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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study</title><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Thomas W" sort="Winkler, Thomas W" uniqKey="Winkler T" first="Thomas W." last="Winkler">Thomas W. Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E." last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graff, Mariaelisa" sort="Graff, Mariaelisa" uniqKey="Graff M" first="Mariaelisa" last="Graff">Mariaelisa Graff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barata, Llilda" sort="Barata, Llilda" uniqKey="Barata L" first="Llilda" last="Barata">Llilda Barata</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Su" sort="Chu, Su" uniqKey="Chu S" first="Su" last="Chu">Su Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czajkowski, Jacek" sort="Czajkowski, Jacek" uniqKey="Czajkowski J" first="Jacek" last="Czajkowski">Jacek Czajkowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" sort="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" uniqKey="Kilpel Inen T" first="Tuomas O." last="Kilpel Inen">Tuomas O. Kilpel Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yingchang" sort="Lu, Yingchang" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yingchang" last="Lu">Yingchang Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pers, Tune H" sort="Pers, Tune H" uniqKey="Pers T" first="Tune H." last="Pers">Tune H. Pers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff016"><addr-line>Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rueger, Sina" sort="Rueger, Sina" uniqKey="Rueger S" first="Sina" last="Rüeger">Sina Rüeger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B." last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff022"><addr-line>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heard Costa, Nancy L" sort="Heard Costa, Nancy L" uniqKey="Heard Costa N" first="Nancy L." last="Heard-Costa">Nancy L. Heard-Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff023"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, Juha" sort="Karjalainen, Juha" uniqKey="Karjalainen J" first="Juha" last="Karjalainen">Juha Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagou, Vasiliki" sort="Lagou, Vasiliki" uniqKey="Lagou V" first="Vasiliki" last="Lagou">Vasiliki Lagou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neinast, Michael D" sort="Neinast, Michael D" uniqKey="Neinast M" first="Michael D." last="Neinast">Michael D. Neinast</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simino, Jeannette" sort="Simino, Jeannette" uniqKey="Simino J" first="Jeannette" last="Simino">Jeannette Simino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teslovich, Tanya M" sort="Teslovich, Tanya M" uniqKey="Teslovich T" first="Tanya M." last="Teslovich">Tanya M. Teslovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Rick" sort="Jansen, Rick" uniqKey="Jansen R" first="Rick" last="Jansen">Rick Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westra, Harm Jan" sort="Westra, Harm Jan" uniqKey="Westra H" first="Harm-Jan" last="Westra">Harm-Jan Westra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Charles C" sort="White, Charles C" uniqKey="White C" first="Charles C." last="White">Charles C. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Absher, Devin" sort="Absher, Devin" uniqKey="Absher D" first="Devin" last="Absher">Devin Absher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" sort="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" uniqKey="Ahluwalia T" first="Tarunveer S." last="Ahluwalia">Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Shafqat" sort="Ahmad, Shafqat" uniqKey="Ahmad S" first="Shafqat" last="Ahmad">Shafqat Ahmad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrecht, Eva" sort="Albrecht, Eva" uniqKey="Albrecht E" first="Eva" last="Albrecht">Eva Albrecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, Alexessander Couto" sort="Alves, Alexessander Couto" uniqKey="Alves A" first="Alexessander Couto" last="Alves">Alexessander Couto Alves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Craen, Anton J M" sort="De Craen, Anton J M" uniqKey="De Craen A" first="Anton J. M." last="De Craen">Anton J. M. De Craen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff042"><addr-line>Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bis, Joshua C" sort="Bis, Joshua C" uniqKey="Bis J" first="Joshua C." last="Bis">Joshua C. Bis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff044"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Gabrielle" sort="Boucher, Gabrielle" uniqKey="Boucher G" first="Gabrielle" last="Boucher">Gabrielle Boucher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cadby, Gemma" sort="Cadby, Gemma" uniqKey="Cadby G" first="Gemma" last="Cadby">Gemma Cadby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Yu Ching" sort="Cheng, Yu Ching" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Yu-Ching" last="Cheng">Yu-Ching Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff051"><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiang, Charleston W K" sort="Chiang, Charleston W K" uniqKey="Chiang C" first="Charleston W. K." last="Chiang">Charleston W. K. Chiang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado, Graciela" sort="Delgado, Graciela" uniqKey="Delgado G" first="Graciela" last="Delgado">Graciela Delgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dueker, Nicole" sort="Dueker, Nicole" uniqKey="Dueker N" first="Nicole" last="Dueker">Nicole Dueker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff055"><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eklund, Niina" sort="Eklund, Niina" uniqKey="Eklund N" first="Niina" last="Eklund">Niina Eklund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" sort="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" uniqKey="Eiriksdottir G" first="Gudny" last="Eiriksdottir">Gudny Eiriksdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Joel" sort="Eriksson, Joel" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Joel" last="Eriksson">Joel Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feenstra, Bjarke" sort="Feenstra, Bjarke" uniqKey="Feenstra B" first="Bjarke" last="Feenstra">Bjarke Feenstra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frau, Francesca" sort="Frau, Francesca" uniqKey="Frau F" first="Francesca" last="Frau">Francesca Frau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Filarete Foundation, Genomic and Bioinformatics Unit, Milano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galesloot, Tessel E" sort="Galesloot, Tessel E" uniqKey="Galesloot T" first="Tessel E." last="Galesloot">Tessel E. Galesloot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geller, Frank" sort="Geller, Frank" uniqKey="Geller F" first="Frank" last="Geller">Frank Geller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorski, Mathias" sort="Gorski, Mathias" uniqKey="Gorski M" first="Mathias" last="Gorski">Mathias Gorski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grammer, Tanja B" sort="Grammer, Tanja B" uniqKey="Grammer T" first="Tanja B." last="Grammer">Tanja B. Grammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haitjema, Saskia" sort="Haitjema, Saskia" uniqKey="Haitjema S" first="Saskia" last="Haitjema">Saskia Haitjema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke-Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke-Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huffman, Jennifer E" sort="Huffman, Jennifer E" uniqKey="Huffman J" first="Jennifer E." last="Huffman">Jennifer E. Huffman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Kevin B" sort="Jacobs, Kevin B" uniqKey="Jacobs K" first="Kevin B." last="Jacobs">Kevin B. Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E." last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahti, Jari" sort="Lahti, Jari" uniqKey="Lahti J" first="Jari" last="Lahti">Jari Lahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff075"><addr-line>Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Irene Mateo" sort="Leach, Irene Mateo" uniqKey="Leach I" first="Irene Mateo" last="Leach">Irene Mateo Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehne, Benjamin" sort="Lehne, Benjamin" uniqKey="Lehne B" first="Benjamin" last="Lehne">Benjamin Lehne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Youfang" sort="Liu, Youfang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Youfang" last="Liu">Youfang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Ken Sin" sort="Lo, Ken Sin" uniqKey="Lo K" first="Ken Sin" last="Lo">Ken Sin Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorentzon, Mattias" sort="Lorentzon, Mattias" uniqKey="Lorentzon M" first="Mattias" last="Lorentzon">Mattias Lorentzon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madden, Pamela A F" sort="Madden, Pamela A F" uniqKey="Madden P" first="Pamela A. F." last="Madden">Pamela A. F. Madden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcknight, Barbara" sort="Mcknight, Barbara" uniqKey="Mcknight B" first="Barbara" last="Mcknight">Barbara Mcknight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff081"><addr-line>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Gomez, Carolina" sort="Medina Gomez, Carolina" uniqKey="Medina Gomez C" first="Carolina" last="Medina-Gomez">Carolina Medina-Gomez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monda, Keri L" sort="Monda, Keri L" uniqKey="Monda K" first="Keri L." last="Monda">Keri L. Monda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>The Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montasser, May E" sort="Montasser, May E" uniqKey="Montasser M" first="May E." last="Montasser">May E. Montasser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Gabriele" sort="Muller, Gabriele" uniqKey="Muller G" first="Gabriele" last="Müller">Gabriele Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff088"><addr-line>Center for Evidence Based Healthcare, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff090"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M." last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope" sort="Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope" uniqKey="Panoutsopoulou K" first="Kalliope" last="Panoutsopoulou">Kalliope Panoutsopoulou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Laura" sort="Pascoe, Laura" uniqKey="Pascoe L" first="Laura" last="Pascoe">Laura Pascoe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff094"><addr-line>Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paternoster, Lavinia" sort="Paternoster, Lavinia" uniqKey="Paternoster L" first="Lavinia" last="Paternoster">Lavinia Paternoster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff095"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W." last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renstrom, Frida" sort="Renstrom, Frida" uniqKey="Renstrom F" first="Frida" last="Renström">Frida Renström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzi, Federica" sort="Rizzi, Federica" uniqKey="Rizzi F" first="Federica" last="Rizzi">Federica Rizzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Filarete Foundation, Genomic and Bioinformatics Unit, Milano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M." last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Kathy A" sort="Ryan, Kathy A" uniqKey="Ryan K" first="Kathy A." last="Ryan">Kathy A. Ryan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salo, Perttu" sort="Salo, Perttu" uniqKey="Salo P" first="Perttu" last="Salo">Perttu Salo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharnagl, Hubert" sort="Scharnagl, Hubert" uniqKey="Scharnagl H" first="Hubert" last="Scharnagl">Hubert Scharnagl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff098"><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Jianxin" sort="Shi, Jianxin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jianxin" last="Shi">Jianxin Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff099"><addr-line>National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert Vernon" sort="Smith, Albert Vernon" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert Vernon" last="Smith">Albert Vernon Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Southam, Lorraine" sort="Southam, Lorraine" uniqKey="Southam L" first="Lorraine" last="Southam">Lorraine Southam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stan Kova, Alena" sort="Stan Kova, Alena" uniqKey="Stan Kova A" first="Alena" last="Stan Ková">Alena Stan Ková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" sort="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" uniqKey="Steinthorsdottir V" first="Valgerdur" last="Steinthorsdottir">Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J." last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Yun Ju" sort="Sung, Yun Ju" uniqKey="Sung Y" first="Yun Ju" last="Sung">Yun Ju Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tachmazidou, Ioanna" sort="Tachmazidou, Ioanna" uniqKey="Tachmazidou I" first="Ioanna" last="Tachmazidou">Ioanna Tachmazidou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff042"><addr-line>Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pervjakova, Natalia" sort="Pervjakova, Natalia" uniqKey="Pervjakova N" first="Natalia" last="Pervjakova">Natalia Pervjakova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><addr-line>Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><addr-line>University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyrer, Jonathan P" sort="Tyrer, Jonathan P" uniqKey="Tyrer J" first="Jonathan P." last="Tyrer">Jonathan P. Tyrer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenput, Liesbeth" sort="Vandenput, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Vandenput L" first="Liesbeth" last="Vandenput">Liesbeth Vandenput</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Laan, Sander W" sort="Van Der Laan, Sander W" uniqKey="Van Der Laan S" first="Sander W" last="Van Der Laan">Sander W. Van Der Laan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" sort="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" uniqKey="Van Der Velde N" first="Nathalie" last="Van Der Velde">Nathalie Van Der Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Setten, Jessica" sort="Van Setten, Jessica" uniqKey="Van Setten J" first="Jessica" last="Van Setten">Jessica Van Setten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" sort="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" uniqKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk J" first="Jana V." last="Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk">Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Endocrinology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vlachopoulou, Efthymia" sort="Vlachopoulou, Efthymia" uniqKey="Vlachopoulou E" first="Efthymia" last="Vlachopoulou">Efthymia Vlachopoulou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><addr-line>Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waite, Lindsay L" sort="Waite, Lindsay L" uniqKey="Waite L" first="Lindsay L." last="Waite">Lindsay L. Waite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Sophie R" sort="Wang, Sophie R" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Sophie R." last="Wang">Sophie R. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><addr-line>Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Boston's Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H." last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><addr-line>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willenborg, Christina" sort="Willenborg, Christina" uniqKey="Willenborg C" first="Christina" last="Willenborg">Christina Willenborg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><addr-line>Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Jian" sort="Yang, Jian" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jian" last="Yang">Jian Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><addr-line>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yerges Armstrong, Laura M" sort="Yerges Armstrong, Laura M" uniqKey="Yerges Armstrong L" first="Laura M." last="Yerges-Armstrong">Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Lei" sort="Yu, Lei" uniqKey="Yu L" first="Lei" last="Yu">Lei Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andersson, Ehm A" sort="Andersson, Ehm A" uniqKey="Andersson E" first="Ehm A." last="Andersson">Ehm A. Andersson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan J L" sort="Bakker, Stephan J L" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan J. L." last="Bakker">Stephan J. L. Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baldassarre, Damiano" sort="Baldassarre, Damiano" uniqKey="Baldassarre D" first="Damiano" last="Baldassarre">Damiano Baldassarre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banasik, Karina" sort="Banasik, Karina" uniqKey="Banasik K" first="Karina" last="Banasik">Karina Banasik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barcella, Matteo" sort="Barcella, Matteo" uniqKey="Barcella M" first="Matteo" last="Barcella">Matteo Barcella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barlassina, Cristina" sort="Barlassina, Cristina" uniqKey="Barlassina C" first="Cristina" last="Barlassina">Cristina Barlassina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><addr-line>Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benaglio, Paola" sort="Benaglio, Paola" uniqKey="Benaglio P" first="Paola" last="Benaglio">Paola Benaglio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bluher, Matthias" sort="Bluher, Matthias" uniqKey="Bluher M" first="Matthias" last="Blüher">Matthias Blüher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, Fabrice" sort="Bonnet, Fabrice" uniqKey="Bonnet F" first="Fabrice" last="Bonnet">Fabrice Bonnet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><addr-line>University Rennes 1, Rennes, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L." last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Heather A" sort="Boyd, Heather A" uniqKey="Boyd H" first="Heather A." last="Boyd">Heather A. Boyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinenberg, Marcel" sort="Bruinenberg, Marcel" uniqKey="Bruinenberg M" first="Marcel" last="Bruinenberg">Marcel Bruinenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The LifeLines Cohort Study, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchman, Aron S" sort="Buchman, Aron S" uniqKey="Buchman A" first="Aron S" last="Buchman">Aron S. Buchman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><addr-line>Los Angeles BioMedical Resesarch Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S." last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Claudi Boehm, Simone" sort="Claudi Boehm, Simone" uniqKey="Claudi Boehm S" first="Simone" last="Claudi-Boehm">Simone Claudi-Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, John" sort="Cole, John" uniqKey="Cole J" first="John" last="Cole">John Cole</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S." last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco J C" sort="De Geus, Eco J C" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco J. C." last="De Geus">Eco J. C. De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><addr-line>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" sort="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" uniqKey="De Groot L" first="Lisette C. P. G. M." last="De Groot">Lisette C. P. G. M. De Groot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><addr-line>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><addr-line>Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duan, Jubao" sort="Duan, Jubao" uniqKey="Duan J" first="Jubao" last="Duan">Jubao Duan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enroth, Stefan" sort="Enroth, Stefan" uniqKey="Enroth S" first="Stefan" last="Enroth">Stefan Enroth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eury, Elodie" sort="Eury, Elodie" uniqKey="Eury E" first="Elodie" last="Eury">Elodie Eury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farmaki, Aliki Eleni" sort="Farmaki, Aliki Eleni" uniqKey="Farmaki A" first="Aliki-Eleni" last="Farmaki">Aliki-Eleni Farmaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G." last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedrich, Nele" sort="Friedrich, Nele" uniqKey="Friedrich N" first="Nele" last="Friedrich">Nele Friedrich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gejman, Pablo V" sort="Gejman, Pablo V" uniqKey="Gejman P" first="Pablo V." last="Gejman">Pablo V. Gejman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gigante, Bruna" sort="Gigante, Bruna" uniqKey="Gigante B" first="Bruna" last="Gigante">Bruna Gigante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glorioso, Nicola" sort="Glorioso, Nicola" uniqKey="Glorioso N" first="Nicola" last="Glorioso">Nicola Glorioso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><addr-line>Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU-University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Go, Alan S" sort="Go, Alan S" uniqKey="Go A" first="Alan S." last="Go">Alan S. Go</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><addr-line>Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gottesman, Omri" sort="Gottesman, Omri" uniqKey="Gottesman O" first="Omri" last="Gottesman">Omri Gottesman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><addr-line>The Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gr Ler, Jurgen" sort="Gr Ler, Jurgen" uniqKey="Gr Ler J" first="Jürgen" last="Gr Ler">Jürgen Gr Ler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, Pathobiochemistry, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Yu Mei" sort="Gu, Yu Mei" uniqKey="Gu Y" first="Yu-Mei" last="Gu">Yu-Mei Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broer, Linda" sort="Broer, Linda" uniqKey="Broer L" first="Linda" last="Broer">Linda Broer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ham, Annelies C" sort="Ham, Annelies C" uniqKey="Ham A" first="Annelies C." last="Ham">Annelies C. Ham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><addr-line>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><addr-line>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Catharina A" sort="Hartman, Catharina A" uniqKey="Hartman C" first="Catharina A." last="Hartman">Catharina A. Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassinen, Maija" sort="Hassinen, Maija" uniqKey="Hassinen M" first="Maija" last="Hassinen">Maija Hassinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas" sort="Hastie, Nicholas" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas" last="Hastie">Nicholas Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hattersley, Andrew T" sort="Hattersley, Andrew T" uniqKey="Hattersley A" first="Andrew T." last="Hattersley">Andrew T. Hattersley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><addr-line>Institue of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Andrew C" sort="Heath, Andrew C" uniqKey="Heath A" first="Andrew C." last="Heath">Andrew C. Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henders, Anjali K" sort="Henders, Anjali K" uniqKey="Henders A" first="Anjali K." last="Henders">Anjali K. Henders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>QIMR Bergofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><addr-line>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillege, Hans" sort="Hillege, Hans" uniqKey="Hillege H" first="Hans" last="Hillege">Hans Hillege</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmen, Oddgeir" sort="Holmen, Oddgeir" uniqKey="Holmen O" first="Oddgeir" last="Holmen">Oddgeir Holmen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, Kees G" sort="Hovingh, Kees G" uniqKey="Hovingh K" first="Kees G" last="Hovingh">Kees G. Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><addr-line>Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><addr-line>Pathwest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia,Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Husemoen, Lise L" sort="Husemoen, Lise L" uniqKey="Husemoen L" first="Lise L." last="Husemoen">Lise L. Husemoen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutri K Honen, Nina" sort="Hutri K Honen, Nina" uniqKey="Hutri K Honen N" first="Nina" last="Hutri-K Hönen">Nina Hutri-K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hysi, Pirro G" sort="Hysi, Pirro G" uniqKey="Hysi P" first="Pirro G." last="Hysi">Pirro G. Hysi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><addr-line>Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><addr-line>Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jager, Philip L" sort="De Jager, Philip L" uniqKey="De Jager P" first="Philip L." last="De Jager">Philip L. De Jager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><addr-line>Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jalilzadeh, Shapour" sort="Jalilzadeh, Shapour" uniqKey="Jalilzadeh S" first="Shapour" last="Jalilzadeh">Shapour Jalilzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Torben" sort="J Rgensen, Torben" uniqKey="J Rgensen T" first="Torben" last="J Rgensen">Torben J Rgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J. Wouter" last="Jukema">J. Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><addr-line>Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juonala, Markus" sort="Juonala, Markus" uniqKey="Juonala M" first="Markus" last="Juonala">Markus Juonala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><addr-line>Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><addr-line>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karaleftheri, Maria" sort="Karaleftheri, Maria" uniqKey="Karaleftheri M" first="Maria" last="Karaleftheri">Maria Karaleftheri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><addr-line>Echinos Medical Centre, Echinos, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay Tee" last="Khaw">Kay Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><addr-line>Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinnunen, Leena" sort="Kinnunen, Leena" uniqKey="Kinnunen L" first="Leena" last="Kinnunen">Leena Kinnunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kittner, Steven J" sort="Kittner, Steven J" uniqKey="Kittner S" first="Steven J." last="Kittner">Steven J. Kittner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koenig, Wolfgang" sort="Koenig, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Koenig W" first="Wolfgang" last="Koenig">Wolfgang Koenig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine II—Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolcic, Ivana" sort="Kolcic, Ivana" uniqKey="Kolcic I" first="Ivana" last="Kolcic">Ivana Kolcic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krarup, Nikolaj T" sort="Krarup, Nikolaj T" uniqKey="Krarup N" first="Nikolaj T." last="Krarup">Nikolaj T. Krarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kratzer, Wolfgang" sort="Kratzer, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Kratzer W" first="Wolfgang" last="Kratzer">Wolfgang Kratzer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kruger, Janine" sort="Kruger, Janine" uniqKey="Kruger J" first="Janine" last="Krüger">Janine Krüger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><addr-line>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyriakou, Theodosios" sort="Kyriakou, Theodosios" uniqKey="Kyriakou T" first="Theodosios" last="Kyriakou">Theodosios Kyriakou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lannfelt, Lars" sort="Lannfelt, Lars" uniqKey="Lannfelt L" first="Lars" last="Lannfelt">Lars Lannfelt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanzani, Chiara" sort="Lanzani, Chiara" uniqKey="Lanzani C" first="Chiara" last="Lanzani">Chiara Lanzani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><addr-line>Chair of Nephrology, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Segrate (Milan), Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><addr-line>Genomics of Renal Disease and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Segrate (Milan), Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lotay, Vaneet" sort="Lotay, Vaneet" uniqKey="Lotay V" first="Vaneet" last="Lotay">Vaneet Lotay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launer, Lenore J" sort="Launer, Lenore J" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lenore J." last="Launer">Lenore J. Launer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leander, Karin" sort="Leander, Karin" uniqKey="Leander K" first="Karin" last="Leander">Karin Leander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yan Ping" sort="Liu, Yan Ping" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yan-Ping" last="Liu">Yan-Ping Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobbens, Stephane" sort="Lobbens, Stephane" uniqKey="Lobbens S" first="Stéphane" last="Lobbens">Stéphane Lobbens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luben, Robert" sort="Luben, Robert" uniqKey="Luben R" first="Robert" last="Luben">Robert Luben</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><addr-line>Strangeways Research Laboratory Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><addr-line>Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K." last="Magnusson">Patrik K. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L." last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merger, Sigrun" sort="Merger, Sigrun" uniqKey="Merger S" first="Sigrun" last="Merger">Sigrun Merger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milani, Lili" sort="Milani, Lili" uniqKey="Milani L" first="Lili" last="Milani">Lili Milani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>QIMR Bergofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P." last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelis, Mari" sort="Nelis, Mari" uniqKey="Nelis M" first="Mari" last="Nelis">Mari Nelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><addr-line>Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><addr-line>Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pichler, Irene" sort="Pichler, Irene" uniqKey="Pichler I" first="Irene" last="Pichler">Irene Pichler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilia, Maria G" sort="Pilia, Maria G" uniqKey="Pilia M" first="Maria G." last="Pilia">Maria G. Pilia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><addr-line>Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff206"><addr-line>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rheinberger, Myriam" sort="Rheinberger, Myriam" uniqKey="Rheinberger M" first="Myriam" last="Rheinberger">Myriam Rheinberger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ribel Madsen, Rasmus" sort="Ribel Madsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Ribel Madsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Ribel-Madsen">Rasmus Ribel-Madsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Marcus" sort="Richards, Marcus" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Marcus" last="Richards">Marcus Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Kenneth M" sort="Rice, Kenneth M" uniqKey="Rice K" first="Kenneth M." last="Rice">Kenneth M. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Treva K" sort="Rice, Treva K" uniqKey="Rice T" first="Treva K." last="Rice">Treva K. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivolta, Carlo" sort="Rivolta, Carlo" uniqKey="Rivolta C" first="Carlo" last="Rivolta">Carlo Rivolta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, Alan R" sort="Sanders, Alan R" uniqKey="Sanders A" first="Alan R." last="Sanders">Alan R. Sanders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A." last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholtens, Salome" sort="Scholtens, Salome" uniqKey="Scholtens S" first="Salome" last="Scholtens">Salome Scholtens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, William R" sort="Scott, William R" uniqKey="Scott W" first="William R." last="Scott">William R. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sebert, Sylvain" sort="Sebert, Sylvain" uniqKey="Sebert S" first="Sylvain" last="Sebert">Sylvain Sebert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sengupta, Sebanti" sort="Sengupta, Sebanti" uniqKey="Sengupta S" first="Sebanti" last="Sengupta">Sebanti Sengupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sennblad, Bengt" sort="Sennblad, Bengt" uniqKey="Sennblad B" first="Bengt" last="Sennblad">Bengt Sennblad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff209"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seufferlein, Thomas" sort="Seufferlein, Thomas" uniqKey="Seufferlein T" first="Thomas" last="Seufferlein">Thomas Seufferlein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silveira, Angela" sort="Silveira, Angela" uniqKey="Silveira A" first="Angela" last="Silveira">Angela Silveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slagboom, P Eline" sort="Slagboom, P Eline" uniqKey="Slagboom P" first="P. Eline" last="Slagboom">P. Eline Slagboom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff210"><addr-line>Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Jan H" sort="Smit, Jan H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Jan H." last="Smit">Jan H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spars, Thomas H" sort="Spars, Thomas H" uniqKey="Spars T" first="Thomas H." last="Spars">Thomas H. Spars</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Ronald P" sort="Stolk, Ronald P" uniqKey="Stolk R" first="Ronald P." last="Stolk">Ronald P. Stolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M." last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swertz, Morris A" sort="Swertz, Morris A" uniqKey="Swertz M" first="Morris A" last="Swertz">Morris A. Swertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy J" sort="Swift, Amy J" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy J." last="Swift">Amy J. Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Sian Tsung" sort="Tan, Sian Tsung" uniqKey="Tan S" first="Sian-Tsung" last="Tan">Sian-Tsung Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorand, Barbara" sort="Thorand, Barbara" uniqKey="Thorand B" first="Barbara" last="Thorand">Barbara Thorand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Angelo" sort="Tremblay, Angelo" uniqKey="Tremblay A" first="Angelo" last="Tremblay">Angelo Tremblay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsafantakis, Emmanouil" sort="Tsafantakis, Emmanouil" uniqKey="Tsafantakis E" first="Emmanouil" last="Tsafantakis">Emmanouil Tsafantakis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff213"><addr-line>Anogia Medical Centre, Anogia, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Most, Peter J" sort="Van Der Most, Peter J" uniqKey="Van Der Most P" first="Peter J." last="Van Der Most">Peter J. Van Der Most</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff215"><addr-line>School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Québec,Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vonk, Judith M" sort="Vonk, Judith M" uniqKey="Vonk J" first="Judith M." last="Vonk">Judith M. Vonk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waldenberger, Melanie" sort="Waldenberger, Melanie" uniqKey="Waldenberger M" first="Melanie" last="Waldenberger">Melanie Waldenberger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Ryan W" sort="Walker, Ryan W" uniqKey="Walker R" first="Ryan W." last="Walker">Ryan W. Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wennauer, Roman" sort="Wennauer, Roman" uniqKey="Wennauer R" first="Roman" last="Wennauer">Roman Wennauer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff216"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widen, Elisabeth" sort="Widen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Widen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Widén">Elisabeth Widén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsgaard, Tom" sort="Wilsgaard, Tom" uniqKey="Wilsgaard T" first="Tom" last="Wilsgaard">Tom Wilsgaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><addr-line>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F." last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M. Carola" last="Zillikens">M. Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Suzanne C" sort="Van Dijk, Suzanne C" uniqKey="Van Dijk S" first="Suzanne C." last="Van Dijk">Suzanne C. Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schoor, Natasja M" sort="Van Schoor, Natasja M" uniqKey="Van Schoor N" first="Natasja M." last="Van Schoor">Natasja M. Van Schoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><addr-line>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff219"><addr-line>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asselbergs, Folkert W" sort="Asselbergs, Folkert W" uniqKey="Asselbergs F" first="Folkert W." last="Asselbergs">Folkert W. Asselbergs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bakker, Paul I W" sort="De Bakker, Paul I W" uniqKey="De Bakker P" first="Paul I. W." last="De Bakker">Paul I. W. De Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff223"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John" sort="Beilby, John" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John" last="Beilby">John Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><addr-line>Pathwest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia,Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, David A" sort="Bennett, David A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="David A." last="Bennett">David A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N." last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff224"><addr-line>Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boger, Carsten A" sort="Boger, Carsten A" uniqKey="Boger C" first="Carsten A." last="Böger">Carsten A. Böger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O." last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff225"><addr-line>Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><addr-line>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff227"><addr-line>Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff228"><addr-line>Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R." last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottinger, Erwin P" sort="Bottinger, Erwin P" uniqKey="Bottinger E" first="Erwin P." last="Bottinger">Erwin P. Bottinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><addr-line>The Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J." last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff081"><addr-line>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I." last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cucca, Francesco" sort="Cucca, Francesco" uniqKey="Cucca F" first="Francesco" last="Cucca">Francesco Cucca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><addr-line>University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cusi, Daniele" sort="Cusi, Daniele" uniqKey="Cusi D" first="Daniele" last="Cusi">Daniele Cusi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff232"><addr-line>Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Institute of Research, Segrate-Milano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George" sort="Dedoussis, George" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George" last="Dedoussis">George Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdmann, Jeanette" sort="Erdmann, Jeanette" uniqKey="Erdmann J" first="Jeanette" last="Erdmann">Jeanette Erdmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><addr-line>Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><addr-line>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Denis A" sort="Evans, Denis A" uniqKey="Evans D" first="Denis A." last="Evans">Denis A. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff234"><addr-line>Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff235"><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff236"><addr-line>Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W." last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><addr-line>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gansevoort, Ron T" sort="Gansevoort, Ron T" uniqKey="Gansevoort R" first="Ron T." last="Gansevoort">Ron T. Gansevoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gronberg, Henrik" sort="Gronberg, Henrik" uniqKey="Gronberg H" first="Henrik" last="Grönberg">Henrik Grönberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Per" sort="Hall, Per" uniqKey="Hall P" first="Per" last="Hall">Per Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff239"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heliovaara, Markku" sort="Heliovaara, Markku" uniqKey="Heliovaara M" first="Markku" last="Heliövaara">Markku Heliövaara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hengstenberg, Christian" sort="Hengstenberg, Christian" uniqKey="Hengstenberg C" first="Christian" last="Hengstenberg">Christian Hengstenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><addr-line>Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Frank" sort="Hu, Frank" uniqKey="Hu F" first="Frank" last="Hu">Frank Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huikuri, Heikki V" sort="Huikuri, Heikki V" uniqKey="Huikuri H" first="Heikki V." last="Huikuri">Heikki V. Huikuri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><addr-line>Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L." last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff243"><addr-line>Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Joanne M" sort="Jordan, Joanne M" uniqKey="Jordan J" first="Joanne M." last="Jordan">Joanne M. Jordan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff244"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff245"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kajantie, Eero" sort="Kajantie, Eero" uniqKey="Kajantie E" first="Eero" last="Kajantie">Eero Kajantie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff246"><addr-line>Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kathiresan, Sekar" sort="Kathiresan, Sekar" uniqKey="Kathiresan S" first="Sekar" last="Kathiresan">Sekar Kathiresan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff247"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff248"><addr-line>Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M" sort="Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M" uniqKey="Kiemeney L" first="Lambertus A. L. M." last="Kiemeney">Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knekt, Paul B" sort="Knekt, Paul B" uniqKey="Knekt P" first="Paul B." last="Knekt">Paul B. Knekt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koistinen, Heikki A" sort="Koistinen, Heikki A" uniqKey="Koistinen H" first="Heikki A." last="Koistinen">Heikki A. Koistinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><addr-line>University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff252"><addr-line>Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maerz, Winfried" sort="Maerz, Winfried" uniqKey="Maerz W" first="Winfried" last="Maerz">Winfried Maerz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff098"><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G" last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>QIMR Bergofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A." last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff253"><addr-line>Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff254"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff255"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lettre, Guillaume" sort="Lettre, Guillaume" uniqKey="Lettre G" first="Guillaume" last="Lettre">Guillaume Lettre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levinson, Douglas F" sort="Levinson, Douglas F" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Douglas F." last="Levinson">Douglas F. Levinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff257"><addr-line>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lokki, Marja Liisa" sort="Lokki, Marja Liisa" uniqKey="Lokki M" first="Marja-Liisa" last="Lokki">Marja-Liisa Lokki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><addr-line>Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Ntyselk, Pekka" sort="M Ntyselk, Pekka" uniqKey="M Ntyselk P" first="Pekka" last="M Ntyselk">Pekka M Ntyselk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff258"><addr-line>Primary Health Care Unit, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff259"><addr-line>Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melbye, Mads" sort="Melbye, Mads" uniqKey="Melbye M" first="Mads" last="Melbye">Mads Melbye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Braxton D" sort="Mitchell, Braxton D" uniqKey="Mitchell B" first="Braxton D." last="Mitchell">Braxton D. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff051"><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff261"><addr-line>Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moll, Frans L" sort="Moll, Frans L" uniqKey="Moll F" first="Frans L." last="Moll">Frans L. Moll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff262"><addr-line>Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Jeffrey C" sort="Murray, Jeffrey C" uniqKey="Murray J" first="Jeffrey C." last="Murray">Jeffrey C. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff263"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, Arthur W" sort="Musk, Arthur W" uniqKey="Musk A" first="Arthur W." last="Musk">Arthur W. Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><addr-line>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieminen, Markku S" sort="Nieminen, Markku S" uniqKey="Nieminen M" first="Markku S." last="Nieminen">Markku S. Nieminen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><addr-line>HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nj Lstad, Inger" sort="Nj Lstad, Inger" uniqKey="Nj Lstad I" first="Inger" last="Nj Lstad">Inger Nj Lstad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><addr-line>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J." last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff266"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A." last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J" last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff267"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff268"><addr-line>Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankow, James S" sort="Pankow, James S" uniqKey="Pankow J" first="James S." last="Pankow">James S. Pankow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff269"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasterkamp, Gerard" sort="Pasterkamp, Gerard" uniqKey="Pasterkamp G" first="Gerard" last="Pasterkamp">Gerard Pasterkamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W." last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polašek">Ozren Polašek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P." last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M." last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff044"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff271"><addr-line>Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff272"><addr-line>Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seatte, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quertermous, Thomas" sort="Quertermous, Thomas" uniqKey="Quertermous T" first="Thomas" last="Quertermous">Thomas Quertermous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff273"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff274"><addr-line>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff275"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M." last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rioux, John D" sort="Rioux, John D" uniqKey="Rioux J" first="John D." last="Rioux">John D. Rioux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I." last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><addr-line>Los Angeles BioMedical Resesarch Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Ruijter, Hester M" sort="Den Ruijter, Hester M" uniqKey="Den Ruijter H" first="Hester M." last="Den Ruijter">Hester M. Den Ruijter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saltevo, Juha" sort="Saltevo, Juha" uniqKey="Saltevo J" first="Juha" last="Saltevo">Juha Saltevo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sattar, Naveed" sort="Sattar, Naveed" uniqKey="Sattar N" first="Naveed" last="Sattar">Naveed Sattar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff277"><addr-line>BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schunkert, Heribert" sort="Schunkert, Heribert" uniqKey="Schunkert H" first="Heribert" last="Schunkert">Heribert Schunkert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><addr-line>Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter E H" sort="Schwarz, Peter E H" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter E. H." last="Schwarz">Peter E. H. Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff278"><addr-line>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinisalo, Juha" sort="Sinisalo, Juha" uniqKey="Sinisalo J" first="Juha" last="Sinisalo">Juha Sinisalo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><addr-line>HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff279"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff280"><addr-line>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Staessen, Jan A" sort="Staessen, Jan A" uniqKey="Staessen J" first="Jan A." last="Staessen">Jan A. Staessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff281"><addr-line>R & D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefania, Bandinelli" sort="Stefania, Bandinelli" uniqKey="Stefania B" first="Bandinelli" last="Stefania">Bandinelli Stefania</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff282"><addr-line>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tardif, Jean Claude" sort="Tardif, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Tardif J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Tardif">Jean-Claude Tardif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremoli, Elena" sort="Tremoli, Elena" uniqKey="Tremoli E" first="Elena" last="Tremoli">Elena Tremoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff284"><addr-line>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff285"><addr-line>Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><addr-line>Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff287"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff288"><addr-line>Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verbeek, Andre L M" sort="Verbeek, Andre L M" uniqKey="Verbeek A" first="André L. M." last="Verbeek">André L. M. Verbeek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Sita H" sort="Vermeulen, Sita H" uniqKey="Vermeulen S" first="Sita H." last="Vermeulen">Sita H. Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff289"><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viikari, Jorma S" sort="Viikari, Jorma S" uniqKey="Viikari J" first="Jorma S." last="Viikari">Jorma S. Viikari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff291"><addr-line>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wallaschofski, Henri" sort="Wallaschofski, Henri" uniqKey="Wallaschofski H" first="Henri" last="Wallaschofski">Henri Wallaschofski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeggini, Eleftheria" sort="Zeggini, Eleftheria" uniqKey="Zeggini E" first="Eleftheria" last="Zeggini">Eleftheria Zeggini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff022"><addr-line>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clegg, Deborah J" sort="Clegg, Deborah J" uniqKey="Clegg D" first="Deborah J." last="Clegg">Deborah J. Clegg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon Larsen, Penny" sort="Gordon Larsen, Penny" uniqKey="Gordon Larsen P" first="Penny" last="Gordon-Larsen">Penny Gordon-Larsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff298"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff299"><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaquish, Cashell E" sort="Jaquish, Cashell E" uniqKey="Jaquish C" first="Cashell E." last="Jaquish">Cashell E. Jaquish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff300"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, D C" sort="Rao, D C" uniqKey="Rao D" first="D. C." last="Rao">D. C. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R." last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assimes, Themistocles L" sort="Assimes, Themistocles L" uniqKey="Assimes T" first="Themistocles L." last="Assimes">Themistocles L. Assimes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff301"><addr-line>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff302"><addr-line>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I." last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff303"><addr-line>Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S." last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif C" sort="Groop, Leif C" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif C." last="Groop">Leif C. Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><addr-line>Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff304"><addr-line>Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff305"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff306"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Robert C" sort="Kaplan, Robert C" uniqKey="Kaplan R" first="Robert C." last="Kaplan">Robert C. Kaplan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff307"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff308"><addr-line>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff309"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Connell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Connell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O'Connell">Jeffrey R. O'Connell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlessinger, David" sort="Schlessinger, David" uniqKey="Schlessinger D" first="David" last="Schlessinger">David Schlessinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff310"><addr-line>Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff311"><addr-line>Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M." last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><addr-line>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutalik, Zoltan" sort="Kutalik, Zoltan" uniqKey="Kutalik Z" first="Zoltán" last="Kutalik">Zoltán Kutalik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff313"><addr-line>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff314"><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26426971</idno><idno type="pmc">4591371</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591371</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4591371</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000583</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000583</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study</title><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Thomas W" sort="Winkler, Thomas W" uniqKey="Winkler T" first="Thomas W." last="Winkler">Thomas W. Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E." last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graff, Mariaelisa" sort="Graff, Mariaelisa" uniqKey="Graff M" first="Mariaelisa" last="Graff">Mariaelisa Graff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barata, Llilda" sort="Barata, Llilda" uniqKey="Barata L" first="Llilda" last="Barata">Llilda Barata</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Su" sort="Chu, Su" uniqKey="Chu S" first="Su" last="Chu">Su Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czajkowski, Jacek" sort="Czajkowski, Jacek" uniqKey="Czajkowski J" first="Jacek" last="Czajkowski">Jacek Czajkowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" sort="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" uniqKey="Kilpel Inen T" first="Tuomas O." last="Kilpel Inen">Tuomas O. Kilpel Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yingchang" sort="Lu, Yingchang" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yingchang" last="Lu">Yingchang Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pers, Tune H" sort="Pers, Tune H" uniqKey="Pers T" first="Tune H." last="Pers">Tune H. Pers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff016"><addr-line>Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rueger, Sina" sort="Rueger, Sina" uniqKey="Rueger S" first="Sina" last="Rüeger">Sina Rüeger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B." last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff022"><addr-line>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heard Costa, Nancy L" sort="Heard Costa, Nancy L" uniqKey="Heard Costa N" first="Nancy L." last="Heard-Costa">Nancy L. Heard-Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff023"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, Juha" sort="Karjalainen, Juha" uniqKey="Karjalainen J" first="Juha" last="Karjalainen">Juha Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagou, Vasiliki" sort="Lagou, Vasiliki" uniqKey="Lagou V" first="Vasiliki" last="Lagou">Vasiliki Lagou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neinast, Michael D" sort="Neinast, Michael D" uniqKey="Neinast M" first="Michael D." last="Neinast">Michael D. Neinast</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simino, Jeannette" sort="Simino, Jeannette" uniqKey="Simino J" first="Jeannette" last="Simino">Jeannette Simino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teslovich, Tanya M" sort="Teslovich, Tanya M" uniqKey="Teslovich T" first="Tanya M." last="Teslovich">Tanya M. Teslovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Rick" sort="Jansen, Rick" uniqKey="Jansen R" first="Rick" last="Jansen">Rick Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westra, Harm Jan" sort="Westra, Harm Jan" uniqKey="Westra H" first="Harm-Jan" last="Westra">Harm-Jan Westra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Charles C" sort="White, Charles C" uniqKey="White C" first="Charles C." last="White">Charles C. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Absher, Devin" sort="Absher, Devin" uniqKey="Absher D" first="Devin" last="Absher">Devin Absher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" sort="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" uniqKey="Ahluwalia T" first="Tarunveer S." last="Ahluwalia">Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Shafqat" sort="Ahmad, Shafqat" uniqKey="Ahmad S" first="Shafqat" last="Ahmad">Shafqat Ahmad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrecht, Eva" sort="Albrecht, Eva" uniqKey="Albrecht E" first="Eva" last="Albrecht">Eva Albrecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, Alexessander Couto" sort="Alves, Alexessander Couto" uniqKey="Alves A" first="Alexessander Couto" last="Alves">Alexessander Couto Alves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Craen, Anton J M" sort="De Craen, Anton J M" uniqKey="De Craen A" first="Anton J. M." last="De Craen">Anton J. M. De Craen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff042"><addr-line>Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bis, Joshua C" sort="Bis, Joshua C" uniqKey="Bis J" first="Joshua C." last="Bis">Joshua C. Bis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff044"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Gabrielle" sort="Boucher, Gabrielle" uniqKey="Boucher G" first="Gabrielle" last="Boucher">Gabrielle Boucher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cadby, Gemma" sort="Cadby, Gemma" uniqKey="Cadby G" first="Gemma" last="Cadby">Gemma Cadby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Yu Ching" sort="Cheng, Yu Ching" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Yu-Ching" last="Cheng">Yu-Ching Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff051"><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiang, Charleston W K" sort="Chiang, Charleston W K" uniqKey="Chiang C" first="Charleston W. K." last="Chiang">Charleston W. K. Chiang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado, Graciela" sort="Delgado, Graciela" uniqKey="Delgado G" first="Graciela" last="Delgado">Graciela Delgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dueker, Nicole" sort="Dueker, Nicole" uniqKey="Dueker N" first="Nicole" last="Dueker">Nicole Dueker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff055"><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eklund, Niina" sort="Eklund, Niina" uniqKey="Eklund N" first="Niina" last="Eklund">Niina Eklund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" sort="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" uniqKey="Eiriksdottir G" first="Gudny" last="Eiriksdottir">Gudny Eiriksdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Joel" sort="Eriksson, Joel" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Joel" last="Eriksson">Joel Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feenstra, Bjarke" sort="Feenstra, Bjarke" uniqKey="Feenstra B" first="Bjarke" last="Feenstra">Bjarke Feenstra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frau, Francesca" sort="Frau, Francesca" uniqKey="Frau F" first="Francesca" last="Frau">Francesca Frau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Filarete Foundation, Genomic and Bioinformatics Unit, Milano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galesloot, Tessel E" sort="Galesloot, Tessel E" uniqKey="Galesloot T" first="Tessel E." last="Galesloot">Tessel E. Galesloot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geller, Frank" sort="Geller, Frank" uniqKey="Geller F" first="Frank" last="Geller">Frank Geller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorski, Mathias" sort="Gorski, Mathias" uniqKey="Gorski M" first="Mathias" last="Gorski">Mathias Gorski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grammer, Tanja B" sort="Grammer, Tanja B" uniqKey="Grammer T" first="Tanja B." last="Grammer">Tanja B. Grammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haitjema, Saskia" sort="Haitjema, Saskia" uniqKey="Haitjema S" first="Saskia" last="Haitjema">Saskia Haitjema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke-Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke-Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huffman, Jennifer E" sort="Huffman, Jennifer E" uniqKey="Huffman J" first="Jennifer E." last="Huffman">Jennifer E. Huffman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Kevin B" sort="Jacobs, Kevin B" uniqKey="Jacobs K" first="Kevin B." last="Jacobs">Kevin B. Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E." last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahti, Jari" sort="Lahti, Jari" uniqKey="Lahti J" first="Jari" last="Lahti">Jari Lahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff075"><addr-line>Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Irene Mateo" sort="Leach, Irene Mateo" uniqKey="Leach I" first="Irene Mateo" last="Leach">Irene Mateo Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehne, Benjamin" sort="Lehne, Benjamin" uniqKey="Lehne B" first="Benjamin" last="Lehne">Benjamin Lehne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Youfang" sort="Liu, Youfang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Youfang" last="Liu">Youfang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Ken Sin" sort="Lo, Ken Sin" uniqKey="Lo K" first="Ken Sin" last="Lo">Ken Sin Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorentzon, Mattias" sort="Lorentzon, Mattias" uniqKey="Lorentzon M" first="Mattias" last="Lorentzon">Mattias Lorentzon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madden, Pamela A F" sort="Madden, Pamela A F" uniqKey="Madden P" first="Pamela A. F." last="Madden">Pamela A. F. Madden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcknight, Barbara" sort="Mcknight, Barbara" uniqKey="Mcknight B" first="Barbara" last="Mcknight">Barbara Mcknight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff081"><addr-line>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Gomez, Carolina" sort="Medina Gomez, Carolina" uniqKey="Medina Gomez C" first="Carolina" last="Medina-Gomez">Carolina Medina-Gomez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monda, Keri L" sort="Monda, Keri L" uniqKey="Monda K" first="Keri L." last="Monda">Keri L. Monda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>The Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montasser, May E" sort="Montasser, May E" uniqKey="Montasser M" first="May E." last="Montasser">May E. Montasser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Gabriele" sort="Muller, Gabriele" uniqKey="Muller G" first="Gabriele" last="Müller">Gabriele Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff088"><addr-line>Center for Evidence Based Healthcare, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff090"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M." last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope" sort="Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope" uniqKey="Panoutsopoulou K" first="Kalliope" last="Panoutsopoulou">Kalliope Panoutsopoulou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Laura" sort="Pascoe, Laura" uniqKey="Pascoe L" first="Laura" last="Pascoe">Laura Pascoe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff094"><addr-line>Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paternoster, Lavinia" sort="Paternoster, Lavinia" uniqKey="Paternoster L" first="Lavinia" last="Paternoster">Lavinia Paternoster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff095"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W." last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renstrom, Frida" sort="Renstrom, Frida" uniqKey="Renstrom F" first="Frida" last="Renström">Frida Renström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzi, Federica" sort="Rizzi, Federica" uniqKey="Rizzi F" first="Federica" last="Rizzi">Federica Rizzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Filarete Foundation, Genomic and Bioinformatics Unit, Milano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M." last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Kathy A" sort="Ryan, Kathy A" uniqKey="Ryan K" first="Kathy A." last="Ryan">Kathy A. Ryan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salo, Perttu" sort="Salo, Perttu" uniqKey="Salo P" first="Perttu" last="Salo">Perttu Salo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharnagl, Hubert" sort="Scharnagl, Hubert" uniqKey="Scharnagl H" first="Hubert" last="Scharnagl">Hubert Scharnagl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff098"><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Jianxin" sort="Shi, Jianxin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jianxin" last="Shi">Jianxin Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff099"><addr-line>National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert Vernon" sort="Smith, Albert Vernon" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert Vernon" last="Smith">Albert Vernon Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Southam, Lorraine" sort="Southam, Lorraine" uniqKey="Southam L" first="Lorraine" last="Southam">Lorraine Southam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stan Kova, Alena" sort="Stan Kova, Alena" uniqKey="Stan Kova A" first="Alena" last="Stan Ková">Alena Stan Ková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" sort="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" uniqKey="Steinthorsdottir V" first="Valgerdur" last="Steinthorsdottir">Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J." last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Yun Ju" sort="Sung, Yun Ju" uniqKey="Sung Y" first="Yun Ju" last="Sung">Yun Ju Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tachmazidou, Ioanna" sort="Tachmazidou, Ioanna" uniqKey="Tachmazidou I" first="Ioanna" last="Tachmazidou">Ioanna Tachmazidou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff042"><addr-line>Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pervjakova, Natalia" sort="Pervjakova, Natalia" uniqKey="Pervjakova N" first="Natalia" last="Pervjakova">Natalia Pervjakova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><addr-line>Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><addr-line>University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyrer, Jonathan P" sort="Tyrer, Jonathan P" uniqKey="Tyrer J" first="Jonathan P." last="Tyrer">Jonathan P. Tyrer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenput, Liesbeth" sort="Vandenput, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Vandenput L" first="Liesbeth" last="Vandenput">Liesbeth Vandenput</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Laan, Sander W" sort="Van Der Laan, Sander W" uniqKey="Van Der Laan S" first="Sander W" last="Van Der Laan">Sander W. Van Der Laan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" sort="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" uniqKey="Van Der Velde N" first="Nathalie" last="Van Der Velde">Nathalie Van Der Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Setten, Jessica" sort="Van Setten, Jessica" uniqKey="Van Setten J" first="Jessica" last="Van Setten">Jessica Van Setten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" sort="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" uniqKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk J" first="Jana V." last="Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk">Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Endocrinology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vlachopoulou, Efthymia" sort="Vlachopoulou, Efthymia" uniqKey="Vlachopoulou E" first="Efthymia" last="Vlachopoulou">Efthymia Vlachopoulou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><addr-line>Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waite, Lindsay L" sort="Waite, Lindsay L" uniqKey="Waite L" first="Lindsay L." last="Waite">Lindsay L. Waite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Sophie R" sort="Wang, Sophie R" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Sophie R." last="Wang">Sophie R. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><addr-line>Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Boston's Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H." last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><addr-line>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willenborg, Christina" sort="Willenborg, Christina" uniqKey="Willenborg C" first="Christina" last="Willenborg">Christina Willenborg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><addr-line>Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Jian" sort="Yang, Jian" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jian" last="Yang">Jian Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><addr-line>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yerges Armstrong, Laura M" sort="Yerges Armstrong, Laura M" uniqKey="Yerges Armstrong L" first="Laura M." last="Yerges-Armstrong">Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Lei" sort="Yu, Lei" uniqKey="Yu L" first="Lei" last="Yu">Lei Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andersson, Ehm A" sort="Andersson, Ehm A" uniqKey="Andersson E" first="Ehm A." last="Andersson">Ehm A. Andersson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan J L" sort="Bakker, Stephan J L" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan J. L." last="Bakker">Stephan J. L. Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baldassarre, Damiano" sort="Baldassarre, Damiano" uniqKey="Baldassarre D" first="Damiano" last="Baldassarre">Damiano Baldassarre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banasik, Karina" sort="Banasik, Karina" uniqKey="Banasik K" first="Karina" last="Banasik">Karina Banasik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barcella, Matteo" sort="Barcella, Matteo" uniqKey="Barcella M" first="Matteo" last="Barcella">Matteo Barcella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barlassina, Cristina" sort="Barlassina, Cristina" uniqKey="Barlassina C" first="Cristina" last="Barlassina">Cristina Barlassina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><addr-line>Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benaglio, Paola" sort="Benaglio, Paola" uniqKey="Benaglio P" first="Paola" last="Benaglio">Paola Benaglio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bluher, Matthias" sort="Bluher, Matthias" uniqKey="Bluher M" first="Matthias" last="Blüher">Matthias Blüher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, Fabrice" sort="Bonnet, Fabrice" uniqKey="Bonnet F" first="Fabrice" last="Bonnet">Fabrice Bonnet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><addr-line>University Rennes 1, Rennes, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L." last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Heather A" sort="Boyd, Heather A" uniqKey="Boyd H" first="Heather A." last="Boyd">Heather A. Boyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinenberg, Marcel" sort="Bruinenberg, Marcel" uniqKey="Bruinenberg M" first="Marcel" last="Bruinenberg">Marcel Bruinenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The LifeLines Cohort Study, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchman, Aron S" sort="Buchman, Aron S" uniqKey="Buchman A" first="Aron S" last="Buchman">Aron S. Buchman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><addr-line>Los Angeles BioMedical Resesarch Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S." last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Claudi Boehm, Simone" sort="Claudi Boehm, Simone" uniqKey="Claudi Boehm S" first="Simone" last="Claudi-Boehm">Simone Claudi-Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, John" sort="Cole, John" uniqKey="Cole J" first="John" last="Cole">John Cole</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S." last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco J C" sort="De Geus, Eco J C" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco J. C." last="De Geus">Eco J. C. De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><addr-line>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" sort="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" uniqKey="De Groot L" first="Lisette C. P. G. M." last="De Groot">Lisette C. P. G. M. De Groot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><addr-line>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><addr-line>Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duan, Jubao" sort="Duan, Jubao" uniqKey="Duan J" first="Jubao" last="Duan">Jubao Duan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enroth, Stefan" sort="Enroth, Stefan" uniqKey="Enroth S" first="Stefan" last="Enroth">Stefan Enroth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eury, Elodie" sort="Eury, Elodie" uniqKey="Eury E" first="Elodie" last="Eury">Elodie Eury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farmaki, Aliki Eleni" sort="Farmaki, Aliki Eleni" uniqKey="Farmaki A" first="Aliki-Eleni" last="Farmaki">Aliki-Eleni Farmaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G." last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedrich, Nele" sort="Friedrich, Nele" uniqKey="Friedrich N" first="Nele" last="Friedrich">Nele Friedrich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gejman, Pablo V" sort="Gejman, Pablo V" uniqKey="Gejman P" first="Pablo V." last="Gejman">Pablo V. Gejman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gigante, Bruna" sort="Gigante, Bruna" uniqKey="Gigante B" first="Bruna" last="Gigante">Bruna Gigante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glorioso, Nicola" sort="Glorioso, Nicola" uniqKey="Glorioso N" first="Nicola" last="Glorioso">Nicola Glorioso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><addr-line>Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU-University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Go, Alan S" sort="Go, Alan S" uniqKey="Go A" first="Alan S." last="Go">Alan S. Go</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><addr-line>Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gottesman, Omri" sort="Gottesman, Omri" uniqKey="Gottesman O" first="Omri" last="Gottesman">Omri Gottesman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><addr-line>The Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gr Ler, Jurgen" sort="Gr Ler, Jurgen" uniqKey="Gr Ler J" first="Jürgen" last="Gr Ler">Jürgen Gr Ler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, Pathobiochemistry, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Yu Mei" sort="Gu, Yu Mei" uniqKey="Gu Y" first="Yu-Mei" last="Gu">Yu-Mei Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broer, Linda" sort="Broer, Linda" uniqKey="Broer L" first="Linda" last="Broer">Linda Broer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ham, Annelies C" sort="Ham, Annelies C" uniqKey="Ham A" first="Annelies C." last="Ham">Annelies C. Ham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><addr-line>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><addr-line>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Catharina A" sort="Hartman, Catharina A" uniqKey="Hartman C" first="Catharina A." last="Hartman">Catharina A. Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassinen, Maija" sort="Hassinen, Maija" uniqKey="Hassinen M" first="Maija" last="Hassinen">Maija Hassinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas" sort="Hastie, Nicholas" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas" last="Hastie">Nicholas Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hattersley, Andrew T" sort="Hattersley, Andrew T" uniqKey="Hattersley A" first="Andrew T." last="Hattersley">Andrew T. Hattersley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><addr-line>Institue of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Andrew C" sort="Heath, Andrew C" uniqKey="Heath A" first="Andrew C." last="Heath">Andrew C. Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henders, Anjali K" sort="Henders, Anjali K" uniqKey="Henders A" first="Anjali K." last="Henders">Anjali K. Henders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>QIMR Bergofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><addr-line>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillege, Hans" sort="Hillege, Hans" uniqKey="Hillege H" first="Hans" last="Hillege">Hans Hillege</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmen, Oddgeir" sort="Holmen, Oddgeir" uniqKey="Holmen O" first="Oddgeir" last="Holmen">Oddgeir Holmen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, Kees G" sort="Hovingh, Kees G" uniqKey="Hovingh K" first="Kees G" last="Hovingh">Kees G. Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><addr-line>Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><addr-line>Pathwest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia,Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Husemoen, Lise L" sort="Husemoen, Lise L" uniqKey="Husemoen L" first="Lise L." last="Husemoen">Lise L. Husemoen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutri K Honen, Nina" sort="Hutri K Honen, Nina" uniqKey="Hutri K Honen N" first="Nina" last="Hutri-K Hönen">Nina Hutri-K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hysi, Pirro G" sort="Hysi, Pirro G" uniqKey="Hysi P" first="Pirro G." last="Hysi">Pirro G. Hysi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><addr-line>Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><addr-line>Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jager, Philip L" sort="De Jager, Philip L" uniqKey="De Jager P" first="Philip L." last="De Jager">Philip L. De Jager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><addr-line>Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jalilzadeh, Shapour" sort="Jalilzadeh, Shapour" uniqKey="Jalilzadeh S" first="Shapour" last="Jalilzadeh">Shapour Jalilzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Torben" sort="J Rgensen, Torben" uniqKey="J Rgensen T" first="Torben" last="J Rgensen">Torben J Rgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J. Wouter" last="Jukema">J. Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><addr-line>Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juonala, Markus" sort="Juonala, Markus" uniqKey="Juonala M" first="Markus" last="Juonala">Markus Juonala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><addr-line>Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><addr-line>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karaleftheri, Maria" sort="Karaleftheri, Maria" uniqKey="Karaleftheri M" first="Maria" last="Karaleftheri">Maria Karaleftheri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><addr-line>Echinos Medical Centre, Echinos, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay Tee" last="Khaw">Kay Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><addr-line>Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinnunen, Leena" sort="Kinnunen, Leena" uniqKey="Kinnunen L" first="Leena" last="Kinnunen">Leena Kinnunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kittner, Steven J" sort="Kittner, Steven J" uniqKey="Kittner S" first="Steven J." last="Kittner">Steven J. Kittner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koenig, Wolfgang" sort="Koenig, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Koenig W" first="Wolfgang" last="Koenig">Wolfgang Koenig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine II—Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolcic, Ivana" sort="Kolcic, Ivana" uniqKey="Kolcic I" first="Ivana" last="Kolcic">Ivana Kolcic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krarup, Nikolaj T" sort="Krarup, Nikolaj T" uniqKey="Krarup N" first="Nikolaj T." last="Krarup">Nikolaj T. Krarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kratzer, Wolfgang" sort="Kratzer, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Kratzer W" first="Wolfgang" last="Kratzer">Wolfgang Kratzer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kruger, Janine" sort="Kruger, Janine" uniqKey="Kruger J" first="Janine" last="Krüger">Janine Krüger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><addr-line>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyriakou, Theodosios" sort="Kyriakou, Theodosios" uniqKey="Kyriakou T" first="Theodosios" last="Kyriakou">Theodosios Kyriakou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lannfelt, Lars" sort="Lannfelt, Lars" uniqKey="Lannfelt L" first="Lars" last="Lannfelt">Lars Lannfelt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanzani, Chiara" sort="Lanzani, Chiara" uniqKey="Lanzani C" first="Chiara" last="Lanzani">Chiara Lanzani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><addr-line>Chair of Nephrology, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Segrate (Milan), Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><addr-line>Genomics of Renal Disease and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Segrate (Milan), Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lotay, Vaneet" sort="Lotay, Vaneet" uniqKey="Lotay V" first="Vaneet" last="Lotay">Vaneet Lotay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launer, Lenore J" sort="Launer, Lenore J" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lenore J." last="Launer">Lenore J. Launer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leander, Karin" sort="Leander, Karin" uniqKey="Leander K" first="Karin" last="Leander">Karin Leander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yan Ping" sort="Liu, Yan Ping" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yan-Ping" last="Liu">Yan-Ping Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobbens, Stephane" sort="Lobbens, Stephane" uniqKey="Lobbens S" first="Stéphane" last="Lobbens">Stéphane Lobbens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luben, Robert" sort="Luben, Robert" uniqKey="Luben R" first="Robert" last="Luben">Robert Luben</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><addr-line>Strangeways Research Laboratory Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><addr-line>Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K." last="Magnusson">Patrik K. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L." last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merger, Sigrun" sort="Merger, Sigrun" uniqKey="Merger S" first="Sigrun" last="Merger">Sigrun Merger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milani, Lili" sort="Milani, Lili" uniqKey="Milani L" first="Lili" last="Milani">Lili Milani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>QIMR Bergofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P." last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelis, Mari" sort="Nelis, Mari" uniqKey="Nelis M" first="Mari" last="Nelis">Mari Nelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><addr-line>Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><addr-line>Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pichler, Irene" sort="Pichler, Irene" uniqKey="Pichler I" first="Irene" last="Pichler">Irene Pichler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilia, Maria G" sort="Pilia, Maria G" uniqKey="Pilia M" first="Maria G." last="Pilia">Maria G. Pilia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><addr-line>Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff206"><addr-line>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rheinberger, Myriam" sort="Rheinberger, Myriam" uniqKey="Rheinberger M" first="Myriam" last="Rheinberger">Myriam Rheinberger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ribel Madsen, Rasmus" sort="Ribel Madsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Ribel Madsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Ribel-Madsen">Rasmus Ribel-Madsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Marcus" sort="Richards, Marcus" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Marcus" last="Richards">Marcus Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Kenneth M" sort="Rice, Kenneth M" uniqKey="Rice K" first="Kenneth M." last="Rice">Kenneth M. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Treva K" sort="Rice, Treva K" uniqKey="Rice T" first="Treva K." last="Rice">Treva K. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivolta, Carlo" sort="Rivolta, Carlo" uniqKey="Rivolta C" first="Carlo" last="Rivolta">Carlo Rivolta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, Alan R" sort="Sanders, Alan R" uniqKey="Sanders A" first="Alan R." last="Sanders">Alan R. Sanders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A." last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholtens, Salome" sort="Scholtens, Salome" uniqKey="Scholtens S" first="Salome" last="Scholtens">Salome Scholtens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, William R" sort="Scott, William R" uniqKey="Scott W" first="William R." last="Scott">William R. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sebert, Sylvain" sort="Sebert, Sylvain" uniqKey="Sebert S" first="Sylvain" last="Sebert">Sylvain Sebert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sengupta, Sebanti" sort="Sengupta, Sebanti" uniqKey="Sengupta S" first="Sebanti" last="Sengupta">Sebanti Sengupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sennblad, Bengt" sort="Sennblad, Bengt" uniqKey="Sennblad B" first="Bengt" last="Sennblad">Bengt Sennblad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff209"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seufferlein, Thomas" sort="Seufferlein, Thomas" uniqKey="Seufferlein T" first="Thomas" last="Seufferlein">Thomas Seufferlein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silveira, Angela" sort="Silveira, Angela" uniqKey="Silveira A" first="Angela" last="Silveira">Angela Silveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slagboom, P Eline" sort="Slagboom, P Eline" uniqKey="Slagboom P" first="P. Eline" last="Slagboom">P. Eline Slagboom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff210"><addr-line>Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Jan H" sort="Smit, Jan H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Jan H." last="Smit">Jan H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spars, Thomas H" sort="Spars, Thomas H" uniqKey="Spars T" first="Thomas H." last="Spars">Thomas H. Spars</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Ronald P" sort="Stolk, Ronald P" uniqKey="Stolk R" first="Ronald P." last="Stolk">Ronald P. Stolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M." last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swertz, Morris A" sort="Swertz, Morris A" uniqKey="Swertz M" first="Morris A" last="Swertz">Morris A. Swertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy J" sort="Swift, Amy J" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy J." last="Swift">Amy J. Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Sian Tsung" sort="Tan, Sian Tsung" uniqKey="Tan S" first="Sian-Tsung" last="Tan">Sian-Tsung Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorand, Barbara" sort="Thorand, Barbara" uniqKey="Thorand B" first="Barbara" last="Thorand">Barbara Thorand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Angelo" sort="Tremblay, Angelo" uniqKey="Tremblay A" first="Angelo" last="Tremblay">Angelo Tremblay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsafantakis, Emmanouil" sort="Tsafantakis, Emmanouil" uniqKey="Tsafantakis E" first="Emmanouil" last="Tsafantakis">Emmanouil Tsafantakis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff213"><addr-line>Anogia Medical Centre, Anogia, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Most, Peter J" sort="Van Der Most, Peter J" uniqKey="Van Der Most P" first="Peter J." last="Van Der Most">Peter J. Van Der Most</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff215"><addr-line>School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Québec,Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vonk, Judith M" sort="Vonk, Judith M" uniqKey="Vonk J" first="Judith M." last="Vonk">Judith M. Vonk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waldenberger, Melanie" sort="Waldenberger, Melanie" uniqKey="Waldenberger M" first="Melanie" last="Waldenberger">Melanie Waldenberger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Ryan W" sort="Walker, Ryan W" uniqKey="Walker R" first="Ryan W." last="Walker">Ryan W. Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wennauer, Roman" sort="Wennauer, Roman" uniqKey="Wennauer R" first="Roman" last="Wennauer">Roman Wennauer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff216"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widen, Elisabeth" sort="Widen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Widen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Widén">Elisabeth Widén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsgaard, Tom" sort="Wilsgaard, Tom" uniqKey="Wilsgaard T" first="Tom" last="Wilsgaard">Tom Wilsgaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><addr-line>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F." last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M. Carola" last="Zillikens">M. Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Suzanne C" sort="Van Dijk, Suzanne C" uniqKey="Van Dijk S" first="Suzanne C." last="Van Dijk">Suzanne C. Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schoor, Natasja M" sort="Van Schoor, Natasja M" uniqKey="Van Schoor N" first="Natasja M." last="Van Schoor">Natasja M. Van Schoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><addr-line>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff219"><addr-line>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asselbergs, Folkert W" sort="Asselbergs, Folkert W" uniqKey="Asselbergs F" first="Folkert W." last="Asselbergs">Folkert W. Asselbergs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bakker, Paul I W" sort="De Bakker, Paul I W" uniqKey="De Bakker P" first="Paul I. W." last="De Bakker">Paul I. W. De Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff223"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John" sort="Beilby, John" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John" last="Beilby">John Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><addr-line>Pathwest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia,Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, David A" sort="Bennett, David A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="David A." last="Bennett">David A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N." last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff224"><addr-line>Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boger, Carsten A" sort="Boger, Carsten A" uniqKey="Boger C" first="Carsten A." last="Böger">Carsten A. Böger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O." last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff225"><addr-line>Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><addr-line>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff227"><addr-line>Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff228"><addr-line>Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R." last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottinger, Erwin P" sort="Bottinger, Erwin P" uniqKey="Bottinger E" first="Erwin P." last="Bottinger">Erwin P. Bottinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><addr-line>The Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J." last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff081"><addr-line>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I." last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cucca, Francesco" sort="Cucca, Francesco" uniqKey="Cucca F" first="Francesco" last="Cucca">Francesco Cucca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><addr-line>University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cusi, Daniele" sort="Cusi, Daniele" uniqKey="Cusi D" first="Daniele" last="Cusi">Daniele Cusi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff232"><addr-line>Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Institute of Research, Segrate-Milano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George" sort="Dedoussis, George" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George" last="Dedoussis">George Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdmann, Jeanette" sort="Erdmann, Jeanette" uniqKey="Erdmann J" first="Jeanette" last="Erdmann">Jeanette Erdmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><addr-line>Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><addr-line>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Denis A" sort="Evans, Denis A" uniqKey="Evans D" first="Denis A." last="Evans">Denis A. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff234"><addr-line>Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff235"><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff236"><addr-line>Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W." last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><addr-line>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gansevoort, Ron T" sort="Gansevoort, Ron T" uniqKey="Gansevoort R" first="Ron T." last="Gansevoort">Ron T. Gansevoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gronberg, Henrik" sort="Gronberg, Henrik" uniqKey="Gronberg H" first="Henrik" last="Grönberg">Henrik Grönberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Per" sort="Hall, Per" uniqKey="Hall P" first="Per" last="Hall">Per Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff239"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heliovaara, Markku" sort="Heliovaara, Markku" uniqKey="Heliovaara M" first="Markku" last="Heliövaara">Markku Heliövaara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hengstenberg, Christian" sort="Hengstenberg, Christian" uniqKey="Hengstenberg C" first="Christian" last="Hengstenberg">Christian Hengstenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><addr-line>Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Frank" sort="Hu, Frank" uniqKey="Hu F" first="Frank" last="Hu">Frank Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huikuri, Heikki V" sort="Huikuri, Heikki V" uniqKey="Huikuri H" first="Heikki V." last="Huikuri">Heikki V. Huikuri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><addr-line>Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L." last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff243"><addr-line>Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Joanne M" sort="Jordan, Joanne M" uniqKey="Jordan J" first="Joanne M." last="Jordan">Joanne M. Jordan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff244"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff245"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kajantie, Eero" sort="Kajantie, Eero" uniqKey="Kajantie E" first="Eero" last="Kajantie">Eero Kajantie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff246"><addr-line>Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kathiresan, Sekar" sort="Kathiresan, Sekar" uniqKey="Kathiresan S" first="Sekar" last="Kathiresan">Sekar Kathiresan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff247"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff248"><addr-line>Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M" sort="Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M" uniqKey="Kiemeney L" first="Lambertus A. L. M." last="Kiemeney">Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knekt, Paul B" sort="Knekt, Paul B" uniqKey="Knekt P" first="Paul B." last="Knekt">Paul B. Knekt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koistinen, Heikki A" sort="Koistinen, Heikki A" uniqKey="Koistinen H" first="Heikki A." last="Koistinen">Heikki A. Koistinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><addr-line>University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff252"><addr-line>Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maerz, Winfried" sort="Maerz, Winfried" uniqKey="Maerz W" first="Winfried" last="Maerz">Winfried Maerz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff098"><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G" last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>QIMR Bergofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A." last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff253"><addr-line>Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff254"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff255"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lettre, Guillaume" sort="Lettre, Guillaume" uniqKey="Lettre G" first="Guillaume" last="Lettre">Guillaume Lettre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levinson, Douglas F" sort="Levinson, Douglas F" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Douglas F." last="Levinson">Douglas F. Levinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff257"><addr-line>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lokki, Marja Liisa" sort="Lokki, Marja Liisa" uniqKey="Lokki M" first="Marja-Liisa" last="Lokki">Marja-Liisa Lokki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><addr-line>Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Ntyselk, Pekka" sort="M Ntyselk, Pekka" uniqKey="M Ntyselk P" first="Pekka" last="M Ntyselk">Pekka M Ntyselk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff258"><addr-line>Primary Health Care Unit, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff259"><addr-line>Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melbye, Mads" sort="Melbye, Mads" uniqKey="Melbye M" first="Mads" last="Melbye">Mads Melbye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Braxton D" sort="Mitchell, Braxton D" uniqKey="Mitchell B" first="Braxton D." last="Mitchell">Braxton D. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff051"><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff261"><addr-line>Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moll, Frans L" sort="Moll, Frans L" uniqKey="Moll F" first="Frans L." last="Moll">Frans L. Moll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff262"><addr-line>Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Jeffrey C" sort="Murray, Jeffrey C" uniqKey="Murray J" first="Jeffrey C." last="Murray">Jeffrey C. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff263"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, Arthur W" sort="Musk, Arthur W" uniqKey="Musk A" first="Arthur W." last="Musk">Arthur W. Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><addr-line>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieminen, Markku S" sort="Nieminen, Markku S" uniqKey="Nieminen M" first="Markku S." last="Nieminen">Markku S. Nieminen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><addr-line>HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nj Lstad, Inger" sort="Nj Lstad, Inger" uniqKey="Nj Lstad I" first="Inger" last="Nj Lstad">Inger Nj Lstad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><addr-line>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J." last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff266"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A." last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J" last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff267"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff268"><addr-line>Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankow, James S" sort="Pankow, James S" uniqKey="Pankow J" first="James S." last="Pankow">James S. Pankow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff269"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasterkamp, Gerard" sort="Pasterkamp, Gerard" uniqKey="Pasterkamp G" first="Gerard" last="Pasterkamp">Gerard Pasterkamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W." last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polašek">Ozren Polašek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P." last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M." last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff044"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff271"><addr-line>Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff272"><addr-line>Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seatte, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quertermous, Thomas" sort="Quertermous, Thomas" uniqKey="Quertermous T" first="Thomas" last="Quertermous">Thomas Quertermous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff273"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff274"><addr-line>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff275"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M." last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rioux, John D" sort="Rioux, John D" uniqKey="Rioux J" first="John D." last="Rioux">John D. Rioux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I." last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><addr-line>Los Angeles BioMedical Resesarch Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Ruijter, Hester M" sort="Den Ruijter, Hester M" uniqKey="Den Ruijter H" first="Hester M." last="Den Ruijter">Hester M. Den Ruijter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saltevo, Juha" sort="Saltevo, Juha" uniqKey="Saltevo J" first="Juha" last="Saltevo">Juha Saltevo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sattar, Naveed" sort="Sattar, Naveed" uniqKey="Sattar N" first="Naveed" last="Sattar">Naveed Sattar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff277"><addr-line>BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schunkert, Heribert" sort="Schunkert, Heribert" uniqKey="Schunkert H" first="Heribert" last="Schunkert">Heribert Schunkert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><addr-line>Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter E H" sort="Schwarz, Peter E H" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter E. H." last="Schwarz">Peter E. H. Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff278"><addr-line>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinisalo, Juha" sort="Sinisalo, Juha" uniqKey="Sinisalo J" first="Juha" last="Sinisalo">Juha Sinisalo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><addr-line>HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff279"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff280"><addr-line>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Staessen, Jan A" sort="Staessen, Jan A" uniqKey="Staessen J" first="Jan A." last="Staessen">Jan A. Staessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff281"><addr-line>R & D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefania, Bandinelli" sort="Stefania, Bandinelli" uniqKey="Stefania B" first="Bandinelli" last="Stefania">Bandinelli Stefania</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff282"><addr-line>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tardif, Jean Claude" sort="Tardif, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Tardif J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Tardif">Jean-Claude Tardif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremoli, Elena" sort="Tremoli, Elena" uniqKey="Tremoli E" first="Elena" last="Tremoli">Elena Tremoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff284"><addr-line>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff285"><addr-line>Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><addr-line>Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff287"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff288"><addr-line>Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verbeek, Andre L M" sort="Verbeek, Andre L M" uniqKey="Verbeek A" first="André L. M." last="Verbeek">André L. M. Verbeek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Sita H" sort="Vermeulen, Sita H" uniqKey="Vermeulen S" first="Sita H." last="Vermeulen">Sita H. Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff289"><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viikari, Jorma S" sort="Viikari, Jorma S" uniqKey="Viikari J" first="Jorma S." last="Viikari">Jorma S. Viikari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff291"><addr-line>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wallaschofski, Henri" sort="Wallaschofski, Henri" uniqKey="Wallaschofski H" first="Henri" last="Wallaschofski">Henri Wallaschofski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeggini, Eleftheria" sort="Zeggini, Eleftheria" uniqKey="Zeggini E" first="Eleftheria" last="Zeggini">Eleftheria Zeggini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff022"><addr-line>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clegg, Deborah J" sort="Clegg, Deborah J" uniqKey="Clegg D" first="Deborah J." last="Clegg">Deborah J. Clegg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon Larsen, Penny" sort="Gordon Larsen, Penny" uniqKey="Gordon Larsen P" first="Penny" last="Gordon-Larsen">Penny Gordon-Larsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff298"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff299"><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaquish, Cashell E" sort="Jaquish, Cashell E" uniqKey="Jaquish C" first="Cashell E." last="Jaquish">Cashell E. Jaquish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff300"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, D C" sort="Rao, D C" uniqKey="Rao D" first="D. C." last="Rao">D. C. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R." last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assimes, Themistocles L" sort="Assimes, Themistocles L" uniqKey="Assimes T" first="Themistocles L." last="Assimes">Themistocles L. Assimes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff301"><addr-line>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff302"><addr-line>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I." last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff303"><addr-line>Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S." last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif C" sort="Groop, Leif C" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif C." last="Groop">Leif C. Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><addr-line>Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff304"><addr-line>Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff305"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff306"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Robert C" sort="Kaplan, Robert C" uniqKey="Kaplan R" first="Robert C." last="Kaplan">Robert C. Kaplan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff307"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff308"><addr-line>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff309"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Connell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Connell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O'Connell">Jeffrey R. O'Connell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlessinger, David" sort="Schlessinger, David" uniqKey="Schlessinger D" first="David" last="Schlessinger">David Schlessinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff310"><addr-line>Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff311"><addr-line>Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M." last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><addr-line>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutalik, Zoltan" sort="Kutalik, Zoltan" uniqKey="Kutalik Z" first="Zoltán" last="Kutalik">Zoltán Kutalik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff313"><addr-line>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff314"><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1553-7390</idno><idno type="eISSN">1553-7404</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to ~2.8M SNPs with BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> in four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR<5%) age-specific effects, of which 11 had larger effects in younger (<50y) than in older adults (≥50y). No sex-dependent effects were identified for BMI. For WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we identified 44 loci (27 previously established for main effects, 17 novel) with sex-specific effects, of which 28 showed larger effects in women than in men, five showed larger effects in men than in women, and 11 showed opposite effects between sexes. No age-dependent effects were identified for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. This is the first genome-wide interaction meta-analysis to report convincing evidence of age-dependent genetic effects on BMI. In addition, we confirm the sex-specificity of genetic effects on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. These results may provide further insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexually dimorphism of body shape.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vazquez, G" uniqKey="Vazquez G">G. Vazquez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pischon, T" uniqKey="Pischon T">T. Pischon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mokdad, A H" uniqKey="Mokdad A">A.H. Mokdad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Must, A" uniqKey="Must A">A. Must</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yusuf, S" uniqKey="Yusuf S">S. Yusuf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Canoy, D" uniqKey="Canoy D">D. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS Genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1553-7390</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1553-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26426971</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4591371</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PGENETICS-D-14-03117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Age-and Sex-Specific Genetic Effects on Body Size and Shape</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Winkler</surname><given-names>Thomas W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Justice</surname><given-names>Anne E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Graff</surname><given-names>Mariaelisa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Barata</surname><given-names>Llilda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feitosa</surname><given-names>Mary F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>Su</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Czajkowski</surname><given-names>Jacek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Esko</surname><given-names>Tõnu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fall</surname><given-names>Tove</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" 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rid="aff059"><sup>59</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eriksson</surname><given-names>Joel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feenstra</surname><given-names>Bjarke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff061"><sup>61</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>Krista</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frau</surname><given-names>Francesca</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff062"><sup>62</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff063"><sup>63</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Galesloot</surname><given-names>Tessel E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff064"><sup>64</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Geller</surname><given-names>Frank</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff061"><sup>61</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goel</surname><given-names>Anuj</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff065"><sup>65</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gorski</surname><given-names>Mathias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff066"><sup>66</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grammer</surname><given-names>Tanja B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff053"><sup>53</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gustafsson</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haitjema</surname><given-names>Saskia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff067"><sup>67</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hottenga</surname><given-names>Jouke-Jan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huffman</surname><given-names>Jennifer E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff024"><sup>24</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff069"><sup>69</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jackson</surname><given-names>Anne U.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>Kevin B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff071"><sup>71</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johansson</surname><given-names>Åsa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff072"><sup>72</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaakinen</surname><given-names>Marika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff041"><sup>41</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff073"><sup>73</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kleber</surname><given-names>Marcus E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff053"><sup>53</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lahti</surname><given-names>Jari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff074"><sup>74</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff075"><sup>75</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leach</surname><given-names>Irene Mateo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff076"><sup>76</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lehne</surname><given-names>Benjamin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff077"><sup>77</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Youfang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff078"><sup>78</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lo</surname><given-names>Ken Sin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff048"><sup>48</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lorentzon</surname><given-names>Mattias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luan</surname><given-names>Jian'an</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Madden</surname><given-names>Pamela A. F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff079"><sup>79</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mangino</surname><given-names>Massimo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff080"><sup>80</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McKnight</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff043"><sup>43</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff081"><sup>81</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff082"><sup>82</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Medina-Gomez</surname><given-names>Carolina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff083"><sup>83</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff084"><sup>84</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Monda</surname><given-names>Keri L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff086"><sup>86</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Montasser</surname><given-names>May E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff087"><sup>87</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Müller</surname><given-names>Gabriele</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff088"><sup>88</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Müller-Nurasyid</surname><given-names>Martina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff040"><sup>40</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff089"><sup>89</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff090"><sup>90</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff091"><sup>91</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nolte</surname><given-names>Ilja M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Panoutsopoulou</surname><given-names>Kalliope</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pascoe</surname><given-names>Laura</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff094"><sup>94</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paternoster</surname><given-names>Lavinia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff095"><sup>95</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rayner</surname><given-names>Nigel W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff026"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Renström</surname><given-names>Frida</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff039"><sup>39</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rizzi</surname><given-names>Federica</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff062"><sup>62</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff063"><sup>63</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rose</surname><given-names>Lynda M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff096"><sup>96</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ryan</surname><given-names>Kathy A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff087"><sup>87</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salo</surname><given-names>Perttu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff057"><sup>57</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanna</surname><given-names>Serena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff097"><sup>97</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scharnagl</surname><given-names>Hubert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff098"><sup>98</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Jianxin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff099"><sup>99</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Albert Vernon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff059"><sup>59</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff100"><sup>100</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Southam</surname><given-names>Lorraine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stančáková</surname><given-names>Alena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff101"><sup>101</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Steinthorsdottir</surname><given-names>Valgerdur</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff102"><sup>102</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strawbridge</surname><given-names>Rona J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sung</surname><given-names>Yun Ju</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff030"><sup>30</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tachmazidou</surname><given-names>Ioanna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tanaka</surname><given-names>Toshiko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff105"><sup>105</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thorleifsson</surname><given-names>Gudmar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff102"><sup>102</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Trompet</surname><given-names>Stella</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff042"><sup>42</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff106"><sup>106</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pervjakova</surname><given-names>Natalia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff057"><sup>57</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff107"><sup>107</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff108"><sup>108</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tyrer</surname><given-names>Jonathan P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff109"><sup>109</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vandenput</surname><given-names>Liesbeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Laan</surname><given-names>Sander W</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff067"><sup>67</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Velde</surname><given-names>Nathalie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff110"><sup>110</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Setten</surname><given-names>Jessica</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff111"><sup>111</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</surname><given-names>Jana V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff112"><sup>112</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verweij</surname><given-names>Niek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff076"><sup>76</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vlachopoulou</surname><given-names>Efthymia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff113"><sup>113</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waite</surname><given-names>Lindsay L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff036"><sup>36</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Sophie R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff032"><sup>32</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff114"><sup>114</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff115"><sup>115</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Zhaoming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff071"><sup>71</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wild</surname><given-names>Sarah H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff116"><sup>116</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willenborg</surname><given-names>Christina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff117"><sup>117</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff118"><sup>118</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>James F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff119"><sup>119</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Andrew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff120"><sup>120</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Jian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff121"><sup>121</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yengo</surname><given-names>Loïc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff045"><sup>45</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff047"><sup>47</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yerges-Armstrong</surname><given-names>Laura M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff087"><sup>87</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Lei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff122"><sup>122</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Weihua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff077"><sup>77</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff123"><sup>123</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Jing Hua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andersson</surname><given-names>Ehm A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bakker</surname><given-names>Stephan J. L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff124"><sup>124</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baldassarre</surname><given-names>Damiano</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff125"><sup>125</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff126"><sup>126</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Banasik</surname><given-names>Karina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barcella</surname><given-names>Matteo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff062"><sup>62</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barlassina</surname><given-names>Cristina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff062"><sup>62</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bellis</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff127"><sup>127</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff128"><sup>128</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benaglio</surname><given-names>Paola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff129"><sup>129</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff130"><sup>130</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blangero</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff127"><sup>127</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blüher</surname><given-names>Matthias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff131"><sup>131</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff132"><sup>132</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonnet</surname><given-names>Fabrice</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff133"><sup>133</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonnycastle</surname><given-names>Lori L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff134"><sup>134</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boyd</surname><given-names>Heather A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff061"><sup>61</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bruinenberg</surname><given-names>Marcel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff135"><sup>135</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buchman</surname><given-names>Aron S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff122"><sup>122</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Campbell</surname><given-names>Harry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff119"><sup>119</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Yii-Der Ida</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff136"><sup>136</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chines</surname><given-names>Peter S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff134"><sup>134</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Claudi-Boehm</surname><given-names>Simone</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff137"><sup>137</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cole</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff050"><sup>50</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff138"><sup>138</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Collins</surname><given-names>Francis S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff134"><sup>134</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Geus</surname><given-names>Eco J. 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M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff140"><sup>140</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dimitriou</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff141"><sup>141</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duan</surname><given-names>Jubao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff142"><sup>142</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff143"><sup>143</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Enroth</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff072"><sup>72</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eury</surname><given-names>Elodie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff045"><sup>45</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff047"><sup>47</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farmaki</surname><given-names>Aliki-Eleni</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff144"><sup>144</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Forouhi</surname><given-names>Nita G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Friedrich</surname><given-names>Nele</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff145"><sup>145</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gejman</surname><given-names>Pablo V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff142"><sup>142</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff143"><sup>143</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gigante</surname><given-names>Bruna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff146"><sup>146</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Glorioso</surname><given-names>Nicola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff147"><sup>147</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Go</surname><given-names>Alan S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff148"><sup>148</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gottesman</surname><given-names>Omri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff013"><sup>13</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff149"><sup>149</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gräßler</surname><given-names>Jürgen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff150"><sup>150</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grallert</surname><given-names>Harald</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff151"><sup>151</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff153"><sup>153</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grarup</surname><given-names>Niels</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>Yu-Mei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff154"><sup>154</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Broer</surname><given-names>Linda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ham</surname><given-names>Annelies C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hansen</surname><given-names>Torben</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff155"><sup>155</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harris</surname><given-names>Tamara B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff156"><sup>156</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff157"><sup>157</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hartman</surname><given-names>Catharina A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff158"><sup>158</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hassinen</surname><given-names>Maija</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff159"><sup>159</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hastie</surname><given-names>Nicholas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff069"><sup>69</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hattersley</surname><given-names>Andrew T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff160"><sup>160</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heath</surname><given-names>Andrew C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff079"><sup>79</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Henders</surname><given-names>Anjali K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff161"><sup>161</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hernandez</surname><given-names>Dena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff162"><sup>162</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hillege</surname><given-names>Hans</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff076"><sup>76</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holmen</surname><given-names>Oddgeir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff163"><sup>163</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hovingh</surname><given-names>Kees G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff164"><sup>164</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>Jennie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff165"><sup>165</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff166"><sup>166</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff167"><sup>167</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Husemoen</surname><given-names>Lise L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff168"><sup>168</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hutri-Kähönen</surname><given-names>Nina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff169"><sup>169</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff170"><sup>170</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hysi</surname><given-names>Pirro G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff080"><sup>80</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Illig</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff151"><sup>151</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff171"><sup>171</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff172"><sup>172</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De Jager</surname><given-names>Philip L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff032"><sup>32</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff173"><sup>173</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff174"><sup>174</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jalilzadeh</surname><given-names>Shapour</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff065"><sup>65</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jørgensen</surname><given-names>Torben</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff168"><sup>168</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff175"><sup>175</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff176"><sup>176</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jukema</surname><given-names>J. Wouter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff106"><sup>106</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff177"><sup>177</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Juonala</surname><given-names>Markus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff178"><sup>178</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff179"><sup>179</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff180"><sup>180</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kanoni</surname><given-names>Stavroula</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff181"><sup>181</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karaleftheri</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff182"><sup>182</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khaw</surname><given-names>Kay Tee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff183"><sup>183</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kinnunen</surname><given-names>Leena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff184"><sup>184</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kittner</surname><given-names>Steven J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff050"><sup>50</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff138"><sup>138</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koenig</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff185"><sup>185</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kolcic</surname><given-names>Ivana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff186"><sup>186</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kovacs</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff131"><sup>131</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krarup</surname><given-names>Nikolaj T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kratzer</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff137"><sup>137</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krüger</surname><given-names>Janine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff187"><sup>187</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuh</surname><given-names>Diana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff120"><sup>120</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumari</surname><given-names>Meena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff188"><sup>188</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kyriakou</surname><given-names>Theodosios</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff065"><sup>65</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Langenberg</surname><given-names>Claudia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff188"><sup>188</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lannfelt</surname><given-names>Lars</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff189"><sup>189</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lanzani</surname><given-names>Chiara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff190"><sup>190</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff191"><sup>191</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lotay</surname><given-names>Vaneet</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff192"><sup>192</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Launer</surname><given-names>Lenore J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff157"><sup>157</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leander</surname><given-names>Karin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff146"><sup>146</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindström</surname><given-names>Jaana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff193"><sup>193</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Linneberg</surname><given-names>Allan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff168"><sup>168</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff175"><sup>175</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff194"><sup>194</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Yan-Ping</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff154"><sup>154</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lobbens</surname><given-names>Stéphane</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff045"><sup>45</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff047"><sup>47</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luben</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff195"><sup>195</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lyssenko</surname><given-names>Valeriya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff037"><sup>37</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff196"><sup>196</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Männistö</surname><given-names>Satu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Magnusson</surname><given-names>Patrik K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff197"><sup>197</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McArdle</surname><given-names>Wendy L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff198"><sup>198</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Menni</surname><given-names>Cristina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff080"><sup>80</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Merger</surname><given-names>Sigrun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff137"><sup>137</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milani</surname><given-names>Lili</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Montgomery</surname><given-names>Grant W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff161"><sup>161</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morris</surname><given-names>Andrew P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff199"><sup>199</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narisu</surname><given-names>Narisu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff134"><sup>134</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nelis</surname><given-names>Mari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ong</surname><given-names>Ken K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff120"><sup>120</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff200"><sup>200</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Palotie</surname><given-names>Aarno</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff058"><sup>58</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff201"><sup>201</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pérusse</surname><given-names>Louis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff202"><sup>202</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff203"><sup>203</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pichler</surname><given-names>Irene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff204"><sup>204</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pilia</surname><given-names>Maria G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff097"><sup>97</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pouta</surname><given-names>Anneli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff205"><sup>205</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff206"><sup>206</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rheinberger</surname><given-names>Myriam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff066"><sup>66</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ribel-Madsen</surname><given-names>Rasmus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richards</surname><given-names>Marcus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff120"><sup>120</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rice</surname><given-names>Kenneth M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff082"><sup>82</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rice</surname><given-names>Treva K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff030"><sup>30</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff207"><sup>207</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivolta</surname><given-names>Carlo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff130"><sup>130</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salomaa</surname><given-names>Veikko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanders</surname><given-names>Alan R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff142"><sup>142</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff143"><sup>143</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarzynski</surname><given-names>Mark