey="Sanna M" first="Marianna" last="Sanna">Marianna Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Ellen M" sort="Schmidt, Ellen M" uniqKey="Schmidt E" first="Ellen M." last="Schmidt">Ellen M. Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, William R" sort="Scott, William R" uniqKey="Scott W" first="William R." last="Scott">William R. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a38"><institution>Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hosptial</institution>, 205 02 Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a39"><institution>Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University</institution>, 901 87 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a40"><institution>Department of Odontology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a42"><institution>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vinkhuyzen, Anna A E" sort="Vinkhuyzen, Anna A E" uniqKey="Vinkhuyzen A" first="Anna A. E." last="Vinkhuyzen">Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Ryan W" sort="Walker, Ryan W" uniqKey="Walker R" first="Ryan W." last="Walker">Ryan W. Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westra, Harm Jan" sort="Westra, Harm Jan" uniqKey="Westra H" first="Harm-Jan" last="Westra">Harm-Jan Westra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a45"><institution>Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02446,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a46"><institution>Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02446,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Mingfeng" sort="Zhang, Mingfeng" uniqKey="Zhang M" first="Mingfeng" last="Zhang">Mingfeng Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a47"><institution>Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Zhihong" sort="Zhu, Zhihong" uniqKey="Zhu Z" first="Zhihong" last="Zhu">Zhihong Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Afzal, Uzma" sort="Afzal, Uzma" uniqKey="Afzal U" first="Uzma" last="Afzal">Uzma Afzal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh" sort="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh" uniqKey="Ahluwalia T" first="Tarunveer Singh" last="Ahluwalia">Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a48"><institution>Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sceinces, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a49"><institution>Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital Region</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a50"><institution>Steno Diabetes Center A/S</institution>, DK-2820 Gentofte,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan J L" sort="Bakker, Stephan J L" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan J. L." last="Bakker">Stephan J. L. Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute</institution>, San Antonio, Texas 78245,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borodulin, Katja" sort="Borodulin, Katja" uniqKey="Borodulin K" first="Katja" last="Borodulin">Katja Borodulin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchman, Aron S" sort="Buchman, Aron S" uniqKey="Buchman A" first="Aron S." last="Buchman">Aron S. Buchman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center</institution>, Chicago, Illinois 60612,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cederholm, Tommy" sort="Cederholm, Tommy" uniqKey="Cederholm T" first="Tommy" last="Cederholm">Tommy Cederholm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a58"><institution>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choh, Audrey C" sort="Choh, Audrey C" uniqKey="Choh A" first="Audrey C." last="Choh">Audrey C. Choh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine</institution>, Dayton, Ohio 45420,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Hyung Jin" sort="Choi, Hyung Jin" uniqKey="Choi H" first="Hyung Jin" last="Choi">Hyung Jin Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a60"><institution>Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine</institution>, Seoul 03080,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curran, Joanne E" sort="Curran, Joanne E" uniqKey="Curran J" first="Joanne E." last="Curran">Joanne E. Curran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley</institution>, Brownsville, Texas 78520</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" sort="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" uniqKey="De Groot L" first="Lisette C. P. G. M." last="De Groot">Lisette C. P. G. M. De Groot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University</institution>, 6700 EV Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jager, Philip L" sort="De Jager, Philip L" uniqKey="De Jager P" first="Philip L." last="De Jager">Philip L. De Jager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a64"><institution>Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie A M" sort="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie A M" uniqKey="Dhonukshe Rutten R" first="Rosalie A. M." last="Dhonukshe-Rutten">Rosalie A. M. Dhonukshe-Rutten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a62"><institution>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University</institution>, 6700 EV Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enneman, Anke W" sort="Enneman, Anke W" uniqKey="Enneman A" first="Anke W." last="Enneman">Anke W. Enneman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eury, Elodie" sort="Eury, Elodie" uniqKey="Eury E" first="Elodie" last="Eury">Elodie Eury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Daniel S" sort="Evans, Daniel S" uniqKey="Evans D" first="Daniel S." last="Evans">Daniel S. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute</institution>, San Francisco, California 94107,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forsen, Tom" sort="Forsen, Tom" uniqKey="Forsen T" first="Tom" last="Forsen">Tom Forsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedrich, Nele" sort="Friedrich, Nele" uniqKey="Friedrich N" first="Nele" last="Friedrich">Nele Friedrich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fumeron, Frederic" sort="Fumeron, Frederic" uniqKey="Fumeron F" first="Frédéric" last="Fumeron">Frédéric Fumeron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a68"><institution>INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a69"><institution>Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a70"><institution>Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a71"><institution>Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, Melissa E" sort="Garcia, Melissa E" uniqKey="Garcia M" first="Melissa E." last="Garcia">Melissa E. Garcia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a72"><institution>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Rtner, Simone" sort="G Rtner, Simone" uniqKey="G Rtner S" first="Simone" last="G Rtner">Simone G Rtner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a73"><institution>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Bok Ghee" sort="Han, Bok Ghee" uniqKey="Han B" first="Bok-Ghee" last="Han">Bok-Ghee Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a74"><institution>Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex</institution>, Chungcheongbuk-do 370914,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havulinna, Aki S" sort="Havulinna, Aki S" uniqKey="Havulinna A" first="Aki S." last="Havulinna">Aki S. Havulinna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a76"><institution>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillege, Hans" sort="Hillege, Hans" uniqKey="Hillege H" first="Hans" last="Hillege">Hans Hillege</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ittermann, Till" sort="Ittermann, Till" uniqKey="Ittermann T" first="Till" last="Ittermann">Till Ittermann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kent, Jack W" sort="Kent, Jack W" uniqKey="Kent J" first="Jack W." last="Kent">Jack W. Kent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a52"><institution>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute</institution>, San Antonio, Texas 78245,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolcic, Ivana" sort="Kolcic, Ivana" uniqKey="Kolcic I" first="Ivana" last="Kolcic">Ivana Kolcic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a78"><institution>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split</institution>, Split 21000,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laatikainen, Tiina" sort="Laatikainen, Tiina" uniqKey="Laatikainen T" first="Tiina" last="Laatikainen">Tiina Laatikainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a79"><institution>Hospital District of North Karelia</institution>, FI-80210 Joensuu,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a80"><institution>Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, FI-70211 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahti, Jari" sort="Lahti, Jari" uniqKey="Lahti J" first="Jari" last="Lahti">Jari Lahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a81"><institution>Folkhälsan Research Centre</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a82"><institution>Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Irene Mateo" sort="Leach, Irene Mateo" uniqKey="Leach I" first="Irene Mateo" last="Leach">Irene Mateo Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Christine G" sort="Lee, Christine G" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Christine G." last="Lee">Christine G. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a83"><institution>Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a84"><institution>Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jong Young" sort="Lee, Jong Young" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jong-Young" last="Lee">Jong-Young Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a74"><institution>Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex</institution>, Chungcheongbuk-do 370914,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Tian" sort="Liu, Tian" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tian" last="Liu">Tian Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a85"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics</institution>, 14195 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a86"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Human Development</institution>, 14194 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Youfang" sort="Liu, Youfang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Youfang" last="Liu">Youfang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chaper Hill, North Carolina 27599-7280,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobbens, Stephane" sort="Lobbens, Stephane" uniqKey="Lobbens S" first="Stéphane" last="Lobbens">Stéphane Lobbens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loh, Marie" sort="Loh, Marie" uniqKey="Loh M" first="Marie" last="Loh">Marie Loh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a88"><institution>Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)</institution>, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore 138648,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" sort="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" uniqKey="Lyytik Inen L" first="Leo-Pekka" last="Lyytik Inen">Leo-Pekka Lyytik Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a89"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a90"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere</institution>, FI-33520 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Gomez, Carolina" sort="Medina Gomez, Carolina" uniqKey="Medina Gomez C" first="Carolina" last="Medina-Gomez">Carolina Medina-Gomez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michaelsson, Karl" sort="Michaelsson, Karl" uniqKey="Michaelsson K" first="Karl" last="Michaëlsson">Karl Michaëlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a93"><institution>Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nalls, Mike A" sort="Nalls, Mike A" uniqKey="Nalls M" first="Mike A." last="Nalls">Mike A. Nalls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a76"><institution>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielson, Carrie M" sort="Nielson, Carrie M" uniqKey="Nielson C" first="Carrie M." last="Nielson">Carrie M. Nielson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a94"><institution>School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oozageer, Laticia" sort="Oozageer, Laticia" uniqKey="Oozageer L" first="Laticia" last="Oozageer">Laticia Oozageer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Laura" sort="Pascoe, Laura" uniqKey="Pascoe L" first="Laura" last="Pascoe">Laura Pascoe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a96"><institution>Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University</institution>, Newcastle NE1 7RU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paternoster, Lavinia" sort="Paternoster, Lavinia" uniqKey="Paternoster L" first="Lavinia" last="Paternoster">Lavinia Paternoster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polašek">Ozren Polašek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a78"><institution>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split</institution>, Split 21000,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a98"><institution>Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A." last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center</institution>, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70808,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Chan Soo" sort="Shin, Chan Soo" uniqKey="Shin C" first="Chan Soo" last="Shin">Chan Soo Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a100"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine</institution>, Seoul 03080,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naran I, Nina Smolej" sort="Naran I, Nina Smolej" uniqKey="Naran I N" first="Nina Smolej" last="Naran I">Nina Smolej Naran I</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a101"><institution>Institute for Anthropological Research</institution>, Zagreb 10000,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spira, Dominik" sort="Spira, Dominik" uniqKey="Spira D" first="Dominik" last="Spira">Dominik Spira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a103"><institution>Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srikanth, Priya" sort="Srikanth, Priya" uniqKey="Srikanth P" first="Priya" last="Srikanth">Priya Srikanth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a94"><institution>School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" sort="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Steinhagen Thiessen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Steinhagen-Thiessen">Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a103"><institution>Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Yun Ju" sort="Sung, Yun Ju" uniqKey="Sung Y" first="Yun Ju" last="Sung">Yun Ju Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a104"><institution>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swart, Karin M A" sort="Swart, Karin M A" uniqKey="Swart K" first="Karin M. A." last="Swart">Karin M. A. Swart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a105"><institution>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a106"><institution>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taittonen, Leena" sort="Taittonen, Leena" uniqKey="Taittonen L" first="Leena" last="Taittonen">Leena Taittonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a107"><institution>Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu</institution>, FI-90014 Oulu,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a108"><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital</institution>, FI-65100 Vaasa,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a109"><institution>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21225,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tikkanen, Emmi" sort="Tikkanen, Emmi" uniqKey="Tikkanen E" first="Emmi" last="Tikkanen">Emmi Tikkanen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a98"><institution>Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" sort="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" uniqKey="Van Der Velde N" first="Nathalie" last="Van Der Velde">Nathalie Van Der Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schoor, Natasja M" sort="Van Schoor, Natasja M" uniqKey="Van Schoor N" first="Natasja M." last="Van Schoor">Natasja M. Van Schoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a105"><institution>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a106"><institution>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F." last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Lei" sort="Yu, Lei" uniqKey="Yu L" first="Lei" last="Yu">Lei Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center</institution>, Chicago, Illinois 60612,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zmuda, Joseph M" sort="Zmuda, Joseph M" uniqKey="Zmuda J" first="Joseph M." last="Zmuda">Joseph M. Zmuda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a110"><institution>Department of Epidemiology; University of Pittsburgh</institution>, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eklund, Niina" sort="Eklund, Niina" uniqKey="Eklund N" first="Niina" last="Eklund">Niina Eklund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Terrence" sort="Forrester, Terrence" uniqKey="Forrester T" first="Terrence" last="Forrester">Terrence Forrester</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a111"><institution>Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies</institution>, Mona JMAAW15,<country>Jamaica</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuulasmaa, Teemu" sort="Kuulasmaa, Teemu" uniqKey="Kuulasmaa T" first="Teemu" last="Kuulasmaa">Teemu Kuulasmaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a112"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a112"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a113"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a114"><institution>Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70029 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichtner, Peter" sort="Lichtner, Peter" uniqKey="Lichtner P" first="Peter" last="Lichtner">Peter Lichtner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a115"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Cameron D" sort="Palmer, Cameron D" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Cameron D." last="Palmer">Cameron D. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ried, Janina S" sort="Ried, Janina S" uniqKey="Ried J" first="Janina S." last="Ried">Janina S. Ried</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stancakova, Alena" sort="Stancakova, Alena" uniqKey="Stancakova A" first="Alena" last="Stancáková">Alena Stancáková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a117"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Peter J" sort="Wagner, Peter J" uniqKey="Wagner P" first="Peter J." last="Wagner">Peter J. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a118"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doring, Angela" sort="Doring, Angela" uniqKey="Doring A" first="Angela" last="Döring">Angela Döring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a119"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a121"><institution>Icelandic Heart Association</institution>, Kopavogur 201,<country>Iceland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a122"><institution>University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine</institution>, Reykjavik 101,<country>Iceland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiel, Douglas P" sort="Kiel, Douglas P" uniqKey="Kiel D" first="Douglas P." last="Kiel">Douglas P. Kiel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a123"><institution>Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a124"><institution>Institute for Aging Research Hebrew Senior Life</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02131,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhnel, Brigitte" sort="Kuhnel, Brigitte" uniqKey="Kuhnel B" first="Brigitte" last="Kühnel">Brigitte Kühnel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcknight, Barbara" sort="Mcknight, Barbara" uniqKey="Mcknight B" first="Barbara" last="Mcknight">Barbara Mcknight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a126"><institution>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98101,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a127"><institution>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a128"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98195,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Connell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Connell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O'Connell">Jeffrey R. O'Connell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a129"><institution>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A." last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a118"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a129"><institution>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a130"><institution>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21042,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kijoung" sort="Song, Kijoung" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kijoung" last="Song">Kijoung Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a131"><institution>Genetics, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline</institution>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenput, Liesbeth" sort="Vandenput, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Vandenput L" first="Liesbeth" last="Vandenput">Liesbeth Vandenput</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a132"><institution>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg</institution>, 413 45 Gothenburg,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a118"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a133"><institution>Center for Medical Systems Biology</institution>, 2300 Leiden,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a134"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne</institution>, 1011 Lausanne,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Charles C" sort="White, Charles C" uniqKey="White C" first="Charles C." last="White">Charles C. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boettcher, Yvonne" sort="Boettcher, Yvonne" uniqKey="Boettcher Y" first="Yvonne" last="Boettcher">Yvonne Boettcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Richard S" sort="Cooper, Richard S" uniqKey="Cooper R" first="Richard S." last="Cooper">Richard S. