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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Revisiting the phylogeography and demography of European badgers (<italic>Meles
meles</italic>) based on broad sampling, multiple markers and simulations</title><author><name sortKey="Frantz, A C" sort="Frantz, A C" uniqKey="Frantz A" first="A C" last="Frantz">A C Frantz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>, Luxembourg,<country>Luxembourg</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdevitt, A D" sort="Mcdevitt, A D" uniqKey="Mcdevitt A" first="A D" last="Mcdevitt">A D Mcdevitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin</institution>, Dublin,<country>Ireland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pope, L C" sort="Pope, L C" uniqKey="Pope L" first="L C" last="Pope">L C Pope</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>School of Biological Science, University of Queensland</institution>, St Lucia, Queensland,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kochan, J" sort="Kochan, J" uniqKey="Kochan J" first="J" last="Kochan">J. Kochan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences</institution>, Wrocław,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davison, J" sort="Davison, J" uniqKey="Davison J" first="J" last="Davison">J. Davison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu</institution>, Tartu,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clements, C F" sort="Clements, C F" uniqKey="Clements C" first="C F" last="Clements">C F Clements</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elmeros, M" sort="Elmeros, M" uniqKey="Elmeros M" first="M" last="Elmeros">M. Elmeros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University</institution>, Rønde,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina Vacas, G" sort="Molina Vacas, G" uniqKey="Molina Vacas G" first="G" last="Molina-Vacas">G. Molina-Vacas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Animal Biology Department, University of Barcelona</institution>, Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Gonzalez, A" sort="Ruiz Gonzalez, A" uniqKey="Ruiz Gonzalez A" first="A" last="Ruiz-Gonzalez">A. Ruiz-Gonzalez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Department of Zoology, Biogeography and Population Dynamics Research Group, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU</institution>, Vitoria-Gasteiz,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balestrieri, A" sort="Balestrieri, A" uniqKey="Balestrieri A" first="A" last="Balestrieri">A. Balestrieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Department of Biosciences, University of Milan</institution>, Milan,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Berge, K" sort="Van Den Berge, K" uniqKey="Van Den Berge K" first="K" last="Van Den Berge">K. Van Den Berge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Research Institute for Nature and Forest</institution>, Geraardsbergen,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breyne, P" sort="Breyne, P" uniqKey="Breyne P" first="P" last="Breyne">P. Breyne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Research Institute for Nature and Forest</institution>, Geraardsbergen,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do Linh San, E" sort="Do Linh San, E" uniqKey="Do Linh San E" first="E" last="Do Linh San">E. Do Linh San</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare</institution>, Alice,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Gren, E O" sort=" Gren, E O" uniqKey=" Gren E" first="E O" last=" Gren">E O Gren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases</institution>, Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suchentrunk, F" sort="Suchentrunk, F" uniqKey="Suchentrunk F" first="F" last="Suchentrunk">F. Suchentrunk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schley, L" sort="Schley, L" uniqKey="Schley L" first="L" last="Schley">L. Schley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution>Administration de la nature et des forêts</institution>, Luxembourg,<country>Luxembourg</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalczyk, R" sort="Kowalczyk, R" uniqKey="Kowalczyk R" first="R" last="Kowalczyk">R. Kowalczyk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Mammal Research Institute</institution>, Bialowieza,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kostka, B I" sort="Kostka, B I" uniqKey="Kostka B" first="B I" last="Kostka">B I Kostka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Queen's University Belfast</institution>, Northern Ireland,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Irovi, D" sort=" Irovi, D" uniqKey=" Irovi D" first="D" last=" Irovi">D. Irovi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade</institution>, Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sprem, N" sort="Sprem, N" uniqKey="Sprem N" first="N" last="Šprem">N. Šprem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb</institution>, Zagreb,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colyn, M" sort="Colyn, M" uniqKey="Colyn M" first="M" last="Colyn">M. Colyn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>CNRS, UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1</institution>, Rennes,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghirardi, M" sort="Ghirardi, M" uniqKey="Ghirardi M" first="M" last="Ghirardi">M. Ghirardi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution>Università degli Studi di Torino</institution>, Torino,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Racheva, V" sort="Racheva, V" uniqKey="Racheva V" first="V" last="Racheva">V. Racheva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Balkani Wildlife Society</institution>, Sofia,<country>Bulgaria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braun, C" sort="Braun, C" uniqKey="Braun C" first="C" last="Braun">C. Braun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>9 chemin du Kilbs</institution>, Bischoffsheim,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, R" sort="Oliveira, R" uniqKey="Oliveira R" first="R" last="Oliveira">R. Oliveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanszki, J" sort="Lanszki, J" uniqKey="Lanszki J" first="J" last="Lanszki">J. Lanszki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution>Department of Nature Conservation, University of