A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff208"><sup>208</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scholtens</surname><given-names>Salome</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>Robert A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>William R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff077"><sup>77</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff123"><sup>123</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sebert</surname><given-names>Sylvain</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff073"><sup>73</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sengupta</surname><given-names>Sebanti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sennblad</surname><given-names>Bengt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff209"><sup>209</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seufferlein</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff137"><sup>137</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silveira</surname><given-names>Angela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Slagboom</surname><given-names>P. Eline</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff210"><sup>210</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smit</surname><given-names>Jan H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sparsø</surname><given-names>Thomas H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stirrups</surname><given-names>Kathleen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff181"><sup>181</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stolk</surname><given-names>Ronald P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stringham</surname><given-names>Heather M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swertz</surname><given-names>Morris A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff025"><sup>25</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swift</surname><given-names>Amy J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff134"><sup>134</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Syvänen</surname><given-names>Ann-Christine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff211"><sup>211</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>Sian-Tsung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff123"><sup>123</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff212"><sup>212</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thorand</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff153"><sup>153</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tönjes</surname><given-names>Anke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff132"><sup>132</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tremblay</surname><given-names>Angelo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff202"><sup>202</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsafantakis</surname><given-names>Emmanouil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff213"><sup>213</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Most</surname><given-names>Peter J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Völker</surname><given-names>Uwe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff020"><sup>20</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff214"><sup>214</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vohl</surname><given-names>Marie-Claude</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff203"><sup>203</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff215"><sup>215</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vonk</surname><given-names>Judith M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waldenberger</surname><given-names>Melanie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff091"><sup>91</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff151"><sup>151</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walker</surname><given-names>Ryan W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff013"><sup>13</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wennauer</surname><given-names>Roman</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff216"><sup>216</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Widén</surname><given-names>Elisabeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff058"><sup>58</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willemsen</surname><given-names>Gonneke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilsgaard</surname><given-names>Tom</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff217"><sup>217</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff218"><sup>218</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>Alan F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff069"><sup>69</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zillikens</surname><given-names>M. Carola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff083"><sup>83</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Dijk</surname><given-names>Suzanne C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Schoor</surname><given-names>Natasja M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff139"><sup>139</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff219"><sup>219</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asselbergs</surname><given-names>Folkert W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff220"><sup>220</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff221"><sup>221</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff222"><sup>222</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Bakker</surname><given-names>Paul I. W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff111"><sup>111</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff223"><sup>223</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beckmann</surname><given-names>Jacques S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff017"><sup>17</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beilby</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff165"><sup>165</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff166"><sup>166</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bennett</surname><given-names>David A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff122"><sup>122</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bergman</surname><given-names>Richard N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff224"><sup>224</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bergmann</surname><given-names>Sven</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff017"><sup>17</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff130"><sup>130</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Böger</surname><given-names>Carsten A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff066"><sup>66</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boehm</surname><given-names>Bernhard O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff137"><sup>137</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff225"><sup>225</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff226"><sup>226</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff227"><sup>227</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boerwinkle</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff228"><sup>228</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boomsma</surname><given-names>Dorret I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bornstein</surname><given-names>Stefan R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff229"><sup>229</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bottinger</surname><given-names>Erwin P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff013"><sup>13</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff149"><sup>149</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bouchard</surname><given-names>Claude</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff208"><sup>208</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chambers</surname><given-names>John C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff077"><sup>77</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff123"><sup>123</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff230"><sup>230</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chanock</surname><given-names>Stephen J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff081"><sup>81</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chasman</surname><given-names>Daniel I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff096"><sup>96</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff173"><sup>173</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cucca</surname><given-names>Francesco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff097"><sup>97</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff231"><sup>231</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cusi</surname><given-names>Daniele</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff062"><sup>62</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff232"><sup>232</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dedoussis</surname><given-names>George</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff144"><sup>144</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Erdmann</surname><given-names>Jeanette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff117"><sup>117</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff118"><sup>118</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eriksson</surname><given-names>Johan G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff074"><sup>74</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff233"><sup>233</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evans</surname><given-names>Denis A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff234"><sup>234</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Faire</surname><given-names>Ulf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff146"><sup>146</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farrall</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff065"><sup>65</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff235"><sup>235</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferrucci</surname><given-names>Luigi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff105"><sup>105</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ford</surname><given-names>Ian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff236"><sup>236</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franke</surname><given-names>Lude</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff025"><sup>25</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff076"><sup>76</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franks</surname><given-names>Paul W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff039"><sup>39</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff237"><sup>237</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff238"><sup>238</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Froguel</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff045"><sup>45</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff047"><sup>47</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gansevoort</surname><given-names>Ron T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff124"><sup>124</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gieger</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff151"><sup>151</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grönberg</surname><given-names>Henrik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff197"><sup>197</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gudnason</surname><given-names>Vilmundur</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff059"><sup>59</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff100"><sup>100</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gyllensten</surname><given-names>Ulf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff072"><sup>72</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hall</surname><given-names>Per</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff197"><sup>197</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hamsten</surname><given-names>Anders</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff239"><sup>239</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Harst</surname><given-names>Pim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff025"><sup>25</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff076"><sup>76</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff221"><sup>221</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayward</surname><given-names>Caroline</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff069"><sup>69</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heliövaara</surname><given-names>Markku</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff184"><sup>184</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hengstenberg</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff091"><sup>91</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff240"><sup>240</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hicks</surname><given-names>Andrew A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff204"><sup>204</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hingorani</surname><given-names>Aroon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff222"><sup>222</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hofman</surname><given-names>Albert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff083"><sup>83</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff084"><sup>84</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>Frank</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff238"><sup>238</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff241"><sup>241</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huikuri</surname><given-names>Heikki V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff242"><sup>242</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hveem</surname><given-names>Kristian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff163"><sup>163</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>James</surname><given-names>Alan L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff243"><sup>243</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jordan</surname><given-names>Joanne M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff078"><sup>78</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jula</surname><given-names>Antti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kähönen</surname><given-names>Mika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff244"><sup>244</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff245"><sup>245</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kajantie</surname><given-names>Eero</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff193"><sup>193</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff246"><sup>246</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kathiresan</surname><given-names>Sekar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff032"><sup>32</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff247"><sup>247</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff248"><sup>248</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kiemeney</surname><given-names>Lambertus A. L. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff064"><sup>64</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff249"><sup>249</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kivimaki</surname><given-names>Mika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff188"><sup>188</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Knekt</surname><given-names>Paul B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff250"><sup>250</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koistinen</surname><given-names>Heikki A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff250"><sup>250</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff251"><sup>251</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff252"><sup>252</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kooner</surname><given-names>Jaspal S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff123"><sup>123</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff212"><sup>212</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff230"><sup>230</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koskinen</surname><given-names>Seppo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff184"><sup>184</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuusisto</surname><given-names>Johanna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff101"><sup>101</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maerz</surname><given-names>Winfried</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff053"><sup>53</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff098"><sup>98</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>Nicholas G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff161"><sup>161</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Laakso</surname><given-names>Markku</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff101"><sup>101</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lakka</surname><given-names>Timo A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff159"><sup>159</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff253"><sup>253</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lehtimäki</surname><given-names>Terho</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff254"><sup>254</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff255"><sup>255</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lettre</surname><given-names>Guillaume</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff048"><sup>48</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff256"><sup>256</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levinson</surname><given-names>Douglas F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff257"><sup>257</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lind</surname><given-names>Lars</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff211"><sup>211</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lokki</surname><given-names>Marja-Liisa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff113"><sup>113</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mäntyselkä</surname><given-names>Pekka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff258"><sup>258</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff259"><sup>259</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Melbye</surname><given-names>Mads</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff061"><sup>61</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff175"><sup>175</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff260"><sup>260</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metspalu</surname><given-names>Andres</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitchell</surname><given-names>Braxton D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff051"><sup>51</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff261"><sup>261</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moll</surname><given-names>Frans L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff262"><sup>262</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>Jeffrey C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff263"><sup>263</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Musk</surname><given-names>Arthur W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff264"><sup>264</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nieminen</surname><given-names>Markku S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff265"><sup>265</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Njølstad</surname><given-names>Inger</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff217"><sup>217</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff218"><sup>218</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ohlsson</surname><given-names>Claes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oldehinkel</surname><given-names>Albertine J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff266"><sup>266</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oostra</surname><given-names>Ben A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Palmer</surname><given-names>Lyle J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff267"><sup>267</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff268"><sup>268</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pankow</surname><given-names>James S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff269"><sup>269</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pasterkamp</surname><given-names>Gerard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff067"><sup>67</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pedersen</surname><given-names>Nancy L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff197"><sup>197</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pedersen</surname><given-names>Oluf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Penninx</surname><given-names>Brenda W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perola</surname><given-names>Markus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff058"><sup>58</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Annette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff091"><sup>91</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff151"><sup>151</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Polašek</surname><given-names>Ozren</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff119"><sup>119</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff186"><sup>186</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pramstaller</surname><given-names>Peter P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff204"><sup>204</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff270"><sup>270</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Psaty</surname><given-names>Bruce M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff043"><sup>43</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff044"><sup>44</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff271"><sup>271</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff272"><sup>272</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qi</surname><given-names>Lu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff238"><sup>238</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff241"><sup>241</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Quertermous</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff260"><sup>260</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raitakari</surname><given-names>Olli T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff273"><sup>273</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff274"><sup>274</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rankinen</surname><given-names>Tuomo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff208"><sup>208</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rauramaa</surname><given-names>Rainer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff159"><sup>159</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff275"><sup>275</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ridker</surname><given-names>Paul M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff096"><sup>96</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff173"><sup>173</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rioux</surname><given-names>John D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff048"><sup>48</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff256"><sup>256</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivadeneira</surname><given-names>Fernando</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff083"><sup>83</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff084"><sup>84</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rotter</surname><given-names>Jerome I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff136"><sup>136</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rudan</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff119"><sup>119</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>den Ruijter</surname><given-names>Hester M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff067"><sup>67</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saltevo</surname><given-names>Juha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff276"><sup>276</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sattar</surname><given-names>Naveed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff277"><sup>277</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schunkert</surname><given-names>Heribert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff091"><sup>91</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff240"><sup>240</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwarz</surname><given-names>Peter E. 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Adrienne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff024"><sup>24</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff035"><sup>35</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gordon-Larsen</surname><given-names>Penny</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff298"><sup>298</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff299"><sup>299</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jaquish</surname><given-names>Cashell E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff300"><sup>300</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>D. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff030"><sup>30</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff207"><sup>207</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abecasis</surname><given-names>Goncalo R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Assimes</surname><given-names>Themistocles L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff260"><sup>260</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barroso</surname><given-names>Inês</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff301"><sup>301</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff302"><sup>302</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berndt</surname><given-names>Sonja I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boehnke</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deloukas</surname><given-names>Panos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff181"><sup>181</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff303"><sup>303</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fox</surname><given-names>Caroline S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff024"><sup>24</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff173"><sup>173</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Groop</surname><given-names>Leif C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff196"><sup>196</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff304"><sup>304</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hunter</surname><given-names>David J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff238"><sup>238</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff241"><sup>241</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff305"><sup>305</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ingelsson</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff306"><sup>306</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaplan</surname><given-names>Robert C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff307"><sup>307</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCarthy</surname><given-names>Mark I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff026"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff308"><sup>308</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohlke</surname><given-names>Karen L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff309"><sup>309</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O'Connell</surname><given-names>Jeffrey R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff087"><sup>87</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schlessinger</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff157"><sup>157</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strachan</surname><given-names>David P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff310"><sup>310</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stefansson</surname><given-names>Kari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff102"><sup>102</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff283"><sup>283</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Duijn</surname><given-names>Cornelia M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff083"><sup>83</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff311"><sup>311</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hirschhorn</surname><given-names>Joel N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindgren</surname><given-names>Cecilia M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heid</surname><given-names>Iris M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff040"><sup>40</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="econtrib001"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>North</surname><given-names>Kari E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff312"><sup>312</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="econtrib001"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borecki</surname><given-names>Ingrid B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="econtrib001"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kutalik</surname><given-names>Zoltán</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff017"><sup>17</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff018"><sup>18</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff130"><sup>130</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="econtrib001"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Loos</surname><given-names>Ruth J. F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff013"><sup>13</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff313"><sup>313</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff314"><sup>314</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="econtrib001"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff006"><label>6</label><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff007"><label>7</label><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff008"><label>8</label><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff009"><label>9</label><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff010"><label>10</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff011"><label>11</label><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff012"><label>12</label><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff013"><label>13</label><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff014"><label>14</label><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff015"><label>15</label><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff016"><label>16</label><addr-line>Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff017"><label>17</label><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff018"><label>18</label><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff019"><label>19</label><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff020"><label>20</label><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff021"><label>21</label><addr-line>Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff022"><label>22</label><addr-line>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff023"><label>23</label><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff024"><label>24</label><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff025"><label>25</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff026"><label>26</label><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff027"><label>27</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff028"><label>28</label><addr-line>Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff029"><label>29</label><addr-line>Department of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff030"><label>30</label><addr-line>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff031"><label>31</label><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff032"><label>32</label><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff033"><label>33</label><addr-line>Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff034"><label>34</label><addr-line>Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff035"><label>35</label><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff036"><label>36</label><addr-line>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff037"><label>37</label><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff038"><label>38</label><addr-line>COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff039"><label>39</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff040"><label>40</label><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff041"><label>41</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff042"><label>42</label><addr-line>Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff043"><label>43</label><addr-line>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff044"><label>44</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff045"><label>45</label><addr-line>CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff046"><label>46</label><addr-line>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff047"><label>47</label><addr-line>Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff048"><label>48</label><addr-line>Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff049"><label>49</label><addr-line>Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff050"><label>50</label><addr-line>VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff051"><label>51</label><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff052"><label>52</label><addr-line>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff053"><label>53</label><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff054"><label>54</label><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff055"><label>55</label><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff056"><label>56</label><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff057"><label>57</label><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff058"><label>58</label><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff059"><label>59</label><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff060"><label>60</label><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff061"><label>61</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff062"><label>62</label><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff063"><label>63</label><addr-line>Filarete Foundation, Genomic and Bioinformatics Unit, Milano, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff064"><label>64</label><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff065"><label>65</label><addr-line>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff066"><label>66</label><addr-line>Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff067"><label>67</label><addr-line>Experimental Cardiology and laboratory of clinical chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff068"><label>68</label><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff069"><label>69</label><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff070"><label>70</label><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff071"><label>71</label><addr-line>Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff072"><label>72</label><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff073"><label>73</label><addr-line>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff074"><label>74</label><addr-line>Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff075"><label>75</label><addr-line>Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff076"><label>76</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff077"><label>77</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff078"><label>78</label><addr-line>Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff079"><label>79</label><addr-line>Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff080"><label>80</label><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff081"><label>81</label><addr-line>Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff082"><label>82</label><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff083"><label>83</label><addr-line>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff084"><label>84</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff085"><label>85</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff086"><label>86</label><addr-line>The Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff087"><label>87</label><addr-line>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff088"><label>88</label><addr-line>Center for Evidence Based Healthcare, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff089"><label>89</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff090"><label>90</label><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff091"><label>91</label><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partnersite Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff092"><label>92</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff093"><label>93</label><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff094"><label>94</label><addr-line>Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff095"><label>95</label><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff096"><label>96</label><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff097"><label>97</label><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff098"><label>98</label><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff099"><label>99</label><addr-line>National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff100"><label>100</label><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff101"><label>101</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff102"><label>102</label><addr-line>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff103"><label>103</label><addr-line>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff104"><label>104</label><addr-line>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff105"><label>105</label><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff106"><label>106</label><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff107"><label>107</label><addr-line>Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff108"><label>108</label><addr-line>University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff109"><label>109</label><addr-line>Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff110"><label>110</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff111"><label>111</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff112"><label>112</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Endocrinology, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff113"><label>113</label><addr-line>Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff114"><label>114</label><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff115"><label>115</label><addr-line>Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Boston's Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff116"><label>116</label><addr-line>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff117"><label>117</label><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff118"><label>118</label><addr-line>Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff119"><label>119</label><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff120"><label>120</label><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff121"><label>121</label><addr-line>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff122"><label>122</label><addr-line>Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff123"><label>123</label><addr-line>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff124"><label>124</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medicine, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff125"><label>125</label><addr-line>Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff126"><label>126</label><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff127"><label>127</label><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff128"><label>128</label><addr-line>Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff129"><label>129</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff130"><label>130</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff131"><label>131</label><addr-line>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff132"><label>132</label><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff133"><label>133</label><addr-line>University Rennes 1, Rennes, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff134"><label>134</label><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff135"><label>135</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The LifeLines Cohort Study, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff136"><label>136</label><addr-line>Los Angeles BioMedical Resesarch Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff137"><label>137</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff138"><label>138</label><addr-line>Universiy of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff139"><label>139</label><addr-line>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff140"><label>140</label><addr-line>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff141"><label>141</label><addr-line>Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff142"><label>142</label><addr-line>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff143"><label>143</label><addr-line>University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff144"><label>144</label><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff145"><label>145</label><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff146"><label>146</label><addr-line>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff147"><label>147</label><addr-line>Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU-University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff148"><label>148</label><addr-line>Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff149"><label>149</label><addr-line>The Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff150"><label>150</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, Pathobiochemistry, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff151"><label>151</label><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff152"><label>152</label><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff153"><label>153</label><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff154"><label>154</label><addr-line>Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff155"><label>155</label><addr-line>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff156"><label>156</label><addr-line>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff157"><label>157</label><addr-line>National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff158"><label>158</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff159"><label>159</label><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff160"><label>160</label><addr-line>Institue of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff161"><label>161</label><addr-line>QIMR Bergofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff162"><label>162</label><addr-line>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff163"><label>163</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff164"><label>164</label><addr-line>Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff165"><label>165</label><addr-line>Pathwest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia,Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff166"><label>166</label><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff167"><label>167</label><addr-line>School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff168"><label>168</label><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff169"><label>169</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff170"><label>170</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff171"><label>171</label><addr-line>Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff172"><label>172</label><addr-line>Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff173"><label>173</label><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff174"><label>174</label><addr-line>Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff175"><label>175</label><addr-line>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff176"><label>176</label><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff177"><label>177</label><addr-line>Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff178"><label>178</label><addr-line>Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff179"><label>179</label><addr-line>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff180"><label>180</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff181"><label>181</label><addr-line>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff182"><label>182</label><addr-line>Echinos Medical Centre, Echinos, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff183"><label>183</label><addr-line>Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff184"><label>184</label><addr-line>Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff185"><label>185</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine II—Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff186"><label>186</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff187"><label>187</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff188"><label>188</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff189"><label>189</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff190"><label>190</label><addr-line>Chair of Nephrology, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Segrate (Milan), Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff191"><label>191</label><addr-line>Genomics of Renal Disease and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Segrate (Milan), Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff192"><label>192</label><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff193"><label>193</label><addr-line>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff194"><label>194</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff195"><label>195</label><addr-line>Strangeways Research