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a137"><institution>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago</institution>, Maywood, Illinois 61053,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G." last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a138"><institution>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a139"><institution>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Torben" sort="J Rgensen, Torben" uniqKey="J Rgensen T" first="Torben" last="J Rgensen">Torben J Rgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a140"><institution>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a141"><institution>Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg</institution>, 9220 Aalborg,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a142"><institution>Research Centre for Prevention and Health</institution>, DK2600 Capital Region of Denmark,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jousilahti, Pekka" sort="Jousilahti, Pekka" uniqKey="Jousilahti P" first="Pekka" last="Jousilahti">Pekka Jousilahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a143"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a143"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a112"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a113"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a114"><institution>Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70029 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a143"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a144"><institution>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital</institution>, 2600 Glostrup,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luke, Amy" sort="Luke, Amy" uniqKey="Luke A" first="Amy" last="Luke">Amy Luke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a137"><institution>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago</institution>, Maywood, Illinois 61053,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Colin A" sort="Mckenzie, Colin A" uniqKey="Mckenzie C" first="Colin A." last="Mckenzie">Colin A. Mckenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a111"><institution>Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies</institution>, Mona JMAAW15,<country>Jamaica</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a145"><institution>Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a120"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a125"><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a116"><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a146"><institution>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität</institution>, 81377 Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tayo, Bamidele O" sort="Tayo, Bamidele O" uniqKey="Tayo B" first="Bamidele O." last="Tayo">Bamidele O. Tayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a137"><institution>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago</institution>, Maywood, Illinois 61053,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, David A" sort="Bennett, David A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="David A." last="Bennett">David A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a57"><institution>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center</institution>, Chicago, Illinois 60612,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertram, Lars" sort="Bertram, Lars" uniqKey="Bertram L" first="Lars" last="Bertram">Lars Bertram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a147"><institution>School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London</institution>, London W6 8RP,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a148"><institution>Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck</institution>, 23562 Lübeck,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a61"><institution>South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley</institution>, Brownsville, Texas 78520</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bluher, Matthias" sort="Bluher, Matthias" uniqKey="Bluher M" first="Matthias" last="Blüher">Matthias Blüher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center</institution>, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70808,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Nam H" sort="Cho, Nam H" uniqKey="Cho N" first="Nam H." last="Cho">Nam H. Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a149"><institution>Ajou University School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>, Suwon Kyoung-gi 443-721,<country>Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Steven R" sort="Cummings, Steven R" uniqKey="Cummings S" first="Steven R." last="Cummings">Steven R. Cummings</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute</institution>, San Francisco, California 94107,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czerwinski, Stefan A" sort="Czerwinski, Stefan A" uniqKey="Czerwinski S" first="Stefan A." last="Czerwinski">Stefan A. Czerwinski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine</institution>, Dayton, Ohio 45420,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demuth, Ilja" sort="Demuth, Ilja" uniqKey="Demuth I" first="Ilja" last="Demuth">Ilja Demuth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a150"><institution>Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckardt, Rahel" sort="Eckardt, Rahel" uniqKey="Eckardt R" first="Rahel" last="Eckardt">Rahel Eckardt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a102"><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a67"><institution>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a81"><institution>Folkhälsan Research Centre</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a109"><institution>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21225,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, Oscar H" sort="Franco, Oscar H" uniqKey="Franco O" first="Oscar H." last="Franco">Oscar H. Franco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gansevoort, Ron T" sort="Gansevoort, Ron T" uniqKey="Gansevoort R" first="Ron T." last="Gansevoort">Ron T. Gansevoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a51"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a151"><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark</institution>, 5000 Odense,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a72"><institution>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas" sort="Hastie, Nicholas" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas" last="Hastie">Nicholas Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heliovaara, Markku" sort="Heliovaara, Markku" uniqKey="Heliovaara M" first="Markku" last="Heliövaara">Markku Heliövaara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Joanne M" sort="Jordan, Joanne M" uniqKey="Jordan J" first="Joanne M." last="Jordan">Joanne M. Jordan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a87"><institution>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chaper Hill, North Carolina 27599-7280,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a152"><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital</institution>, FI-33521 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a153"><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kajantie, Eero" sort="Kajantie, Eero" uniqKey="Kajantie E" first="Eero" last="Kajantie">Eero Kajantie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a154"><institution>Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00029 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a155"><institution>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu</institution>, FI-90029 Oulu,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knekt, Paul B" sort="Knekt, Paul B" uniqKey="Knekt P" first="Paul B." last="Knekt">Paul B. Knekt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a89"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a90"><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere</institution>, FI-33520 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a156"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a157"><institution>Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine</institution>, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orwoll, Eric S" sort="Orwoll, Eric S" uniqKey="Orwoll E" first="Eric S." last="Orwoll">Eric S. Orwoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a95"><institution>Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osmond, Clive" sort="Osmond, Clive" uniqKey="Osmond C" first="Clive" last="Osmond">Clive Osmond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a158"><institution>MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital</institution>, Southampton SO16 6YD,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu</institution>, Tartu, 51010,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a159"><institution>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a160"><institution>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a161"><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital</institution>, FI-20521 Turku,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a162"><institution>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku</institution>, FI-20520 Turku,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a99"><institution>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center</institution>, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70808,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, D C" sort="Rao, D C" uniqKey="Rao D" first="D. C." last="Rao">D. C. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a104"><institution>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a163"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Treva K" sort="Rice, Treva K" uniqKey="Rice T" first="Treva K." last="Rice">Treva K. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a104"><institution>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a163"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a164"><institution>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region</institution>, 2000 Frederiksberg,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a135"><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a136"><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Towne, Bradford" sort="Towne, Bradford" uniqKey="Towne B" first="Bradford" last="Towne">Bradford Towne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a59"><institution>Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine</institution>, Dayton, Ohio 45420,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tranah, Gregory J" sort="Tranah, Gregory J" uniqKey="Tranah G" first="Gregory J." last="Tranah">Gregory J. Tranah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a66"><institution>California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute</institution>, San Francisco, California 94107,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Angelo" sort="Tremblay, Angelo" uniqKey="Tremblay A" first="Angelo" last="Tremblay">Angelo Tremblay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a159"><institution>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a92"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a165"><institution>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute</institution>, 3501 DG Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a166"><institution>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vartiainen, Erkki" sort="Vartiainen, Erkki" uniqKey="Vartiainen E" first="Erkki" last="Vartiainen">Erkki Vartiainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a56"><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viikari, Jorma S" sort="Viikari, Jorma S" uniqKey="Viikari J" first="Jorma S." last="Viikari">Jorma S. Viikari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a167"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Turku</institution>, FI-20521 Turku,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a160"><institution>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a168"><institution>School of Nutrition, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a41"><institution>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a169"><institution>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a170"><institution>DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a44"><institution>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a171"><institution>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University</institution>, Newcastle NE2 4HH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wallaschofski, Henri" sort="Wallaschofski, Henri" uniqKey="Wallaschofski H" first="Henri" last="Wallaschofski">Henri Wallaschofski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a169"><institution>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah" sort="Wild, Sarah" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah" last="Wild">Sarah Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a172"><institution>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a75"><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a97"><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a53"><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a54"><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a55"><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, D Timothy" sort="Bishop, D Timothy" uniqKey="Bishop D" first="D. Timothy" last="Bishop">D. Timothy Bishop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Leeds Centre, University of Leeds</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63108,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a173"><institution>Analytical Genetics Group, Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</institution>, Tarrytown, New York 10591,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a36"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a174"><institution>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust</institution>, London W12 0HS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a175"><institution>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a176"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3000CA Rotterdam/Zuidholland,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London</institution>, London EC1M 6BQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a177"><institution>Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University</institution>, Jeddah 21589,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fatemifar, Ghazaleh" sort="Fatemifar, Ghazaleh" uniqKey="Fatemifar G" first="Ghazaleh" last="Fatemifar">Ghazaleh Fatemifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline" sort="Fox, Caroline" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline" last="Fox">Caroline Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a63"><institution>Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a175"><institution>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furey, Terrence S" sort="Furey, Terrence S" uniqKey="Furey T" first="Terrence S." last="Furey">Terrence S. Furey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a178"><institution>Department of Biology, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a77"><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a166"><institution>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Jiali" sort="Han, Jiali" uniqKey="Han J" first="Jiali" last="Han">Jiali Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a179"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center</institution>, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a180"><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a181"><institution>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, Juha" sort="Karjalainen, Juha" uniqKey="Karjalainen J" first="Juha" last="Karjalainen">Juha Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a166"><institution>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karpe, Fredrik" sort="Karpe, Fredrik" uniqKey="Karpe F" first="Fredrik" last="Karpe">Fredrik Karpe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a182"><institution>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Robert C" sort="Kaplan, Robert C" uniqKey="Kaplan R" first="Robert C." last="Kaplan">Robert C. Kaplan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a34"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine</institution>, Bronx, New York 10461,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a37"><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a174"><institution>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust</institution>, London W12 0HS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a183"><institution>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a182"><institution>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murabito, Joanne M" sort="Murabito, Joanne M" uniqKey="Murabito J" first="Joanne M." last="Murabito">Joanne M. Murabito</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a184"><institution>Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a185"><institution>NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P." last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a186"><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool</institution>, Liverpool L69 3GA,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, Julia A N" sort="Bishop, Julia A N" uniqKey="Bishop J" first="Julia A. N." last="Bishop">Julia A. N. Bishop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Leeds Centre, University of Leeds</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a187"><institution>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a132"><institution>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg</institution>, 413 45 Gothenburg,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a188"><institution>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL</institution>, London WC1B 5JU,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a189"><institution>Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, J Brent" sort="Richards, J Brent" uniqKey="Richards J" first="J. Brent" last="Richards">J. Brent Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a190"><institution>Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a191"><institution>Department of Twin Research, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 1E7,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a192"><institution>Division of Endocrinology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schadt, Eric E" sort="Schadt, Eric E" uniqKey="Schadt E" first="Eric E." last="Schadt">Eric E. Schadt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a193"><institution>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a194"><institution>Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widen, Elisabeth" sort="Widen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Widen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Widén">Elisabeth Widén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willer, Cristen J" sort="Willer, Cristen J" uniqKey="Willer C" first="Cristen J." last="Willer">Cristen J. Willer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a35"><institution>Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a195"><institution>Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a196"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Jian" sort="Yang, Jian" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jian" last="Yang">Jian Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a43"><institution>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane 4072,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University</institution>, 750 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a197"><institution>Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pospisilik, John Andrew" sort="Pospisilik, John Andrew" uniqKey="Pospisilik J" first="John Andrew" last="Pospisilik">John Andrew Pospisilik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a198"><institution>Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics</institution>, D-76108 Freiburg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M. Carola" last="Zillikens">M. Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a65"><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a91"><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia" last="Lindgren">Cecilia Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a199"><institution>The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas Oskari" sort="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas Oskari" uniqKey="Kilpel Inen T" first="Tuomas Oskari" last="Kilpel Inen">Tuomas Oskari Kilpel Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a31"><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a200"><institution>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York, 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a201"><institution>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to
cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis
of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci
reached genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5 ×
10<sup>−8</sup>), of which eight were previously associated with
increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near
<italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic>, <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>, <italic>PLA2G6</italic>, <italic>CRTC1</italic>) were novel
associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on
BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity,
while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting
association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly
associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association
signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link
between adiposity and disease risk.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frayling, T M" uniqKey="Frayling T">T. M. Frayling</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scuteri, A" uniqKey="Scuteri A">A. Scuteri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loos, R J" uniqKey="Loos R">R. J. Loos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chambers, J C" uniqKey="Chambers J">J. C. Chambers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Willer, C J" uniqKey="Willer C">C. J. Willer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, G" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G">G. Thorleifsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyre, D" uniqKey="Meyre D">D. Meyre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, C M" uniqKey="Lindgren C">C. M. Lindgren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heard Costa, N L" uniqKey="Heard Costa N">N. L. Heard-Costa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Speliotes, E K" uniqKey="Speliotes E">E. K. Speliotes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heid, I M" uniqKey="Heid I">I. M. Heid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scherag, A" uniqKey="Scherag A">A. Scherag</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kilpelainen, T O" uniqKey="Kilpelainen T">T. O. Kilpelainen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wen, W" uniqKey="Wen W">W. Wen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okada, Y" uniqKey="Okada Y">Y. Okada</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bradfield, J P" uniqKey="Bradfield J">J. P. Bradfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Monda, K L" uniqKey="Monda K">K. L. Monda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Falchi, M" uniqKey="Falchi M">M. Falchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Locke, A E" uniqKey="Locke A">A. E. Locke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shungin, D" uniqKey="Shungin D">D. Shungin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heo, M" uniqKey="Heo M">M. Heo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faith, M S" uniqKey="Faith M">M. S. Faith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pietrobelli, A" uniqKey="Pietrobelli A">A. Pietrobelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heymsfield, S X0a B" uniqKey="Heymsfield S">S.
