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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genetic analysis of dyslexia candidate genes in the European cross-linguistic NeuroDys cohort</title><author><name sortKey="Becker, Jessica" sort="Becker, Jessica" uniqKey="Becker J" first="Jessica" last="Becker">Jessica Becker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czamara, Darina" sort="Czamara, Darina" uniqKey="Czamara D" first="Darina" last="Czamara">Darina Czamara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scerri, Tom S" sort="Scerri, Tom S" uniqKey="Scerri T" first="Tom S" last="Scerri">Tom S. Scerri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramus, Franck" sort="Ramus, Franck" uniqKey="Ramus F" first="Franck" last="Ramus">Franck Ramus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Csepe, Valeria" sort="Csepe, Valeria" uniqKey="Csepe V" first="Valéria" last="Csépe">Valéria Csépe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest</institution>, Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talcott, Joel B" sort="Talcott, Joel B" uniqKey="Talcott J" first="Joel B" last="Talcott">Joel B. Talcott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University</institution>, Birmingham,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, John" sort="Stein, John" uniqKey="Stein J" first="John" last="Stein">John Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Department of Physiology, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew" sort="Morris, Andrew" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew" last="Morris">Andrew Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ludwig, Kerstin U" sort="Ludwig, Kerstin U" uniqKey="Ludwig K" first="Kerstin U" last="Ludwig">Kerstin U. Ludwig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Per" sort="Hoffmann, Per" uniqKey="Hoffmann P" first="Per" last="Hoffmann">Per Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel</institution>, Basel,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honbolyg, Ferenc" sort="Honbolyg, Ferenc" uniqKey="Honbolyg F" first="Ferenc" last="Honbolyg">Ferenc Honbolyg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest</institution>, Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="T Th, Denes" sort="T Th, Denes" uniqKey="T Th D" first="Dénes" last="T Th">Dénes T Th</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest</institution>, Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fauchereau, Fabien" sort="Fauchereau, Fabien" uniqKey="Fauchereau F" first="Fabien" last="Fauchereau">Fabien Fauchereau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS URA 2182, Institut Pasteur</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogliotti, Caroline" sort="Bogliotti, Caroline" uniqKey="Bogliotti C" first="Caroline" last="Bogliotti">Caroline Bogliotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iannuzzi, Stephanie" sort="Iannuzzi, Stephanie" uniqKey="Iannuzzi S" first="Stéphanie" last="Iannuzzi">Stéphanie Iannuzzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution>Inserm U825, Hôpital Purpan</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Centre de Référence sur les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hôpital Bicêtre</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaix, Yves" sort="Chaix, Yves" uniqKey="Chaix Y" first="Yves" last="Chaix">Yves Chaix</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution>Inserm U825, Hôpital Purpan</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdois, Sylviane" sort="Valdois, Sylviane" uniqKey="Valdois S" first="Sylviane" last="Valdois">Sylviane Valdois</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition UMR 5105 CNRS, Université Pierre Mendès France</institution>, Grenoble,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Centre référent pour le diagnostic des troubles du langage et des apprentissages, Département de pédiatrie, CHU Nord</institution>, Grenoble,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Billard, Catherine" sort="Billard, Catherine" uniqKey="Billard C" first="Catherine" last="Billard">Catherine Billard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Centre de Référence sur les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hôpital Bicêtre</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="George, Florence" sort="George, Florence" uniqKey="George F" first="Florence" last="George">Florence George</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Centre de Référence des Troubles d'apprentissage, CHU Timone</institution>, Marseille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soares Boucaud, Isabelle" sort="Soares Boucaud, Isabelle" uniqKey="Soares Boucaud I" first="Isabelle" last="Soares-Boucaud">Isabelle Soares-Boucaud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Centre de Référence pour les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E Herriot</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution>Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier</institution>, Bron,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerard, Christophe Loic" sort="Gerard, Christophe Loic" uniqKey="Gerard C" first="Christophe-Loïc" last="Gérard">Christophe-Loïc Gérard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Service de Psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Mark, Sanne" sort="Van Der Mark, Sanne" uniqKey="Van Der Mark S" first="Sanne" last="Van Der Mark">Sanne Van Der Mark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, Enrico" sort="Schulz, Enrico" uniqKey="Schulz E" first="Enrico" last="Schulz">Enrico Schulz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>TUM—Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution>Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaessen, Anniek" sort="Vaessen, Anniek" uniqKey="Vaessen A" first="Anniek" last="Vaessen">Anniek Vaessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience & Maastricht Brain Imaging Institute (M-BIC), Maastricht University</institution>, Maastricht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maurer, Urs" sort="Maurer, Urs" uniqKey="Maurer U" first="Urs" last="Maurer">Urs Maurer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution>Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohvansuu, Kaisa" sort="Lohvansuu, Kaisa" uniqKey="Lohvansuu K" first="Kaisa" last="Lohvansuu">Kaisa Lohvansuu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Finnish Center