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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Anomalous diffusion and multifractality enhance mating encounters in the ocean</title><author><name sortKey="Seuront, Laurent" sort="Seuront, Laurent" uniqKey="Seuront L" first="Laurent" last="Seuront">Laurent Seuront</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biological Sciences,<institution>Flinders University</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5001,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Aquatic Sciences,<institution>South Australian Research and Development Institute</institution>, West Beach, SA 5022,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8187 Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences,<institution>Station Marine</institution>, 62930 Wimereux,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanley, H Eugene" sort="Stanley, H Eugene" uniqKey="Stanley H" first="H. Eugene" last="Stanley">H. Eugene Stanley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24469823</idno><idno type="pmc">3926071</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926071</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3926071</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1322363111</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000487</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000487</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Anomalous diffusion and multifractality enhance mating encounters in the ocean</title><author><name sortKey="Seuront, Laurent" sort="Seuront, Laurent" uniqKey="Seuront L" first="Laurent" last="Seuront">Laurent Seuront</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biological Sciences,<institution>Flinders University</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5001,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Aquatic Sciences,<institution>South Australian Research and Development Institute</institution>, West Beach, SA 5022,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8187 Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences,<institution>Station Marine</institution>, 62930 Wimereux,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanley, H Eugene" sort="Stanley, H Eugene" uniqKey="Stanley H" first="H. Eugene" last="Stanley">H. Eugene Stanley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>In the ocean, chemoreception plays a crucial role in increasing mate encounter rates in millimeter-scale crustaceans through pheromone trails that can be followed over hundreds of body lengths. Empirical evidence of trail following behavior is, however, limited to laboratory experiments conducted in still water. An important open question concerns what happens in the turbulent waters of the surface ocean where crustaceans instead experience background pheromone concentration. We show that both males and females of two key species react to background pheromone concentration, and their emerging behaviors depend on pheromone concentration, sex, species, and the level of reproductive experience of the individual tested, and are consistent with an adaptation to increase mate encounter rates.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24469823</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3926071</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201322363</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1322363111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Applied Physical Sciences</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Anomalous diffusion and multifractality enhance mating encounters in the ocean</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Anomalous diffusion enhances mating encounters</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seuront</surname><given-names>Laurent</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stanley</surname><given-names>H. Eugene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>School of Biological Sciences,<institution>Flinders University</institution>, Adelaide, SA 5001,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Aquatic Sciences,<institution>South Australian Research and Development Institute</institution>, West Beach, SA 5022,<country>Australia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8187 Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences,<institution>Station Marine</institution>, 62930 Wimereux,<country>France</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics,<institution>Boston University</institution>, Boston,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02215</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: <email>hes@bu.edu</email> or <email>laurent.seuront@flinders.edu.au</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Contributed by H. Eugene Stanley, December 18, 2013 (sent for review December 2, 2012)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: L.S. and H.E.S. designed research; L.S. performed research; L.S. and H.E.S. analyzed data; and L.S. and H.E.S. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>11</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>2206</fpage><lpage>2211</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201322363.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>In the ocean, chemoreception plays a crucial role in increasing mate encounter rates in millimeter-scale crustaceans through pheromone trails that can be followed over hundreds of body lengths. Empirical evidence of trail following behavior is, however, limited to laboratory experiments conducted in still water. An important open question concerns what happens in the turbulent waters of the surface ocean where crustaceans instead experience background pheromone concentration. We show that both males and females of two key species react to background pheromone concentration, and their emerging behaviors depend on pheromone concentration, sex, species, and the level of reproductive experience of the individual tested, and are consistent with an adaptation to increase mate encounter rates.</p></abstract><abstract><p>For millimeter-scale aquatic crustaceans such as copepods, ensuring reproductive success is a challenge as potential mates are often separated by hundreds of body lengths in a 3D environment. At the evolutionary scale, this led to the development of remote sensing abilities and behavioral strategies to locate, to track, and to capture a mate. Chemoreception plays a crucial role in increasing mate encounter rates through pheromone clouds and pheromone trails that can be followed over many body lengths. Empirical evidence of trail following behavior is, however, limited to laboratory experiments conducted in still water. An important open question concerns what happens in the turbulent waters of the surface ocean. We propose that copepods experience, and hence react to, a bulk-phase water pheromone concentration. Here we investigate the mating behavior of two key copepod species, <italic>Temora longicornis</italic> and <italic>Eurytemora affinis</italic>, to assess the role of background pheromone concentration and the relative roles played by males and females in mating encounters. We find that both males and females react to background pheromone concentration and exhibit both innate and acquired components in their mating strategies. The emerging swimming behaviors have stochastic properties that depend on pheromone concentration, sex, and species, are related to the level of reproductive experience of the individual tested, and significantly diverge from both the Lévy and Brownian models identified in predators searching for low- and high-density prey. Our results are consistent with an adaptation to increase mate encounter rates and hence to optimize reproductive fitness and success.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>animal movement</kwd><kwd>search strategies</kwd><kwd>behavioral intermittency</kwd><kwd>Lévy walks</kwd><kwd>random walks</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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