Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

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<title xml:lang="en">Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012</title>
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<name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" sort="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L" first="L" last="Galluzzi">L. Galluzzi</name>
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<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Université Paris Sud-XI</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
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<name sortKey="Vitale, I" sort="Vitale, I" uniqKey="Vitale I" first="I" last="Vitale">I. Vitale</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Université Paris Sud-XI</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
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<name sortKey="Abrams, J M" sort="Abrams, J M" uniqKey="Abrams J" first="J M" last="Abrams">J M Abrams</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff4">
<institution>Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center</institution>
, Dallas, TX 75390,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alnemri, E S" sort="Alnemri, E S" uniqKey="Alnemri E" first="E S" last="Alnemri">E S Alnemri</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University</institution>
, Philadelphia, PA 19107,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baehrecke, E H" sort="Baehrecke, E H" uniqKey="Baehrecke E" first="E H" last="Baehrecke">E H Baehrecke</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School</institution>
, Worcester, MA 01605,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Blagosklonny, M V" sort="Blagosklonny, M V" uniqKey="Blagosklonny M" first="M V" last="Blagosklonny">M V Blagosklonny</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<institution>Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute</institution>
, Buffalo, NY 14263,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dawson, T M" sort="Dawson, T M" uniqKey="Dawson T" first="T M" last="Dawson">T M Dawson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</institution>
, Baltimore, MD 21205,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dawson, V L" sort="Dawson, V L" uniqKey="Dawson V" first="V L" last="Dawson">V L Dawson</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</institution>
, Baltimore, MD 21205,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="El Deiry, W S" sort="El Deiry, W S" uniqKey="El Deiry W" first="W S" last="El-Deiry">W S El-Deiry</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff9">
<institution>Cancer Institute Penn State, Hershey Medical Center</institution>
, Philadelphia, PA 17033,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fulda, S" sort="Fulda, S" uniqKey="Fulda S" first="S" last="Fulda">S. Fulda</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff10">
<institution>Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University</institution>
, Frankfurt 60528,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gottlieb, E" sort="Gottlieb, E" uniqKey="Gottlieb E" first="E" last="Gottlieb">E. Gottlieb</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff11">
<institution>The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research</institution>
, Glasgow G61 1BD,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Green, D R" sort="Green, D R" uniqKey="Green D" first="D R" last="Green">D R Green</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff12">
<institution>Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital</institution>
, Memphis, TN 38105,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hengartner, M O" sort="Hengartner, M O" uniqKey="Hengartner M" first="M O" last="Hengartner">M O Hengartner</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff13">
<institution>Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich</institution>
, 8057 Zurich,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kepp, O" sort="Kepp, O" uniqKey="Kepp O" first="O" last="Kepp">O. Kepp</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Université Paris Sud-XI</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Knight, R A" sort="Knight, R A" uniqKey="Knight R" first="R A" last="Knight">R A Knight</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff14">
<institution>Institute of Child Health, University College London</institution>
, London WC1N 3JH,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumar, S" sort="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="S" last="Kumar">S. Kumar</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff15">
<institution>Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology</institution>
, Adelaide, South Australia 5000,
<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff16">
<institution>Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide</institution>
, Adelaide, South Australia 5005,
<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lipton, S A" sort="Lipton, S A" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="S A" last="Lipton">S A Lipton</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff17">
<institution>Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute</institution>
, San Diego, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff18">
<institution>Salk Institute for Biological Studies</institution>
, , La Jolla, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff19">
<institution>The Scripps Research Institute</institution>
, La Jolla, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff20">
<institution>Univerisity of California, San Diego</institution>
, La Jolla, CA 92093,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lu, X" sort="Lu, X" uniqKey="Lu X" first="X" last="Lu">X. Lu</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff21">
<institution>Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research</institution>
, Oxford OX3 7DQ,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Madeo, F" sort="Madeo, F" uniqKey="Madeo F" first="F" last="Madeo">F. Madeo</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff22">
<institution>Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz</institution>
, 8010 Graz,
<country>Austria</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malorni, W" sort="Malorni, W" uniqKey="Malorni W" first="W" last="Malorni">W. Malorni</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff23">
<institution>Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità</institution>
, 00161 Rome,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff24">
<institution>Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona</institution>
, 67039 Sulmona, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mehlen, P" sort="Mehlen, P" uniqKey="Mehlen P" first="P" last="Mehlen">P. Mehlen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff25">
<institution>Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, CRCL</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff26">
<institution>INSERM, U1052</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff27">
<institution>CNRS, UMR5286</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff28">