Laboratory Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff196"><label>196</label><addr-line>Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff197"><label>197</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff198"><label>198</label><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff199"><label>199</label><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff200"><label>200</label><addr-line>Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff201"><label>201</label><addr-line>Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff202"><label>202</label><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff203"><label>203</label><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff204"><label>204</label><addr-line>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff205"><label>205</label><addr-line>Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff206"><label>206</label><addr-line>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff207"><label>207</label><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff208"><label>208</label><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff209"><label>209</label><addr-line>Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff210"><label>210</label><addr-line>Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff211"><label>211</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff212"><label>212</label><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff213"><label>213</label><addr-line>Anogia Medical Centre, Anogia, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff214"><label>214</label><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff215"><label>215</label><addr-line>School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Québec,Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff216"><label>216</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff217"><label>217</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff218"><label>218</label><addr-line>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff219"><label>219</label><addr-line>VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff220"><label>220</label><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff221"><label>221</label><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff222"><label>222</label><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff223"><label>223</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff224"><label>224</label><addr-line>Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff225"><label>225</label><addr-line>Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff226"><label>226</label><addr-line>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff227"><label>227</label><addr-line>Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff228"><label>228</label><addr-line>Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff229"><label>229</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff230"><label>230</label><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff231"><label>231</label><addr-line>University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff232"><label>232</label><addr-line>Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Institute of Research, Segrate-Milano, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff233"><label>233</label><addr-line>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff234"><label>234</label><addr-line>Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff235"><label>235</label><addr-line>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff236"><label>236</label><addr-line>Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff237"><label>237</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff238"><label>238</label><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff239"><label>239</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff240"><label>240</label><addr-line>Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff241"><label>241</label><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff242"><label>242</label><addr-line>Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff243"><label>243</label><addr-line>Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff244"><label>244</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff245"><label>245</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff246"><label>246</label><addr-line>Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff247"><label>247</label><addr-line>Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff248"><label>248</label><addr-line>Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff249"><label>249</label><addr-line>Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff250"><label>250</label><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff251"><label>251</label><addr-line>University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff252"><label>252</label><addr-line>Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff253"><label>253</label><addr-line>Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff254"><label>254</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff255"><label>255</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff256"><label>256</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff257"><label>257</label><addr-line>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff258"><label>258</label><addr-line>Primary Health Care Unit, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff259"><label>259</label><addr-line>Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff260"><label>260</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff261"><label>261</label><addr-line>Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff262"><label>262</label><addr-line>Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff263"><label>263</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff264"><label>264</label><addr-line>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff265"><label>265</label><addr-line>HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff266"><label>266</label><addr-line>University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff267"><label>267</label><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff268"><label>268</label><addr-line>Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff269"><label>269</label><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff270"><label>270</label><addr-line>Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff271"><label>271</label><addr-line>Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff272"><label>272</label><addr-line>Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seatte, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff273"><label>273</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff274"><label>274</label><addr-line>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff275"><label>275</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff276"><label>276</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff277"><label>277</label><addr-line>BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff278"><label>278</label><addr-line>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff279"><label>279</label><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff280"><label>280</label><addr-line>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff281"><label>281</label><addr-line>R & D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff282"><label>282</label><addr-line>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff283"><label>283</label><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff284"><label>284</label><addr-line>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff285"><label>285</label><addr-line>Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff286"><label>286</label><addr-line>Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff287"><label>287</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff288"><label>288</label><addr-line>Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff289"><label>289</label><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff290"><label>290</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff291"><label>291</label><addr-line>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff292"><label>292</label><addr-line>The Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff293"><label>293</label><addr-line>The DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis Consortium</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff294"><label>294</label><addr-line>The Global Lipids Genetics Consortium</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff295"><label>295</label><addr-line>The Global Blood Pressure Genetics Consortium</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff296"><label>296</label><addr-line>The International Consortium for Blood Pressure</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff297"><label>297</label><addr-line>The Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff298"><label>298</label><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff299"><label>299</label><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff300"><label>300</label><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff301"><label>301</label><addr-line>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff302"><label>302</label><addr-line>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff303"><label>303</label><addr-line>Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff304"><label>304</label><addr-line>Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff305"><label>305</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff306"><label>306</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff307"><label>307</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff308"><label>308</label><addr-line>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff309"><label>309</label><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff310"><label>310</label><addr-line>Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff311"><label>311</label><addr-line>Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff312"><label>312</label><addr-line>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff313"><label>313</label><addr-line>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff314"><label>314</label><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Adeyemo</surname><given-names>Adebowale</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>National Institute of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, UNITED STATES</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p>I have read the journals policy and we have the following conflicts: KSte, UT, VSte and GT are employed by deCODE Genetics/Amgen inc. IB and spouse own stock in Incyte Ltd and GlaxoSmithKline. JMJ serves as consultant for Trinity Partners, Inc., Samumed, Flexion, and is deputy editor for Osteoarthritis & Cartilage and serves on board of directors of American College of Rheumatology. PV and GWa received an unresticted grant from GlaxoSmithKline to build the CoLaus study. BMP serves on the data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) for a clinical trial of a device funded by the manufacturer (Zoll LifeCor) and serves on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project funded by Johnson & Johnson.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: IBB IMH KEN RJFL TWW ZK. Performed the experiments: AEJ LBa MGr TWW ZK. Analyzed the data: AEJ LBa MGr RM TWW ZK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AEJ LBa MGr TWW ZK. Wrote the paper: AEJ IBB IMH KEN LBa MGr MFF RJFL TWW ZK. Contributed genome-wide association study results: AAH AB ACA ACHa ACHe ACS AD AEF AEJ AFW AG AGU AHa AHo AJ ÅJ AJMdC AJO AJS AKH ALJ ALMV AMa AMe APa APe APM APo ARSa ARSh ASB ASG ASt ATe ATH ATö ATr AUJ AVS AWM BAO BDM BF BL BMK BMP BOB BSt BT BWP CAB CAH CBa CBe CBo CG CHa CHe CLang CM CMG CML CMvD CO CR CSF CW CWKC DA DAB DAE DC DCR DFL DH DIB DIC DJH DPS DS EA EB EE EI EJCdG EK EM EPB ETs EV EW EZ FB FC FF FG FH FLM FRe FRiv FRiz FSC FWA GB GC GDed GDel GE GL GM GP GRA GT GWa GWi GWM HAB HAK HC HGra HGrö HH HMdR HMS HScha HSchu HSn HV HVH HWal HWat IB IBB IF IK IMH IML IMN IN IPi IPr IR IT JAS JBe JBl JCB JCC JCM JCo JCT JCz JD JDR JEH JErd JEri JFW JG JGE JH JHS JHZ JIR JJH JKr JKu JLa JLBG JLu JMJ JMV JNH JPT JROC JSB JSh JSin JSK JSP JSV JT JvS JVvVO JWJ JY KAR KBJ KEN KKO KLMoh KLMon KMR KP KSL KSte KSti KTK LAC LALMK LBa LBr LCG LCPGMdG LFe LJL LJP LK LLa LLi LLW LM LMR LMYA LPas LPat LPé LQ LS LV LYe LYu MASa MASw MBa MBl MBo MBr MCV MCZ MD MEK MEM MF MFF MGo MGP MGr MHa MHe MJ MKä MKaa MKar MLa MLL MLo MMa MMe MN MP MRh MS MSN MWald MWalk ND NE NF NGl NGM NH NHK NJW NLHC NLP NMvS NP NS NV NvdV NWR OG OPo OTR PAFM PB PBK PD PEHS PES PF PGH PH PIWdB PJvdM PK PKM PLdJ PMR PPP PS PSC PV PvdH PVG PWF RAS RJFL RL RM RNB RPS RR RTG RWW SA SB SCvD SE SG SH SHV SHW SIB SJ SJC SJK SJLB SKan SKat SKo SL SMä SRB SRW SSa SSc SSeb ST STT SWvdL TAL TBG TBH TDS TE TEG TFa TH TIAS TK TKR TL TLA TMT TQ TR TSA TT TW UG UT UV VG VLo VLy VSa VSt VV WLMA WM WRS WZ YCC YDIC YJS YLi YLu YMG YPL ZK ZW. Contributed Metabochip association study results: AB AHa AHi AL AMe ASi AW BG BOB BSe CLang CLanz DB DK EAA EE EI EM ETr FB FRe IB IMH JHZ JLi JLu JSa KB KF KGH KH KKO KL KSti KTK LLB LLH LM LYe MGo MKi MKu MMN MRi MU NGF NGr NJW NLP NN NTK OH OPe PD PF PM PWF RAS RJFL RJS RL RRM RW SA SCB SKan SL SMe TE TFa TH THS TI TJ TS TSA TWW UdF WKo WKr. Contributed SNP look-up data: AC CCW CEJ DCR GBE IPr JSim LAC NLHC RM SSen TFe VLa. Performed Study-specific GCTA analyses: ATe MGr SR TE TWW ZK. Performed study-specific quality control: AEJ JCz LBa MFF MGr RM SC TE TFa TOK TWW YLu ZK. Performed DEPICT Gene Pathway analyses: JKa JNH LFr THP. Performed IPA Gene Pathway analyses: AEJ. Performed Expression Quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses: HJW LFr RJ TE. Performed Mouse microarray expression analyses: DJC MDN. Contributed Look-up information and analyses for young adults ages 16–25 years: KEN LAC MGr PGL SIB. GIANT Steering committee: CMvD CSF DJH DPS DS EI GRA IB IBB IMH JNH JROC KEN KLMoh LCG MBo MIMC PD RCK RJFL SIB TLA UT.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" id="econtrib001"><p>‡ These authors jointly supervised this work.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" id="fn001"><p>¶ Memberships of CHARGE Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, GLGC Consortium, Global-BPGen Consortium, ICBP Consortium, MAGIC Consortium are provided in <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s047" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2 Text</xref>.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>iris.heid@klinik.uni-regensburg.de</email> (IMH); <email>kari_north@unc.edu</email> (KEN); <email>iborecki@wustl.edu</email> (IBB); <email>zoltan.kutalik@unil.ch</email> (ZK); <email>Ruth.loos@mssm.edu</email> (RJFL)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>10</issue><elocation-id>e1005378</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pgen.1005378.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to ~2.8M SNPs with BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> in four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR<5%) age-specific effects, of which 11 had larger effects in younger (<50y) than in older adults (≥50y). No sex-dependent effects were identified for BMI. For WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we identified 44 loci (27 previously established for main effects, 17 novel) with sex-specific effects, of which 28 showed larger effects in women than in men, five showed larger effects in men than in women, and 11 showed opposite effects between sexes. No age-dependent effects were identified for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. This is the first genome-wide interaction meta-analysis to report convincing evidence of age-dependent genetic effects on BMI. In addition, we confirm the sex-specificity of genetic effects on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. These results may provide further insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexually dimorphism of body shape.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="summary"><title>Author Summary</title><p>Adult body size and body shape differ substantially between men and women and change over time. More than 100 genetic variants that influence body mass index (measure of body size) or waist-to-hip ratio (measure of body shape) have been identified. While there is evidence that some genetic loci affect body shape differently in men than in women, little is known about whether genetic effects differ in older compared to younger adults, and whether such changes differ between men and women. Therefore, we conducted a systematic genome-wide search, including 114 studies (>320,000 individuals), to specifically identify genetic loci with age- and or sex-dependent effects on body size and shape. We identified 15 loci of which the effect on BMI was different in older compared to younger adults, whereas we found no evidence for loci with different effects in men compared to women. The opposite was seen for body shape as we identified 44 loci of which the effect on waist-to-hip ratio differed between men and women, but no difference between younger and older adults were observed. Our observations may provide new insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexual dimorphism of body shape.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>Funding for this study was provided by the Aarne Koskelo Foundation; the Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation; the Academy of Finland (40758, 41071, 77299, 102318, 104781, 117787, 117844, 118590, 120315, 121584, 123885, 124243, 124282, 126925, 129269, 129293, 129378, 130326, 134309, 134791, 136895, 139635, 211497, 263836, 263924, 1114194, 24300796); the Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR); the Ahokas Foundation; the ALF/LUA research grant in Gothenburg; the ALK-Abello´ A/S (Hørsholm, Denmark), Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bangs Foundation, MEKOS Laboratories Denmark; the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament); the American Heart Association (AHA; 13POST16500011); the ANR ("Agence Nationale de la 359 Recherche"); the Ark (NHMRC Enabling Facility); the Arthritis Research UK (19542, 18030); the AstraZeneca; the Augustinus Foundation; the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; 241944, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 496688, 552485, 613672, 613601 and 1011506); the Australian Research Council (ARC; DP0770096 and DP1093502); the Becket Foundation; the bi-national BMBF/ANR funded project CARDomics (01KU0908A); the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRINL; 184.021.007, CP 32); the Biocentrum Helsinki; the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation; the British Heart Foundation (RG/10/12/28456, SP/04/002); the Canadian Institutes for Health Reseaerch (FRCN-CCT-83028); the Cancer Research UK (C490/A10124, C490/A10119); the Center for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB; NWO Genomics); the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Association of Schools of Public Health (1734, S043, S3486); the Centre of Excellence Baden-Württemberg Metabolic Disorders; the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government; the Clinical Research Facility at Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust; the Contrat de Projets État-Région (CPER); the Croatian Science Council (Grant no. 8875); the CVON (GENIUS); the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; the Danish Centre for Health Technology Assessment, Novo Nordisk Inc.; the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF 1333-00124); the Danish Diabetes Association; Danish Heart Foundation; the Danish Medical Research Council; the Danish Ministry of Internal Affairs and Health; the Danish National Research Foundation; the Danish Pharmaceutical Association; Danish Pharmacists Fund; the Danish Research Council; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; the Diabetes Hilfs- und Forschungsfonds Deutschland (DHFD); the Dr. Robert Pfleger-Stiftung; the Dresden University of Technology Funding Grant, Med Drive; the Dutch Brain Foundation; the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation; the Dutch Economic Structure Enhancing Fund (FES); the Dutch Kidney Foundation; the Dutch Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports; the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs; the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; the Egmont Foundation; the Else Kröner-Fresenius Stiftung (2012_A147, P48/08//A11/08); the Emil Aaltonen Foundation; the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam; the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education (SF0180142s08); the European Commission (223004, 2004310, DGXII, FP6-EUROSPAN, FP6-EXGENESIS, FP6-LSHG-CT- 2006-018947, FP6-LSHG-CT- 2006-01947, FP6-LSHM-CT-2004-503485, FP6-LSHM-CT- 2006-037593, FP6-LSHM-CT-2007-037273, FP7-201379, FP7-201668, FP7-279143, FP7-305739, FP7-313010, FP7-ENGAGE-HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, FP7-EurHEALTHAgeing-277849, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007-201550, HEALTH-2011.2.4.2-2-EU-MASCARA, HEALTH-F2-2008-201865-GEFOS, HEALTH-F7-305507 HOMAGE, LSHM-CT-2006-037593, QLG1-CT- 2001-01252, QLG1-CT-2002-00896, QLG2-CT-2002-01254); the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Wissenschaftsoffensive TMO; the European Regional Development Fund to the Centre of Excellence in Genomics (EXCEGEN; 3.2.0304.11-0312); the European Research Council (ERC; 2011-StG-280559-SEPI, 2011-294713-EPLORE, 230374); the European Science Foundation (ESF; EU/QLRT-2001-01254); the EuroSTRESS project FP-006; the Finlands Slottery Machine Association; the Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK); the Finnish Cultural Foundation; the Finnish Diabetes Association; the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation; the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; the Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research; the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (40058/07); the Finnish Medical Society; the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture (627;2004–2011); the Finnish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (5254); the Finnish National Public Health Institute (current National Institute for Health and Welfare); the Finnish Special Governmental Subsidy for Health Sciences; the Finska Läkaresällskapet, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation; the Flemish League against Cancer, ITEA2 (project Care4Me); the Folkhälsan Research Foundation; the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) Vlaanderen; the Foundation for Life and Health in Finland; the Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) and the Stockholm County Council (560283); the G. Ph. Verhagen Foundation; the Gene-diet Interactions in Obesity' project (GENDINOB); the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN); the GENEVA Coordinating Center (U01 HG 004446); the GenomEUtwin (EU/QLRT- 2001-01254; QLG2-CT-2002-01254); the German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology (01 AK 803 A-H, 01 IG 07015 G); the German Diabetes Association; the German Ministry of Cultural Affairs; the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; 03IS2061A, 03ZIK012, 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103, 01ZZ0403); the German National Genome Research Network (NGFN-2 and NGFN-plus); the German Research Council (SFB- 1052 "Obesity mechanisms"); the Great Wine Estates of the Margaret River region of Western Australia; the Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology research grant (PENED 2003); the Gyllenberg Foundation; the Health Care Centers in Vasa, Närpes and Korsholm; the Health Fund of the Danish Health Insurance Societies; the Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health; the Helsinki University Central Hospital special government funds (EVO #TYH7215, #TKK2012005, #TYH2012209); the Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association); the Ib Henriksen Foundation; the Illinois Department of Public Health, and the Translational Genomics Research Institute; the INTERREG IV Oberrhein Program (Project A28); the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN; 09.001); the Italian Ministry of Health "targeted project" (ICS110.1/RF97.71); the Italian National Centre of Research InterOmics PB05_SP3; the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health; the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR); the Joint grant from Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania; the Juho Vainio Foundation; the Juselius Foundation (Helsinki, Finland); the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF); the KfH Stiftung Präventivmedizin e.V.; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; the Kuopio University Hospital; the Leenaards Foundation; the Leiden University Medical Center; the Liv och Hälsa; the Local Government Pensions Institution (KEVA); the Lokaal Gezondheids Overleg (LOGO) Leuven and Hageland; the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, as part of LMUinnovativ; the Lundberg Foundation; the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; the Medical Research Council (G0601966; G0700931; G0000934; G0500539; G0600705; G1002319; G0701863; PrevMetSyn/SALVE; MC_U106179471; MC_UU_12019/1); the MRC centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (MRC CAiTE); the MRC Centre for Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases; the MRC Human Genetics Unit; the Medical Research Council of Canada; the Mid-Atlantic Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (P30 DK072488); the Ministry of the Flemish Community, Brussels, Belgium (G.0881.13 and G.0880.13); the MIUR - CNR Italian Flagship Project; the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation; the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health); the Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital in Jakobstad; the Närpes Health Care Foundation; the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD); the National Cancer Institute (CA047988); the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000124); the National Center for Research Resources (U54RR020278); the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI, 1RL1MH083268-01, 5R01HL087679-02, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201200036C, HL043851, HL080467, HL087647, HL36310, HL45670, N01HC25195, N01HC55015, N01HC55016, N01HC55018, N01HC55019, N01HC55020, N01HC55021, N01HC55022, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, N02HL64278, R01HL086694, R01HL087641, R01HL087652, R01HL087676, R01HL59367, R01HL103612, R01HL105756, R01HL120393, U01HL080295); the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI, U01HG004402); the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL); the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, RP-PG-0407-10371); the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK-DRC, 1R01DK8925601, DK063491, R01DK089256, P30 DK072488); the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2007-35205-17883); the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); the National Institute on Aging (NIA; 263-MA-410953, 263-MD-821336, 263-MD-9164, AG023629, AG13196, NO1AG12109, P30AG10161, R01AG15819, R01AG17917, R01AG023629, R01AG30146); the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (5-P60-AR30701, 5-P60-AR49465-03); the National Institutes of Health (NIH; 1R01DK8925601, 1RC2MH089951, 1RC2MH089995, 1Z01HG000024, 2T32 HL 007055-36, 5R01DK075681, 5R01MH63706:02, AA014041, AA07535, AA10248, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, AG028555, AG08724, AG04563, AG10175, AG08861, DA12854, DK046200, DK091718, F32AR059469, HG002651, HHSN268200625226C, HHSN268200782096C, HL084729, MH081802, N01-AG12100, N01HG65403, R01AG011101, R01AG030146, R01D0042157-01A, R01DK062370, R01DK072193, R01DK093757, R01DK075787, R01DK075787, R01HL71981, R01MH59565, R01MH59566, R01MH59571, R01MH59586, R01MH59587, R01MH59588, R01MH60870, R01MH60879, R01MH61675, R01MH67257, R01MH81800, R01NS45012, U01066134, U01CA098233, U01DK062418, U01GM074518, U01HG004423, U01HG004436, U01HG004438, U01HL072515-06, U01HL105198, U01HL84756, U01MH79469, U01MH79470, U01NS069208-01, UL1RR025005); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical research Centre; the Netherlands Heart Foundation (2001 D 032); the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; Geestkracht program grant 10-000-1002; 050-060-810; 100-001-004; 175.010.2003.005; 175.010.2005.011; 175.010.2007.006; 261-98-710; 40-0056-98-9032; 400-05-717; 452-04-314; 452-06-004; 480-01-006; 480-04-004; 480-05-003; 480-07-001; 481-08-013; 60-60600-97-118; 904-61-090; 904-61-193; 911-03-012; 985-10-002; Addiction-31160008; GB-MW 940-38-011; SPI 56-464-14192); the Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw; 91111025); the Nordic Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics; the Nordic Centre of Excellence on Systems biology in controlled dietary interventions and cohort studies, SYSDIET (070014); the Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces (SNN); the Novo Nordisk Foundation; the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, and the Baltimore Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs; the Ollqvist Foundation; the Paavo Nurmi Foundation; the Påhlssons Foundation; the Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; the Perklén Foundation; the Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports research (108-1080315-0302); the Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark; the Research Foundation of Copenhagen County; the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015; RIDE2); the Reynold's Foundation; the Rotterdam Oncologic Thoracic Study Group, Erasmus Trust Fund, Foundation against Cancer; the Royal Swedish Academy of Science; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (NWO-RFBR 047.017.043); the Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository cooperative agreement (NIMH U24 MH068457-06); the Samfundet Folkhälsan; the Sigrid Juselius Foundation; the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospital Medical Funds (9M048, 9N035); the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; the Société Francophone du 358 Diabète (SFD); the South Tyrolean Sparkasse Foundation; the Stichting Nationale Computerfaciliteiten (National Computing Facilities Foundation, NCF); the Strategic Cardiovascular Programme of Karolinska Institutet and the Stockholm County Council (560183); the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation; the Swedish Cancer Society; the Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland; the Swedish Diabetes Association; the Swedish Diabetes Foundation (grant no. 2013-024); the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF; ICA08-0047); the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20120197); the Swedish Medical Research Council (K2007-66X-20270-01-3, 2012-1397); the Swedish Ministry for Higher Education; the Swedish Research Council (8691, M-2005-1112, 2009-2298); the Swedish Society for Medical Research; the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-143914, 3200B0105993, 3200B0-118308, 33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401); SystemsX.ch (51RTP0_151019); the Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; the TEKES (70103/06, 40058/07); the The Paul Michael Donovan Charitable Foundation; the Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation; the Umeå Medical Research Foundation; the United Kingdom NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; the Universities and Research of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, South Tyrol; the University Hospital of Regensburg (ReForM A, ReForM C); the University Hospital Oulu, Biocenter, University of Oulu, Finland (75617); the University Medical Center Groningen; the University of Groningen; the University of Maryland General Clinical Research Center (M01RR16500, AG000219); the University of Tartu (SP1GVARENG); the University of Tromsø, Norwegian Research Council (185764); the Västerbottens Intervention Programme; the Velux Foundation; the VU University Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+) and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA); the Wellcome Trust (064890, 068545/Z/02, 076113/B/04/Z, 077016/Z/05/Z, 079895, 084723/Z/08/Z, 086596/Z/08/Z, 088869/B/09/Z, 089062, 090532, 098017, 098051, 098381); the Western Australian DNA Bank (NHMRC Enabling Facility); the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (56358); and the Zorg Onderzoek Nederland-Medische Wetenschappen, KWF Kankerbestrijding, Stichting Centraal Fonds Reserves van voormalig Vrijwillige Ziekenfondsverzekeringen. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. More details of acknowledgements can be found in S2 Text.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="4"></fig-count><table-count count="3"></table-count><page-count count="42"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>The stratified genome-wide association meta-analysis results for BMI and waist-hip ratio are available from the GIANT Consortium website <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant">www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant</ext-link></meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>The stratified genome-wide association meta-analysis results for BMI and waist-hip ratio are available from the GIANT Consortium website <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant">www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant</ext-link></p></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec001"><title>Introduction</title><p>Body size and shape are independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref001" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref006" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. They change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>]. Subtle sexual dimorphisms are already apparent during early childhood, but differences become more apparent during puberty due, at least in part, to the increasing influence of sex steroid hormones [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref014" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. After puberty, sex-differences are largely maintained over the adult life-course. As women age a decline in sex steroid hormones, which coincides with menopause, affects their body shape and composition, resulting in a more android fat distribution [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref008" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref015" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. When younger, women tend towards an hourglass body shape with gynoid fat distribution, storing proportionally more fat at thighs and hip than around the waist [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref016" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref017" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]. At a later age, often after menopause, women’s fat storage shifts more upwards around the waist [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref016" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref017" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]. In men, changes in body fat distribution are subtler than in women, showing a slow but steady increase in waist circumference with age [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>]. Thus, after the menopause, the sex-differences in body shape between men and women decrease [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>].</p><p>This intricate interplay between age and sex on body size and shape is driven by underlying biological processes, involving environmental and genetic factors [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref015" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. Elucidating sex- and age-specific genetic effects on body size and shape may provide insights into the biological processes that are involved in the regulation of body weight and fat distribution.</p><p>More than 100 genetic loci have been identified for body mass index (BMI), a measure for body size, and for waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>), a measure of body shape, most of which were identified through our own work in the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]. In a recent sex-stratified genome-wide association meta-analysis (up to 133,723 individuals in discovery stage), we searched for variants with sex-specific effects on BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> and identified several loci for which the association with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> differed between men and women, whereas no such loci were observed for BMI [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. However, so far, no GWAS efforts have aimed to identify genetic loci that contribute to differences in body size and shape observed in younger versus older adults, particularly across the menopausal period in women.</p><p>We conducted a genome-wide search for loci that exhibit age- and/or sex-specific differences in BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. For this, we utilized study-specific genome-wide association statistics separately by sex and by two age groups in each of the studies participating in the GIANT consortium. The two age groups focus on those below and above 50 years of age, as this cut-off coincides with the average age at which women transition through menopause and experience changes in body fat distribution [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref020" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref025" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]. We hypothesize that genetic loci may contribute to the observed differences in body size/shape before age 50y and after age 50y, and that these differences may be sex-specific.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec002"><title>Results</title><sec id="sec003"><title>Stratified GWAS identifies age- and sex-specific loci for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></title><p>Our total sample comprised up to 320,485 adults (≥18y) of European ancestry from 114 studies with genome-wide array data imputed to the HapMap reference or genotyped Illumina Metabochip array data including up to 2.8 million autosomal variants. Details on study-specific analyses, genotyping methods and phenotypic descriptives are given in <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s017" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.s019" ref-type="supplementary-material">S3</xref> Tables</bold>. To systematically search for genetic loci that influence body size or shape in an age- and sex-specific manner, we first conducted study-specific GWA analyses for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> by four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y), and subsequently performed stratified meta-analyses (comprising up to 50,095 men ≤50y, 93,201 men >50y, 70,692 women ≤50y, and 106,497 women >50y) and derived pooled stratum-specific association results (<italic>P<sub>men≤50</sub></italic>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>men>50</italic></sub>, <italic>P<sub>women≤50</sub></italic>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>women>50</italic></sub>) for each trait. This strategy allowed us to test for three types of interactions: (1) SNPs that demonstrate age-specific effects (SNP x AGE, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub>), (2) SNPs that show sex-specific effects (SNP x SEX, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub>), and (3) SNPs that show age-specific effects that differ between men and women (SNP x AGE x SEX, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub>). We first performed genome-wide screens using an <italic>a priori</italic> filter; i.e. we examined interaction effects on SNPs that showed evidence of an overall main-effect association (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 10<sup>−5</sup>). This screen is known to have better power to identify loci with age- or sex-specific effects that are directionally concordant [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref026" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]. In a second screen, we examined interaction effects for all SNPs, irrespective of their main-effect association, which allows identification of loci with opposite effect direction in older vs younger adults or in men vs women.</p><p>As such, 15 loci with age-specific effects for BMI and 44 loci with sex-specific effects for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> reached significance after accounting for multiple testing (controlling false-discovery rate, FDR <5%) (<bold>Figs <xref rid="pgen.1005378.g001" ref-type="fig">1</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s001" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1</xref></bold>). No loci were identified with evidence for three way SNP x AGE x SEX interaction.</p><fig id="pgen.1005378.g001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.g001</object-id><label>Fig 1</label><caption><title>Interaction QQ plots.</title><p>Quantile-Quantile plots showing P-Values for age-difference (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub>, green), sex-difference (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub>, blue) and age- and sex-difference (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub>, purple). For BMI the P-Values are depicted for all SNPs genome-wide (A) as well as for a limited subset of SNPs that survived pre-filtering on the overall association with BMI, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 1x10<sup>-5</sup> (B). For WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> the P-Values are depicted for all SNPs genome-wide (C) as well as for a limited subset of SNPs that survived pre-filtering on the overall association with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 1x10<sup>-5</sup> (D).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.g001"></graphic></fig><p>In addition to the stratum-specific meta-analyses, we performed (a) a <italic>main effect</italic> meta-analysis that combined the four pooled effect estimates (one from each stratum), providing results for the <italic>overall association</italic> (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub>), assuming effects in age- and sex-groups are the same, and (b) a <italic>joint (main + interaction) meta-analysis approach</italic> (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>joint</italic></sub>) allowing for simultaneous testing of overall association, SNP-by-age and SNP-by-sex interactions [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref027" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>]. These two screens revealed 83 novel loci of which the association with BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> reached genome-wide significance (P<5x10<sup>-8</sup>) (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s002" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2 Fig</xref></bold>). This extended discovery is enabled through power augmentation achieved by simultaneously testing main and interaction effects, and/or by accounting for potentially different effects of age and sex on the respective phenotype in the four strata.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>BMI-novel loci with differential effects in younger and older individuals</title><p>Among the 15 loci with significantly different effects (at 5% FDR) on BMI in the younger versus the older individuals, four were novel (near <italic>COBLL1</italic>, <italic>DDC</italic>, <italic>SLC22A3</italic> and <italic>CBLN4)</italic> and 11 were previously established as BMI loci in large-scale <italic>main effect</italic> GWA meta-analyses (near <italic>NEGR1</italic>, <italic>TNNI3K</italic>, <italic>SEC16B</italic>, <italic>TMEM18</italic>, <italic>ADCY3</italic>, <italic>AC016194</italic>.<italic>1</italic>, <italic>TCF7L2</italic>, <italic>STK33</italic>, <italic>FTO</italic>, <italic>MC4R</italic>, <italic>APOC1)</italic> (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s003" ref-type="supplementary-material">S3 Fig</xref></bold> and <bold>Tables <xref rid="pgen.1005378.t001" ref-type="table">1</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s020" ref-type="supplementary-material">S4</xref></bold>) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref028" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>]. Eleven of the 15 age-dependent BMI loci (73%, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>binomial</italic></sub> = 0.06 for divergence from 50%) showed stronger effects in the younger than in the older group, while the four remaining loci had effects that were more pronounced in the older than in the younger group (<bold>Figs <xref rid="pgen.1005378.g002" ref-type="fig">2</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s004" ref-type="supplementary-material">S4</xref></bold>). We did not identify BMI-associated loci that showed effects in opposite direction between the younger versus the older group, nor did we find any sex-specific BMI effects. A sensitivity analysis excluding studies with self-report BMI found similar results (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s005" ref-type="supplementary-material">S5 Fig</xref></bold>).</p><fig id="pgen.1005378.g002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.g002</object-id><label>Fig 2</label><caption><title>Age-dependent BMI loci.</title><p>Effect estimates (beta ±95CI) per standard deviation in BMI and risk allele for loci showing age-differences in men & women ≤50y compared to men & women >50y. Loci are ordered by greater magnitude of effect in men & women ≤50y compared to men & women >50y. (95%CI: 95% confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation, *Newly identified loci).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.g002"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="pgen.1005378.t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Fifteen BMI loci showing significant age-differences in adults ≤50y compared to adults >50y.</title><p>The table shows the age-group specific (sex-combined) results, ordered by largest to smallest effect in adults ≤50y. All loci were detected by the screen on age-difference that included the a-priori filter on <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 10<sup>−5</sup>. The age- and sex-specific results (four strata) and more detailed information on the loci are given in <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s020" ref-type="supplementary-material">S4 Table</xref></bold>.