Kaposvár</institution>, Kaposvár,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stubbe, A" sort="Stubbe, A" uniqKey="Stubbe A" first="A" last="Stubbe">A. Stubbe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Domplatz 4</institution>, Halle/Saale,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stubbe, M" sort="Stubbe, M" uniqKey="Stubbe M" first="M" last="Stubbe">M. Stubbe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Domplatz 4</institution>, Halle/Saale,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stier, N" sort="Stier, N" uniqKey="Stier N" first="N" last="Stier">N. Stier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution>Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Dresden University of Technology</institution>, Tharandt,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, T" sort="Burke, T" uniqKey="Burke T" first="T" last="Burke">T. Burke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24781805</idno><idno type="pmc">4220720</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220720</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4220720</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/hdy.2014.45</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000059</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000059</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Revisiting the phylogeography and demography of European badgers (<italic>Meles
meles</italic>) based on broad sampling, multiple markers and simulations</title><author><name sortKey="Frantz, A C" sort="Frantz, A C" uniqKey="Frantz A" first="A C" last="Frantz">A C Frantz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>, Luxembourg,<country>Luxembourg</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdevitt, A D" sort="Mcdevitt, A D" uniqKey="Mcdevitt A" first="A D" last="Mcdevitt">A D Mcdevitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin</institution>, Dublin,<country>Ireland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pope, L C" sort="Pope, L C" uniqKey="Pope L" first="L C" last="Pope">L C Pope</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>School of Biological Science, University of Queensland</institution>, St Lucia, Queensland,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kochan, J" sort="Kochan, J" uniqKey="Kochan J" first="J" last="Kochan">J. Kochan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences</institution>, Wrocław,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davison, J" sort="Davison, J" uniqKey="Davison J" first="J" last="Davison">J. Davison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu</institution>, Tartu,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clements, C F" sort="Clements, C F" uniqKey="Clements C" first="C F" last="Clements">C F Clements</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elmeros, M" sort="Elmeros, M" uniqKey="Elmeros M" first="M" last="Elmeros">M. Elmeros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University</institution>, Rønde,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina Vacas, G" sort="Molina Vacas, G" uniqKey="Molina Vacas G" first="G" last="Molina-Vacas">G. Molina-Vacas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Animal Biology Department, University of Barcelona</institution>, Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Gonzalez, A" sort="Ruiz Gonzalez, A" uniqKey="Ruiz Gonzalez A" first="A" last="Ruiz-Gonzalez">A. Ruiz-Gonzalez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Department of Zoology, Biogeography and Population Dynamics Research Group, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU</institution>, Vitoria-Gasteiz,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balestrieri, A" sort="Balestrieri, A" uniqKey="Balestrieri A" first="A" last="Balestrieri">A. Balestrieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Department of Biosciences, University of Milan</institution>, Milan,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Berge, K" sort="Van Den Berge, K" uniqKey="Van Den Berge K" first="K" last="Van Den Berge">K. Van Den Berge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Research Institute for Nature and Forest</institution>, Geraardsbergen,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breyne, P" sort="Breyne, P" uniqKey="Breyne P" first="P" last="Breyne">P. Breyne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Research Institute for Nature and Forest</institution>, Geraardsbergen,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do Linh San, E" sort="Do Linh San, E" uniqKey="Do Linh San E" first="E" last="Do Linh San">E. Do Linh San</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare</institution>, Alice,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Gren, E O" sort=" Gren, E O" uniqKey=" Gren E" first="E O" last=" Gren">E O Gren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases</institution>, Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suchentrunk, F" sort="Suchentrunk, F" uniqKey="Suchentrunk F" first="F" last="Suchentrunk">F. Suchentrunk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schley, L" sort="Schley, L" uniqKey="Schley L" first="L" last="Schley">L. Schley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution>Administration de la nature et des forêts</institution>, Luxembourg,<country>Luxembourg</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalczyk, R" sort="Kowalczyk, R" uniqKey="Kowalczyk R" first="R" last="Kowalczyk">R. Kowalczyk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Mammal Research Institute</institution>, Bialowieza,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kostka, B I" sort="Kostka, B I" uniqKey="Kostka B" first="B I" last="Kostka">B I Kostka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Queen's University Belfast</institution>, Northern Ireland,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Irovi, D" sort=" Irovi, D" uniqKey=" Irovi D" first="D" last=" Irovi">D. Irovi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade</institution>, Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sprem, N" sort="Sprem, N" uniqKey="Sprem N" first="N" last="Šprem">N. Šprem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb</institution>, Zagreb,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colyn, M" sort="Colyn, M" uniqKey="Colyn M" first="M" last="Colyn">M. Colyn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>CNRS, UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1</institution>, Rennes,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghirardi, M" sort="Ghirardi, M" uniqKey="Ghirardi