A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci
Identifieur interne : 002082 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002081; suivant : 002083A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci
Auteurs : Jonathan P. Bradfield [États-Unis] ; H. Rob Taal [Pays-Bas] ; Nicholas J. Timpson [Royaume-Uni] ; André Scherag [Allemagne] ; Cecile Lecoeur [France] ; Nicole M. Warrington [Australie] ; Elina Hypponen [Royaume-Uni] ; Claus Holst [Danemark] ; Beatriz Valcarcel [Royaume-Uni] ; Elisabeth Thiering [Allemagne] ; Rany M. Salem [États-Unis] ; Fredrick R. Schumacher [États-Unis] ; Diana L. Cousminer [Finlande] ; Patrick M. A. Sleiman [États-Unis] ; Jianhua Zhao [États-Unis] ; Robert I. Berkowitz [États-Unis] ; Karani S. Vimaleswaran [Royaume-Uni] ; Ivonne Jarick [Allemagne] ; Craig E. Pennell [Australie] ; David M. Evans [Royaume-Uni] ; Beate St. Pourcain [Royaume-Uni] ; Diane J. Berry [Royaume-Uni] ; Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori [Pays-Bas, Qatar] ; Albert Hofman [Pays-Bas] ; Fernando Rivadeinera [Pays-Bas] ; André G. Uitterlinden [Pays-Bas] ; Cornelia M. Van Duijn [Pays-Bas] ; Ralf J. P. Van Der Valk [Pays-Bas] ; Johan C. De Jongste [Pays-Bas] ; Dirkje S. Postma [Pays-Bas] ; Dorret I. Boomsma [Pays-Bas] ; William J. Gauderman [États-Unis] ; Mohamed T. Hassanein [États-Unis] ; Cecilia M. Lindgren [Royaume-Uni] ; Reedik M Gi [Royaume-Uni, Estonie] ; Colin A. G. Boreham [Irlande (pays)] ; Charlotte E. Neville [Royaume-Uni] ; Luis A. Moreno [Espagne] ; Paul Elliott [Royaume-Uni] ; Anneli Pouta [Finlande] ; Anna-Liisa Hartikainen [Finlande] ; Mingyao Li [États-Unis] ; Olli Raitakari [Finlande] ; Terho Lehtim Ki [Finlande] ; Johan G. Eriksson [Finlande] ; Aarno Palotie [États-Unis, Finlande, Royaume-Uni] ; Jean Dallongeville [France] ; Shikta Das [Royaume-Uni] ; Panos Deloukas [Royaume-Uni] ; George Mcmahon [Royaume-Uni] ; Susan M. Ring [Royaume-Uni] ; John P. Kemp [Royaume-Uni] ; Jessica L. Buxton [Royaume-Uni] ; Alexandra I. F. Blakemore [Royaume-Uni] ; Mariona Bustamante [Espagne] ; M Nica Guxens [Espagne] ; Joel N. Hirschhorn [États-Unis] ; Matthew W. Gillman [États-Unis] ; Eskil Kreiner-M Ller [Danemark] ; Hans Bisgaard [Danemark] ; Frank D. Gilliland [États-Unis] ; Joachim Heinrich [Allemagne] ; Eleanor Wheeler [Royaume-Uni] ; Inês Barroso [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen O'Rahilly [Royaume-Uni] ; Aline Meirhaeghe [France] ; Thorkild I. A. S Rensen [Danemark] ; Chris Power [Royaume-Uni] ; Lyle J. Palmer [Canada] ; Anke Hinney [Allemagne] ; Elisabeth Widen [Finlande] ; I. Sadaf Farooqi [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark I. Mccarthy [Royaume-Uni] ; Philippe Froguel [France, Royaume-Uni] ; David Meyre [France, Canada] ; Johannes Hebebrand [Allemagne] ; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin [Royaume-Uni, Finlande] ; Vincent W. V. Jaddoe [Pays-Bas] ; George Davey Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; Hakon Hakonarson [États-Unis] ; Struan F. A. Grant [États-Unis]Source :
- Nature genetics [ 1061-4036 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Multiple genetic variants have been associated with adult obesity and a few with severe obesity in childhood; however, less progress has been made to establish genetic influences on common early-onset obesity. We performed a North American-Australian-European collaborative meta-analysis of fourteen studies consisting of 5,530 cases (≥95th percentile of body mass index (BMI)) and 8,318 controls (<50th percentile of BMI) of European ancestry. Taking forward the eight novel signals yielding association with
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2247
PubMed: 22484627
PubMed Central: 3370100
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Canada, Danemark, Espagne, Estonie, Finlande, France, Irlande (pays), Pays-Bas, Qatar, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Aragon (communauté autonome), Californie, Catalogne, District de Giessen, Finlande occidentale, Grand Londres, Groningue (province), Hauts-de-France, Hesse (Land), Hollande-Méridionale, Hollande-Septentrionale, Hovedstaden, Massachusetts, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Ontario, Oxfordshire, Pennsylvanie, Uusimaa
- Amsterdam, Barcelone, Copenhague, Groningue, Hamilton (Ontario), Helsinki, Lille, Londres, Los Angeles, Marbourg, Oxford, Rotterdam, Saragosse, Turku