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Communications</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2041-1723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26833246</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4740398</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ncomms10495</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ncomms10495</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic
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Brent</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a190">190</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a191">191</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a192">192</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schadt</surname><given-names>Eric E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a193">193</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a194">194</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spector</surname><given-names>Tim D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Widén</surname><given-names>Elisabeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willer</surname><given-names>Cristen J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a35">35</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a195">195</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a196">196</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-4966</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Jian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a43">43</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-2474</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ingelsson</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a197">197</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohlke</surname><given-names>Karen L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hirschhorn</surname><given-names>Joel N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a14">14</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pospisilik</surname><given-names>John Andrew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a198">198</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-0977</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zillikens</surname><given-names>M. Carola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a65">65</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a91">91</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindgren</surname><given-names>Cecilia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a12">12</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a14">14</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a199">199</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kilpeläinen</surname><given-names>Tuomas Oskari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a31">31</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Loos</surname><given-names>Ruth J. F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a200">200</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a201">201</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label><institution>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University</institution>, 750 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a6"><label>6</label><institution>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a7"><label>7</label><institution>Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a8"><label>8</label><institution>West Herts NHS Trust</institution>, Herts HP2 4AD,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a9"><label>9</label><institution>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 7EH,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a10"><label>10</label><institution>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a11"><label>11</label><institution>Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</aff><aff id="a12"><label>12</label><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>,<institution>Oxford</institution> OX3 7BN,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a13"><label>13</label><institution>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu</institution>, Tartu, 51010,<country>Estonia</country></aff><aff id="a14"><label>14</label><institution>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>, Cambridge 2142,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a15"><label>15</label><institution>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a16"><label>16</label><institution>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a17"><label>17</label><institution>University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute</institution>, Brisbane, Queensland 4102,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a18"><label>18</label><institution>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS82BN,<country>UKnited</country></aff><aff id="a19"><label>19</label><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a20"><label>20</label><institution>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63108,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a21"><label>21</label><institution>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a22"><label>22</label><institution>European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Public Health</institution>, 18055 Rostock,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a23"><label>23</label><institution>Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Leeds Centre, University of Leeds</institution>, Leeds LS9 7TF,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a24"><label>24</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a25"><label>25</label><institution>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London</institution>, London EC1M 6BQ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a26"><label>26</label><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics</institution>, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</aff><aff id="a27"><label>27</label><institution>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a28"><label>28</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a29"><label>29</label><institution>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a30"><label>30</label><institution>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a31"><label>31</label><institution>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a32"><label>32</label><institution>Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard</institution>, Cambridge 02142,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a33"><label>33</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut</institution>, 2100 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a34"><label>34</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine</institution>, Bronx, New York 10461,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a35"><label>35</label><institution>Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a36"><label>36</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London</institution>, London W2 1PG,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a37"><label>37</label><institution>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust</institution>, Middlesex UB1 3HW,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a38"><label>38</label><institution>Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hosptial</institution>, 205 02 Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a39"><label>39</label><institution>Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University</institution>, 901 87 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a40"><label>40</label><institution>Department of Odontology, Umeå University</institution>, 901 85 Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a41"><label>41</label><institution>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a42"><label>42</label><institution>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a43"><label>43</label><institution>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland</institution>, Brisbane 4072,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a44"><label>44</label><institution>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a45"><label>45</label><institution>Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02446,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a46"><label>46</label><institution>Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02446,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a47"><label>47</label><institution>Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a48"><label>48</label><institution>Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sceinces, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a49"><label>49</label><institution>Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital Region</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a50"><label>50</label><institution>Steno Diabetes Center A/S</institution>, DK-2820 Gentofte,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a51"><label>51</label><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a52"><label>52</label><institution>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute</institution>, San Antonio, Texas 78245,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a53"><label>53</label><institution>CNRS UMR 8199</institution>, F-59019 Lille,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a54"><label>54</label><institution>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a55"><label>55</label><institution>Université de Lille 2</institution>, 59000 Lille,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a56"><label>56</label><institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>, FI-00271 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a57"><label>57</label><institution>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center</institution>, Chicago, Illinois 60612,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a58"><label>58</label><institution>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a59"><label>59</label><institution>Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine</institution>, Dayton, Ohio 45420,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a60"><label>60</label><institution>Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine</institution>, Seoul 03080,<country>Korea</country></aff><aff id="a61"><label>61</label><institution>South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley</institution>, Brownsville, Texas 78520</aff><aff id="a62"><label>62</label><institution>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University</institution>, 6700 EV Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a63"><label>63</label><institution>Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a64"><label>64</label><institution>Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a65"><label>65</label><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a66"><label>66</label><institution>California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute</institution>, San Francisco, California 94107,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a67"><label>67</label><institution>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a68"><label>68</label><institution>INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a69"><label>69</label><institution>Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a70"><label>70</label><institution>Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a71"><label>71</label><institution>Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>, F-75006 Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a72"><label>72</label><institution>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a73"><label>73</label><institution>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a74"><label>74</label><institution>Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex</institution>, Chungcheongbuk-do 370914,<country>Korea</country></aff><aff id="a75"><label>75</label><institution>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH4 2XU,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a76"><label>76</label><institution>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a77"><label>77</label><institution>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a78"><label>78</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split</institution>, Split 21000,<country>Croatia</country></aff><aff id="a79"><label>79</label><institution>Hospital District of North Karelia</institution>, FI-80210 Joensuu,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a80"><label>80</label><institution>Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, FI-70211 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a81"><label>81</label><institution>Folkhälsan Research Centre</institution>, FI-00290 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a82"><label>82</label><institution>Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a83"><label>83</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a84"><label>84</label><institution>Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a85"><label>85</label><institution>Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics</institution>, 14195 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a86"><label>86</label><institution>Max Planck Institute for Human Development</institution>, 14194 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a87"><label>87</label><institution>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chaper Hill, North Carolina 27599-7280,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a88"><label>88</label><institution>Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)</institution>, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore 138648,<country>Singapore</country></aff><aff id="a89"><label>89</label><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a90"><label>90</label><institution>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere</institution>, FI-33520 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a91"><label>91</label><institution>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</institution>, Rotterdam<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a92"><label>92</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a93"><label>93</label><institution>Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a94"><label>94</label><institution>School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a95"><label>95</label><institution>Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University</institution>, Portland, Oregon 97239,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a96"><label>96</label><institution>Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University</institution>, Newcastle NE1 7RU,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a97"><label>97</label><institution>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a98"><label>98</label><institution>Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a99"><label>99</label><institution>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center</institution>, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70808,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a100"><label>100</label><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine</institution>, Seoul 03080,<country>Korea</country></aff><aff id="a101"><label>101</label><institution>Institute for Anthropological Research</institution>, Zagreb 10000,<country>Croatia</country></aff><aff id="a102"><label>102</label><institution>The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13347 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a103"><label>103</label><institution>Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a104"><label>104</label><institution>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a105"><label>105</label><institution>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a106"><label>106</label><institution>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>, 1081 BT Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a107"><label>107</label><institution>Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu</institution>, FI-90014 Oulu,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a108"><label>108</label><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital</institution>, FI-65100 Vaasa,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a109"><label>109</label><institution>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21225,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a110"><label>110</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology; University of Pittsburgh</institution>, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a111"><label>111</label><institution>Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies</institution>, Mona JMAAW15,<country>Jamaica</country></aff><aff id="a112"><label>112</label><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a113"><label>113</label><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a114"><label>114</label><institution>Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70029 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a115"><label>115</label><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a116"><label>116</label><institution>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a117"><label>117</label><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital</institution>, 70210 Kuopio,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a118"><label>118</label><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>, 3015GE Rotterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a119"><label>119</label><institution>Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a120"><label>120</label><institution>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a121"><label>121</label><institution>Icelandic Heart Association</institution>, Kopavogur 201,<country>Iceland</country></aff><aff id="a122"><label>122</label><institution>University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine</institution>, Reykjavik 101,<country>Iceland</country></aff><aff id="a123"><label>123</label><institution>Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</aff><aff id="a124"><label>124</label><institution>Institute for Aging Research Hebrew Senior Life</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02131,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a125"><label>125</label><institution>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a126"><label>126</label><institution>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98101,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a127"><label>127</label><institution>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98109,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a128"><label>128</label><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington</institution>, Seattle, Washington 98195,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a129"><label>129</label><institution>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a130"><label>130</label><institution>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland 21042,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a131"><label>131</label><institution>Genetics, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline</institution>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a132"><label>132</label><institution>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg</institution>, 413 45 Gothenburg,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a133"><label>133</label><institution>Center for Medical Systems Biology</institution>, 2300 Leiden,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a134"><label>134</label><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne</institution>, 1011 Lausanne,<country>Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="a135"><label>135</label><institution>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a136"><label>136</label><institution>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine</institution>, 04103 Leipzig,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a137"><label>137</label><institution>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago</institution>, Maywood, Illinois 61053,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a138"><label>138</label><institution>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)</institution>, 85764 Neuherberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a139"><label>139</label><institution>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a140"><label>140</label><institution>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen</institution>, 2200 Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a141"><label>141</label><institution>Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg</institution>, 9220 Aalborg,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a142"><label>142</label><institution>Research Centre for Prevention and Health</institution>, DK2600 Capital Region of Denmark,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a143"><label>143</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a144"><label>144</label><institution>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital</institution>, 2600 Glostrup,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a145"><label>145</label><institution>Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a146"><label>146</label><institution>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität</institution>, 81377 Munich,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a147"><label>147</label><institution>School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London</institution>, London W6 8RP,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a148"><label>148</label><institution>Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck</institution>, 23562 Lübeck,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a149"><label>149</label><institution>Ajou University School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>, Suwon Kyoung-gi 443-721,<country>Korea</country></aff><aff id="a150"><label>150</label><institution>Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 13353 Berlin,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a151"><label>151</label><institution>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark</institution>, 5000 Odense,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a152"><label>152</label><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital</institution>, FI-33521 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a153"><label>153</label><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine</institution>, FI-33014 Tampere,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a154"><label>154</label><institution>Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki</institution>, FI-00029 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a155"><label>155</label><institution>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu</institution>, FI-90029 Oulu,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a156"><label>156</label><institution>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University</institution>, 751 85 Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="a157"><label>157</label><institution>Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine</institution>, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a158"><label>158</label><institution>MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital</institution>, Southampton SO16 6YD,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a159"><label>159</label><institution>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</aff><aff id="a160"><label>160</label><institution>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</aff><aff id="a161"><label>161</label><institution>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital</institution>, FI-20521 Turku,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a162"><label>162</label><institution>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku</institution>, FI-20520 Turku,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a163"><label>163</label><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine</institution>, St Louis, Missouri 63110,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a164"><label>164</label><institution>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region</institution>, 2000 Frederiksberg,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="a165"><label>165</label><institution>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute</institution>, 3501 DG Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a166"><label>166</label><institution>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen</institution>, 9700 RB Groningen,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a167"><label>167</label><institution>Department of Medicine, University of Turku</institution>, FI-20521 Turku,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="a168"><label>168</label><institution>School of Nutrition, Laval University</institution>, Québec City, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> G1V 0A6</aff><aff id="a169"><label>169</label><institution>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a170"><label>170</label><institution>DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), partner site Greifswald</institution>, 17475 Greifswald,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a171"><label>171</label><institution>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University</institution>, Newcastle NE2 4HH,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a172"><label>172</label><institution>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh</institution>, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a173"><label>173</label><institution>Analytical Genetics Group, Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</institution>, Tarrytown, New York 10591,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a174"><label>174</label><institution>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust</institution>, London W12 0HS,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a175"><label>175</label><institution>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a176"><label>176</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center</institution>, 3000CA Rotterdam/Zuidholland,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a177"><label>177</label><institution>Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University</institution>, Jeddah 21589,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="a178"><label>178</label><institution>Department of Biology, University of North Carolina</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a179"><label>179</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center</institution>, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a180"><label>180</label><institution>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a181"><label>181</label><institution>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a182"><label>182</label><institution>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a183"><label>183</label><institution>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London</institution>, London W12 0NN,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a184"><label>184</label><institution>Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a185"><label>185</label><institution>NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study</institution>, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a186"><label>186</label><institution>Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool</institution>, Liverpool L69 3GA,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a187"><label>187</label><institution>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</institution>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a188"><label>188</label><institution>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL</institution>, London WC1B 5JU,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a189"><label>189</label><institution>Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a190"><label>190</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</aff><aff id="a191"><label>191</label><institution>Department of Twin Research, King's College London</institution>, London SE1 1E7,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a192"><label>192</label><institution>Division of Endocrinology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montréal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country> H3T1E2</aff><aff id="a193"><label>193</label><institution>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a194"><label>194</label><institution>Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a195"><label>195</label><institution>Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a196"><label>196</label><institution>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan</institution>, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a197"><label>197</label><institution>Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine</institution>, Stanford, California 94305,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a198"><label>198</label><institution>Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics</institution>, D-76108 Freiburg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="a199"><label>199</label><institution>The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford OX3 7LJ,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a200"><label>200</label><institution>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York, 10029,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a201"><label>201</label><institution>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</institution>, New York, New York 10029,<country>USA</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>ruth.loos@mssm.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><elocation-id>10495</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights
Reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights
Reserved.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. The images or other third party material in this article are
included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated
otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative
Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to
reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to
cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis
of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci
reached genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5 ×
10<sup>−8</sup>), of which eight were previously associated with
increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near
<italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic>, <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>, <italic>PLA2G6</italic>, <italic>CRTC1</italic>) were novel
associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on
BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity,
while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting
association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly
associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association
signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link
between adiposity and disease risk.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="web-summary"><p><inline-graphic id="i1" xlink:href="ncomms10495-i1.jpg"></inline-graphic>A genome-wide association meta-analysis study here shows novel genetic
loci to be associated to body fat percentage, and describes cross-phenotype association
that further demonstrate a close relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular
disease risk.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><p>Large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for adiposity traits
and obesity risk have identified at least 160 loci that contribute to body weight and
fat distribution in adults and children of diverse ancestry<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1">1</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3">3</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b8">8</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b12">12</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b14">14</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b15">15</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b16">16</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b17">17</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b18">18</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref>.