of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä</institution>, Jyväskylä,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytinen, Heikki" sort="Lyytinen, Heikki" uniqKey="Lyytinen H" first="Heikki" last="Lyytinen">Heikki Lyytinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Finnish Center of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä</institution>, Jyväskylä,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zucchelli, Marco" sort="Zucchelli, Marco" uniqKey="Zucchelli M" first="Marco" last="Zucchelli">Marco Zucchelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Huddinge,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandeis, Daniel" sort="Brandeis, Daniel" uniqKey="Brandeis D" first="Daniel" last="Brandeis">Daniel Brandeis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution>Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution>Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University</institution>, Mannheim,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blomert, Leo" sort="Blomert, Leo" uniqKey="Blomert L" first="Leo" last="Blomert">Leo Blomert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience & Maastricht Brain Imaging Institute (M-BIC), Maastricht University</institution>, Maastricht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepp Nen, Paavo Ht" sort="Lepp Nen, Paavo Ht" uniqKey="Lepp Nen P" first="Paavo Ht" last="Lepp Nen">Paavo Ht Lepp Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Finnish Center of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä</institution>, Jyväskylä,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruder, Jennifer" sort="Bruder, Jennifer" uniqKey="Bruder J" first="Jennifer" last="Bruder">Jennifer Bruder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monaco, Anthony P" sort="Monaco, Anthony P" uniqKey="Monaco A" first="Anthony P" last="Monaco">Anthony P. Monaco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" sort="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" uniqKey="Muller Myhsok B" first="Bertram" last="Müller-Myhsok">Bertram Müller-Myhsok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kere, Juha" sort="Kere, Juha" uniqKey="Kere J" first="Juha" last="Kere">Juha Kere</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Huddinge,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution>Molecular Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics</institution>, Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landerl, Karin" sort="Landerl, Karin" uniqKey="Landerl K" first="Karin" last="Landerl">Karin Landerl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Graz</institution>, Graz,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nothen, Markus M" sort="Nothen, Markus M" uniqKey="Nothen M" first="Markus M" last="Nöthen">Markus M. Nöthen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulte Korne, Gerd" sort="Schulte Korne, Gerd" uniqKey="Schulte Korne G" first="Gerd" last="Schulte-Körne">Gerd Schulte-Körne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paracchini, Silvia" sort="Paracchini, Silvia" uniqKey="Paracchini S" first="Silvia" last="Paracchini">Silvia Paracchini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution>School of Medicine, University of St Andrews</institution>, St Andrews,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyrard Janvid, Myriam" sort="Peyrard Janvid, Myriam" uniqKey="Peyrard Janvid M" first="Myriam" last="Peyrard-Janvid">Myriam Peyrard-Janvid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Huddinge,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Johannes" sort="Schumacher, Johannes" uniqKey="Schumacher J" first="Johannes" last="Schumacher">Johannes Schumacher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24022301</idno><idno type="pmc">3992562</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992562</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3992562</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ejhg.2013.199</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000048</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000048</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Genetic analysis of dyslexia candidate genes in the European cross-linguistic NeuroDys cohort</title><author><name sortKey="Becker, Jessica" sort="Becker, Jessica" uniqKey="Becker J" first="Jessica" last="Becker">Jessica Becker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czamara, Darina" sort="Czamara, Darina" uniqKey="Czamara D" first="Darina" last="Czamara">Darina Czamara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scerri, Tom S" sort="Scerri, Tom S" uniqKey="Scerri T" first="Tom S" last="Scerri">Tom S. Scerri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramus, Franck" sort="Ramus, Franck" uniqKey="Ramus F" first="Franck" last="Ramus">Franck Ramus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Csepe, Valeria" sort="Csepe, Valeria" uniqKey="Csepe V" first="Valéria" last="Csépe">Valéria Csépe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest</institution>, Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talcott, Joel B" sort="Talcott, Joel B" uniqKey="Talcott J" first="Joel B" last="Talcott">Joel B. Talcott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University</institution>, Birmingham,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, John" sort="Stein, John" uniqKey="Stein J" first="John" last="Stein">John Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Department of Physiology, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew" sort="Morris, Andrew" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew" last="Morris">Andrew Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ludwig, Kerstin U" sort="Ludwig, Kerstin U" uniqKey="Ludwig K" first="Kerstin U" last="Ludwig">Kerstin U. Ludwig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Per" sort="Hoffmann, Per" uniqKey="Hoffmann P" first="Per" last="Hoffmann">Per Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel</institution>, Basel,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honbolyg, Ferenc" sort="Honbolyg, Ferenc" uniqKey="Honbolyg F" first="Ferenc" last="Honbolyg">Ferenc Honbolyg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest</institution>, Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="T Th, Denes" sort="T Th, Denes" uniqKey="T Th D" first="Dénes" last="T Th">Dénes T Th</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest</institution>, Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fauchereau, Fabien" sort="Fauchereau, Fabien" uniqKey="Fauchereau