<institution>Centre Léon Bérard</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nu Ez, G" sort="Nu Ez, G" uniqKey="Nu Ez G" first="G" last="Nu Ez">G. Nu Ez</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff29">
<institution>University of Michigan Medical School</institution>
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peter, M E" sort="Peter, M E" uniqKey="Peter M" first="M E" last="Peter">M E Peter</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff30">
<institution>Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine</institution>
, Chicago, IL 60637,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff31">
<institution>Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani'</institution>
, 00149 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff32">
<institution>Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata'</institution>
, 00133 Rome,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rubinsztein, D C" sort="Rubinsztein, D C" uniqKey="Rubinsztein D" first="D C" last="Rubinsztein">D C Rubinsztein</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff33">
<institution>Cambridge Institute for Medical Research</institution>
, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shi, Y" sort="Shi, Y" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Y" last="Shi">Y. Shi</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff34">
<institution>Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences</institution>
, 200031 Shanghai,
<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simon, H U" sort="Simon, H U" uniqKey="Simon H" first="H-U" last="Simon">H-U Simon</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff35">
<institution>Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern</institution>
, 3010 Bern,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vandenabeele, P" sort="Vandenabeele, P" uniqKey="Vandenabeele P" first="P" last="Vandenabeele">P. Vandenabeele</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff36">
<institution>Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University</institution>
, 9052 Gent,
<country>Belgium</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff37">
<institution>Department for Molecular Biomedical Research</institution>
, VIB, 9052 Gent,
<country>Belgium</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="White, E" sort="White, E" uniqKey="White E" first="E" last="White">E. White</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff38">
<institution>The Cancer Institute of New Jersey</institution>
, New Brunswick, NJ 08903,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yuan, J" sort="Yuan, J" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="J" last="Yuan">J. Yuan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff39">
<institution>Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School</institution>
, Boston, MA 02115,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhivotovsky, B" sort="Zhivotovsky, B" uniqKey="Zhivotovsky B" first="B" last="Zhivotovsky">B. Zhivotovsky</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff40">
<institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet</institution>
, 17177 Stockholm,
<country>Sweden</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff41">
<institution>Biochemical Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata'</institution>
, 00133 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff42">
<institution>Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University</institution>
, Leicester LE1 9HN,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kroemer, G" sort="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="G" last="Kroemer">G. Kroemer</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff43">
<institution>Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff44">
<institution>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>
, 75005 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff45">
<institution>Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou</institution>
, AP-HP, 75908 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff46">
<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>
, Paris 5, 75270 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:3252826</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/cdd.2011.96</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" sort="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L" first="L" last="Galluzzi">L. Galluzzi</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Université Paris Sud-XI</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vitale, I" sort="Vitale, I" uniqKey="Vitale I" first="I" last="Vitale">I. Vitale</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Université Paris Sud-XI</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abrams, J M" sort="Abrams, J M" uniqKey="Abrams J" first="J M" last="Abrams">J M Abrams</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff4">
<institution>Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center</institution>
, Dallas, TX 75390,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alnemri, E S" sort="Alnemri, E S" uniqKey="Alnemri E" first="E S" last="Alnemri">E S Alnemri</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University</institution>
, Philadelphia, PA 19107,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baehrecke, E H" sort="Baehrecke, E H" uniqKey="Baehrecke E" first="E H" last="Baehrecke">E H Baehrecke</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School</institution>
, Worcester, MA 01605,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blagosklonny, M V" sort="Blagosklonny, M V" uniqKey="Blagosklonny M" first="M V" last="Blagosklonny">M V Blagosklonny</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<institution>Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute</institution>
, Buffalo, NY 14263,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dawson, T M" sort="Dawson, T M" uniqKey="Dawson T" first="T M" last="Dawson">T M Dawson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</institution>
, Baltimore, MD 21205,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dawson, V L" sort="Dawson, V L" uniqKey="Dawson V" first="V L" last="Dawson">V L Dawson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</institution>
, Baltimore, MD 21205,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="El Deiry, W S" sort="El Deiry, W S" uniqKey="El Deiry W" first="W S" last="El-Deiry">W S El-Deiry</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff9">
<institution>Cancer Institute Penn State, Hershey Medical Center</institution>
, Philadelphia, PA 17033,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fulda, S" sort="Fulda, S" uniqKey="Fulda S" first="S" last="Fulda">S. Fulda</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff10">
<institution>Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University</institution>
, Frankfurt 60528,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gottlieb, E" sort="Gottlieb, E" uniqKey="Gottlieb E" first="E" last="Gottlieb">E. Gottlieb</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff11">
<institution>The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research</institution>
, Glasgow G61 1BD,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Green, D R" sort="Green, D R" uniqKey="Green D" first="D R" last="Green">D R Green</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff12">