Studies of overall adiposity, assessed by body mass index (BMI), have mainly implicated
genes that provide support for a role of the central nervous system (CNS) in obesity
susceptibility<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1">1</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3">3</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>, whereas genetic loci
associated with body fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), seem
enriched for genes involved in adipocyte metabolism<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref>. Although
these commonly studied adiposity traits are easily collected in large populations and
thus allow statistically well-powered meta-analyses, they represent heterogeneous
phenotypes, for example, people with the same BMI or WHR may vary in BF%,
translating in differences in cardiometabolic risk<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b21">21</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b22">22</xref>.</p><p>To assess the genetic contribution to adiposity, we previously performed the first GWAS
for BF% in nearly 40,000 individuals and identified two new loci (near
<italic>IRS1</italic> and <italic>SPRY2</italic>), not identified in earlier large-scale GWAS for
BMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>. Follow-up analyses of these loci provided strong evidence for
<italic>IRS1</italic> to be involved in tissue-specific body fat storage and subsequent
effects on cardiometabolic disease, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery
disease (CAD)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>. While little is known about <italic>SPRY2</italic>, the Spry1
homolog in mice has been implicated in adipose tissue differentiation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b23">23</xref>.
Taken together, these loci for BF% pointed towards new mechanisms involved in
adipocyte metabolism that differ from the BMI-associated loci that suggested a role for
the CNS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>.</p><p>Here, we have extended our study to include more than 100,000 individuals and continue to
discover novel genetic loci associated with BF% that have not been identified
before for any of the commonly studied adiposity traits<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1">1</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3">3</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b8">8</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9">9</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b12">12</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b14">14</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b15">15</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b16">16</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b17">17</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b18">18</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref>.
Through an in-depth integrative characterization, including cross-trait association
analyses, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), pathway and network analyses,
regulome analyses and transgenic drosophila models, we show that these loci provide new
insights into the biology that underlies adiposity and related cardiometabolic health,
by specifically highlighting peripheral physiological mechanisms.</p><sec disp-level="1"><title>Results</title><sec disp-level="2"><title>Analyses in >100,000 individuals identify 12 loci for
BF%</title><p>In our primary meta-analysis, we combined results of genetic associations with
BF% for up to 100,716 individuals from 43 GWAS (<italic>n</italic> up to
76,137) and 13 MetaboChip studies (<italic>n</italic> up to 24,582), predominantly of
European ancestry (<italic>n</italic> up to 89,297), but also of non-European ancestry
(<italic>n</italic> up to 11,419) populations (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 1</xref>). As women have on average a higher
BF% than men, we also stratified meta-analyses by sex
(<italic>n</italic><sub>men</sub> up to 52,416; <italic>n</italic><sub>women</sub> up to
48,956). In secondary meta-analyses, we combined data from European-ancestry
populations only (<italic>n</italic> up to 89,297; <italic>n</italic><sub>men</sub> up to 44,429;
<italic>n</italic><sub>women</sub> up to 45,525) to reduce genotypic and phenotypic
heterogeneity that may have been introduced in the overall analyses by combining
diverse ancestries.</p><p>In our primary meta-analysis of men and women combined, single-nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 independent loci reached genome-wide significance
(GWS, <italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 2</xref>), including the three loci that we identified
before<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>. Two additional loci, near <italic>PLA2G6</italic> and in
<italic>CRTC1</italic>, were identified in men-specific and women-specific analyses,
respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 3</xref>). The
European-ancestry-only analyses revealed the same loci, but no additional ones
(<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables
4–6</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary
Figs 4 and 5</xref>). We did not identify evidence of secondary signals at
any of the 12 loci.</p><p>Two (near <italic>IRS1</italic> and <italic>SPRY2</italic>) of the 12 loci had been first identified
in our previous genome-wide screen for BF% (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>), and six loci (in/near <italic>FTO</italic>, <italic>MC4R</italic>,
<italic>TMEM18</italic>, <italic>TOMM40/APOE</italic>, <italic>TUFM</italic>/<italic>SH2B1</italic> and <italic>SEC16B</italic>)
had been first reported for association with BMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1">1</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3">3</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4">4</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref>. Four of the 12 loci, in or near
<italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic>, <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>, <italic>PLA2G6</italic> and <italic>CRTC1</italic>, have
not been associated with an overall adiposity trait (such as BMI,
BF%, obesity risk) before (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Fig. 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 6</xref>). Of note, the
<italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic> locus was previously established as a locus for body fat
distribution independent of overall adiposity, assessed by
WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>, and the <italic>CRTC1</italic> locus has been
first reported for its association with age at menarche<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b24">24</xref> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>, See also ‘Cross-phenotype
association' section).</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Effect sizes and explained variance</title><p>Index SNPs in the 12 established loci increase BF% by 0.024 to 0.051
s.d. per allele (equivalent to 0.16 to 0.33% in BF%,
<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>). Given the
high correlation between BF% and BMI, the BF% increasing
alleles of each of the 12 loci are associated with increased BMI (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>). However, loci that
had been previously identified for BMI, have larger effects (expressed in s.d.
per allele) on BMI than on BF%, except the <italic>TOMM40/APOE</italic> locus,
which has a substantially more pronounced effect on BF% than on
BMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b25">25</xref> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>). The <italic>TOMM40/APOE</italic>locus, together with the loci previously (<italic>IRS1</italic> and <italic>SPRY2</italic>) and
newly (<italic>COBLL1</italic>/<italic>GRB14</italic>, <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>, <italic>PLA2G6</italic> and
<italic>CRCT1</italic>) identified for BF% all have larger effects on
BF% than on BMI (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>). This division based
on effect sizes, illustrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>, suggests that
<italic>IRS1, SPRY2, COBLL1/GRB14, TOMM40/APOE, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6</italic> and
<italic>CRTC1</italic> affect adiposity in particular, which is not fully captured by
BMI (which represents both lean and fat mass).</p><p>Of the 12 loci, four showed significant sex-specific effects. For the loci near
<italic>IRS1</italic> and <italic>PLA2G6,</italic> the effect in men was twice as large as in
women, whereas for the <italic>TMEM18</italic> and <italic>CRTC1</italic> loci the effect was two-
to threefold larger in women than in men (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). As
the European-ancestry-only populations represent the vast majority
(90%) of the total sample, effects sizes from European only and
all-ancestry analyses were similar (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 5 and 8</xref>).</p><p>In aggregate, the 12 loci explained 0.58% of the variance in
BF% in men and women combined. Because of the sex-specific effects of
four loci, the explained variance was slightly higher, when estimated in men
(0.62%) and women (0.61%) separately. Individually, the
<italic>FTO</italic> locus explained the most variance of all identified loci
(0.12%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Cross-phenotype association with cardiometabolic traits</title><p>To gain insight in how the BF% loci affect anthropometric and
cardiometabolic traits and comorbidities, we performed look-ups in the most
recent large-scale GWAS meta-analyses from the GIANT (Genetic Investigation of
ANthropometric Traits) consortium (WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> and height)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b26">26</xref>, the SAT-VAT consortium (abdominal visceral adipose tissue
(VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT))<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b27">27</xref>, the LEPgen
consortium (circulating leptin), the GLGC (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides
(TG))<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b28">28</xref>, the MAGIC (fasting glucose and fasting insulin)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b29">29</xref>, DIAGRAM (T2D)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b30">30</xref> and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (CAD)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b31">31</xref>. To account for multiple testing, associations were considered
statistically significant if <italic>P</italic> values were <5.2 ×
10<sup>−4</sup> (Bonferroni-corrected
<italic>P</italic>=0.05/96 (12 SNP * eight trait groups)).</p><p><italic>Associations with anthropometric and adiposity traits</italic>. The BF%
increasing alleles for 11 of the 12 loci were associated with increased
circulating leptin levels (<italic>P</italic><sub>binomial</sub>=0.006), of
which four reached statistical significance and another four were nominally
significant (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>). These results are
consistent with the notion that leptin is secreted by adipocytes proportional to
adipose tissue mass.</p><p>The BF% increasing alleles of all 12 loci were associated with
increased SAT and VAT (<italic>P</italic><sub>binomial</sub>=0.0005), two
(<italic>FTO</italic> and <italic>TMEM18</italic>) of which reached significance for association
with SAT, and two (<italic>FTO</italic> and <italic>TOMM40/APOE</italic>) with VAT. The
BF% increasing allele of the locus near <italic>IRS1</italic> was associated
with a lower VAT/SAT ratio, indicative of a proportionally greater subcutaneous
than visceral fat storage, as we have shown previously<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>).</p><p>As expected, most of the identified BF% loci showed no association
with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, as this trait, because of the adjustment for BMI,
does not correlate with overall adiposity. Nevertheless, associations with
WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> for two loci (<italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic> and
<italic>TOMM40/APOE</italic>) did reach statistical significance. The
<italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic> locus was previously identified as a
WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> locus<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>. We show that it is the
BF% increasing allele that is associated with lower
WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, suggestive of a preferential gluteal rather than
abdominal fat storage. Although the <italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic> association with
WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> is five times stronger in women than in men<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>, we observed no sex difference for association with
BF% (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). For the <italic>TOMM40/APOE</italic>locus, it is the BF% increasing allele that is also associated with
increased WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, suggesting that the <italic>TOMM40/APOE</italic> locus
increases abdominal and overall fat accumulation, at least in part, in an
additive and independent manner. Furthermore, the BF% increasing
allele was also significantly associated with increased VAT (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary
Table 7</xref>) and liver fat storage (<italic>P</italic>=3.4 ×
10<sup>−4</sup>, <italic>n</italic>=5,550, Methods
section).</p><p>SNPs in three loci (<italic>MC4R</italic>, <italic>PLA2G6</italic> and <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>) showed
significant association with height, two of which (<italic>PLA2G6</italic> and
<italic>IGF2BP1</italic>) have not been reported in large GWAS studies before. Similar
to the <italic>MC4R</italic> locus, the BF% increasing allele of the
<italic>PLA2G6</italic> (rs3761445) was associated with greater adult height
(<italic>P</italic>=6.7 × 10<sup>−5</sup>; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>). Following up this variant in data from the
Early Growth Genetics Consortium, we found that the BF% increasing
allele was associated with higher birth weight (<italic>P</italic>=0.003,
<italic>n</italic> up to 26,836; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b32">32</xref>) and greater
prepubertal height (<italic>P</italic>=0.007, <italic>n</italic>=13,948; ref.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">33</xref>), yet not with growth during or timing of
puberty (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table
10</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">33</xref>. In contrast, the BF% increasing
allele in <italic>IGF2BP1</italic> (rs9906944) was associated with shorter height (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>), a cross-phenotype association pattern that is
consistent with the effects of the GH/IGF1 axis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b34">34</xref>. SNPs in
<italic>IGF2BP1</italic>, in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs9906944
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.47), have been
previously implicated with primary tooth development in infancy<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b35">35</xref>. Consistently, the BF% increasing allele of <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>(rs9906944) showed association with a later eruption of the first tooth
(<italic>β</italic>=0.16 months per allele;
<italic>P</italic>=3.1 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and reduced
number of teeth at 1 year (<italic>β</italic>=−0.14 number
of teeth at age 1 year per allele; <italic>P</italic>=1.1 ×
10<sup>−7</sup>; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b35">35</xref>). Even
though this suggests a role in maturation, we found no evidence for association
with pre-pubertal height or pubertal growth and timing (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 10</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">33</xref> or
age at menarche (<italic>β</italic>=0.01 age of menarche (years) per
allele; <italic>P</italic>=0.11; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b24">24</xref>).