M" first="M" last="Ghirardi">M. Ghirardi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution>Università degli Studi di Torino</institution>, Torino,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Racheva, V" sort="Racheva, V" uniqKey="Racheva V" first="V" last="Racheva">V. Racheva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Balkani Wildlife Society</institution>, Sofia,<country>Bulgaria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braun, C" sort="Braun, C" uniqKey="Braun C" first="C" last="Braun">C. Braun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>9 chemin du Kilbs</institution>, Bischoffsheim,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, R" sort="Oliveira, R" uniqKey="Oliveira R" first="R" last="Oliveira">R. Oliveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanszki, J" sort="Lanszki, J" uniqKey="Lanszki J" first="J" last="Lanszki">J. Lanszki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution>Department of Nature Conservation, University of Kaposvár</institution>, Kaposvár,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stubbe, A" sort="Stubbe, A" uniqKey="Stubbe A" first="A" last="Stubbe">A. Stubbe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Domplatz 4</institution>, Halle/Saale,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stubbe, M" sort="Stubbe, M" uniqKey="Stubbe M" first="M" last="Stubbe">M. Stubbe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Domplatz 4</institution>, Halle/Saale,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stier, N" sort="Stier, N" uniqKey="Stier N" first="N" last="Stier">N. Stier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution>Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Dresden University of Technology</institution>, Tharandt,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, T" sort="Burke, T" uniqKey="Burke T" first="T" last="Burke">T. Burke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Heredity</title><idno type="ISSN">0018-067X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2540</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Although the phylogeography of European mammals has been extensively investigated
since the 1990s, many studies were limited in terms of sampling distribution, the
number of molecular markers used and the analytical techniques employed, frequently
leading to incomplete postglacial recolonisation scenarios. The broad-scale genetic
structure of the European badger (<italic>Meles meles</italic>) is of interest as it may
result from historic restriction to glacial refugia and/or recent anthropogenic
impact. However, previous studies were based mostly on samples from western Europe,
making it difficult to draw robust conclusions about the location of refugia,
patterns of postglacial expansion and recent demography. In the present study,
continent-wide sampling and analyses with multiple markers provided evidence for two
glacial refugia (Iberia and southeast Europe) that contributed to the genetic
variation observed in badgers in Europe today. Approximate Bayesian computation
provided support for a colonisation of Scandinavia from both Iberian and southeastern
refugia. In the whole of Europe, we observed a decline in genetic diversity with
increasing latitude, suggesting that the reduced diversity in the peripheral
populations resulted from a postglacial expansion processes. Although MSVAR v.1.3
also provided evidence for recent genetic bottlenecks in some of these peripheral
populations, the simulations performed to estimate the method's power to
correctly infer the past demography of our empirical populations suggested that the
timing and severity of bottlenecks could not be established with certainty. We urge
caution against trying to relate demographic declines inferred using MSVAR with
particular historic or climatological events.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Heredity (Edinb)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Heredity (Edinb)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Heredity</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0018-067X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1365-2540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24781805</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4220720</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">hdy201445</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/hdy.2014.45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Revisiting the phylogeography and demography of European badgers (<italic>Meles
meles</italic>) based on broad sampling, multiple markers and simulations</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Phylogeography and demography of European badgers</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frantz</surname><given-names>A C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McDevitt</surname><given-names>A D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pope</surname><given-names>L C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kochan</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davison</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clements</surname><given-names>C F</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elmeros</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Molina-Vacas</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ruiz-Gonzalez</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balestrieri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Den Berge</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Breyne</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Do Linh San</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ågren</surname><given-names>E O</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suchentrunk</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schley</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kowalczyk</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kostka</surname><given-names>B