</p></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1005378.t001g" xlink:href="pgen.1005378.t001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Age ≤ 50y</th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Age > 50y</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SNP</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Novel Locus<xref rid="t001fn002" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>a</sup></xref></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nearest Gene</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pos</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alleles<xref rid="t001fn003" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>b</sup></xref>EA/OA</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EAF</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<sub>Agediff</sub></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9936385</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FTO</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52376670</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.093</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5E-95</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115,354</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.073</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0E-97</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">197,478</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2867125</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TMEM18</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">612827</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.086</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.1E-49</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112,934</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.051</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3E-30</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">195,579</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs12955983</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MC4R</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56023969</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.068</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7E-41</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,448</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.038</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0E-23</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">196,590</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.7E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6737082</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ADCY3</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24991544</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.046</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3E-20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,191</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.4E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162,112</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.7E-05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2821248</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>NEGR1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72348148</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.042</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.4E-12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106,067</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">188,322</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.2E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1514174</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TNNI3K</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74765651</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.039</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0E-15</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,120</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">161,764</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs591120</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SEC16B</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176169376</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9E-14</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115,337</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8E-05</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">197,481</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.1E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11908421</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CBLN4</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53813074</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,575</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162,284</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4947644</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DDC</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50586370</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.030</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.7E-10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,980</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">158,555</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10840060</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>STK33</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8456621</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8E-11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110,697</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.011</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187,808</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1459180</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intergeneic</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77144822</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.1E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112,913</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">190,729</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17747324</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TCF7L2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114742493</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111,572</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6E-13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193,773</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.7E-05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3127574</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SLC22A3</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">160711360</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.9E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113,057</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">195,472</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.8E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3769885</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>COBLL1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165300636</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.001</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.1E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107,703</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192,513</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4420638</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>APOC1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50114786</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.007</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83,196</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.040</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.9E-12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152,014</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1E-07</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t001fn001"><p>Chr: Chromosome; Pos: position; EAF: Effect Allele Frequency; EA: Effect allele; OA: Other allele</p></fn><fn id="t001fn002"><p><sup>a</sup> ‘Yes’ if the locus is mentioned as BMI locus for the first time</p></fn><fn id="t001fn003"><p><sup>b</sup> Effect allele is according to the BMI increasing allele according to the associated sex.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec id="sec005"><title>WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>–additional genetic loci contribute to differences between men and women</title><p>Unlike for BMI, no WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>-associated loci with significant difference between the age-groups were observed. Yet, 44 loci showed significantly different effects on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> between women and men of which 17 loci were novel (near <italic>TTN</italic>, <italic>IRS1</italic>, <italic>CDH10</italic>, <italic>IQGAP2</italic>, <italic>SIM1</italic>, <italic>ISPD</italic>, <italic>KLF14</italic>, <italic>SGCZ</italic>, <italic>PTPRD</italic>, <italic>RXRA</italic>, <italic>GANAB</italic>, <italic>SLC2A3</italic>, <italic>LEMD3</italic>, <italic>GNPNAT1</italic>, <italic>RPS6KA5</italic>, <italic>CECR2</italic>, <italic>HMGXB4)</italic> and 27 loci had been previously established in <italic>main-effect</italic> GWA meta-analyses for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s006" ref-type="supplementary-material">S6 Fig</xref></bold> and <bold>Tables <xref rid="pgen.1005378.t002" ref-type="table">2</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s021" ref-type="supplementary-material">S5</xref></bold>). Of the 27 previously established WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci, sex-differences had already been reported for 17 loci [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref029" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>] <italic>[<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</italic>. Our genome-wide screen established sex-specific effects for an additional 10 of the previously established loci with a main-effect on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (near <italic>GORAB</italic>, <italic>LY86</italic>, <italic>ITPR2</italic>, <italic>PIGU</italic>, <italic>EYA2</italic>, <italic>KCNJ2</italic>, <italic>MEIS</italic>, <italic>EYA1</italic>, <italic>CCDC92</italic>, <italic>NSD1</italic>). Of the 44 sex-specific loci, 11 loci showed opposite effect directions in women versus men and 33 showed a significant effect in one and a smaller or no effect in the other sex. Consistent with previous observations, almost all of these 33 loci (28 out of the 33, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>binomial</italic></sub> = 3.3x10<sup>-5</sup>) showed more pronounced effects in women than in men (<bold>Figs <xref rid="pgen.1005378.g003" ref-type="fig">3</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s007" ref-type="supplementary-material">S7</xref></bold>). Again, a sensitivity analysis excluding studies with self-report waist and hip circumference found similar results (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s008" ref-type="supplementary-material">S8 Fig</xref></bold>).</p><fig id="pgen.1005378.g003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.g003</object-id><label>Fig 3</label><caption><title>Sex-dependent WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci.</title><p>Effect estimates (beta ± 95CI) per standard deviation in WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> and risk allele for loci showing sex-differences in women compared to men. Loci are ordered by greater magnitude of effect in women compared to men. (95%CI: 95% confidence interval; SD: standard deviation. *Newly identified loci. † Newly identified sex-differences)</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.g003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="pgen.1005378.t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.t002</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Forty-four WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci showing significant sex-differences.</title><p>The table shows the sex-specific (age-group combined) results, ordered by largest, positive effect in women to largest, negative effect in women. The age- and sex-specific results (four strata), more detailed information on the loci and on the screens for which they were detected are given in <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s021" ref-type="supplementary-material">S5 Table</xref></bold>.</p></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1005378.t002g" xlink:href="pgen.1005378.t002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Women</th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Men</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SNP</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NovelLocus<xref rid="t002fn002" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>a</sup></xref></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Novel Sexdiff<xref rid="t002fn003" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>b</sup></xref></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NearestGene</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pos</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alleles<xref rid="t002fn004" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>c</sup></xref>EA/OA</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EAF</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<sub>Sexdiff</sub></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2820443</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LYPLAL1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">217820132</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.063</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2E-36</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111,691</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,780</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1E-18</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs998584</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VEGFA</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43865874</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.060</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.1E-32</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109,533</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87,177</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0E-10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6717858</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>COBLL1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165247907</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.054</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7E-31</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110,110</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.009</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90,259</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2E-21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4616635</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ADAMTS9</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64677315</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.049</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0E-23</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,021</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,679</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5E-09</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2811434</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PLXND1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130822305</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.046</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.8E-14</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,914</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.005</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.7E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66,742</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0E-08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1936811</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>RSPO3</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127425553</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.043</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6E-17</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,862</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67,436</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10743579</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ITPR2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26352412</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.043</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4E-13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,035</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67,178</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6958350</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>NFE2L3</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25838458</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.038</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8E-14</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,759</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,294</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1443512</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HOXC13</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52628951</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.038</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0E-13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,486</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88,811</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7830933</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>NKX2-6</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23659269</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4E-13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,052</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.004</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,504</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8E-08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11057396</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CCDC92</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122985015</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2E-10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78,489</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53,789</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1294404</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LY86</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6680021</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.035</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0E-14</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,324</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,668</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9687846</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MAP3K1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55897651</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.035</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,005</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,710</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5E-05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6018158</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EYA2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44971841</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5E-11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,476</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67,612</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs745578</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EYA1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72628878</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,963</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67,179</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.3E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1045241</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TNFAIP8</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118757185</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8E-11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,314</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.3E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,754</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.4E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7492628</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>RPS6KA5</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90616889</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,645</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66,029</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17819328</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PPARG</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12464342</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5E-11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109,626</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88,650</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.9E-05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs12443634</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CMIP</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80081775</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,188</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.009</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66,051</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4656767</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GORAB</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">168646351</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115,682</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,023</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs13029520</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MEIS1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66626466</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86,851</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62,091</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2092029</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HMGXB4</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33982241</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4E-07</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,409</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.4E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63,601</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6971365</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>KLF14</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130083021</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,043</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.006</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,416</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9991328</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FAM13A</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89932144</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111,934</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,564</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7917772</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SFXN2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104477433</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.2E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113,982</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.0E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90,756</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2956993</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GANAB</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62162738</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9E-08</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111,837</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90,047</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs8066985</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>KCNJ2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65964940</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.4E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,268</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,518</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.0E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17185536</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SIM1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100727652</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.024</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3E-05</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88,603</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.017</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62,861</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9648211</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ISPD</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16056277</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6E-06</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,196</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.011</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67,611</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3805389</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>NMU</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56177507</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1E-06</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110,897</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.013</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88,609</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3088050</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>NSD1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176659241</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112,933</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.036</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0E-09</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,432</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6088735</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EDEM2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33209337</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,266</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.035</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9E-10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90,782</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7307410</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LEMD3</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63828845</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.005</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89,227</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0E-07</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65,085</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6088552</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PIGU</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32690152</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.007</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,320</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7E-06</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,396</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs972303</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CDH10</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24391312</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.008</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6E-01</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87,302</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9E-06</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64,371</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4898764</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GNPNAT1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52334821</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.013</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,264</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90,762</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17470444</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SGCZ</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14852373</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.014</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4E-02</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86,472</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0E-05</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61,247</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2069664</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IQGAP2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75952190</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.015</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88,448</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.1E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65,083</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.7E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs741361</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SLC2A3</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7966952</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.016</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89,766</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64,771</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.6E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2673140</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IRS1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">226868111</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.017</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,393</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.018</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,271</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2042995</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TTN</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">179266611</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.018</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66,222</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,408</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.2E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10881574</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>RXRA</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136345043</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.032</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88,999</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.045</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62,482</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7042428</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PTPRD</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8252414</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.053</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3E-03</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,878</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.073</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79,410</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17809093</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">yes</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CECR2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16370258</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4%</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.062</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67,968</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.071</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5E-04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47,894</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1E-06</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t002fn001"><p>Chr: Chromosome; Pos: position; EAF: Effect Allele Frequency; EA: Effect allele; OA: Other allele</p></fn><fn id="t002fn002"><p><sup>a</sup> ‘Yes’ if the locus is mentioned as WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> locus for the first time</p></fn><fn id="t002fn003"><p><sup>b</sup> ‘Yes’ if the sex-difference in the effect on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> is reported for the first time</p></fn><fn id="t002fn004"><p><sup>c</sup> Effect allele is according to the WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> increasing allele according to the associated sex.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec id="sec006"><title>No evidence for loci with simultaneous age- and sex-specific effects</title><p>We searched for loci with sex-specific effects on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> that differ between the two age-groups and for loci with age-specific effect on BMI that differ between men and women by testing a three-way interaction (SNP x AGE x SEX, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub>). We first tested for this three-way interaction in the 59 SNPs identified with an age-difference (15 loci for BMI) or a sex-difference (44 loci for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>), as described above. However, none of these 59 loci showed a significant three-way interaction (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub> > 0.00084 = 0.05/59, Bonferroni corrected) (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s020" ref-type="supplementary-material">S4</xref> and <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s021" ref-type="supplementary-material">S5</xref> Tables</bold>). When screening for the three-way interaction genome-wide, no such loci were identified (at 5% FDR) (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.g001" ref-type="fig">Fig 1</xref></bold>).</p></sec><sec id="sec007"><title>Detecting loci with age- or/and sex-interaction requires extremely large sample sizes</title><p>We analytically computed the statistical power of our screens to identify SNP x AGE, SNP x SEX or SNP x AGE x SEX interaction effects, assuming a total sample size of 300,000 individuals distributed across four equally sized strata and considering a range of effect size configurations informed by previous observations (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s009" ref-type="supplementary-material">S9</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s010" ref-type="supplementary-material">S10</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s011" ref-type="supplementary-material">S11</xref> Figs</bold>). For example, for a medium genetic effect on BMI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.037% as observed previously for a locus near <italic>MAP2K5 [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref028" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>]</italic>), our screens had (i) sufficient power to identify genetic loci with two-way SNP x AGE or SNP x SEX interactions (i.e. loci with effect in one stratum and not in the other, so-called <italic>pure two-way interaction</italic>, power = 86%, or loci with effect in both strata, but with opposite effect direction, power = 99%), (ii) sufficient power to detect <italic>extreme three-way interaction</italic> SNP x AGE x SEX, typically involving a biologically-unlikely scenario with opposite effect directions across both AGE and SEX (power = 99%), but (iii) insufficient power to identify loci with biologically more plausible three-way interactions (in the range of R<sup>2</sup> of 0.01–0.05%), i.e., loci that have an effect in only one stratum and not in the other three strata, <italic>1-stratum interaction</italic>, power = 2%, or those with a similar effect in three strata and not in the fourth, <italic>3-strata interaction</italic>, power = 21% (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.g004" ref-type="fig">Fig 4</xref></bold>). Identification of loci with medium 1-stratum (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.037% in one stratum and R<sup>2</sup> = 0 in the other three strata) or 3-strata (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.037% in three strata and R<sup>2</sup> = 0 in one stratum) interaction effects with a power of 80%, would require a total sample size of 750,000 or 600,000 individuals, respectively.</p><fig id="pgen.1005378.g004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.g004</object-id><label>Fig 4</label><caption><title>Power heatplots.</title><p>Power for the combination of screens and gain through a priori filtering for varying configurations of effect sizes across the 4 strata. The figures illustrate (A) the power to detect age-difference, sex-difference or age-sex-difference in at least one of our scans (on <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> and <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub>, with and without a priori filtering); and (B) a power comparison, comparing approaches with and without a priori filtering on <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 1x10<sup>-5</sup>. We here assume four equally sized strata and a total sample size of N = 300,000 (comparable to the sample size in our BMI analyses). We set b<sub>F≤50y</sub> = 0.033 (corresponding to a known and mean BMI effect in <italic>MAP2K5</italic> region with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.037%), b<sub>M>50y</sub> = 0, and vary b<sub>F>50y</sub> and b<sub>M≤50</sub> on the axes. This strategy allows us to cover the most interesting and plausible interaction effects: Two-way interactions, such as (i) pure age-difference (b<sub>≤50y</sub> = 0.033, b<sub>>50y</sub> = 0) and (ii) pure sex-difference (b<sub>F</sub> = 0.033, b<sub>M</sub> = 0); and three-way interactions, such as (iii) extreme three-way interaction with opposite direction across AGE and SEX, (iv) 1-strata interaction (b<sub>F≤50y</sub> = 0.033, b<sub>F>50y</sub> = b<sub>M≤50y</sub> = b<sub>M>50y</sub> = 0), and (v) 3-strata interaction (b<sub>F≤50y</sub> = b<sub>F>50y</sub> = b<sub>M≤50y</sub> = 0.033, b<sub>M>50y</sub> = 0).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.g004"></graphic></fig><p>Reducing the multiple testing burden by applying a filter on the overall meta-analysis to first identify SNPs with main effects (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 10<sup>−5</sup>) improved the statistical power to identify loci with specific interaction scenarios: (i) loci with pure two-way interaction effects (e.g. 30% power increase to detect SNP x AGE with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.037% and R<sup>2</sup> = 0 in the two strata), or (ii) loci with 3-strata interaction effects (e.g. 21% power increase for loci with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.037% in three strata and R<sup>2</sup> = 0 in one stratum) (<bold>Figs <xref rid="pgen.1005378.g004" ref-type="fig">4</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s009" ref-type="supplementary-material">S9</xref></bold>).</p><p>With our sample size of 300,000 subjects and equally sized strata we had 80% power to detect (i) 1-stratum interaction with R² = 0.09% in one stratum (R² = 0 in the other three strata), (ii) 3-strata interaction with R² = 0.07% in three strata (R² = 0 in one stratum), or (iii) pure two-way interaction with R² = 0.03% in one stratum (R² = 0% in the other stratum).</p><p>In summary, this analysis suggests that our study is sufficiently powered to detect even subtle two-way interaction effects, and would certainly include effect-sizes that would be considered biologically or clinically important. While even more subtle interactions may be occurring, it appears likely that in this effort, we have detected the most important age- and sex- interactions for body size and shape.</p></sec><sec id="sec008"><title>Association of identified loci with other traits</title><p>To examine whether the age- and sex-specific effects of the identified BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci translate into similar age- and sex-effects on obesity-related cardiometabolic traits, we gathered results from the ICBP, CHARGE and Global-BPGen consortia (age-specific and sex-specific effects in blood pressure) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref030" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>], Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) (sex-specific effects in lipids) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref031" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>], DIAGRAM (sex-specific effects for type 2 diabetes) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref032" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>]and MAGIC (sex-specific effects of glycemic traits, personal communication) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref033" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>](<xref rid="pgen.1005378.s022" ref-type="supplementary-material">S6</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.s026" ref-type="supplementary-material">S10</xref><bold>Tables</bold>). Only CHARGE, Global-BPGen and ICBP had previously performed GWAS searching for age-specific effects on blood pressure [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref034" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>]. None of the 15 age-specific BMI-associated loci influenced blood pressure in an age-specific manner (P<sub>SNPxAGE</sub> > 0.0033 = 0.05/15) (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s022" ref-type="supplementary-material">S6 Table</xref></bold>). Eight of the 44 sexually dimorphic WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci show directionally consistent female-specific effects in other traits (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s026" ref-type="supplementary-material">S10 Table</xref></bold>), but none attained significant sex-difference (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> > 0.0011 = 0.05/44).</p><p>In addition, we performed a systematic search in the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) GWAS Catalog (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies">www.genome.gov/gwastudies</ext-link>) to examine previously reported GWAS-associations for potential age- or sex-specificity for the loci we identified for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, respectively [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref035" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]. While no associations have been reported that corroborate the sex- or age-specificity of our findings, largely because few sex-stratified and no age-stratified genome-wide studies have been performed to date (this study is among the first ones), many main-effect associations with a wide range of traits and disease have been reported for our age- or sex-specific BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s027" ref-type="supplementary-material">S11</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s028" ref-type="supplementary-material">S12</xref> Tables</bold>). For example, the four loci that showed a larger effect in the older group are known for their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D, near <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>COBLL1</italic>) or with coronary artery disease (CAD, near <italic>SLC22A3</italic> and <italic>APOC1</italic>). The fact that disease status may correlate both with age and obesity traits may confound our age- or sex-specific findings. To reduce this possibility we repeated the meta-analyses restricted to population-based samples (excluding all case-control studies) and observed similar effect sizes compared to the original meta-analysis (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s029" ref-type="supplementary-material">S13</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s030" ref-type="supplementary-material">S14</xref> Tables</bold>).</p></sec><sec id="sec009"><title>Age-specific effects of BMI loci extend across the life course</title><p>We then examined whether the age-specific effects of the 15 BMI loci extend to younger ages and across the life course by performing look-ups in (i) a GWAS for birth weight [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref036" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>] and for childhood obesity [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref037" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>] from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, (ii) a GWAS for BMI of individuals aged 16–25 years [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref038" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>], and (iii) a GWAS for weight change during adulthood (personal communication).</p><p>We found no evidence of association with <italic>birth weight</italic> (N = 26,836) for any of our 15 age-dependent BMI-associated loci (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s031" ref-type="supplementary-material">S15 Table</xref></bold>) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref036" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]. In contrast, we observed nominal significant associations with risk of <italic>childhood obesity</italic> (N = 13,648) for 10 of the 11 variants with stronger effect on BMI in the younger adults (<bold>Tables <xref rid="pgen.1005378.t003" ref-type="table">3</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s032" ref-type="supplementary-material">S16</xref></bold>). The four loci that only showed association with BMI in the older adults were not associated with childhood obesity risk (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s032" ref-type="supplementary-material">S16 Table</xref></bold>) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref037" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="pgen.1005378.t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.t003</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Enrichment analyses using look-up data for the 15 age-group specific BMI loci.</title><p>The look-up data is taken from the EGG consortium for birth weight and for childhood obesity, and from personal communication for weight change trajectories. More details including SNP specific effect sizes or odds ratios and association P-Values on the look-up trait can be found in <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s031" ref-type="supplementary-material">S15 Table</xref></bold> (for birth weight), <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s032" ref-type="supplementary-material">S16 Table</xref></bold> (for childhood obesity) and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s034" ref-type="supplementary-material">S18 Table</xref></bold> (for weight change).</p></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1005378.t003g" xlink:href="pgen.1005378.t003"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Look-up data set</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sample size</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#SNPs tested</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#SNPs concordant with the ≤50y vs >50y association pattern</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic><sub><italic>binomial</italic></sub><xref rid="t003fn001" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>a</sup></xref></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loci with expected association pattern</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Birth weight</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26,836</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0<xref rid="t003fn002" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>b</sup></xref></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>0.99</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Childhood obesity</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,648</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10<xref rid="t003fn002" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>b</sup></xref></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 x 10<sup>−15</sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FTO</italic>, <italic>TMEM18</italic>, <italic>MC4R</italic>, <italic>ADCY3</italic>, <italic>NEGR1</italic>, <italic>TNNI3K</italic>, <italic>SEC16B</italic>, <italic>CBLN4</italic>, <italic>DDC</italic>, <italic>STK33</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16–25y age-group</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29,880</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9<xref rid="t003fn002" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>b</sup></xref></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0 x 10<sup>−13</sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FTO</italic>, <italic>TMEM18</italic>, <italic>MC4R</italic>, <italic>ADCY3</italic>, <italic>NEGR1</italic>, <italic>TNNI3K</italic>, <italic>SEC16B</italic>, <italic>CBLN4</italic>, <italic>Intergeneic</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Weight change</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39,041</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5<xref rid="t003fn003" ref-type="table-fn"><sup>c</sup></xref></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4 x 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FTO</italic>, <italic>STK33</italic>, <italic>TCF7L2</italic>, <italic>SLC22A3</italic>, <italic>APOC1</italic></td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t003fn001"><p><sup>a</sup> One-sided binomial P-values that test for enrichment of nominal significant and directionally consistent association in the look-up data.