Although this locus harbours a number of genes, data in rodents suggest that
<italic>IGF2BP1</italic> might be a potential candidate gene driving the associations
observed here, as Igf2bp1 knockout mice demonstrate fetal and postnatal growth
retardation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b36">36</xref>.</p><p>Taken together, alleles of each of the 12 loci are associated with increased
BF%, yet their associations with other anthropometric traits differ,
which in turn might result in varying impacts on cardiometabolic health.</p><p><italic>Associations with cardiometabolic traits</italic>. Although phenotypic correlations
observed in epidemiological studies have shown that increased adiposity is
associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, the BF% increasing
alleles of identified loci do not always associate with poorer health outcomes
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 11</xref>). For some loci, the BF% increasing
allele may even have significant protective effects, as we have shown previously
for the locus near-<italic>IRS1</italic> (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>).</p><p>For the loci in/near <italic>FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, TUFM/SH2B1 and SEC16B,</italic> which were
all five previously established for BMI, the observed cross-phenotype
associations with cardiometabolic traits are generally directionally consistent
with the phenotypic correlations. Specifically, their BF% increasing
allele is typically associated with an unfavourable lipid profile and increased
insulin resistance (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 12 and 13</xref>). These
cross-phenotype associations translate in increased risk of T2D and CAD and
higher CRP levels, at least for the <italic>FTO, TMEM18 and MC4R</italic> loci (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 9,12 and 13</xref>).</p><p>For the remaining seven loci, which all have a larger effect on BF%
than on BMI (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>), the cross-phenotype associations are
not always consistent with the phenotypic correlation between BF% and
cardiometabolic traits. For example, the <italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic> locus was
previously identified for its association with fasting insulin<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b29">29</xref>,
TG<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b37">37</xref>, HDL-C<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b37">37</xref> and,T2D risk<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b30">30</xref>(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 12 and 13</xref>). However, we show for the first time
that it is the BF% increasing allele that is associated with a
protective effect on cardiometabolic health; that is, with significantly lower
TG levels and higher HDL-C levels, and a reduced risk of T2D (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary
Tables 12 and 13</xref>). This association signature of the
<italic>COBLL1</italic>/<italic>GRB14</italic> locus is consistent with the observation that its
BF% increasing allele is associated with a lower
WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, corresponding to a proportionally lower abdominal and
higher gluteal fat accumulation and, at nominal significance, with SAT but not
with the metabolically more harmful VAT. The <italic>COBLL1</italic>/<italic>GRB14</italic>association signature is similar to that of the near-<italic>IRS1</italic> locus (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 12 and 13</xref>), and suggest that the beneficial
cardiometabolic effects of the loci near <italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic> and <italic>IRS1</italic>might be mediated through a favourable influence on body fat distribution,
despite increased adiposity.</p><p>The BF% increasing allele of rs6857 near <italic>TOMM40</italic>/<italic>APOE</italic> is
significantly associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI), abdominal
adiposity (WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat
storage, which may be mediating the nominally significant association with
increased fasting glucose and risk of T2D (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> and
<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 13</xref>).
However, most notably, the BF% increasing allele was also highly
significantly associated with a favourable lipid profile and reduced risk of CAD
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>). The associations with lipid levels seem to
be only partially driven by the nearby <italic>APOE</italic> locus for which previously
highly significant associations with LDL-C<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b37">37</xref>, CRP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b38">38</xref> (both rs4420638), HDL-C and TG (rs439401; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b37">37</xref>) levels have been reported (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 7</xref>). These two SNPs
(rs4420638, rs439401) are in low LD with each other
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.13,
D′<sub>EUR</sub>=0.96), and with the here-identified
<italic>TOMM40</italic>-rs6857
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.39,
D′<sub>EUR</sub>=0.72 and
<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.06,
D′<sub>EUR</sub>=0.77, respectively). Although the
<italic>APOE</italic>-rs4420638 allele shows evidence of association with
BF% (<italic>P</italic>=3.9 ×
10<sup>−5</sup>), the association is completely abolished
(<italic>P</italic>=1.00) after conditioning for <italic>TOMM40</italic>-rs6857 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 14</xref>). The
<italic>APOE</italic>-rs439401 SNP, previously associated with HDL-C levels, was not
associated with BF% (<italic>P</italic>=0.72). Conversely, the
<italic>TOMM40</italic>-rs6857 associations with TG (<italic>P</italic>=4.5
× 10<sup>−19</sup>;
<italic>P</italic><sub>conditional</sub>=3.6 ×
10<sup>−5</sup>) and HDL-C (<italic>P</italic>=2.6
× 10<sup>−17</sup>;
<italic>P</italic><sub>conditional</sub>=8.4 ×
10<sup>−14</sup>) remain significant after conditioning for
the lipid-associated <italic>APOE</italic> SNPs (rs4420638, rs439401), whereas its
association with LDL-C (<italic>P</italic>=5.1 ×
10<sup>−110</sup>;
<italic>P</italic><sub>conditional</sub>=0.97) is completely abolished after
adjusting for the <italic>APOE-</italic>rs4420638 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 14</xref>). Taken together, these observations show that
associations of <italic>TOMM40</italic>-rs6857 are independent from the HDL-C and
TG-associated <italic>APOE</italic>-rs439401 and partially independent from the
LDL-C-associated <italic>APOE-</italic>rs4420638 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 14</xref>). Another SNP (rs2075650) in this region, in
high LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR=</sub>0.77,
D′<sub>EUR</sub>=0.96) with the <italic>TOMM40</italic>-rs6857
and associated with BF% (<italic>P</italic>=1.4 ×
10<sup>−7</sup>), has been previously identified for its
association with Alzheimer's disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b39">39</xref>, cognitive
function<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b40">40</xref> and ageing<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b41">41</xref>, with the
BF% increasing allele being associated with reduced risk of
Alzheimer's disease, slower cognitive decline and increased
longevity.</p><p>Although we do not observe association of <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>-rs9906944 with
circulating lipid levels or glycemic traits, interestingly, the BF%
increasing allele is significantly associated with increased risk of T2D and
CAD, and with higher CRP levels (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 9,12 and 13</xref>).</p><p>The sex-specific effect of <italic>PICK1</italic>/<italic>PLA2G6</italic>-rs3761445 does not
translate in sexual dimorphic associations with other traits (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary
Tables 12 and 13</xref>). Interestingly, the BF% increasing allele
is associated with a favourable lipid profile; in particular with lower TG
levels (<italic>P</italic>=8.1 × 10<sup>−12</sup>) and
higher HDL-C levels (<italic>P</italic>=3.9 ×
10<sup>−6</sup>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>), but no association with CAD risk was
observed (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>).
The <italic>PICK1</italic>/<italic>PLA6G2</italic>-rs3761445 is in moderate LD with SNPs identified
before for nevus count (rs2284063,
<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.67,
D′<sub>EUR</sub>=0.90; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b42">42</xref>) and melanoma risk (rs738322,
<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.77,
D′<sub>EUR</sub>=0.98; refs <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b42">42</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b43">43</xref>). Consistently, the rs3761445
BF% increasing allele is associated with a lower number of cutaneous
nevi (−0.067 nevi/allele, <italic>P</italic>=9.4 ×
10<sup>−6</sup>; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b43">43</xref>) and
reduced melanoma risk (OR=0.86 per allele, <italic>P</italic>=5.3
× 10<sup>−10</sup>; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b44">44</xref>).</p><p>The BF% increasing allele of <italic>CRTC1</italic>-rs757318, which showed a
significantly stronger association in women than men, was not associated with
any of the cardiometabolic traits in either sex-stratified or sex-combined
results. Rs757318 is in moderate LD
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.57,
D′<sub>EUR</sub>=1) with another <italic>CRTC1</italic> SNP
(rs10423674) that was previously established for age at menarche<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b24">24</xref> and, consistently, also the rs757318 BF% increasing allele was
significantly associated with earlier age at menarche
(<italic>β</italic>=−0.03 years per allele;
<italic>P</italic>=2.4 × 10<sup>−10</sup>; ref.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b24">24</xref>).</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Functional annotation of genome-wide significant loci</title><p>The causal genes and/or variants underlying most of the BF% associated
loci remain unknown. For the 12 genome-wide significant loci, and also for
putative loci (<italic>P</italic><1 × 10<sup>−5</sup>), we
used multiple complementary approaches to prioritize candidate genes and/or
variants and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in body fat regulation. These
approaches include identification of nearby coding variants or copy-number
variants (CNVs), <italic>cis</italic>-eQTL analysis, epigenetic marker and functional
regulatory genomic element analysis, pathway and tissue enrichment analysis, and
a transgenic <italic>Drosophila</italic> model.</p><p><italic>Coding variants and CNV analysis</italic>. Among the 12 index SNPs, only rs4788099
near <italic>SH2B1</italic> was in high LD with seven coding variants
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>>0.7) in nearby genes
(<italic>APOBR, SH2B1</italic> and <italic>ATP2A1</italic>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 15</xref>, Methods section).
Two of these seven variants were non-synonymous, of which, one, Thr484Ala
(rs7498665) in <italic>SH2B1</italic>, was in perfect LD with our index SNP. Thr484Ala
shows a high degree of conservation, but was predicted to be functionally benign
by PolyPhen and tolerated by SIFT. None of the other 11 index SNPs were in high
LD with coding or CNVs.</p><p><italic>eQTL analysis</italic>. We examined <italic>cis</italic>-associations between each index SNP
and gene expression of transcripts within 1 Mb-region flanking the
respective SNP (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 16
and 17</xref>, Methods section). As shown previously<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>, the
BF% increasing allele of rs2943652 near <italic>IRS1</italic> is associated
with increased IRS1 expression in omental and subcutaneous fat. SNPs within the
same locus (LD <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>>0.95) have also
been shown to be associated with increased IRS1 expression in skeletal
muscle<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b45">45</xref>. We also identified significant (<italic>P</italic><1
× 10<sup>−5</sup> or 5% FDR) eQTLs for other
BF% associated loci, even after conditioning for the most significant
SNP-transcript association in the regions. The BF% increasing allele
of <italic>COBLL1</italic>/<italic>GRB14</italic>-rs6738627 is associated with lower expression of
GRB14, whereas there is no evidence of association with COBLL1 expression. The
BF% increasing allele for <italic>PLA2G6</italic>/<italic>MAFF</italic>-rs3761445 is
associated with lower expression of MAFF and TMEM184B in omental and
subcutaneous fat. <italic>TUFM</italic>/<italic>SH2B1-</italic>rs4788099 is associated with the
expression of a number of genes, such as TUFM (blood), APOBR (blood), SBK1
(blood), SULT1A2 (omental and subcutaneous fat) and SH2B1 (omental fat).</p><p><italic>Epigenetic marker and functional regulatory genomic element analysis</italic>. We
examined the overlap of 746 variants in LD
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>CEU</sub>>0.70) with the 12 index SNPs
with regulatory elements in brain, blood, liver, adipose and pancreatic islets
from the ENCODE Consortium and Roadmap Epigenomic Projects (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 18</xref>). Across loci, 179
(24%) variants showed evidence of being located in a regulatory
element as defined by overlapping variants in two or more data sets from the
same tissue (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table
19</xref>). Promoter variants, located within 2 kb of a
transcription start site, overlapped with an average of 22 regulatory elements,
while more distal variants (>2 kb) overlapped with an average
of nine elements.</p><p>Two of the distal variants with the greatest amount of regulatory overlap were
rs4808844 and rs4808845 (43 and 41 elements, respectively; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 19</xref>). These variants are
located 58 bp apart in intron 1 of <italic>CRTC1</italic> and overlap evidence
of open chromatin, histone marks that are characteristic of active transcription
regulation and Pol2 binding (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Fig. 3a</xref>). We found that
rs4808844 was significantly associated (<italic>P</italic>=0.036) with Pol2
binding signal strength (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Fig. 3b</xref>). In addition, DNaseI
hypersensitivity signal in this region has been shown to negatively correlate
with <italic>CRTC1</italic> and <italic>CRLF1</italic> transcription levels across many cell
types<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b46">46</xref>. These data suggest that rs4808844 and rs4808845,
both in high LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>CEU</sub>=0.76 and
0.79, respectively) with our index SNP (rs757318), may influence the
transcription of these and/or other nearby genes.</p><p>We further characterized variants overlapping with regulatory elements at each of
the 12 loci using RegulomeDB, and two loci stood out. In the <italic>TUFM-SH2B1</italic>region, three SNPs (rs4788084, rs1074631 and rs149299) in LD
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>CEU</sub>=0.82, 0.76 and 0.75,
respectively) with rs4788099 are located in an EBF1-binding protein ChIP-seq
signal in lymphoblastoid cells. In addition, rs4788084 is located within an
EBF1-binding motif. EBF1 is involved in the thalamic axon projection into the
neocortex<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b47">47</xref> and the genetic variants around rs4788099 might
affect the regulation of EBF1 of the nearby <italic>SH2B1</italic> (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b48">48</xref>). In the <italic>PLA2G6/PICK1</italic> region, rs4384 in LD
with rs3761445 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>EUR</sub>=0.73)
overlapped with more elements (50 elements in four tissues, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 19</xref>) than any other
distal variant. This variant is located in a HEN1-binding motif with evidence of
a DNase footprint in multiple cell types (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Fig. 8</xref>). HEN1 is a
transcription factor potentially involved in the CNS development<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b49">49</xref>.</p><p><italic>Pathway, network and tissue-enrichment analysis</italic>. To test for enrichment
and define pathways and networks between the genes harboured by the 12
GW-significant loci and 31 loci with putative evidence (<italic>P</italic><1
× 10<sup>−5</sup>) of association with BF%,
we applied a number of approaches (see Methods section). Neither DEPICT
(data-driven enrichment prioritized integration for complex traits)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b50">50</xref> nor Ingenuity IPA identified pathways, tissues or networks that
were significantly enriched among the genes across the 43 loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 20–22</xref>). Also,
GRAIL (Gene Relationships Among Implicated Loci), which searches the published
literature to identify relationships between genes, and DAPPLE (Disease
Association Protein–protein Link Evaluator), which tests for
protein–protein interactions, did not identify significant connection
between any of the genes in the identified loci. Their limited power may be due
to the relatively small number of loci identified in this meta-analyses or to
limited knowledge related to adipogenesis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b51">51</xref>.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Experimental follow-up of candidate genes in <italic>Drosophila</italic></title><p>We used <italic>Drosophila</italic> as a fast and inexpensive model to help prioritize
which genes within the identified loci are the most likely candidates to
underlie the observed associations.</p><p>To gain first insights in the potential candidacy of the genes located within the
12 BF% associated loci, we performed a look-up in data from a
genome-wide transgenic RNAi screen for fat content in adult
<italic>Drosophila</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b52">52</xref>. In that screen, whole-body TG, also in
<italic>Drosophila</italic> the major lipid storage form, were used as a direct
measure of fly adiposity upon activation of a heat shock-inducible Hsp70-GAL4
system. As such, transgenic fly lines were made to test the adiposity regulating
potential of 10,489 of the ∼14,000 annotated <italic>Drosophila</italic> protein
coding genes. Of the 80 genes located within a 1 Mb-window of each of
the 12 index SNPs, 44 <italic>Drosophila</italic> orthologues were available, yet, 12 of
these 44 transgenic RNAi fly lines were too weak to be screened. Of the
remaining 32 fly lines, 15 fly lines had substantially lower (>2 s.d.