<institution>Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital</institution>
, Memphis, TN 38105,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hengartner, M O" sort="Hengartner, M O" uniqKey="Hengartner M" first="M O" last="Hengartner">M O Hengartner</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff13">
<institution>Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich</institution>
, 8057 Zurich,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kepp, O" sort="Kepp, O" uniqKey="Kepp O" first="O" last="Kepp">O. Kepp</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Université Paris Sud-XI</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Knight, R A" sort="Knight, R A" uniqKey="Knight R" first="R A" last="Knight">R A Knight</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff14">
<institution>Institute of Child Health, University College London</institution>
, London WC1N 3JH,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumar, S" sort="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="S" last="Kumar">S. Kumar</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff15">
<institution>Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology</institution>
, Adelaide, South Australia 5000,
<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff16">
<institution>Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide</institution>
, Adelaide, South Australia 5005,
<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lipton, S A" sort="Lipton, S A" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="S A" last="Lipton">S A Lipton</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff17">
<institution>Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute</institution>
, San Diego, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff18">
<institution>Salk Institute for Biological Studies</institution>
, , La Jolla, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff19">
<institution>The Scripps Research Institute</institution>
, La Jolla, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff20">
<institution>Univerisity of California, San Diego</institution>
, La Jolla, CA 92093,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lu, X" sort="Lu, X" uniqKey="Lu X" first="X" last="Lu">X. Lu</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff21">
<institution>Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research</institution>
, Oxford OX3 7DQ,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Madeo, F" sort="Madeo, F" uniqKey="Madeo F" first="F" last="Madeo">F. Madeo</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff22">
<institution>Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz</institution>
, 8010 Graz,
<country>Austria</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malorni, W" sort="Malorni, W" uniqKey="Malorni W" first="W" last="Malorni">W. Malorni</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff23">
<institution>Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità</institution>
, 00161 Rome,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff24">
<institution>Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona</institution>
, 67039 Sulmona, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mehlen, P" sort="Mehlen, P" uniqKey="Mehlen P" first="P" last="Mehlen">P. Mehlen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff25">
<institution>Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, CRCL</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff26">
<institution>INSERM, U1052</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff27">
<institution>CNRS, UMR5286</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff28">
<institution>Centre Léon Bérard</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nu Ez, G" sort="Nu Ez, G" uniqKey="Nu Ez G" first="G" last="Nu Ez">G. Nu Ez</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff29">
<institution>University of Michigan Medical School</institution>
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peter, M E" sort="Peter, M E" uniqKey="Peter M" first="M E" last="Peter">M E Peter</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff30">
<institution>Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine</institution>
, Chicago, IL 60637,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff31">
<institution>Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani'</institution>
, 00149 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff32">
<institution>Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata'</institution>
, 00133 Rome,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rubinsztein, D C" sort="Rubinsztein, D C" uniqKey="Rubinsztein D" first="D C" last="Rubinsztein">D C Rubinsztein</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff33">
<institution>Cambridge Institute for Medical Research</institution>
, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shi, Y" sort="Shi, Y" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Y" last="Shi">Y. Shi</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff34">
<institution>Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences</institution>
, 200031 Shanghai,
<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simon, H U" sort="Simon, H U" uniqKey="Simon H" first="H-U" last="Simon">H-U Simon</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff35">
<institution>Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern</institution>
, 3010 Bern,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vandenabeele, P" sort="Vandenabeele, P" uniqKey="Vandenabeele P" first="P" last="Vandenabeele">P. Vandenabeele</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff36">
<institution>Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University</institution>
, 9052 Gent,
<country>Belgium</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff37">
<institution>Department for Molecular Biomedical Research</institution>
, VIB, 9052 Gent,
<country>Belgium</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="White, E" sort="White, E" uniqKey="White E" first="E" last="White">E. White</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff38">
<institution>The Cancer Institute of New Jersey</institution>
, New Brunswick, NJ 08903,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yuan, J" sort="Yuan, J" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="J" last="Yuan">J. Yuan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff39">
<institution>Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School</institution>
, Boston, MA 02115,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhivotovsky, B" sort="Zhivotovsky, B" uniqKey="Zhivotovsky B" first="B" last="Zhivotovsky">B. Zhivotovsky</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff40">
<institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet</institution>
, 17177 Stockholm,
<country>Sweden</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff41">
<institution>Biochemical Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata'</institution>
, 00133 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff42">
<institution>Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University</institution>