</p></fn><fn id="t003fn002"><p><sup>b</sup> For the BMI increasing alleles of the 11 SNPs with stronger effect on BMI in ≤50y, we expect to see a nominal significant association with increased birth weight, increased risk for childhood obesity and increased BMI in the 16–25y age-group.</p></fn><fn id="t003fn003"><p><sup>c</sup> For the BMI increasing alleles of the 11 SNPs with stronger effect on BMI in ≤50y, we expect to see a nominal significant association with negative effect on weight change (weight loss), and for the BMI increasing alleles of the four SNPs with stronger effect on BMI in >50y, we expect to see a nominal significant association with positive effect on weight change (weight gain) (see <xref rid="sec017" ref-type="sec">Methods</xref> for details).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><p>Furthermore, nine of the 11 variants with stronger effect on BMI in the younger adults (18-50y) showed directionally consistent association with increased BMI in the youngest <italic>16–25y age-group</italic> (N = 29,880, <bold>Tables <xref rid="pgen.1005378.t003" ref-type="table">3</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s033" ref-type="supplementary-material">S17</xref></bold>). A more detailed experimental examination of effect sizes across the three age-groups did not reveal significant trends (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s012" ref-type="supplementary-material">S12 Fig</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s033" ref-type="supplementary-material">S17</xref> Table,</bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s046" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1 Text</xref></bold>).</p><p>Finally, we speculated that a higher genetic BMI effect in the younger adults would translate into weight loss and a higher genetic BMI effect in the older adults would translate into weight gain with increasing age (<bold>Methods</bold>). Five of the 15 loci with age-specific effects on BMI showed a nominal significant association accompanied by the hypothesized direction on <italic>weight change</italic> (N = 39,041, <bold>Tables <xref rid="pgen.1005378.t003" ref-type="table">3</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s034" ref-type="supplementary-material">S18</xref></bold>).</p><p>In summary, the age-dependency of the 15 loci is supported by directionally consistent enrichment of nominal significant associations (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) with <italic>childhood obesity</italic>, with BMI in the <italic>16–25y age-group</italic> and with <italic>weight changes</italic> across adulthood (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Binomial</italic></sub> ranging from 2.4 x 10<sup>−5</sup> to 1.0 x 10<sup>−15</sup>, <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.t003" ref-type="table">Table 3</xref></bold>).</p></sec><sec id="sec010"><title>eQTL analysis</title><sec id="sec011"><title>eQTLs in humans</title><p>We performed sex-specific <italic>cis</italic> eQTL analyses in lymphoblastoid cell lines of the combined Groningen and EGCUT studies (1,450 men and 910 women) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref039" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref040" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>] for the 44 SNPs showing sex-specific effects for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> to determine whether there is evidence to support sex-specific regulatory effects of the index variants on adjacent gene expression. Two SNP-gene associations displayed significant differences in genetic effects on expression between men and women (FDR(<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Sexdiff</italic></sub>) < 5% with and without initial filtering on overall expression effects):rs6088552–<italic>ACSS2</italic> and rs6088735–<italic>MYH7B</italic> (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s035" ref-type="supplementary-material">S19 Table</xref></bold>). While both SNPs were associated with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> in men-only (and no effect in women), the first SNP showed no effect on gene expression in men but was associated with gene expression in women, and the second SNP rs6088735 was associated with gene expression in both sexes, but higher in men and lower in women. The two loci were located at only 519kb from each other (rs6088552 near <italic>PIGU</italic>, rs6088735 near <italic>EDEM2</italic>, at chr20:33-34Mb, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.07), each showing independent sex-specific associations with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> and each also showing independent sex-specific association with the expression of two different genes (<italic>ACSS2</italic> and <italic>MYH7B</italic>, respectively) (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s013" ref-type="supplementary-material">S13 Fig</xref>).</bold><italic>ACSS2</italic> (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2) is a cytosolic enzyme, transcribed by SREB-proteins, that catalyzes the production of acetyl-CoA for use in both lipid synthesis and energy generation acids [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref041" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]. <italic>MYH7B</italic> (myosin, heavy chain 7B, cardiac muscle, beta) encodes a heavy chain subunit for slow-twitch myosin, largely expressed in heart and skeletal muscle tissue, and is involved in ATP-hydrolysis.</p><p>Age-stratified analysis were not performed for EGCUT as the study participants were relatively young (mean age: 37y), with too few individuals in the >50y age-group. Instead, we examined association between the 15 age-specific loci and gene expression using data from 3,489 unrelated individuals (N = 2,531 for <50y, N = 958 for ≥50y) from the NESDA and NTR cohorts [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref042" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref043" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>]. No SNP showed a significant age-specific effect on gene expression (FDR(<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub><italic>)</italic> > 5% for all SNP-gene expression combinations).</p></sec><sec id="sec012"><title>eQTLs in mice</title><p>We compared expression of genes harboured by the identified loci in inguinal and gonadal fat in age-matched male, female or ovariectomized female (OVX) C57/BL6 mice maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref044" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>].</p><p>For genes located in the 15 age-specific BMI-associated loci, we compared expression in OVX female mice with the expression in the other male and female mice, but no differences in gene expression were observed.</p><p>For genes located in the 44 sex-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>-associated loci, we compared expression in female mice (OVX and non-OVX) with the expression in male mice. The expression of two genes reached significance (<italic>P</italic> < 6.4x10<sup>-4</sup> = 0.05/(39 x 2)), corrected for testing 39 genes with homologous regions, and two tissues). The expression of <italic>IQGAP2</italic>, which regulates cell adhesion and motility, (rs2069664) was higher (<italic>P</italic> = 2.3x10<sup>-7</sup>) in gonadal fat tissue of male compared to female mice, whereas the expression of <italic>TP53INP2</italic>, a co-factor for the thyroid hormone receptor, (rs6088552) was higher (<italic>P</italic> = 2.3x10<sup>-6</sup>) in inguinal fat tissue of male compared to female mice. <italic>TP53INP2</italic> is located in the same chromosomal region for which we found evidence for sex-specific associations with the expression of <italic>ACSS2</italic> and <italic>MYH7B</italic> in humans. Interestingly, Tp53inp2 has also been named the DOR (Diabetes and Obesity Related) gene, as its expression is substantially reduced in skeletal muscle of obese diabetic fa/fa Zucker rats [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref045" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>]. Muscle-specific overexpression of Tp53inp2 in mice leads to reduced muscle mass, whereas a deletion leads to muscle hypertrophy [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref046" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>]. <italic>TP53INP2</italic> expression was markedly reduced in muscle from individuals with type 2 diabetes and in rodent diabetes models [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref046" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>].</p></sec></sec><sec id="sec013"><title>Pathway analyses</title><p>We applied pathway analyses to gain insight into mechanisms that might be involved in the age- and sex-specific difference in body size and body shape. We assumed that loci even with moderate evidence for age- or sex-difference for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, respectively, are enriched for genes that contribute to the age-specific BMI association or sex-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> association (<bold>Methods</bold>). We used the DEPICT software to perform gene set enrichment and gene expression analyses [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref047" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>] (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s036" ref-type="supplementary-material">S20</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s037" ref-type="supplementary-material">S21</xref> Tables</bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s046" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1 Text</xref></bold>), and QIAGEN’s Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA, QIAGEN Redwood City, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.qiagen.com/ingenuity">www.qiagen.com/ingenuity</ext-link>) tool for pathway analysis and functional annotation (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s038" ref-type="supplementary-material">S22</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.s042" ref-type="supplementary-material">S26</xref> Tables</bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s046" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1 Text</xref></bold>). Both the DEPICT and the IPA analyses identify the possible influence of sex-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci in androgen biosynthesis, a hormone known to decrease the storage of lipids in adipose tissue [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref048" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>]. Additionally, PPARα/RXRα activation, the most significant canonical pathway for loci with a greater effect on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> in women, may be inhibited in the presence of estrogen, thus decreasing the breakdown of lipids through competitive receptor binding [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref049" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>]. To fully understand the possible age- and sex- specific regulatory effects these identified genes may have in the identified pathways, gene sets, and biological functions, further analyses are needed.</p></sec><sec id="sec014"><title>Heritability and explained variance analyses</title><p>To assess whether the age-group differences observed for BMI and the sex-differences observed for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> extend to the contribution of all 2.5M variants (narrow-sense heritability), we calculated heritability using the GCTA method [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref050" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>] in several large studies (N = up to 29,232 individuals) for all, for women and men, for the younger and older adult groups. The variance explained by the 2.5M variants was 21% for BMI and 10% for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, with no significant difference between age groups for BMI (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub> = 0.19) or between men and women for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> = 0.48) (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s043" ref-type="supplementary-material">S27 Table</xref></bold>).</p><p>To further investigate differences between subgroups, we calculated the variance explained in the discovery data set for subsets of SNPs based on varying thresholds of overall association on BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s014" ref-type="supplementary-material">S14 Fig</xref></bold>). When we included only SNPs that reached genome-wide significance for BMI (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 5x10<sup>-8</sup>), the variance explained in the younger adults (3.4%) was significantly larger than in the older (2.45%) adults. As we increased the significance threshold and included more SNPs with less significant overall association, the difference between the two age groups reduced and became non-significant once SNPs with a <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> > 3x10<sup>-5</sup> were included. We observed similar significant differences in explained variance for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> between men and women, with the most pronounced difference for genome-wide significant SNPs (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 5x10<sup>-8</sup>, women 1.60%; men: 0.70%) that reduced and became non-significant for SNPs with a <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> > 1x10<sup>-5</sup>. Consistent with the observed interactions, we found no difference in explained variance between men and women for BMI or between the younger and the older group for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> at any <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> cut-off (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s014" ref-type="supplementary-material">S14 Fig</xref></bold>).</p><p>Family-based heritability estimates, from the Family Heart Study (N = 1,810, 454 families), showed similar (but non-significant) trends for younger versus older adults for BMI (60% vs 45%, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub> = 0.24), for women and men for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (43% vs 38%, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> = 0.68) (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s043" ref-type="supplementary-material">S27 Table</xref></bold>).</p><p>Collectively, these observations are consistent with the results of our genome-wide search, showing that genetic variants contribute more to BMI variation in younger than in older adults and more to WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> variation in women than in men. These differences are most pronounced when we test genome-wide significant SNPs only, while differences are minimized as more SNPs with weaker associations are included.</p></sec><sec id="sec015"><title>Joint testing of main- and interaction effects yield novel loci for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></title><p>Our stratified analysis approach also offered an opportunity for discovery of novel variants influencing BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> by (i) using a joint 4df test of the main SNP effect in the presence of interaction [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref027" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>] and (ii) by overall meta-analysis of the 4 strata. Both approaches increase statistical power to detect a main effect if there is evidence of heterogeneity across the strata. Of the 164 loci that reached genome-wide significance for BMI (P < 5x10<sup>-8</sup>), 73 are novel (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s044" ref-type="supplementary-material">S28 Table</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s001" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s002" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s015" ref-type="supplementary-material">S15</xref> Figs</bold>). Of the 73 loci, 45 were only identified in the overall test and 26 were identified in both tests. The remaining two loci were only identified in the joint test and either displayed evidence for difference between men and women (near <italic>CXXC5</italic>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> = 2.7x10<sup>-5</sup>) or between age-groups (near <italic>DDC</italic>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub> = 6.2x10<sup>-4</sup><italic>)</italic> suggesting that its identification may have been aided by allowing for interaction. We identified 53 loci with significant associations with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, of which 10 were novel (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s045" ref-type="supplementary-material">S29 Table</xref> and <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s001" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s002" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s016" ref-type="supplementary-material">S16</xref> Figs</bold>). It can be speculated that the yield of novel SNP associations for BMI was greater than that of WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, because age-dependent effects have not been sought systematically before, whereas sex-specific screens have been performed previously [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>].</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec016"><title>Discussion</title><p>Our genome-wide search for age- and sex-specific loci in up to 320,485 adults of European ancestry identified 15 loci that were associated with BMI in an age-dependent manner, with predominantly larger effects in the younger than in the older adults. Notably, despite sufficient statistical power, we did not identify BMI-associated loci with sex-dependent effects. The largest association study on BMI <italic>[<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]</italic> identified two SNPs with different impact on BMI in men and women: rs543874 (<italic>SEC16B</italic>) and rs6091540 (<italic>ZFP64</italic>). While these SNPs show more modest trends towards sex-different effect (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> = 2.4x10<sup>-4</sup> and 1.3x10<sup>-4</sup>, respectively) in our study, they were not picked up by our analysis due to the different pre-filtering strategy. In contrast to BMI and consistent with previous observations for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we identified 44 WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> associated loci with sex-specific effects of which the majority have a larger effect in women compared with men. No age-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci were discovered.</p><p>Our work is the first large-scale genome-wide association study to interrogate the influence of both age and sex, simultaneously, on genetic effects for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. While our meta-analysis had sufficient power to identify SNP-by-age or SNP-by-sex interactions, we only discovered loci influenced by age for BMI. Studies that followed up on previously established BMI loci in longitudinal and cross-sectional designs support our findings regarding the age-dependency of the majority of these loci [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref038" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref051" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref057" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>]. Indeed, for 11 of the 15 loci identified in our study, the effect on BMI was 1.5 to 3.5 times smaller in the older adults than in the younger adults, which may reflect a greater culmination of environmental and lifestyle factors on adiposity in older adults that overwhelm the genetic effects. While none of these loci were associated with birth weight, all—but one—were nominally associated with increased risk of childhood obesity. Results from a GWAS on BMI in 16-to-25 year-olds [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref058" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>] provide preliminary evidence that some loci exert their largest effects relatively early in life, whereas others become more pronounced in young adulthood. Notwithstanding the predominance of BMI loci with larger genetic effects in younger individuals we identified four loci with stronger genetic effects in older adults. Interestingly, these four loci have been previously associated with either type 2 diabetes [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref032" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>] or coronary artery disease [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref059" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>]. Sensitivity analyses precluded potential ascertainment bias introduced by disease studies in the older group. These loci may influence BMI through mechanisms that are distinct from other BMI-associated loci; mechanisms that may be more closely related to processes more directly involved in the pathogenesis obesity-related diseases. Furthermore, the directional consistent genetic effects of our loci on weight change during adult life from longitudinal studies supports our finding.</p><p>Indeed, the stratification into age-groups may introduce a cohort effect that implies a different genetic or environmental make-up of cohorts with older <italic>vs</italic> younger adults. For example, the obesogenic environment that has fueled the obesity epidemic that westernized societies have experienced during the past 30 years may have affected older individuals differently than younger individuals. To examine the contribution of such cohort effects and to obtain more accurate age-dependent effect estimates, large-scale genetic longitudinal studies would be required that measure BMI at multiple time points with individuals born across a wide range of birth years.</p><p>While our study provides some first insights into age-dependent genetic effects, in particular before and after menopause, more data from larger studies with longitudinal data spanning from childhood through late adulthood are desirable to accurately assess the influence of these loci on BMI across the life course. Indeed, identifying the time of life when variants affect body weight the most may help us determine the mechanisms of their influence on body weight and potential for intervention.</p><p>In contrast to the observations for BMI, our genome-wide interaction analyses did not identify loci with age-dependent effects for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> but there was strong novel evidence for sex-influenced effects in 44 loci. For 27 of the 44 loci, the sexual dimorphism is reported for the first time, with 17 being completely novel associations for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. Due to increased sample size and optimized SNP selection approaches, we more than doubled the number of loci with established sex-difference for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref029" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]. The 44 loci divide into 11 loci with opposite effects between men and women, 28 loci with a stronger effect in women and five loci with a stronger effect in men. This is the first report to highlight loci with opposite effects and the enrichment of women-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> associations is consistent with previous findings.</p><p>We examined whether the sex-dependent effects on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> were mediated through sex-specific effects on the expression of genes located within these loci, using data available from eQTL analyses in humans and mice. Of particular interest is a region at chromosome 20q11.22 in which two independent WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> lead SNPs near <italic>PIGU</italic> and near <italic>EDEM2</italic> showed independent sex-specific associations with the expression of <italic>ACSS2</italic> and <italic>MYH7B</italic>, respectively, in humans. While we found no direct evidence of sex-specific action of <italic>ACSS2</italic> or <italic>MYH7B</italic>, based on current knowledge, both proteins seem to be involved in peripheral energy metabolism. In addition, we observed that the expression of Tp53inp2 (Tumor Protein 53 Inducible Nuclear Protein 2), of which the human TP53INP2 ortholog is also located in the <italic>PIGU</italic> locus, had significantly higher expression levels in the inguinal fat of male than female mice. This observation is consistent with a previous study, showing that Tp53inp2 expression in white adipose tissue is significantly higher in male than in female mice [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref060" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]. The authors speculated that this sex-specificity might be due to differences is fat distribution with females storing proportionally more fat in subcutaneous/inguinal and males more in intra-abdominal depots [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref060" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]. Taken together, the sex-specific association with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> of two independent loci at chr20q11.22 may be mediated through any or all three genes for which we found sex-specific expression. While all three genes are good candidates, experimental follow up will be needed to pinpoint the causal gene(s) and to elucidate the function and sex-specificity.</p><p>Our broad-sense (family-based analyses) or narrow-sense (GCTA including all 2.5M variants) heritability estimates showed no difference in explained variance between men or women, or between younger and older adults for either outcome. However, when considering subsets of variants displaying overall significant associations (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> < 1x10<sup>-5</sup>), we observed a significant difference between age- but not sex- groups for BMI, with a larger explained variance among the younger than the older adults, and between sex- but not age groups for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, with a larger explained variance in women than in men. These observations further corroborate the predominance of age-dependent loci for BMI and sex-dependent loci for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> identified through a genome-wide screen.</p><p>Even though our study is likely the largest GxE and the first GxE<sub>1</sub>xE<sub>2</sub> interaction GWAS meta-analysis ever conducted, we did not detect loci with sex-specific effects for BMI (SNP x SEX), age-specific effects for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (SNP x AGE) or three-way interactions effects (SNP x AGE x SEX). Three-way interactions are biologically plausible when considering that sex-specific effects might be exerted through hormones and that the hormonal status particularly of women changes at menopause (i.e., around the age of 50 years). This would result in a 1-stratum interaction (i.e., genetic effect only present in younger women) or a 3-strata interaction (i.e., genetic effect present in all but in younger women). While our study had sufficient power (power > 80%) to identify any kind of two-way interaction (SNP x SEX or SNP x AGE) even for effects as small as those observed for established BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci, our power was limited specifically for the biologically plausible three-way effects (1-stratum or 3-strata-interaction). To detect subtle effects appearing in only one of the four strata will require specialized study designs or alternative approaches. We provide a detailed analytical perspective on the power to detect different interaction signals that may inform other studies aiming at detecting interaction effects.</p><p>We acknowledge that our power estimations are expressed as a function of previously observed explained variances, incorporating measurement error. As measurement error increases, the variance of the phenotype increases and—because the genetic effect is not affected—the explained variance of the genetic variants decreases. While a random measurement error in the dependent variable of a linear regression model would not lead to a biased effect size estimate, such an error would increase the standard errors of the effect size estimates compared to a measurement error free outcome. Under the alternative hypothesis, this results in smaller statistical power. This would imply, for our analysis, that we have potentially missed some true associations, which could have been detected with smaller measurement error.</p><p>With the growing sample-size and thus statistical power, measurement error is often larger than the variant-wise effect size estimate for many human traits currently under investigation in large-scale GWAS. Thus, an individual variant’s effect may not have clinical significance by itself in predictive models. However, its ultimate significance should be evaluated in the context of the biological mechanism it reveals along with other discovered variants, and the potential of such a mechanism as a therapeutic target; this is yet to be determined. In order to discover more disease-associated genetic variants, reducing measurement error by repeated and/or more accurate measurements is a viable alternative to only increasing sample size–especially when the measurement error relative to the outcome variability is high.</p><p>For technical reasons, variants on the X-chromosome were not screened. Yet, an interesting hypothesis is that sex-linked variants contribute to a sex-dependent architecture of body size and shape, both of which exhibit obvious sexual dimorphism. These analytic challenges are being addressed currently, and exploration of X-linked variation is warranted. Further, we have included only individuals of European-ancestry and thus cannot report on the generalizability of our findings to other race or ethnic groups. While we examined age-dependent effects by binning individuals below and above age 50 years—an average age of menopause—it is possible that modeling of age as a continuous trait might have had superior power. This approach poses more complex harmonization issues that should be addressed in a follow-up study. In addition, we recognize that environmental modifiers may further influence the effect of trait-related loci, and that some of the interactions we identified may be proxies for interactions with other environmental factors that are correlated with either age or sex.</p><p>In summary, our findings further distinguish the genetics of BMI from the genetics of WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. Previously described aspects of distinction include the enrichment of neural pathways versus insulin-related pathways and sexual consistency versus sexual dimorphism, respectively [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref061" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref062" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>]. Our findings suggest that genetic BMI effects can change by age possibly depicting different mechanisms of genetic BMI effects that either increase or decrease during adult age. The knowledge of such mechanisms might guide the development of more effective intervention programs that are desperately sought after.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec017"><title>Methods</title><sec id="sec018"><title>Anthropometric phenotypes</title><p>The anthropometric traits examined are body mass index (BMI, kg/m²), which is a measure of body mass and a surrogate for total body fat, and waist-to-hip-ratio adjusted for BMI (WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>), which is a measure of body fat distribution. Traits were transformed before analyses; we first created age- (and BMI) adjusted residuals (including age and age² into the regression for BMI, and additionally BMI for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>) for each of the four strata separately (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, and women >50y) and subsequently applied an inverse normal transformation.</p></sec><sec id="sec019"><title>Study-specific analyses</title><p>We included up to 92 studies (totalling up to 21,989 men ≤50y, 74,324 men >50y, 41,386 women ≤50y, and 88,625 women >50y) with genome-wide genotyping chip data using either Affymetrix or Illumina arrays. To enable meta-analyses across different SNP panels, each study group performed genotype imputation using HapMap II CEU (build 21 or 22) via MACH [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref063" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>], IMPUTE [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref064" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>] or BimBam [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref065" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>] yielding ~2.8 Million SNPs. In addition, we included 22 studies (up to 28,106, 18,877, 29,306, 17,872 individuals for each of the strata, respectively) for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> that were genotyped using the custom iSELECT Metabochip array containing ~195K SNPs designed to support large-scale follow-up of putative associations with metabolic and cardiovascular traits [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref066" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>].</p><p>In each study, SNP associations were tested separately by age-group and sex (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y and women >50y) for autosomal variants. The additive genetic effect for each SNP on each phenotype was estimated via linear regression using MACH2QTL [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref067" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>], SNPTEST [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref064" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>], ProbABEL [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref068" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>], GenABEL [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref069" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>], Merlin [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref070" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>], PLINK [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref071" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>] or QUICKTEST [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref072" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>]. For studies with a case-control design, cases and controls were analysed separately. See <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s017" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s018" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s019" ref-type="supplementary-material">S3</xref> Tables</bold> for study specific genotyping, imputation, analysis, quality control and phenotypic descriptive information. In total we gathered association data from up to 92 studies with imputed GWAS data and 22 studies genotyped on the Metabochip array for BMI including up to 320,485 individuals and 64 studies with imputed GWAS data and 20 studies genotyped on the Metabochip array for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> including up to 216,654 individuals.</p><p>All studies were conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. The studies were approved by the local Review Boards and all study participants provided written informed consent for the collection of samples and subsequent analysis.</p></sec><sec id="sec020"><title>Quality control of study-specific aggregated data</title><p>All study-specific files were processed in the meta-analysis centers through a standardized quality-control (QC) pipeline [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref073" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>]. This involved QC checks on file completeness, range of test statistics, allele frequencies, trait transformation and population stratification as well as filtering on low quality data. Briefly, we excluded monomorphic SNPs, SNPs with MAF*N ≤ 3 (minor allele frequency multiplied by sample size), imputed SNPs with poor imputation quality: r2_hat < 0.3 in MACH, observed/expected dosage variance < 0.3 in BIMBAM, proper_info < 0.4 in IMPUTE, information < 0.8 in PLINK [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref064" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref065" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref067" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref071" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>]; genotyped SNPs with low call-rate (< 95%), and genotyped SNPs that were out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE, P-Value testing for HWE < 10<sup>−5</sup>). To increase the overlap in the number of SNPs between imputed GWAS and MetaboChip data, we transferred all SNP identifiers to unique SNP names consisting of chromosomal and base position, e.g. using chr1:217820132 instead of rs2820443 in the meta-analysis. Sex- and age-specific standard errors and P-values from each participating study were genomic-control (GC) corrected using study- and strata-specific lambda factors [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref074" ref-type="bibr">74</xref>], whereas the lambdas were estimated from all genome-wide available SNPs for imputed GWAS and form a subset of 4,427 QT-interval SNPs for MetaboChip studies.</p></sec><sec id="sec021"><title>The meta-analyses</title><p>Generally, beta-estimates and standard errors were meta-analyzed using an inverse-variance weighted fixed effect model as implemented in METAL [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref075" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>].</p><p>We meta-analyzed effect estimates and standard errors from all available studies in each of the four strata separately, yielding <italic>b</italic><sub><italic>M</italic>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub>, <italic>b</italic><sub><italic>M</italic>>50<italic>y</italic></sub>, <italic>b</italic><sub><italic>F</italic>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub>, <italic>b</italic><sub><italic>F</italic>>50<italic>y</italic></sub> and <italic>SE</italic><sub><italic>M</italic>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub>, <italic>SE</italic><sub><italic>M</italic>>50<italic>y</italic></sub>, <italic>SE</italic><sub><italic>F</italic>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub>, <italic>SE</italic><sub><italic>F</italic>>50<italic>y</italic></sub>. By meta-analyzing <italic>b</italic><sub><italic>M</italic>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub> and <italic>b</italic><sub><italic>M</italic>>50<italic>y</italic></sub> we obtained the effect and standard error for men (<italic>b</italic><sub><italic>M</italic></sub>,<italic>SE</italic><sub><italic>M</italic></sub>) and women (<italic>b</italic><sub><italic>F</italic></sub>,<italic>SE</italic><sub><italic>F</italic></sub>). Similar meta-analyses yielded the age group-specific association statistics, <italic>b</italic><sub>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub> and <italic>b</italic><sub>>50<italic>y</italic></sub> with standard errors <italic>SE</italic><sub>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub> and <italic>SE</italic><sub>>50<italic>y</italic></sub>. Meta-analysis of all four strata provided the overall association effect estimate <italic>b</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub>, standard error <italic>SE</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub>, and P-value <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub>. A joint meta-analysis based on the pooled stratum-specific estimates was performed according to Aschard et al [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref027" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>].</p><p>After the meta-analyses, we performed an additional quality control step on the meta-analytic results: We only included SNPs (i) being available in at least half of the maximum sample size in all strata; and (ii) having chromosome and position annotation in dbSNP.</p></sec><sec id="sec022"><title>Genome-wide screening approaches to detect interaction effects</title><p>Our study aimed at discovering SNPs with (1) <bold><italic>age-different</italic></bold> effects, (2) <bold><italic>sex-different</italic></bold> effects, and (3) <bold><italic>age-dependent sex-different</italic></bold> effects or <bold><italic>sex-dependent age-different</italic></bold> effects.</p><p>To find <italic>age-different</italic> genetic effects, we computed age-difference P-values (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub>) by testing for difference between the age group-specific meta-analyzed beta-estimates <italic>b</italic><sub>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub> and <italic>b</italic><sub>>50<italic>y</italic></sub> using
<disp-formula id="pgen.1005378.e001"><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.e001.jpg" id="pgen.1005378.e001g" position="anchor" mimetype="image" orientation="portrait"></graphic><mml:math id="M1"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>.</mml:mo></mml:math></alternatives></disp-formula></p><p>The correlation <italic>r</italic><sub><italic>age</italic></sub> between <italic>b</italic><sub>≤50<italic>y</italic></sub> and <italic>b</italic><sub>>50<italic>y</italic></sub> computed as the Spearman rank correlation coefficient across all SNPs for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> was 0.123 and 0.049, respectively. The analogous test statistic for <italic>sex-different</italic> effects was
<disp-formula id="pgen.1005378.e002"><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.e002.jpg" id="pgen.1005378.e002g" position="anchor" mimetype="image" orientation="portrait"></graphic><mml:math id="M2"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:math></alternatives></disp-formula>with corresponding P-value (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub>). The Spearman correlation <italic>r</italic><sub><italic>sex</italic></sub> was 0.121 or 0.047 for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, respectively.</p><p>To test for the three-way interaction of age- and sex-differences, we introduced for the first time a test of difference between age groups in the sex-difference, which is mathematical equivalent to a test of difference between sexes in the age group-difference using the age-sex-difference statistic as