less) whole-body TG than the wild-type flies, whereas five fly lines showed
higher TG (>2 s.d. more) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 23</xref>). Next, we selected one to three candidate
genes within each of the 12 loci based on their potential role in adipocyte
metabolism. We knocked down their corresponding orthologues in <italic>Drosophila</italic>that were subsequently exposed to a high-sugar diet (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 24</xref>), as described
before<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b53">53</xref>. Both <italic>Drosophila</italic> experiments pinpoint the
<italic>SPRY2</italic> (or <italic>sty</italic>) as the potential causal gene within the locus;
that is, knockdown flies for <italic>sty</italic> have significantly lower whole-body TG
levels than wild-type flies. While the genome-wide transgenic RNAi screen
pointed towards the <italic>CRTC1</italic> gene in the <italic>CRTC1</italic> locus, we could not
confirm a role for <italic>CRTC1</italic> in the knockdown experiment.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Established loci and body fat percentage</title><p>The most recent GWAS meta-analysis for BMI, including nearly 340,000 individuals,
identified 97 loci that reached GWS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>. Each of the 97
BMI-associated SNPs showed directionally consistent association with
BF% (<italic>P</italic><sub>binomal</sub><1 ×
10<sup>−4</sup>), 71 of which also reached nominal statistical
significance (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table
25</xref>). One of the reasons for the non-significance for the remaining
loci might be insufficient power as the current final meta-analysis sample size
for BF% was only one-third of that for BMI.</p><p>Of the 12 loci previously identified through GWAS for extreme and early-onset
obesity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b12">12</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b54">54</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b55">55</xref>, 11 showed directionally consistent
association with BF% (<italic>P</italic><sub>binomal</sub><0.006), of
which five also reached nominal statistical significance (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 25</xref>).</p></sec></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Discussion</title><p>Our meta-analysis of data from more than 100,000 individuals identified 12 loci
significantly associated with BF%. While a recent GWAS including more
than 340,000 individuals reported nearly 100 loci associated with BMI, a commonly
used proxy measure for overall adiposity, four (<italic>SPRY2</italic>, <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>,
<italic>PLA2G6</italic> and <italic>CRTC1</italic>) of the 12 BF% associated loci did not
reach GWS for BMI, despite the enormous sample size<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>. This
observation most likely reflects the heterogeneity of BMI as a marker of overall
adiposity and emphasizes the increased statistical power of more precisely measured
phenotypes.</p><p>The 12 BF% associated loci divide into two distinct groups. The first
group comprises the five loci (<italic>FTO</italic>, <italic>MC4R</italic>, <italic>TMEM18</italic>, <italic>SEC16B</italic>and <italic>SH2B1</italic>) of which the association is stronger with BMI than with
BF%, suggesting that they affect both fat mass and lean mass. All five
loci have been identified and described in detail before in relation with BMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5">5</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10">10</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>. Their associations with cardiometabolic outcomes are
predictable, reflecting the phenotypic correlations with BF%; that is,
their BF% increasing alleles are associated with an unfavourable glycemic
and lipid profile and with an increased risk of T2D and CVD.</p><p>The second group, comprising the remaining seven loci (<italic>IRS1</italic>, <italic>SPRY2</italic>,
<italic>TOMM40</italic>/<italic>APOE</italic>, <italic>CRCT1</italic>, <italic>PLA2G6</italic>, <italic>IGB2BP1</italic> and
<italic>COBLL1</italic>/<italic>GRB14</italic>), all show a more pronounced effect on BF%
than on BMI, suggesting a specific effect on adiposity rather than on overall body
mass. Most notably, the association patterns with cardiometabolic traits of this
group of loci, as opposed to the first group, often do not reflect the phenotypic
correlations. For example, as we have described before, the BF%
increasing allele of the index SNP 500 kb upstream of <italic>IRS1</italic>, which
affects IRS1 expression, is associated with a favourable cardiometabolic risk
profile, including a reduced risk of T2D and CVD<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>. We showed that
this association signature, which goes against the phenotypic correlations, could be
explained by an effect on fat distribution, as the BF% increasing allele
was associated with increased subcutaneous, but not with the metabolically more
harmful visceral fat<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>. The locus between <italic>GRB14</italic> and
<italic>COBLL1</italic> shows a similar association signature. In fact, this locus was
first described for its association with a lower WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref> and reduced risk of T2D<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b30">30</xref>. Here, we show that the same allele is
associated with increased BF%, suggesting that the association with
WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> likely reflects a proportionally greater fat accumulation
at hip and thighs rather than at the waist. Although this locus requires further
experimental follow-up, current observations point towards <italic>GRB14</italic> as the
candidate gene in this locus. <italic>GRB14</italic> encodes a protein that binds directly to
the insulin receptor (IR), and the BF% increasing allele of the index SNP
is associated with reduced GRB14 expression in adipose tissue. This is consistent
with previous observations showing that Grb14/GRB14 expression is increased in
adipose tissue of insulin-resistant rodents and in obese patients with T2D<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b56">56</xref>. Furthermore, Grb14-deficient mice show improved glucose homeostasis
and enhanced insulin action through increased IR-mediated IRS1 phosphorylation in
the liver and skeletal muscle<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b57">57</xref>. The similar cross-phenotype
association signatures of the <italic>IRS1</italic> and <italic>GRB14/COBLL1</italic> loci might be a
reflection of the close interaction between IRS1 and GRB14 in the IR-signalling
pathway.</p><p>The BF% increasing allele of the <italic>PLA2G6</italic> locus is associated with
lower insulin and TG levels and reduced T2D risk, particularly in men. <italic>PLA2G6</italic>is the nearest gene and encodes a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 involved in
the hydrolysis of phospholipids. However, this locus harbours a number of other
genes that would make plausible candidates for driving the cross-phenotype
associations, including <italic>PICK1</italic>, which is membrane sculpting BAR domain
protein. PICK1-deficient mice and flies display marked growth retardation, which at
least in mice, might be due to impaired storage and secretion of growth hormone from
the pituitary and possibly insulin from the pancreas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b58">58</xref>.
PICK1-deficient mice, despite their smaller size, demonstrate increased body fat and
reduced lean mass, reduced TG levels and impaired insulin secretion, which was
compensated by increased insulin sensitivity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b58">58</xref>. Given the
locus' association with nevus count, SOX10, which encodes a member of the
SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors, is another candidate gene
in this locus. SOX genes are involved in the regulation of embryonic development and
<italic>SOX10</italic> in particular is important for the development of neural crest and
peripheral nervous system. Mutations in <italic>SOX10</italic> have been implicated in uveal
melanoma and Waardenburg syndrome, which presents with pigmentation abnormalities
and hearing loss, and Kallmann syndrome, which presents with failure to start or
complete puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (short stature, absence of
puberty and sex hormones, among others) and absence of smell<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b59">59</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b60">60</xref>.
The phenotype similarity of these syndromes and the association signature may
suggest that <italic>SOX10</italic> could be driving the associations observed for the
<italic>PLA2G6</italic> locus.</p><p>The <italic>TOMM40</italic>/<italic>APOE</italic> locus is another locus with an intriguing association
signature; while the BF% increasing allele has an unfavourable effect on
glycemic traits and T2D risk, it is associated with a favourable lipid profile and
reduced risk of CVD. The high LD in this region poses a major challenge to elucidate
whether the association with lipid traits is due to a
‘spillover' effect from nearby lipid-associated loci in
<italic>APOE</italic>. Using conditional analyses, we provide evidence suggesting that at
least the association with lower TG and high HDL-C levels might be distinct from
previously reported loci. Of interest is that the BF% increasing allele
seems to be associated with markers of increased longevity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b41">41</xref>.</p><p>The <italic>CRTC1</italic> locus is another gene-rich locus, but given the epigenetic marks in
this gene and data from animal models, <italic>CRTC1</italic> poses to be a good candidate
gene. <italic>CRTC1</italic> is primarily expressed in the brain, and it may affect leptin
anorexic effect in the hypothalamus<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b61">61</xref>. <italic>CRTC</italic> knockout mice
demonstrated hyperphagia, increased white adipose tissue and infertility<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b61">61</xref>.</p><p>Our meta-analysis was limited by the fact that participating studies all had imputed
HapMap reference panels for autosomal chromosomes and that the analysis model
assumed additive effects. Future discovery efforts based on genome-wide imputation
of 1000 Genomes reference panels, that include X- and Y-chromosomes and that also
test recessive and dominant inheritance, will allow for the discovery of more and
lower-frequency variants and for refining association signatures of already
established BF%-associated loci.</p><p>Taken together, our expanded genome-wide meta-analyses of BF% has
identified a number of loci with distinct cross-phenotype association signature
that, together with our functional follow-up analyses, facilitated the
identification of strong positional candidates. Particularly striking is that two of
the 12 loci harbour genes (<italic>IRS1</italic>, <italic>GRB14</italic>) that influence insulin
receptor signalling, and two other loci contain genes (<italic>IGF2BP1</italic>, <italic>PICK1)</italic>that are involved in the GH/IGF1 pathway, that in turn also relates to insulin
receptor signalling.</p></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Methods</title><sec disp-level="2"><title>Discovery of new loci</title><p><italic>Study design</italic>. A two-stage meta-analysis was performed to identify loci
associated with BF%. In Stage 1, we conducted two parallel
meta-analyses; one meta-analysis combined summary statistics from 43 GWAS,
totalling up to 76,137 adult individuals (65,831 European ancestry, 7,557 South
Asian ancestry, 2,333 East Asian ancestry and 416 African Americans), and the
other meta-analysis combined summary statistics from 13 additional studies
genotyped using the Metabochip, totalling up to 24,582 individuals (23,469
Europeans and 1,113 African Americans). In Stage 2, we combined the GWAS
meta-analysis results and Metabochip meta-analysis results from Stage 1 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Figs 1 and 2</xref>) in one
final meta-analysis, including 100,716 individuals from 56 studies. All the
studies were approved by their local institutional review boards and written
consent was obtained from all the study participants.</p><p>Although our primary analysis, described above, combined all the data available
to us, in the secondary analyses, we conducted stratified analyses for (1)
all-ancestry men-only, (2) all-ancestry women-only, (3) European ancestry, (4)
European ancestry men-only and (5) European ancestry women-only (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 4–6</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Figs
2–5</xref>).</p><p><italic>Phenotype</italic>. BF% in each cohort was measured either with
bioimpedance analysis (BIA) or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as
described in detail before<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13">13</xref>. For each study, BF% was
adjusted for age, age<sup>2</sup> and study-specific covariates (for
example, genotype-based principle components, study centre and others), if
necessary. For studies of unrelated individuals, the residuals were calculated
separately in men and women, and in cases and controls. For studies of
family-based design, the residuals were calculated in men and women together,
and sex was additionally adjusted in the model. The residuals were then inverse
normally transformed for association testing. For studies of family-based
design, the family relatedness was additionally adjusted in the association
testing.</p><p><italic>Sample quality control, imputation and association</italic>. Each study did the
study-specific quality control (QC) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). The GWAS common SNPs were imputed in each
study using the respective HapMap Phase II (Release 22) reference panels (EUR
for studies of European-ancestry populations, CHB+JPT for studies of
Eastern Asian ancestry populations, and
CEU+YRI+CHB+JPT for studies of Indian Asian ancestry
populations and African American populations). Individual SNPs were associated
with inverse normally transformed BF% residuals using linear
regression with an additive model. All the SNPs with low imputation scores (MACH
<italic>r</italic><sup><italic>2</italic></sup>-hat <0.3, IMPUTE proper_info
<0.4 or PLINK info <0.8) and a MAC ≤3 were removed. The
EasyQC software was used for detailed QC of study level analyses and meta-level
analysis, as described elsewhere<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b62">62</xref>.</p><p><italic>Meta-analysis</italic>. Meta-analyses were performed using inverse
variance-weighted fixed-effect method in METAL. Inflation before genomic control
(GC)-correction was generally low in all-ancestry
(<italic>λ</italic><sub>men+women</sub>=1.13;
<italic>λ</italic><sub>men</sub>=1.07;
<italic>λ</italic><sub>women</sub>=1.09) and European-only
(<italic>λ</italic><sub>men+women</sub>=1.13;
<italic>λ</italic><sub>men</sub>=1.07;
<italic>λ</italic><sub>women</sub>=1.10) analyses. To reduce the
inflation of the test statistics from potential population structure, individual
GWAS results and GWAS meta-analysis results were corrected for GC using all
SNPs. Individual Metabochip results and Metabochip meta-analysis results were
GC-corrected using 4,425 SNPs, which are derived from pruning of QT-interval
replication SNPs within 500 kb of an anthropometry replication SNP on
the Metabochip. The GC-corrected GWAS and Metabochip meta-analysis results were
finally meta-analysed (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary
Fig. 1</xref>).</p><p>Using the LD score regression method in the European-only meta-analyses suggests
that the observed inflation is not due to population substructure<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b63">63</xref>. The regression intercept, which estimates inflation after removing polygenic
signals, was 1.0045 (with <italic>λ</italic><sub>GC</sub>=1.136 and
mean <italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=1.16) for sex-combined, 0.999
(<italic>λ</italic><sub>GC</sub>=1.062 and mean
<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=1.079) for men-only and 1.014
(<italic>λ</italic><sub>GC</sub>=1.105 and mean
<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=1.112) for women-only analyses.