I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ćirović</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Šprem</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colyn</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ghirardi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Racheva</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Braun</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lanszki</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stubbe</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stubbe</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stier</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">27</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burke</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield</institution>, Sheffield,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>, Luxembourg,<country>Luxembourg</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin</institution>, Dublin,<country>Ireland</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>School of Biological Science, University of Queensland</institution>, St Lucia, Queensland,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences</institution>, Wrocław,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu</institution>, Tartu,<country>Estonia</country></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><institution>Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University</institution>, Rønde,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><institution>Animal Biology Department, University of Barcelona</institution>, Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><institution>Department of Zoology, Biogeography and Population Dynamics Research Group, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU</institution>, Vitoria-Gasteiz,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><institution>Department of Biosciences, University of Milan</institution>, Milan,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><institution>Research Institute for Nature and Forest</institution>, Geraardsbergen,<country>Belgium</country></aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label><institution>Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare</institution>, Alice,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label><institution>National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases</institution>, Uppsala,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label><institution>Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label><institution>Administration de la nature et des forêts</institution>, Luxembourg,<country>Luxembourg</country></aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label><institution>Mammal Research Institute</institution>, Bialowieza,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label><institution>Queen's University Belfast</institution>, Northern Ireland,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label><institution>Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade</institution>, Belgrade,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label><institution>Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb</institution>, Zagreb,<country>Croatia</country></aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label><institution>CNRS, UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1</institution>, Rennes,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff21"><label>21</label><institution>Università degli Studi di Torino</institution>, Torino,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff22"><label>22</label><institution>Balkani Wildlife Society</institution>, Sofia,<country>Bulgaria</country></aff><aff id="aff23"><label>23</label><institution>9 chemin du Kilbs</institution>, Bischoffsheim,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff24"><label>24</label><institution>Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff25"><label>25</label><institution>Department of Nature Conservation, University of Kaposvár</institution>, Kaposvár,<country>Hungary</country></aff><aff id="aff26"><label>26</label><institution>Domplatz 4</institution>, Halle/Saale,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff27"><label>27</label><institution>Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Dresden University of Technology</institution>, Tharandt,<country>Germany</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, 25 rue
Münster</institution>, Luxembourg, L-2160,
<country>Luxembourg</country>. E-mail: <email>alainfrantz@yahoo.co.uk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>113</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>443</fpage><lpage>453</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 The Genetics Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Genetics Society</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>Although the phylogeography of European mammals has been extensively investigated
since the 1990s, many studies were limited in terms of sampling distribution, the
number of molecular markers used and the analytical techniques employed, frequently
leading to incomplete postglacial recolonisation scenarios. The broad-scale genetic
structure of the European badger (<italic>Meles meles</italic>) is of interest as it may
result from historic restriction to glacial refugia and/or recent anthropogenic
impact. However, previous studies were based mostly on samples from western Europe,
making it difficult to draw robust conclusions about the location of refugia,
patterns of postglacial expansion and recent demography. In the present study,
continent-wide sampling and analyses with multiple markers provided evidence for two
glacial refugia (Iberia and southeast Europe) that contributed to the genetic
variation observed in badgers in Europe today. Approximate Bayesian computation
provided support for a colonisation of Scandinavia from both Iberian and southeastern
refugia. In the whole of Europe, we observed a decline in genetic diversity with
increasing latitude, suggesting that the reduced diversity in the peripheral
populations resulted from a postglacial expansion processes. Although MSVAR v.1.3
also provided evidence for recent genetic bottlenecks in some of these peripheral
populations, the simulations performed to estimate the method's power to
correctly infer the past demography of our empirical populations suggested that the
timing and severity of bottlenecks could not be established with certainty. We urge
caution against trying to relate demographic declines inferred using MSVAR with
particular historic or climatological events.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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