, Leicester LE1 9HN,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kroemer, G" sort="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="G" last="Kroemer">G. Kroemer</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff43">
<institution>Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff44">
<institution>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>
, 75005 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff45">
<institution>Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou</institution>
, AP-HP, 75908 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff46">
<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>
, Paris 5, 75270 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Cell Death and Differentiation</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1350-9047</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-5403</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the appropriate use of cell death-related terminology, including ‘apoptosis', ‘necrosis' and ‘mitotic catastrophe'. In view of the substantial progress in the biochemical and genetic exploration of cell death, time has come to switch from morphological to molecular definitions of cell death modalities. Here we propose a functional classification of cell death subroutines that applies to both
<italic>in vitro</italic>
and
<italic>in vivo</italic>
settings and includes extrinsic apoptosis, caspase-dependent or -independent intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, we discuss the utility of expressions indicating additional cell death modalities. On the basis of the new, revised NCCD classification, cell death subroutines are defined by a series of precise, measurable biochemical features.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cell Death Differ</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cell Death Differ</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Cell Death and Differentiation</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1350-9047</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1476-5403</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21760595</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3252826</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pii">cdd201196</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/cdd.2011.96</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running">Functional classification of cell death modalities</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Galluzzi</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vitale</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Abrams</surname>
<given-names>J M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alnemri</surname>
<given-names>E S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baehrecke</surname>
<given-names>E H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blagosklonny</surname>
<given-names>M V</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dawson</surname>
<given-names>T M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dawson</surname>
<given-names>V L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>El-Deiry</surname>
<given-names>W S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fulda</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gottlieb</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Green</surname>
<given-names>D R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hengartner</surname>
<given-names>M O</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kepp</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Knight</surname>
<given-names>R A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">15</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lipton</surname>
<given-names>S A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">17</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">18</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">19</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Madeo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Malorni</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">23</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mehlen</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">25</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">26</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">27</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nuñez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">29</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peter</surname>
<given-names>M E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Piacentini</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">31</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">32</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rubinsztein</surname>
<given-names>D C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33">33</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shi</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34">34</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Simon</surname>
<given-names>H-U</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35">35</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vandenabeele</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36">36</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>White</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38">38</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yuan</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">39</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zhivotovsky</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40">40</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melino</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41">41</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kroemer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43">43</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff44">44</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff45">45</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46">46</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity'</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution>Université Paris Sud-XI</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<institution>Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center</institution>
, Dallas, TX 75390,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University</institution>
, Philadelphia, PA 19107,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<institution>Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School</institution>
, Worcester, MA 01605,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<institution>Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute</institution>
, Buffalo, NY 14263,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<institution>Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</institution>
, Baltimore, MD 21205,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<institution>Cancer Institute Penn State, Hershey Medical Center</institution>
, Philadelphia, PA 17033,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<institution>Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University</institution>
, Frankfurt 60528,
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<institution>The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research</institution>
, Glasgow G61 1BD,