Using these regression intercepts, rather than the
<italic>λ</italic><sub>GC</sub>, to correct our meta-analyses, results in
more significant associations (for example, for the rs1558902-<italic>FTO</italic> SNP,
<italic>P</italic>=3.24 × 10<sup>−27</sup> in the
modified European sex-combined meta-analysis compared with
<italic>P</italic>=1.1 × 10<sup>−25</sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 6</xref>)). Overall,
however, the less stringent correction did not result in the identification of
novel loci.</p><p><italic>Identification of novel loci</italic>. Each unique locus was defined as
±500 kb on either side of the most significant SNP that
reached a GWS threshold (<italic>P</italic><5 ×
10<sup>−8</sup>) in the meta-analysis. These GWS-index SNP
loci from the primary analysis as well as from secondary analyses were
highlighted for further analyses (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables
4–6</xref>). The genotype data for the genome-wide significant SNPs was
of high quality with a median imputation score of ≥0.95 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 26</xref>). The fifth
percentile for all SNPs was ≥0.80, except for the previously established
<italic>TOMM40</italic> SNP (P5=0.52).</p><p><italic>Joint and conditional multiple SNP association analysis</italic>. We used the GCTA
approach to identify potential additional signals in regions of GWS-index SNP.
This approach uses summary meta-analysis statistics and a LD matrix from an
ancestry-matched sample to perform approximate joint and conditional SNP
association analysis. Although our primary analyses were based on all ancestry
populations, the 12 GWS-index SNPs were strongly associated with BF%
in European populations, 6 of them reaching the GWS (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>). The estimated LD
matrix based on 6,654 unrelated individuals of European ancestry in ARIC cohort
was used in the analysis.</p><p><italic>Heterogeneity among studies</italic>. The potential heterogeneity in the effect
estimates for our GWS-index SNPs were investigated between men and women in
all-ancestry populations and in European populations, and between individuals of
European ancestry and individuals of all ancestry. We also tested for
heterogeneity between results from studies that used BIA for BF%
assessment and that used DEXA. Heterogeneity was assessed using a
<italic>t</italic>-statistic,
<italic>t</italic>=(<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>−<italic>β</italic><sub>2</sub>)/(se<sub>1</sub><sup>2</sup>+se<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>−2*<italic>r</italic>*
se<sub>1</sub>*se<sub>2</sub>)<sup>½</sup> to account
for relatedness, where <italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub> and
<italic>β</italic><sub>2</sub> are the effect size estimates, se<sub>1</sub>and se<sub>2</sub> are the corresponding standard errors and <italic>r</italic> is
Spearman's correlation coefficient of beta values between men and
women or between European ancestry and all ancestry.</p><p><italic>Variance explained</italic>. The variance explained by each GWS-index SNP was
calculated using the effect allele frequency (<italic>f</italic>) and beta
(<italic>β</italic>) from the respective meta analyses using the formula<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref> of Explained variance
=2<italic>f</italic>(1−<italic>f</italic>)<italic>β</italic><sup>2</sup>.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Cross-trait association lookups</title><p><italic>Cardiometabolic consortia</italic>. To explore the relationship between
BF% and an array of cardiometabolic traits and diseases, the
association results for the 12 GWS-index SNPs were requested from seven primary
cardiometabolic genetic consortia: the LEPgen consortium (circulating leptin,
Kilpeläinen <italic>et al.</italic>, in preparation), VATGen consortium<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b27">27</xref>, GIANT (BMI, height and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b20">20</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b26">26</xref>, GLGC (HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, TC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b28">28</xref>,
MAGIC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b29">29</xref>, DIAGRAM (T2D)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b30">30</xref> and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D
(CAD)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b31">31</xref>. On the basis of known correlations among these
cardiometabolic traits, we considered circulating leptin levels, abdominal
adipose tissue storage, height, WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, plasma lipid levels,
plasma glycemic traits, T2D and CAD as eight independent trait groups. In
addition, the associations for these 12 SNPs were also looked up in four
consortia that examined phenotypes more distantly related to BF%:
ADIPOGen (BMI-adjusted adiponectin)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b64">64</xref>, ReproGen (age at
menarche)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b24">24</xref>, liver enzyme meta-analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b65">65</xref> and
CRP meta-analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b38">38</xref>. For certain GWAS-index SNPs, we also did
specific lookups: rs6857 association in liver fat storage, rs3761445
associations in cutaneous nevi and melanoma risk meta-analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b42">42</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b43">43</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b44">44</xref>, early growth genetics (birth weight<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b32">32</xref>and pubertal height<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">33</xref>), insulin-like growth factor 1
meta-analysis (Teumer <italic>et al.</italic> under review) and CHARGE testosterone
meta-analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b66">66</xref>, and rs9906944 associations in tooth
development meta-analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b35">35</xref> and Early Growth Genetics Consortium
(birth weight<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b32">32</xref> and pubertal height<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">33</xref>).</p><p><italic>NHGRI GWAS catalogue lookups</italic>. We manually curated and searched the
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) GWAS Catalogue ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies">www.genome.gov/gwastudies</ext-link>)
for previously reported associations for SNPs within 500 kb and
<italic>r</italic><sup><italic>2</italic></sup>>0.7 (1000 Genomes Pilot1 EUR
population based on SNAP: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/snap/ldsearch.php">http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/snap/ldsearch.php</ext-link>) with each of
the 12 GWS-index SNPs. All previously reported associations that reached
<italic>P</italic><5 × 10<sup>−8</sup> were retained
(<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 11</xref>).</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Coding variants and CNVs</title><p>To determine whether any of our 12 GWS-index SNPs might be tagging potentially
functional variants, we identified all variants within 500 kb and in
LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.7, HapMap release 22/1000 Genomes Pilot1
EUR) with our GWS-index SNPs. As such, we identified 776 variants and annotated
each of them using Annovar ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.openbioinformatics.org/annovar/">http://www.openbioinformatics.org/annovar/</ext-link>). The predicted
functional impacts for coding variants were accessed via the Exome Variant
Server ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/">http://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/</ext-link>) for PhastCon, Grantham, GERP
and PolyPhen, and were also from SIFT ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://sift.jcvi.org/">http://sift.jcvi.org/</ext-link>). To determine whether any of the 12
GWS-index SNPs tagged (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.7) CNVs, all genetic
variants (SNV, Indel and SVS) within a 1 Mb window of the index SNPs
from the 1000 Genomes Project EUR population (Phase 1) were downloaded. The LD
indexes were calculated between each of the 12 GWS-index SNPs and any nearby CNV
variants.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Analyses of eQTLs</title><p>The <italic>cis</italic>-associations between 12 GWS-index SNPs and expression of nearby
genes (±500 kb of the index-SNP) were examined in the
whole blood (<italic>n</italic>=2,360) from the eQTL meta-analysis study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b67">67</xref>, the abdominal fat tissue (<italic>n</italic>=742 for omental
fat and <italic>n</italic>=610 for subcutaneous fat) from the bariatric surgery
study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b68">68</xref>, the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue
(<italic>n</italic>=54) and gluteal subcutaneous fat tissue
(<italic>n</italic>=65) from the MolOBB study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b69">69</xref>, and the brain
tissue from the cortical brain study (<italic>n</italic>=193; ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b70">70</xref>). Conditional analyses were conducted by including
both GWS-index SNP and the most significant <italic>cis</italic>-associated SNP for the
given transcript in the model to examine whether observed associations were
driven by our GWS-index SNP or by other nearby variants. Conditional analyses
were conducted for all tissues except the brain tissue.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Regulatory annotation using ENCODE and Roadmap</title><p><italic>Regulatory element overlap</italic>. We identified variants in LD
(<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.7, 1000 Genomes Project Pilot, EUR) with
each of the 12 GWS-index SNPs and tested for overlap between these variants and
elements from regulatory datasets. In total, 746 variants at the 12 GWS-index
loci were examined for overlap with regulatory elements in 181 data sets (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Tables 18 and 19</xref>)
from five tissues (blood, brain, liver, adipose tissue and pancreatic islets).
These data sets, downloaded from the ENCODE Consortium and Roadmap Epigenomics
Projects, identify regions of open chromatin (DNase-seq, FAIRE-seq), histone
modification signal enrichment (H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K9ac and H3K4me2),
and transcription factor binding in cell lines and tissues believed to influence
BF%. When available, we downloaded data processed as a part of the
ENCODE Integrative Analysis. Roadmap Epigenomics sequencing data were processed
with MACS2 and the same irreproducible discovery rate pipeline used in the
ENCODE Integrative analysis when multiple data sets were available, or MACS2
alone when only a single replicate was available.</p><p><italic>Pol2 binding</italic>. We tested for correlation between Pol2 binding strength and
genotype in lymphoblastoid cell lines at two SNPs, rs4808844 and rs4808845 that
are in LD with GWS-index SNP of rs757318 in <italic>CRTC1</italic>. Pol2 binding data
uniformly processed as part of the ENCODE Integrative analysis were download for
10 lymphoblastoid cell lines (GM10847, GM12878, GM12891, GM12892, GM15510,
GM18505, GM18526, GM18951, GM19099, GM19193). We examined the alleles present at
these variants in Pol2 ChIP-seq alignment BAM files to determine sample
genotypes and compared these with genotypes generated by the 1000 Genomes
Project for the same samples. For the eight samples also genotyped by the 1000
Genomes Project, genotype calls were 100% concordant. Correlation
between genotype and Pol2 binding signal at each SNP was calculated in R using a
linear model (signal∼genotype).</p><p><italic>RegulomeDB annotation</italic>. We further characterized the variants at selected
loci using the web-based tool RegulomeDB ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://regulomedb.org/">http://regulomedb.org/</ext-link>). The reference sequence identifiers of
variants that overlap two or more regulatory elements in the same tissue were
used to conduct the RegulomeDB search.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title>Pathway, network and tissue-enrichment analysis</title><p>To define pathways, networks and tissue enrichment, we extended the list of
genome-wide significant loci to also include loci that showed putative
(<italic>P</italic><1 × 10<sup>−5</sup>) association with
BF% (using the same criteria described above to define independent
loci). As such loci, represented by 43 index SNPs, were considered for gene
prioritization, pathway enrichment (DEPICT, Ingenuity Pathway Analyses), gene
relationship analysis (GRAIL) and protein–protein interaction analyses
(DAPPLE).</p><p><italic>Data-driven enrichment prioritized integration for complex traits</italic>. Details
of this method are provided in Pers <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b50">50</xref> DEPICT is
designed to systematically identify the most likely causal gene at a given
locus, to test gene sets for enrichment for genetic associations, and to
identify tissues and cell types in which genes from associated loci are highly
expressed.</p><p>DEPICT assigned genes to the 43 associated loci if the genes resided within the
associated LD region (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.5) of a given associated
SNP. After merging overlapping regions and discarding regions that mapped within
the extended major histocompatibility complex locus, we were left with 42
non-overlapping regions that covered a total of 82 genes. We then used DEPICT to
test enrichment at these loci for a total of 14,461 reconstituted gene sets, and
for 209 tissue and cell type annotations.</p><p><italic>Ingenuity pathway analyses</italic>. We used HaploReg v2 ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/mammals/haploreg/haploreg.php">http://www.broadinstitute.org/mammals/haploreg/haploreg.php</ext-link>) and
adopted a stringent LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.8 in 1000 Genome phase
1 EUR) to extract all the nearby genes (88 genes in total) of the index SNPs
based on both GENCODE and RefSeq. For 65 out of them, they were successfully
mapped to the Ingenuity Knowledge Base, and those unmapped genes are mainly
lincRNA, miRNA, antisense or processed transcript genes derived from GENCODE.