F" first="Fabien" last="Fauchereau">Fabien Fauchereau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS URA 2182, Institut Pasteur</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogliotti, Caroline" sort="Bogliotti, Caroline" uniqKey="Bogliotti C" first="Caroline" last="Bogliotti">Caroline Bogliotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iannuzzi, Stephanie" sort="Iannuzzi, Stephanie" uniqKey="Iannuzzi S" first="Stéphanie" last="Iannuzzi">Stéphanie Iannuzzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution>Inserm U825, Hôpital Purpan</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Centre de Référence sur les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hôpital Bicêtre</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaix, Yves" sort="Chaix, Yves" uniqKey="Chaix Y" first="Yves" last="Chaix">Yves Chaix</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution>Inserm U825, Hôpital Purpan</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdois, Sylviane" sort="Valdois, Sylviane" uniqKey="Valdois S" first="Sylviane" last="Valdois">Sylviane Valdois</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition UMR 5105 CNRS, Université Pierre Mendès France</institution>, Grenoble,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Centre référent pour le diagnostic des troubles du langage et des apprentissages, Département de pédiatrie, CHU Nord</institution>, Grenoble,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Billard, Catherine" sort="Billard, Catherine" uniqKey="Billard C" first="Catherine" last="Billard">Catherine Billard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Centre de Référence sur les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hôpital Bicêtre</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="George, Florence" sort="George, Florence" uniqKey="George F" first="Florence" last="George">Florence George</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Centre de Référence des Troubles d'apprentissage, CHU Timone</institution>, Marseille,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soares Boucaud, Isabelle" sort="Soares Boucaud, Isabelle" uniqKey="Soares Boucaud I" first="Isabelle" last="Soares-Boucaud">Isabelle Soares-Boucaud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Centre de Référence pour les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E Herriot</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution>Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier</institution>, Bron,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerard, Christophe Loic" sort="Gerard, Christophe Loic" uniqKey="Gerard C" first="Christophe-Loïc" last="Gérard">Christophe-Loïc Gérard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Service de Psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Mark, Sanne" sort="Van Der Mark, Sanne" uniqKey="Van Der Mark S" first="Sanne" last="Van Der Mark">Sanne Van Der Mark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, Enrico" sort="Schulz, Enrico" uniqKey="Schulz E" first="Enrico" last="Schulz">Enrico Schulz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>TUM—Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution>Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaessen, Anniek" sort="Vaessen, Anniek" uniqKey="Vaessen A" first="Anniek" last="Vaessen">Anniek Vaessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience & Maastricht Brain Imaging Institute (M-BIC), Maastricht University</institution>, Maastricht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maurer, Urs" sort="Maurer, Urs" uniqKey="Maurer U" first="Urs" last="Maurer">Urs Maurer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution>Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohvansuu, Kaisa" sort="Lohvansuu, Kaisa" uniqKey="Lohvansuu K" first="Kaisa" last="Lohvansuu">Kaisa Lohvansuu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Finnish Center of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä</institution>, Jyväskylä,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytinen, Heikki" sort="Lyytinen, Heikki" uniqKey="Lyytinen H" first="Heikki" last="Lyytinen">Heikki Lyytinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Finnish Center of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä</institution>, Jyväskylä,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zucchelli, Marco" sort="Zucchelli, Marco" uniqKey="Zucchelli M" first="Marco" last="Zucchelli">Marco Zucchelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Huddinge,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandeis, Daniel" sort="Brandeis, Daniel" uniqKey="Brandeis D" first="Daniel" last="Brandeis">Daniel Brandeis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution>Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution>Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University</institution>, Mannheim,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blomert, Leo" sort="Blomert, Leo" uniqKey="Blomert L" first="Leo" last="Blomert">Leo Blomert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience & Maastricht Brain Imaging Institute (M-BIC), Maastricht University</institution>, Maastricht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepp Nen, Paavo Ht" sort="Lepp Nen, Paavo Ht" uniqKey="Lepp Nen P" first="Paavo Ht" last="Lepp Nen">Paavo Ht Lepp Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Finnish Center of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä</institution>, Jyväskylä,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruder, Jennifer" sort="Bruder, Jennifer" uniqKey="Bruder J" first="Jennifer" last="Bruder">Jennifer Bruder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monaco, Anthony P" sort="Monaco, Anthony P" uniqKey="Monaco A" first="Anthony P" last="Monaco">Anthony P. Monaco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" sort="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" uniqKey="Muller Myhsok B" first="Bertram" last="Müller-Myhsok">Bertram Müller-Myhsok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kere, Juha" sort="Kere, Juha" uniqKey="Kere J" first="Juha" last="Kere">Juha Kere</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Huddinge,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution>Molecular Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics</institution>, Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landerl, Karin" sort="Landerl, Karin" uniqKey="Landerl