<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<institution>Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital</institution>
, Memphis, TN 38105,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<institution>Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich</institution>
, 8057 Zurich,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<institution>Institute of Child Health, University College London</institution>
, London WC1N 3JH,
<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<institution>Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology</institution>
, Adelaide, South Australia 5000,
<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<institution>Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide</institution>
, Adelaide, South Australia 5005,
<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<institution>Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute</institution>
, San Diego, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<institution>Salk Institute for Biological Studies</institution>
, , La Jolla, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<institution>The Scripps Research Institute</institution>
, La Jolla, CA 92037,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20">
<label>20</label>
<institution>Univerisity of California, San Diego</institution>
, La Jolla, CA 92093,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff21">
<label>21</label>
<institution>Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research</institution>
, Oxford OX3 7DQ,
<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff22">
<label>22</label>
<institution>Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz</institution>
, 8010 Graz,
<country>Austria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff23">
<label>23</label>
<institution>Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità</institution>
, 00161 Rome,
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff24">
<label>24</label>
<institution>Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona</institution>
, 67039 Sulmona, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff25">
<label>25</label>
<institution>Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, CRCL</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff26">
<label>26</label>
<institution>INSERM, U1052</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff27">
<label>27</label>
<institution>CNRS, UMR5286</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff28">
<label>28</label>
<institution>Centre Léon Bérard</institution>
, 69008 Lyon,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff29">
<label>29</label>
<institution>University of Michigan Medical School</institution>
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff30">
<label>30</label>
<institution>Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine</institution>
, Chicago, IL 60637,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff31">
<label>31</label>
<institution>Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani'</institution>
, 00149 Rome, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff32">
<label>32</label>
<institution>Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata'</institution>
, 00133 Rome,
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff33">
<label>33</label>
<institution>Cambridge Institute for Medical Research</institution>
, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff34">
<label>34</label>
<institution>Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences</institution>
, 200031 Shanghai,
<country>China</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff35">
<label>35</label>
<institution>Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern</institution>
, 3010 Bern,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff36">
<label>36</label>
<institution>Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University</institution>
, 9052 Gent,
<country>Belgium</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff37">
<label>37</label>
<institution>Department for Molecular Biomedical Research</institution>
, VIB, 9052 Gent,
<country>Belgium</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff38">
<label>38</label>
<institution>The Cancer Institute of New Jersey</institution>
, New Brunswick, NJ 08903,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff39">
<label>39</label>
<institution>Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School</institution>
, Boston, MA 02115,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff40">
<label>40</label>
<institution>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet</institution>
, 17177 Stockholm,
<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff41">
<label>41</label>
<institution>Biochemical Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata'</institution>
, 00133 Rome, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff42">
<label>42</label>
<institution>Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University</institution>
, Leicester LE1 9HN,
<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff43">
<label>43</label>
<institution>Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>
, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff44">
<label>44</label>
<institution>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers</institution>
, 75005 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff45">
<label>45</label>
<institution>Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou</institution>
, AP-HP, 75908 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff46">
<label>46</label>
<institution>Université Paris Descartes</institution>
, Paris 5, 75270 Paris,
<country>France</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="caf1">
<label>*</label>
<institution>INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', Institut Gustave Roussy, Pavillon de Recherche 1</institution>
, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif,
<country>France</country>
. Tel: +33 1 4211 6046; Fax +33 1 4211 6047; E-mail:
<email>kroemer@orange.fr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>16</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>13</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the appropriate use of cell death-related terminology, including ‘apoptosis', ‘necrosis' and ‘mitotic catastrophe'. In view of the substantial progress in the biochemical and genetic exploration of cell death, time has come to switch from morphological to molecular definitions of cell death modalities. Here we propose a functional classification of cell death subroutines that applies to both
<italic>in vitro</italic>
and
<italic>in vivo</italic>
settings and includes extrinsic apoptosis, caspase-dependent or -independent intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, we discuss the utility of expressions indicating additional cell death modalities. On the basis of the new, revised NCCD classification, cell death subroutines are defined by a series of precise, measurable biochemical features.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>autophagy</kwd>
<kwd>mitochondrial membrane permeabilization</kwd>
<kwd>necroptosis</kwd>
<kwd>parthanatos</kwd>
<kwd>TNFR1</kwd>
<kwd>TP53</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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