The 65 genes were incorporated into Ingenuity Canonical pathway enrichment
analysis. The <italic>P</italic> values are calculated based on Fisher's
right-tailed exact test. The default settings were used for Ingenuity
Interaction network analysis.</p><p><italic>Gene relationships among implicated loci</italic>. The GRAIL was used to examine
relationships between genes. For each query and seed SNP, we adopted the default
methods implemented in GRAIL to extract the genes around each index SNP: that
is, (1) we first identified neighboring SNPs in the 3′ and
5′ direction in LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.5, CEU HapMap),
proceeding outwards in each direction to the nearest recombination hotspots to
define an interval region, and extracted all the genes in this interval; (2) if
there are no genes in that interval region, the interval is extended an
additional 250 kb in either direction. The 12 GWS-index SNP regions
were input as seed regions, and the regions for the remaining 31 SNPs were input
as query regions. Connections between genes were inferred from textual
relationships based on published scientific text using PubMed abstracts as of
December 2006. The significant gene similarity was declared based on
<italic>P</italic><sub>GRAIL</sub><0.01.</p><p><italic>Disease association protein–protein link evaluator</italic>. The DAPPLE
package was used to examine the potential encoded protein–protein
interaction evidence for the genes located in the 43 associated loci. Genes from
32 of the 43 loci were annotated in the high-confidence pair-wise interaction
InWeb database. Both the direct and indirect interactions were considered. The
running settings were 1,000 permutation, common interactor binding degree
=2, and 110 kb upstream and 40 kb downstream to
define a gene' residence.</p></sec><sec disp-level="2"><title><italic>Drosophila</italic> knockdown experiments</title><p><italic>Genome-wide screen</italic>. We first identified all genes within
±500 kb of the 12 GWS-index SNPs, and subsequently
identified the corresponding <italic>Drosophila</italic> orthologues available in the
ensembl orthologue database ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ensembl.org">www.ensembl.org</ext-link>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 23</xref>). <italic>Drosophila</italic> triglyceride content
values were mined from a publicly available genome-wide obesity screen data
set<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b52">52</xref>. Estimated values represent fractional changes in
triglyceride content in adult male flies. Data are from male progeny resulting
from crosses of male UAS-RNAi flies from the VDRC and Hsp70-GAL4; Tub-GAL8ts
virgins females. Two-to-five-day-old males were sorted into groups of 20 and
subjected to two 1-h wet heatshocks 4 days apart. On the seventh day, flies were
picked in groups of eight, manually crushed and sonicated, and the lysates
heat-inactivated for 10 min in a thermocycler at
95 °C. Centrifuge-cleared supernatants were then used for
triglyceride (GPO Trinder, Sigma) and protein (Pierce) determination.
Triglyceride values from these adult-induced ubiquitous RNAi knockdown
individuals were normalized to those obtained in parallel from non-heatshocked
progeny from the very same crosses.</p><p><italic>Targeted follow-up</italic>. Based on known biology, one to three potential
candidate genes within ±500 kb of the 12 GWS-index SNPs
were selected. Corresponding <italic>Drosophila</italic> orthologues were available for 11
loci, but no orthologue exists for <italic>FTO</italic> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 24</xref>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.flyrnai.org/cgi-bin/DRSC_orthologs.pl">http://www.flyrnai.org/cgi-bin/DRSC_orthologs.pl</ext-link>). The respective
fly RNAi stocks for each <italic>Drosophila</italic> orthologue were acquired from the
Vienna <italic>Drosophila</italic> Resource Center, as well as genetic background controls
w1118 (for GD lines, VDRC #60000); tub-gal4/TM6 and w; tub-gal80ts/TM6
is available from the Bloomington <italic>Drosophila</italic> Stock Center. For fly
triglyceride assay in the adult, male RNAi flies were crossed with w; tub-gal4
tub-gal80ts/TM6 virgins. Progenies were kept in 16 °C until
enclosure. Adults were transferred to 25 °C for 2 weeks.
Whole-animal triglycerides were measured as previously described<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b53">53</xref>. Briefly, triglycerides were measured using the Infinity Triglycerides
Reagent kit (Thermo Fisher #TR22321) on whole-animal homogenates of
groups of three animals. Proteins from the same homogenates were measured using
the Pierce BCA protein Assay kit (Thermo Scientific #23227).
Triglycerides were normalized by proteins. Data were average of three
experiments. The fractional changes in triglyceride content in adult male flies
between knockdown group and the control groups were compared using the
two-tailed <italic>t</italic>-tests in SAS version 9.2 software (SAS Institute, Cary,
NC).</p></sec></sec><sec disp-level="1"><title>Additional information</title><p><bold>How to cite this article:</bold> Lu, Y. <italic>et al.</italic> New loci for body fat
percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk. <italic>Nat.
Commun.</italic> 7:10495 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10495 (2016).</p></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="S1"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material id="d33e18" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>Supplementary Information</title><p>Supplementary Figures 1-8, Supplementary Tables 1-26 and Supplementary Notes 1-3.</p></caption><media xlink:href="ncomms10495-s1.pdf"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack><p>A full list of acknowledgements can be found in the <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Notes</xref>. This work was supported by
the following: Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation; Academy of Finland; Agency for
Health Care Policy Research; Ahokas Foundation; ALFEDIAM; ALK-Abelloó A/S
(Hørsholm, Denmark); Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament); ANR
(‘Agence Nationale de la 359 Recherche'); American Heart
Association; Ardix Medical; Arthritis Research UK; Association Diabète
Risque Vasculaire, the Fédération Française de
Cardiologie; AstraZeneca; Australian Research Council; Bayer Diagnostics; BBSRC;
Becton Dickinson; BMBF (DEEP); Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation; Boston University
School of Medicine; British Heart Foundation; British Skin Foundation; Canadian
Institutes of Health Research; Cancer Research UK; Cardionics; Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health; Chief Scientist
Office of the Scottish Government; Cohortes Santé TGIR; CMSB; CPER
(‘Contrat de Projets État-Région'); Danish
Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Danish Council for Independent
Research; Danish Medical Research Council; Department of Health, UK; Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft; Deutshe Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB992); DHFD (Diabetes
Hilfs- und Forschungsfonds Deutschland); Diabetes UK; Dutch Dairy Association (NZO);
Dutch Kidney Foundation; Dutch Inter University Cardiology Institute Netherlands
(ICIN); Emil Aaltonen Foundation; ENGAGE consortium; Food Standards Agency, UK;
Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus University; Estonian Government; European
Commission; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme; European
Research Council; European Research Council (ERC-StG-281641); European Union
framework program 6 EUROSPAN project; European Union; European Union (EU_FP7_NoE
‘Epigenesys'); Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne;
Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Federal Ministry of Education and
Research (German Obesity Biomaterial Bank); Finnish Cardiovascular Research
Foundation; Finnish Centre for Pensions; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Finnish
Diabetes Research Foundation; Finnish Diabetes Research Society; Finnish Foundation
for Cardiovascular Research; Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research; Finnish
Special Governmental Subsidy for Health Sciences; Finska
Läkaresällskapet; Folkhälsan Research Foundation; German
Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology; German Diabetes Association; German
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung
und Forschung, BMBF); German Research Council; GlaxoSmithKline; Göran
Gustafsson Foundation; Health and Safety Executive, UK; Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental Health;
Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association); Illinois Department of Public Health;
INSERM (Réseaux en Santé Publique, Interactions entre les
déterminants de la santé); Integrated Research and Treatment
Centre (IFB); Juho Vainio Foundation; John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation
Research Networks; John W. Barton Sr Chair in Genetics and Nutrition; Kompetenznetz
Adipositas; King's College London; Knut och Alice Wallenberg Foundation;
Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospital Medical Funds; Kuopio University
Hospital; La Fondation de France; Li Ka Shing Foundation; Liv och Hälsa;
Local Government Pensions Institution (KEVA);
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Lundbeck Foundation; Lundberg Foundation;
Max-Planck Institute; Medical Research Council, UK; MEKOS Laboratories Denmark;
Merck Santé; Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, The Netherlands;
Ministry of Cultural Affairs and Social Ministry of the Federal State of
Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and
Innovation, The Netherlands; Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, The
Netherlands; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia;
MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (MRC CAiTE);
MRC-GlaxoSmithKline; MRC Human Genetics Unit; Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC
Health); Municipality of Rotterdam; National Center for Advancing Translational
Sciences, CTSI; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); National Genome
Research Institute, Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention; National Heart
Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Heart, Lung and Blood
Institute's Framingham Heart Study; National Institute for Health and
Welfare (THL); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); National Institute of
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); National Institutes of
Health; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Institute of
Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease Diabetes Research Center (DRC); National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); National Institute on Aging
(NIA); Netherlands Consortium Healthy Ageing (NCHA); Netherlands Genomics Initiative
(NGI); Netherlands Heart Foundation; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific
Research (NWO); Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development
(ZonMw); Novo Nordisk; Novo Nordisk Foundation; ONIVINS; Orion-Farmos Research
Foundation; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Pierre Fabre; Research Centre for Prevention and
Health, the Capital Region of Denmark; Research Institute for Diseases in the
Elderly (RIDE); Research into Ageing, UK; Roche; Royal Swedish Academy of Science;
Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Sanger Institute; Samfundet
Folkhälsan; SFD (‘Société Francophone du
358 Diabète'); Siemens Healthcare; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg
Foundation; Sigrid Jusélius Foundation; Social Insurance Institution of
Finland (KELA); State of Bavaria; Stroke Association, UK; Swedish Diabetes
Foundation; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Swedish Heart-Lung
Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council for Infrastructures;
Swiss National Science Foundation; Sylvia & Charles Viertel Charitable
Foundation; Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bangs
Foundation; Topcon; Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg's Foundation;
Translational Genomics Research Institute; Unilever UK; University Cancer Research
Fund at UNC Chapel Hill; University of Eastern Finland; University of Maryland
General Clinical Research Center; Uppsala University; Uppsala University Hospital;
USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; VA Clinical Science Research and
Development; Velux Foundation; VU University Medical Center; Wageningen University;
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Genet.</source><volume>39</volume>, <fpage>1494</fpage>–<lpage>1499</lpage> (<year>2007</year>).<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17982457</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p> R.E. received honoraria for lectures from the following companies (within
the past 2 years): MSD Sharp&Dohme and Pfizer. J.M.J. disclosed Trinity
Partners, Inc., Osteoarthritis Research Society International, Chronic
Osteoarthritis Management Initiative of US Bone and Joint Initiative, Samumed,
Interleukin Genetics, Inc. and Algynomics, Inc. K.S. is a full-time employee of
GlaxoSmithKline. D.S. received honoraria for lectures from the following companies
(within the past 2 years): MSD Sharp&Dohme. E.S.-T. received honoraria for
lectures, research grants and consultancy fees from the following companies (within
the past 2 years): Aegerion, Fresenius, MSD Sharp&Dohme, Pfizer and Sanofi.
Peter Vollenweider received an unrestricted grant from GSK to build the CoLaus
study.</p></fn><fn><p><bold>Author contributions</bold> R.J.F.L. oversaw all aspects of this study and chaired the writing group that
consisted of Y.L., F.R.D., S.G., M.L.B., J.N., K.L.M., M.C.Z., J.A.P., C.L. and
T.O.K.. Data cleaning and preparations were performed by F.R.D., S.G., R.J.F.L.,
Y.L. and R.W.W.; and meta-analyses were performed by F.R.D., S.G. and Y.L. A full
list of author contributions can be found in the <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Notes</xref>.</p></fn></fn-group></back><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Regional plots of the four newly identified loci that reached genome-wide
significant association with body fat percentage.</title><p>Regional plots of the four newly identified loci that reached genome-wide
significant association with body fat percentage in all-ancestry analyses,
in men and women combined for the <italic>COBLL1/GRB14</italic> and <italic>IGF2BP1</italic>loci (<bold>a</bold>,<bold>b</bold>), and separately for the <italic>CRTC1</italic> and
<italic>PLA2G6</italic> (<bold>c</bold>,<bold>d</bold>). Each symbol represents the
significance (<italic>P</italic> value on a −log10 scale) of a SNP with
BF% as a function of the SNP's genomic position (NCBI
Build 36). For each locus, the index SNP is represented in the purple
colour. The colour of all other SNPs indicates LD with the index SNP
(estimated by CEU <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> from the HapMap Project data
Phase II CEU). Recombination rates are also estimated from International
HapMap Project data, and gene annotations are obtained from the UCSC Genome
Browser. GWAS catalogues SNPs with <italic>P</italic> value <5 ×
10<sup>−8</sup> are shown in the middle panel. Different
shapes denote the different categories of the SNPs: up-triangle for
framestop or splice SNPs, down-triangle for nonsynonymous SNPs, square for
coding or untranslated region (UTR) SNPs; star for SNPs in tfbscons region,
square filled with ‘X' symbol for SNPs located in
mcs44placental region and circle for SNPs with no annotation
information.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10495-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Comparison of effects of the 12 loci on body fat percentage (<italic>x</italic> axis)
and on BMI (<italic>y</italic> axis).</title><p>Both outcomes (BMI and BF%) were inverse normally transformed
(mean 0, s.d. 1) such that effects sizes are at the same scales and directly
comparable. Effect sizes for BMI were obtained from Locke <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>. The allele effects for the <italic>PLA2G6</italic> (square) and
<italic>CRTC1</italic> (round) loci were derived, respectively, from the men- and
women-based meta-analyses. Six loci had first been identified for BMI
(blue), whereas six others were first identified for BF%
(green).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10495-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Genotype influences Pol2 binding at rs4808844.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) UCSC Genome browser track (hg19) of chromosome 16 displaying Pol2
binding signal in 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), grouped by genotype
and correlations between DNaseI hypersensitivity and nearby gene
transcription. (<bold>b</bold>) Binding signals from Pol2 ChIP-seq from 10 LCLs,
grouped by genotype.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10495-f3"></graphic></fig><table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Loci reaching genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5 ×
10<sup>−8</sup>) for body fat percentage in all ancestry
analyses, sorted according to significance in the overall analysis.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10495-t1"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Cross-phenotype associations: associations signatures of 12 established body
fat percentage loci for anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits through
look-ups in large-scale genetics consortia.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10495-t2"></graphic></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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