K" first="Karin" last="Landerl">Karin Landerl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Graz</institution>, Graz,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nothen, Markus M" sort="Nothen, Markus M" uniqKey="Nothen M" first="Markus M" last="Nöthen">Markus M. Nöthen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulte Korne, Gerd" sort="Schulte Korne, Gerd" uniqKey="Schulte Korne G" first="Gerd" last="Schulte-Körne">Gerd Schulte-Körne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paracchini, Silvia" sort="Paracchini, Silvia" uniqKey="Paracchini S" first="Silvia" last="Paracchini">Silvia Paracchini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution>School of Medicine, University of St Andrews</institution>, St Andrews,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyrard Janvid, Myriam" sort="Peyrard Janvid, Myriam" uniqKey="Peyrard Janvid M" first="Myriam" last="Peyrard-Janvid">Myriam Peyrard-Janvid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Huddinge,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Johannes" sort="Schumacher, Johannes" uniqKey="Schumacher J" first="Johannes" last="Schumacher">Johannes Schumacher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European Journal of Human Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1018-4813</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-5438</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Dyslexia is one of the most common childhood disorders with a prevalence of around 5–10% in school-age children. Although an important genetic component is known to have a role in the aetiology of dyslexia, we are far from understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to the disorder. Several candidate genes have been implicated in dyslexia, including <italic>DYX1C1</italic>, <italic>DCDC2</italic>, <italic>KIAA0319</italic>, and the <italic>MRPL19</italic>/<italic>C2ORF3</italic> locus, each with reports of both positive and no replications. We generated a European cross-linguistic sample of school-age children – the NeuroDys cohort – that includes more than 900 individuals with dyslexia, sampled with homogenous inclusion criteria across eight European countries, and a comparable number of controls. Here, we describe association analysis of the dyslexia candidate genes/locus in the NeuroDys cohort. We performed both case–control and quantitative association analyses of single markers and haplotypes previously reported to be dyslexia-associated. Although we observed association signals in samples from single countries, we did not find any marker or haplotype that was significantly associated with either case–control status or quantitative measurements of word-reading or spelling in the meta-analysis of all eight countries combined. Like in other neurocognitive disorders, our findings underline the need for larger sample sizes to validate possibly weak genetic effects.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Eur J Hum Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Eur. J. Hum. Genet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>European Journal of Human Genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1018-4813</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1476-5438</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24022301</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3992562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ejhg2013199</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ejhg.2013.199</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genetic analysis of dyslexia candidate genes in the European cross-linguistic NeuroDys cohort</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Association study of dyslexia candidate genes</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib 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contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6573-983X</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Honbolygó</surname><given-names>Ferenc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tóth</surname><given-names>Dénes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fauchereau</surname><given-names>Fabien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">12</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bogliotti</surname><given-names>Caroline</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Iannuzzi</surname><given-names>Stéphanie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">14</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref></contrib><contrib 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gérard</surname><given-names>Christophe-Loïc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Mark</surname><given-names>Sanne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schulz</surname><given-names>Enrico</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">24</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vaessen</surname><given-names>Anniek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maurer</surname><given-names>Urs</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">23</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">27</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">28</xref></contrib><contrib 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rid="aff35">35</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nöthen</surname><given-names>Markus M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schulte-Körne</surname><given-names>Gerd</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33">33</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paracchini</surname><given-names>Silvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36">36</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>37</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peyrard-Janvid</surname><given-names>Myriam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">30</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>37</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schumacher</surname><given-names>Johannes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>37</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn</institution>, Bonn,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><institution>Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><institution>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest</institution>, Budapest,<country>Hungary</country></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><institution>School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University</institution>, Birmingham,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><institution>Department