<disp-formula id="pgen.1005378.e003"><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.e003.jpg" id="pgen.1005378.e003g" position="anchor" mimetype="image" orientation="portrait"></graphic><mml:math id="M3"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>50</mml:mn><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:math></alternatives></disp-formula>with the corresponding P-value (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub>).</p><p>To maximize statistical power we did not split our samples (artificially) into discovery and replication sets, but meta-analyzed all studies together and verified the absence of cross-study heterogeneity. We screened genome-wide for <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub>, and <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub> for each of the two traits (BMI, WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>). These screens have ideal power to detect effects that are of opposite direction across the four strata (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s009" ref-type="supplementary-material">S9 Fig</xref></bold>). However, searching for effects that are prominent in one or some strata, but not existent or directionally consistent and less pronounced in other strata profits from an a priori filter on the overall association (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub> < 10<sup>−5</sup>) as shown previously [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref026" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>] (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.g004" ref-type="fig">Fig 4</xref></bold>). The rationale behind this filter is that SNPs with unequal effects in the different strata have non-zero overall effect when tested in all strata combined. This is true unless these effects are the same magnitude, but in opposite direction (i.e. cancel out in the combined analysis). Hence filtering on overall association P-value possibly enriches our selection with SNPs showing interaction effects. For BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> 7,382 and 2,014 SNPs passed this filter.</p><p>For each trait and for each of the 6 approaches (<italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub>, <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>agesexdiff</italic></sub>; with and without a priori filtering), we controlled the False Discovery Rate (FDR) at 5% to account for the multiple testing [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref076" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>]. Importantly, controlling the FDR of each single analysis at 5% implies a global FDR control at 5% for the ensemble of discoveries resulting from all the different approaches together.</p></sec><sec id="sec023"><title>Sensitivity analyses using population-based studies only</title><p>To ensure the association of none of our age- or sex-specific loci were driven by ascertainment bias through inclusion of case-series of individuals with type 2 diabetes or coronary artery disease, we performed additional meta-analyses restricted to population-based (i.e. no ascertainment bias) studies and compared the effect-sizes between the original meta-analyses and the meta-analyses restricted to population-based studies.</p></sec><sec id="sec024"><title>Sensitivity analyses excluding studies with self-reported BMI or WHR</title><p>Self-reported BMI or WHR may cause systematic measurement error that might lead to biased effect estimates. Few of our studies assessed BMI and WHR by self-report in the sense that they told study participants how to measure BMI and WHR for themselves. In order to ensure that the age- or sex-differences of our identified loci was not driven by the few studies that used self-report data (13 of our 114 studies), which may introduce bias [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref077" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref079" ref-type="bibr">79</xref>], we conducted sensitivity meta-analyses limited to studies that measured anthropometric phenotypes (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s005" ref-type="supplementary-material">S5</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s008" ref-type="supplementary-material">S8</xref> Figs</bold>).</p></sec><sec id="sec025"><title>Power computations</title><p>To illustrate the strength and characteristics of the various screens outlined, we analytically computed power by scan (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s009" ref-type="supplementary-material">S9 Fig</xref></bold>) and for all scans combined (<bold>Figs <xref rid="pgen.1005378.g004" ref-type="fig">4</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s010" ref-type="supplementary-material">S10</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s011" ref-type="supplementary-material">S11</xref></bold>), for varying configurations of effect size combinations and directions across the four strata. More specifically, we assumed equally sized strata, a total sample size approximately corresponding to the maximum sample size of our study and modelled three categories of SNPs explaining realistic fractions of the phenotypic variance, i.e. small, medium and large effects from Speliotes et al [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref028" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>] and from Heid et al [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref029" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]. The power shown in any of the heatplots was calculated based on a fixed effect in women ≤50y (set to the known effect), a fixed effect in men >50y (set to 0), and varying effects in women >50y and men ≤50y (varying from negative to positive magnitude of the known effect). This strategy allowed us to depict power for most important interaction effects (i.e. for pure sex-difference, pure age-difference, 1-strata interaction and 3-strata interaction) in a single heatplot (see legend of <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.g004" ref-type="fig">Fig 4</xref></bold>).</p></sec><sec id="sec026"><title>Genome-wide screening approaches to detect main effects accounting for interaction</title><p>To identify novel genetic association for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we screened (i) the <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Overall</italic></sub> gathered from a four-way meta-analysis of the stratified results and (ii) the <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>Joint</italic></sub> gathered from a four-way joint meta-analysis of the stratified results according to Aschard et al [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref027" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>]. We used a genome-wide significance level (P<5x10<sup>-8</sup>) for both approaches to correct for the multiple testing and compared the detected regions to previously established loci using a 500kb distance criterion.</p></sec><sec id="sec027"><title>Establishing enrichment for sex-specific or age-dependent genetic effects</title><p>For WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we counted among the sex-different associations (disregarding the opposite effect loci) how many were significantly stronger in men or women. To test whether the observed counts represent significant imbalances between sexes we compared them to the expected binomial distribution (with p = 0.5). Similar exercise was done for age-specific associations for BMI.</p></sec><sec id="sec028"><title>Lookup of age- and sex-specific associations with other phenotypes</title><p>Age-group specific association results of the identified loci were requested for blood-pressure measures (diastolic and systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure) from the Global-BPGen consortium [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref030" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>]. The provided effect size and standard error estimates for six age bins (20–29, 30–29, …, 70–79 years) were combined to derive SNP x AGE interaction effect sizes and P-Values (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s022" ref-type="supplementary-material">S6 Table</xref></bold>) using meta-regression [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref034" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>].</p><p>Sex-specific associations of the identified loci were requested for lipid traits (HDL-C, LDL-C, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides) from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref031" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>], for type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the DIAGRAM consortium[<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref032" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>], for glycemic traits (fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-B, HOMA-IR) from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits (MAGIC) Consortium[<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref033" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>](personal communication), and for blood-pressure measures (diastolic and systolic blood pressure) from the Global-BPGen consortium [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref030" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>] (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s023" ref-type="supplementary-material">S7</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.s024" ref-type="supplementary-material">S8</xref></bold> and <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s025" ref-type="supplementary-material">S9</xref> Tables</bold>). The provided men- and women-specific estimates were used to derive sex-difference P-Values.</p></sec><sec id="sec029"><title>NHGRI GWAS catalog lookups</title><p>To further investigate the identified genetic variants in this study and to gain additional insight into their functionality and possible pleiotropic effects, we searched for previous SNP-trait associations nearby our lead SNPs. PLINK was used to find all SNPs within 500 kb of any of our lead SNPs using 1000 Genomes Project Pilot I genotype data from the CEPH (Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe) population (CEU) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref080" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref081" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>]. To identify previous associations, all SNPs within the specified regions were compared with the NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute) catalog for overlap and distances between the two SNPs were obtained using SAS, Version 9.2 [citation info below for SAS and PLINK] [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref082" ref-type="bibr">82</xref>]. The NHGRI’s (National Human Genome Research Institute) GWAS catalog contains only the top 30 most significant SNP-trait associations from recent GWAS published results from studies with at least 100,000 SNPs with resulting P-values of less than P<1x10<sup>-5</sup> [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref082" ref-type="bibr">82</xref>]. For previous GWAS results not reported in the Catalog when accessed on 10/15/2014, additional SNP-trait associations were pulled from the literature and compared to our lead SNPs using the same PLINK output file to obtain distance and r<sup>2</sup> values [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref083" ref-type="bibr">83</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref091" ref-type="bibr">91</xref>]. All previous associations within 500 kb and with an r<sup>2</sup>>0.1 with our lead SNP that reached genome-wide significance in the previous publication were retained for further interrogation.</p></sec><sec id="sec030"><title>Association of age-specific BMI loci with birth weight and childhood obesity</title><p>Summary statistics from a genome-wide association meta-analyses previously performed by EGG Consortium (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.egg-consortium.org/">www.egg-consortium.org</ext-link>) were used to examine whether the 15 age-specific BMI loci associate with birth weight and/or childhood obesity risk. Birth weight (BW) had been transformed to z-scores. Association between each SNP and the birth weight was tested using linear regression assuming an additive genetic model, with sex and, where available, gestational age as covariables [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref036" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]. In the genome-wide association meta-analysis for childhood obesity risk, cases were defined as having an age- and sex-specific BMI > 95th percentile, and controls as having an age- and sex-specific BMI < 50th percentile in children of European ancestry. SNP associations were assessed in a case-control design assuming an additive genetic model [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref037" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="sec031"><title>Comparison of effect sizes for age-dependent BMI loci with younger individuals aged 16–25 years</title><p>We compared the effect sizes for 15 loci with age related differences in BMI for each of the age strata (≤50y and >50y) in men and women combined with the BMI in young adults ages 16–25 years [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref058" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>]. Nine out of the 14 studies included in the young adult analysis had overlapping samples with the current sample, although the BMI measurements utilized were different (i.e. adolescence/early adulthood versus middle-aged to older adulthood). We used t-tests to compare effect estimates (β) from the younger adults aged 16–25 years (A) to each of our age strata (≤50y or >50y) (B) adjusting for the correlation due to overlapping samples such that:
<disp-formula id="pgen.1005378.e004"><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.e004.jpg" id="pgen.1005378.e004g" position="anchor" mimetype="image" orientation="portrait"></graphic><mml:math id="M4"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:math></alternatives></disp-formula>where SE = standard error and r = Spearman correlation coefficient between the effect estimates genome-wide. We calculated the Spearman correlation <italic>r</italic> between our study and GIANT using the combined stages from both studies. The significance level (P-value) was based on a two-tailed t-test.</p></sec><sec id="sec032"><title>Look-up of age-dependent BMI loci for weight change across adulthood</title><p>We also evaluated the 15 BMI loci showing age-dependent results from genome-wide analyses with weight change across adulthood. Using growth curves generated from multiple measures of weight in individuals between the ages of 20 and 65 years, weight change trajectories were calculated by sex using age as both a random and fixed effect. For each of the 15 loci showing age-differences in BMI, we observationally compared the direction of the effect estimate in the weight change results with the direction of effect seen between our adults aged 18–50 years and adults >50 years. While assuming constant height across adulthood and no cohort effect between the two age-groups, we hypothesized that for loci where we find a stronger effect for BMI in the adults ages 18–50 years compared to adults >50 years, the direction of effect estimate in the weight change data would be negative. For the loci where we found a stronger effect for BMI in the adults >50 years compared to the adults ages 18–50 years we hypothesized that the direction of effect estimate in the weight change data would be positive.</p></sec><sec id="sec033"><title>Expression QTL analyses in human tissue</title><p>We examined transcript expression of genes nearby (+/- 1Mb) the 44 identified WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> SNP in lymphoblastoid human cell lines available in 2,360 human samples from the EGCUT and Groningen cohorts (910 women and 1,450 men) [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref039" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref040" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]. We computed sex-specific associations between each of the 44 variants and all genes in their 1Mb vicinity and tested the men- and women-specific eQTLs for sex-difference (<italic>FDR</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub><5% calculated with/without initial filter on overall expression effect <italic>FDR</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub><20%).</p><p>We next examined whether the 15 SNPs identified to be age-dependently associated with BMI impact nearby (+/- 1Mb) transcripts differently in younger (<50y) than in older individuals (≥50y). As such, we analyzed human whole blood transcription in 3,489 unrelated individuals from NESDA and NTR cohorts [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref042" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref043" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>], which were divided in a ≥50y group (N = 958) and a <50y group (N = 2,531). Cis-eQTL analysis for the 15 SNPs was conducted for the two groups separately and age-group specific eQTLs were compared for age-difference (<italic>FDR</italic><sub><italic>agediff</italic></sub><5% calculated with/without initial filter on overall expression effect <italic>FDR</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub><20%).</p></sec><sec id="sec034"><title>Expression QTL analyses of adipose tissues in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice</title><p>We performed a microarray analysis on data from an experiment previously published [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref044" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>]. Briefly, 21 male, 21 female, and 21 ovariectomized (OVX) female C57/BL6 mice were fed from day 21 for 12 weeks on an high fat diet (45% calories from fat; Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ). All mice (male, female, and OVX) were exposed to sham or OVX surgery. Animals were sacrificed and tissues collected during the first 2h of the beginning of the light cycle after a 12h fast.</p><p>GeneChip microarray (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) was performed according to manufacturer’s instructions on 7 independent pooled samples (3 mice per pooled sample) per experimental group (male, female, OVX) from gonadal adipose tissue (GWAT) and inguinal adipose tissue (IWAT) fat pads. AMC Project Report Version 12 (6/27/07) GeneChip Operating System parameters α1 and α2 were set to 0.05 and 0.065, respectively. Normalized expression values from the Affymetrix identifier were analyzed with the online software server Genesifter (VizX Labs, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA). For comparisons of microarray data sets, multiple t-tests were used to identify genes with at least a twofold difference in gene expression (with Benjamini and Hochberg correction; P<0.05) and at least an expression level of 100. Genes populated from the GWAS studies were compared to this list of genes that met the minimum criteria of expression, fold difference, and p-value. Those identified as being statistically significant were further validated by qPCR.</p></sec><sec id="sec035"><title>Pathway analyses</title><sec id="sec036"><title>DEPICT</title><p>We used a recently developed pathway enrichment method, DEPICT [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref047" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>]. The methodology first selects all lead SNPs below a certain threshold with respect to a target P-value (available genome-wide). We tested multiple hypotheses corresponding to different lead SNP selection scenarios. First, we selected SNPs with <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> <0.001. Second, focusing on SNPs with concordant effect size direction (CED), but different magnitude we added a marginal filter to boost power by selecting SNPs with <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>sexdiff</italic></sub> <0.01 and <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub> <0.01. In case of CED, SNPs with stronger effect in women may fall into separate pathways from SNPs with stronger effect in men. Hence, we have derived gender-specific sex-difference P-values (P<sub>sexdiff_F</sub>, P<sub>sexdiff_M</sub>). We then looked for women-specific pathway enrichment by selecting SNPs with P<sub>sexdiff_F</sub> <0.01 and <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub> <0.01 (given the CED framework). Similarly, we created a separate list for men-specific SNPs by a filter of P<sub>sexdiff_M</sub> <0.01 and <italic>P</italic><sub><italic>overall</italic></sub> <0.01. All above lists were also created for age-dependent BMI associations by replacing P<sub>sexdiff</sub> by P<sub>agediff</sub>, P<sub>sexdiff_F</sub> by P<sub>agediff_younger</sub> and P<sub>sexdiff_M</sub> by P<sub>agediff_older</sub>.</p><p>For each of the eight SNP lists, leads SNPs were identified. For each lead SNP locus a target region is defined as the smallest interval containing all SNPs with LD>0.5 with the lead SNP of the locus. All genes encompassed in the target regions represent the “GWAS genes”, thereby assuming that either the lead SNP is in LD with a functional coding SNP within a gene or that the lead SNP marks a cis-acting regulatory region. We then used the following pre-defined gene sets and pathways: Gene Ontology (GO), Reactome, InWeb protein complexes, Mouse knock-out phenotypes. Gene sets were re-annotated based on co-expression in a large collection (80,000) of gene expression compendium from GEO. Then, for each gene-set the pair-wise similarity between GWAS genes was calculated and compared to that of matching sets of non-GWAS genes to assess significance of enrichment.</p><p>DEPICT also generated a prioritized set of genes at each locus. Briefly, genes within associated loci that are functionally similar to genes from other associated loci are the more likely candidates. DEPICT prioritizes genes in three steps: gene scoring, bias adjustment, and false discovery rate estimation. In the scoring step, the method quantifies the similarity of a given gene to genes from other associated loci. The bias adjustment step controls confounding factors that may bias the gene scores, e.g. gene length. In the last step, experiment-wide false discovery rates are estimated by repeating the scoring and bias adjustment steps 20 times based on top SNPs from pre-computed null GWAS.</p></sec><sec id="sec037"><title>Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA)</title><p>Significantly associated loci were further explored using QIAGEN’s Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA, QIAGEN Redwood City, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.qiagen.com/ingenuity">www.qiagen.com/ingenuity</ext-link>) to determine if there was an over-arching functional or disease relationship among these loci and their associated genes using the age and sex specific SNP lists described above. IPA uses publicly available databases (e.g. NHGRI GWAS Catalog, NCBI databases, KEGG) and proprietary databases of gene/protein interaction, expression, and function to identify possible pathways, networks, and overlapping functions of genes. For our analysis, IPA identified potential genes as those genes with coding regions within 2kb upstream or 0.5kb downstream of our list of input dbSNP ids that can unambiguously be mapped to these ids. To perform the analyses, only Ingenuity Knowledge Base genes were used, both direct and indirect relationships that are observed or predicted in mammals (humans, mice, and rats) are strictly considered. All canonical pathways and functional/disease categories and annotations that were statistically significant (P < 0.05 using the Fisher’s exact test) are reported; however, those that meet significance for multiple test correction (Benjamin-Hochberg corrected P <0.05) are highlighted in the table. Only the top ten predicted networks containing up to 140 genes or endogenous molecules were requested. Only those networks with a score of greater than 2 (Fisher’s Exact Test result of P <0.01) are considered significant [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref092" ref-type="bibr">92</xref>].</p></sec></sec><sec id="sec038"><title>Estimation of heritability</title><p>We estimated the broad heritability (H<sup>2</sup>) of BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> within the Family Heart Study (FHS) to assess how much of each trait’s total phenotypic variance may be genetic. A random sample of 1,810 individuals (454 families) was used for this analysis. The sample was stratified by age and sex into 9 groups (all, all ≤50y, all >50y, men, women, men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) to assess how each trait’s genetic variance may differ across strata. Within each group, BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> were adjusted for age, age<sup>2</sup>, genotyping chips (Illumina 560K, 1,000,000K, 610K), 10 principal components and 3 study centers. Residuals for BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> were ranked and an inverse normal transformation was applied. Subsequently, SOLAR was used to estimate the H<sup>2</sup> of BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> within each group (<bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.s044" ref-type="supplementary-material">S28 Table</xref></bold>).</p></sec><sec id="sec039"><title>Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis for proportion of variance explained</title><p>To explore the contribution of all common (genotyped) SNPs genome-wide to each trait of interest, BMI and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, we estimated the variance explained by all the autosomal SNPs in the combined ARIC, KORA S3/S4, CoLaus, EGCUT and SHIP studies within each of the sex and age strata, using the method proposed by Yang et al [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref093" ref-type="bibr">93</xref>] and implemented in the Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis software package (GCTA <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.complextraitgenomics.com/software/gcta/">http://www.complextraitgenomics.com/software/gcta/</ext-link>). Each phenotypic trait was transformed in the same form as was used for all meta-analyses.</p></sec><sec id="sec040"><title>Estimation of explained variance</title><p>We estimated the age-group and sex-specific polygenic variance explained by various subsets of SNPs that were based on varying thresholds of overall association (P<sub>Overall</sub>) with BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. First, each subset of SNPs was clumped into independent regions using a physical distance criterion <500kb and for each region the most significantly overall associated SNP (i.e. top SNP) was taken further. For each top SNP, the explained variance was calculated according to
<disp-formula id="pgen.1005378.e005"><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1005378.e005.jpg" id="pgen.1005378.e005g" position="anchor" mimetype="image" orientation="portrait"></graphic><mml:math id="M5"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>–</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:math></alternatives></disp-formula>for each age-group and for each sex separately [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref094" ref-type="bibr">94</xref>]. Finally, the variance explained by the subset of SNPs was obtained by summing up the single SNP-specific explained variances. The overall association threshold was varied from 1x10<sup>-8</sup> to 0.1.</p></sec><sec id="sec041"><title>Search for biological and functional knowledge of the identified association regions</title><p>We examined whether SNPs known to provide reliable tags for Copy-Number-Variations (CNVs) in subjects of European-descent (combining four catalogues including 60,167 CNV-tagging SNPs as described previously [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref095" ref-type="bibr">95</xref>]) correlated with our lead SNPs. We also performed several online database searches to establish whether known variants within a 500kb-window on both sides of each lead SNP, that are in high linkage disequilibrium (r² > 0.8) with our lead SNPs (using SNAP Proxy search [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref096" ref-type="bibr">96</xref>]), might have putative or predicted function. (i) We searched the SIFT database [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref097" ref-type="bibr">97</xref>] to determine whether any of these SNPs were predicted to affect protein function. (ii) We used Annovar [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref098" ref-type="bibr">98</xref>] to investigate predicted and putative function in several functional classes, including splicing regulation, stop codons, polyphen predictions. (iii) We used the regulome database (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://regulome.stanford.edu/">http://regulome.stanford.edu/</ext-link>) to search for known and predicted regulatory elements (DNAase hypersensitivity, binding sites of transcription factors, and promoter regions) in the intergenic regions of our age-specific BMI and sex-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci. Additionally, we searched for estrogen, androgen or progesterone receptor motifs around our sex-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci. Source of these data include public datasets from GEO, the ENCODE project, and published literature [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref099" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>].</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="sec042"><title>Supporting Information</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s001"><label>S1 Fig</label><caption><title>Workflow and overview of results.</title><p>The numbers stated are the number of identified independent loci for the respective analysis. Given in brackets is the number of the identified loci that are novel loci for the trait, i.e. have not been previously reported for association with the trait.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s001.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s002"><label>S2 Fig</label><caption><title>QQ plots for overall association and joint test P-Values for both traits.</title><p>QQ-plots for BMI (A) and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (B) depicting overall association P-Values (red) and joint test P-Values (blue) for all SNPs and after excluding previously published BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> associated regions (P<sub>Overall</sub>: magenta; P<sub>joint</sub>: cyan).</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s002.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s003"><label>S3 Fig</label><caption><title>Locuszoom plots for 15 loci associated with BMI that are different between men and women ≤50y and men and women >50y.</title><p>Each plot highlights the most significant SNP for age-differences and illustrates p-values for age-differences (P<sub>agediff</sub>), sex-differences (P<sub>sexdiff</sub>), all strata combined (P<sub>Overall</sub>), and the joint test (P<sub>Joint</sub>). The figure is sorted according to <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.t001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref></bold>. The plots are based on GrCh37 build positions and annotations.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s003.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s004"><label>S4 Fig</label><caption><title>Scatterplot of effect estimates (beta) for loci showing age-differences in BMI, contrasting loci with larger effect estimates in men & women ≤50 years (light green diamonds) and loci with larger effects in men & women >50 years (dark green squares).</title><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s004.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s005"><label>S5 Fig</label><caption><title>Sensitivity meta-analysis for the 15 age-specific BMI loci-excluding 13 studies that used self-report data for BMI and comparing the age-difference effects to the originally observed age-difference.</title><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s005.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s006"><label>S6 Fig</label><caption><title>Locuszoom plots for 44 loci associated with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> that are different between men and women.</title><p>Each plot highlights the most significant SNP for sex-differences and illustrates p-values for age-differences (P<sub>agediff</sub>), sex-differences(P<sub>sexdiff</sub>), all strata combined (P<sub>Overall</sub>), and the joint test (P<sub>Joint</sub>). The figure is sorted according to <bold><xref rid="pgen.1005378.t002" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref></bold>. The plots are based on GrCh37 build positions and annotations.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s006.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s007"><label>S7 Fig</label><caption><title>Scatterplot of effect estimates (beta) for loci showing sex-differences in waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>), organized by loci with larger effect estimates in women compared to men (red circles), larger effect estimates in men compared to women (blue squares) and opposite effect estimates between men and women (green triangles).</title><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s007.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s008"><label>S8 Fig</label><caption><title>Sensitivity meta-analysis for the 44 sex-differential WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci—excluding two self-report studies and comparing the sex-difference effects to the originally observed sex-difference.</title><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s008.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s009"><label>S9 Fig</label><caption><title>Power by AGE x SEX scan.</title><p>The figures illustrate the power of scanning P<sub>sexdiff</sub> (A: unfiltered, B: pre-filtered on P<sub>Overall</sub>), P<sub>agediff</sub> (C: unfiltered, D: pre-filtered on P<sub>Overall</sub>), and P<sub>agesexdiff</sub> (E: unfiltered, F: pre-filtered on P<sub>sexdiff</sub> or on P<sub>agediff</sub>). We assume four equally sized strata, a total sample size of N = 300,000 (comparable to the sample size in our BMI analyses). To investigate varying scenarios of interaction effects, we set (i) b<sub>F<50y</sub> = 0.033, a median BMI effect near <italic>MAP2K5</italic> from Speliotes et al. (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.037%), (ii) b<sub>M>50y</sub> = 0, and (iii) vary b<sub>F>50y</sub> and b<sub>M<50y</sub> on the x- and y-axes respectively.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s009.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s010"><label>S10 Fig</label><caption><title>Power of the AGE x SEX approaches for BMI for varying allele frequencies and varying modelled effect sizes.</title><p>The figure shows the power to detect age-difference, sex-difference or age x sex-difference in at least one of our scans and for varying scenarios of effect size combinations between the 4 strata. We assume four equally sized strata and a total sample size of N = 300,000 (comparable to the sample size in our BMI analyses). Furthermore, for each plot we (i) set b<sub>F<50y</sub> to a known BMI effect sizes from Speliotes et al. paper (using a small (<italic>PTPB2)</italic>, medium (<italic>NEGR1</italic>) and the largest (<italic>FTO</italic>) effect size), (ii) set b<sub>M>50y</sub> = 0, and (iii) vary b<sub>F>50y</sub> and b<sub>M<50y</sub> on the axes.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s010.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s011"><label>S11 Fig</label><caption><title>Power of the AGE x SEX approaches for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> for varying allele frequencies and varying modelled effect sizes.</title><p>The figure shows the power to detect age-difference, sex-difference or age x sex-difference in at least one of our scans and for varying scenarios of effect size combinations between the 4 strata. We assume four equally sized strata and a total sample size of N = 200,000 (comparable to the sample size in our WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> analyses). Furthermore, for each plot we (i) set b<sub>F<50y</sub> to a known WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> effect sizes from Heid et al. paper (using a small (<italic>CPEB4)</italic>, medium (<italic>LYPLAL1</italic>) and the largest (<italic>RSPO3</italic>) effect size), (ii) set b<sub>M>50y</sub> = 0, and (iii) vary b<sub>F>50y</sub> and b<sub>M<50y</sub> on the axes.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s011.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s012"><label>S12 Fig</label><caption><title>Differences in effect estimates (beta ±SE) between young adults, adults ≤50y, and adults >50y for BMI loci selected for age-differences.</title><p>Loci are ordered according to trends in absolute magnitude of effect: 1) where the absolute magnitude of effect is largest in adolescent/youngest adults (ages 16–25y)<sup>1</sup>, 2) where absolute magnitude is largest in adults (≤50y), and 3) where absolute magnitude is largest in older adults (>50y). BMI: Body mass index; SE: standard error; Details for men and women ages 16–25 have been described elsewhere (Graff et al.: “Genome-wide analysis of BMI in adolescents and young adults reveals additional insight into the effects of genetic loci over the life course.” Human Molecular Genetics 2013).</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s012.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s013"><label>S13 Fig</label><caption><title>The most significant SNPs, rs6088552 and rs6088735, for sex-differences with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> each identified to be a sex-different cis-eQTL for the <italic>ACSS2</italic> and <italic>MYH7B</italic> genes, respectively, on chromosome 20.</title><p>WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>: waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body-mass index; eQTL: expression quantitative trait loci. Sex-specific associations were computed to identify cis eQTL signals that were likely to be coincident with the WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> using human eQTL in lymphoblastoid cells.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s013.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s014"><label>S14 Fig</label><caption><title>Total stratum-specific explained variance by SNPs meeting varying thresholds of overall association for BMI (A: sex-specific; B: age-group specific) and for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (C: sex-specific; D: age-specific).</title><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s014.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s015"><label>S15 Fig</label><caption><title>Locuszoom plots for 73 novel loci associated with BMI that were either identified by the joint 4df test or by the overall (age-group and sex—combined) analysis.</title><p>Each plot highlights the most significant SNP for the combined effect (P<sub>Overall</sub>) or for the joint test (P<sub>Joint</sub>) and illustrates p-values for age-differences (P<sub>Agediff</sub>), sex-differences (P<sub>Sexdiff</sub>) and P<sub>Joint</sub> or P<sub>Overall</sub> respectively<sup>a</sup>. The figure is sorted according to chromosome and position. The plots are based on GrCh37 build positions and annotations. For three loci we identified two different SNPs that met the significance threshold for the scan of P<sub>Overall</sub> and P<sub>Joint</sub>. For each set we plotted the SNP with the lowest P-value based on the scan it was identified for. These loci and the SNP plotted are as follows: 1) rs7421089 − Selected for PJoint and rs10804189 − Selected for POverall->rs10804189 is plotted, 2) rs1557765 − Selected for POverall and rs7928810 − Selected for PJoint-> rs7928810 is plotted, and 3) rs11181001− Selected for PJoint & rs1405552− Selected for POverall-> rs1405552 is plotted.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s015.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s016"><label>S16 Fig</label><caption><title>Locuszoom plots for 10 novel loci associated with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> that were either identified by the joint 4df test or by the overall (sex-combined) analysis.</title><p>Each plot highlights the most significant SNP for the combined effect (P<sub>Overall</sub>) or for the joint test (P<sub>Joint</sub>) and illustrates p-values for age-differences (P<sub>Agediff</sub>), sex-differences (P<sub>Sexdiff</sub>) and P<sub>Joint</sub> or P<sub>Overall</sub> respectively. The figure is sorted according to chromosome and position. The plots are based on GrCh37 build positions and annotations.</p><p>(TIF)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s016.tif"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s017"><label>S1 Table</label><caption><title>Study design, number of individuals and sample quality control for genome-wide association study cohorts.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s017.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s018"><label>S2 Table</label><caption><title>Information on genotyping methods, quality control of SNPs, imputation, and statistical analysis for genome-wide association study cohorts.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s018.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s019"><label>S3 Table</label><caption><title>Study-specific descriptive statistics of study cohorts.</title><p>** There were significant differences in the number of subjects available for different phenotypes. In this case, separate summary statistics were provided.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s019.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s020"><label>S4 Table</label><caption><title>Stratum-specific results and extended details for the 15 age-specific BMI loci.</title><p>The table is ordered according to <xref rid="pgen.1005378.t001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s020.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s021"><label>S5 Table</label><caption><title>Stratum-specific results and extended details for the 44 sex-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci.</title><p>The table is ordered according to <xref rid="pgen.1005378.t002" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s021.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s022"><label>S6 Table</label><caption><title>Age-specific associations of age-dependent BMI SNPs with blood pressure (BP).</title><p>Abbreviations: Effect Allele (EA), Other Allele (OA), SNP-by-age interaction effect (b<sub>SNPxAGE</sub>), SNP-by-age interaction effect standard error (SE<sub>SNPxAGE</sub>), SNP-by-age interaction P-value (P<sub>SNPxAGE</sub>).</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s022.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s023"><label>S7 Table</label><caption><title>Sex-specific associations of sexually dimorphic WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> SNPs with lipid traits (GLGC).</title><p>Abbreviations: Effect Alelle (EA), Other Allele (OA), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG).</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s023.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s024"><label>S8 Table</label><caption><title>Sex-specific associations of sexually dimorphic WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> SNPs with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D, DIAGRAM) and glycemic traits (MAGIC).</title><p>Abbreviations: Effect Allele (EA), Other Allele (OA), Odds Ratio (OR).</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s024.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s025"><label>S9 Table</label><caption><title>Sex-specific associations of sexually dimorphic WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> SNPs with blood pressure (BP) measures.</title><p>Abbreviations: Effect Allele (EA), Other Allele (OA), Odds Ratio (OR).</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s025.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s026"><label>S10 Table</label><caption><title>Remarkable women-specific associations in the WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> lookup data.</title><p>The table shows SNPs that meet a Bonferroni-corrected significance level (<0.05/44) for its sex-specific association with the lookup trait and no association with the lookup trait in the other sex. Only women-specific loci displayed similar patterns in the look-up data. None of the opposite effect direction loci showed opposite effects (requesting P<0.05 in both sexes) with a look-up trait.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s026.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s027"><label>S11 Table</label><caption><title>Previously-identified associations listed in the NHGRI GWAS Catalog that lie within 500 kb and r<sup>2</sup> > 0.1 to our lead BMI SNPs.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s027.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s028"><label>S12 Table</label><caption><title>Previously-identified associations listed in the NHGRI GWAS Catalog that lie within 500 kb and r<sup>2</sup> > 0.1 to our lead WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> SNPs.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s028.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s029"><label>S13 Table</label><caption><title>BMI loci showing significant age-differences in adults < = 50y compared to adults >50y.</title><p>Analysis was restricted to non-case control studies.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s029.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s030"><label>S14 Table</label><caption><title>WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci showing significant sex-differences.</title><p>Analysis was restricted to non-case control studies.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s030.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s031"><label>S15 Table</label><caption><title>Effect estimates of BMI loci selected for age-differences and birthweight from 26,836 participants in the EGG consortium.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s031.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s032"><label>S16 Table</label><caption><title>Odds ratios of BMI loci selected for age-differences and childhood obesity from 5,530 cases and 8,318 controls in the EGG consortium.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s032.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s033"><label>S17 Table</label><caption><title>Differences in effect estimates between young adults, adults < = 50y, and adults >50y for BMI loci selected for age-differences.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s033.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s034"><label>S18 Table</label><caption><title>Effect estimates for weight change trajectories in adults between the ages of 20 and 65 years of age in loci showing effect size differences in BMI by age.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s034.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s035"><label>S19 Table</label><caption><title>Top hits of the human sex-specific eQTL lookup of the sex-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> associated SNPs.</title><p>Presented are SNPs with significant sex-differences in eQTL effects, selected according to FDR(P-Sexdiff) < 5%, with and without initial filtering on overall expression effects (FDR(P-Overall) < 20%).</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s035.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s036"><label>S20 Table</label><caption><title>List of tissues in which DEPICT identified significant expression (FDR <0.1) of genes from age-specific BMI associated loci in at least one of the four approaches.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s036.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s037"><label>S21 Table</label><caption><title>Gene sets enriched (FDR<0.1) for harboring SNPs with sex-different effect on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> identified by DEPICT.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s037.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s038"><label>S22 Table</label><caption><title>All significant function or disease annotations identified in IPA for the younger adult-specific BMI loci.</title><p>Functions that remain significant after B-H (p<0.05) correction are marked in bold.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s038.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s039"><label>S23 Table</label><caption><title>All significant function or disease annotations identified in IPA for the older adult-specific BMI loci.</title><p>Functions that remain significant after B-H correction are marked in bold.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s039.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s040"><label>S24 Table</label><caption><title>All significant canonical pathways identified in IPA for the women-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci.</title><p>Pathways that remain significant after B-H correction are marked in bold.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s040.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s041"><label>S25 Table</label><caption><title>All significant function or disease annotations identified in IPA for the women-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci.</title><p>Functions that remain significant after B-H correction are marked in bold.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s041.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s042"><label>S26 Table</label><caption><title>All significant function or disease annotations identified in IPA for the men-specific WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci.</title><p>Functions that remain significant after B-H correction are marked in bold.</p><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s042.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s043"><label>S27 Table</label><caption><title>Proportion of genetic to phenotypic variance explained for BMI, and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> estimated using GCTA and Heritability estimated using SOLAR.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s043.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s044"><label>S28 Table</label><caption><title>BMI main or joint (main+interaction, 4df) effect findings compared to results from the GIANT BMI group [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>].</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s044.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s045"><label>S29 Table</label><caption><title>WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> main or joint (main+interaction, 4df) effect findings compared to results from the GIANT WAIST group [<xref rid="pgen.1005378.ref018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>].</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s045.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s046"><label>S1 Text</label><caption><title>Supplementary note.</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s046.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1005378.s047"><label>S2 Text</label><caption><title>Consortia members and extended acknowledgments.</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1005378.s047.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="pgen.1005378.ref001"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Vazquez</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal>, <article-title>Comparison of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio in predicting incident diabetes: a meta-analysis</article-title>. 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