of Physiology, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><institution>Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel</institution>, Basel,<country>Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label><institution>Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS URA 2182, Institut Pasteur</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label><institution>Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label><institution>Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label><institution>Inserm U825, Hôpital Purpan</institution>, Toulouse,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label><institution>Centre de Référence sur les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hôpital Bicêtre</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label><institution>Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition UMR 5105 CNRS, Université Pierre Mendès France</institution>, Grenoble,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label><institution>Centre référent pour le diagnostic des troubles du langage et des apprentissages, Département de pédiatrie, CHU Nord</institution>, Grenoble,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label><institution>Centre de Référence des Troubles d'apprentissage, CHU Timone</institution>, Marseille,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label><institution>Centre de Référence pour les Troubles des Apprentissages, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E Herriot</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff21"><label>21</label><institution>Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier</institution>, Bron,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff22"><label>22</label><institution>Service de Psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP</institution>, Paris,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff23"><label>23</label><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="aff24"><label>24</label><institution>TUM—Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff25"><label>25</label><institution>Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff26"><label>26</label><institution>Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience & Maastricht Brain Imaging Institute (M-BIC), Maastricht University</institution>, Maastricht,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff27"><label>27</label><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="aff28"><label>28</label><institution>Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="aff29"><label>29</label><institution>Finnish Center of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä</institution>, Jyväskylä,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff30"><label>30</label><institution>Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Huddinge,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff31"><label>31</label><institution>Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)</institution>, Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="aff32"><label>32</label><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University</institution>, Mannheim,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff33"><label>33</label><institution>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich</institution>, Munich,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff34"><label>34</label><institution>Molecular Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics</institution>, Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff35"><label>35</label><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Graz</institution>, Graz,<country>Austria</country></aff><aff id="aff36"><label>36</label><institution>School of Medicine, University of St Andrews</institution>, St Andrews,<country>UK</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn</institution>, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, <country>Germany</country>. Tel: +49 228 287 51028; Fax: +49 228 287 51011; E-mail: <email>johannes.schumacher@uni-bonn.de</email></corresp><fn fn-type="present-address" id="note1"><label>37</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn fn-type="present-address" id="note2"><label>†</label><p>We would like to express our deepest condolences on the loss of our colleague and friend Leo Blomert, who passed away in 2012.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>05</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>675</fpage><lpage>680</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>Dyslexia is one of the most common childhood disorders with a prevalence of around 5–10% in school-age children. Although an important genetic component is known to have a role in the aetiology of dyslexia, we are far from understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to the disorder. Several candidate genes have been implicated in dyslexia, including <italic>DYX1C1</italic>, <italic>DCDC2</italic>, <italic>KIAA0319</italic>, and the <italic>MRPL19</italic>/<italic>C2ORF3</italic> locus, each with reports of both positive and no replications. We generated a European cross-linguistic sample of school-age children – the NeuroDys cohort – that includes more than 900 individuals with dyslexia, sampled with homogenous inclusion criteria across eight European countries, and a comparable number of controls. Here, we describe association analysis of the dyslexia candidate genes/locus in the NeuroDys cohort. We performed both case–control and quantitative association analyses of single markers and haplotypes previously reported to be dyslexia-associated. Although we observed association signals in samples from single countries, we did not find any marker or haplotype that was significantly associated with either case–control status or quantitative measurements of word-reading or spelling in the meta-analysis of all eight countries combined. Like in other neurocognitive disorders, our findings underline the need for larger sample sizes to validate possibly weak genetic effects.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>dyslexia</kwd><kwd>word-reading</kwd><kwd>spelling</kwd><kwd>association study</kwd><kwd>candidate genes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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