- Université McMaster, Université d'Helsinki, Université d'Oxford, Université de Californie du Sud, Université de Saragosse
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Cousminer, Diana L" sort="Cousminer, Diana L" uniqKey="Cousminer D" first="Diana L." last="Cousminer">Diana L. Cousminer</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sleiman, Patrick M A" sort="Sleiman, Patrick M A" uniqKey="Sleiman P" first="Patrick M. A." last="Sleiman">Patrick M. A. Sleiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jianhua" sort="Zhao, Jianhua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jianhua" last="Zhao">Jianhua Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Berkowitz, Robert I" sort="Berkowitz, Robert I" uniqKey="Berkowitz R" first="Robert I." last="Berkowitz">Robert I. Berkowitz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A24">Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Vimaleswaran, Karani S" sort="Vimaleswaran, Karani S" uniqKey="Vimaleswaran K" first="Karani S." last="Vimaleswaran">Karani S. Vimaleswaran</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Jarick, Ivonne" sort="Jarick, Ivonne" uniqKey="Jarick I" first="Ivonne" last="Jarick">Ivonne Jarick</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Craig E" sort="Pennell, Craig E" uniqKey="Pennell C" first="Craig E." last="Pennell">Craig E. Pennell</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M." last="Evans">David M. Evans</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="St Pourcain, Beate" sort="St Pourcain, Beate" uniqKey="St Pourcain B" first="Beate" last="St. Pourcain">Beate St. Pourcain</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Berry, Diane J" sort="Berry, Diane J" uniqKey="Berry D" first="Diane J." last="Berry">Diane J. Berry</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" sort="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" uniqKey="Mook Kanamori D" first="Dennis O" last="Mook-Kanamori">Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivadeinera, Fernando" sort="Rivadeinera, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeinera F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeinera">Fernando Rivadeinera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" sort="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" uniqKey="Van Der Valk R" first="Ralf J. P." last="Van Der Valk">Ralf J. P. Van Der Valk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Jongste, Johan C" sort="De Jongste, Johan C" uniqKey="De Jongste J" first="Johan C." last="De Jongste">Johan C. De Jongste</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Postma, Dirkje S" sort="Postma, Dirkje S" uniqKey="Postma D" first="Dirkje S." last="Postma">Dirkje S. Postma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gauderman, William J" sort="Gauderman, William J" uniqKey="Gauderman W" first="William J." last="Gauderman">William J. Gauderman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassanein, Mohamed T" sort="Hassanein, Mohamed T" uniqKey="Hassanein M" first="Mohamed T." last="Hassanein">Mohamed T. Hassanein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A32">Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A32">Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boreham, Colin A G" sort="Boreham, Colin A G" uniqKey="Boreham C" first="Colin A. G." last="Boreham">Colin A. G. Boreham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University College Dublin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neville, Charlotte E" sort="Neville, Charlotte E" uniqKey="Neville C" first="Charlotte E." last="Neville">Charlotte E. Neville</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Belfast</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno, Luis A" sort="Moreno, Luis A" uniqKey="Moreno L" first="Luis A." last="Moreno">Luis A. Moreno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A36">Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Saragosse</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Saragosse</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Aragon (communauté autonome)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A37">School of Health Sciences (EUCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Health Sciences (EUCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Saragosse</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Saragosse</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Aragon (communauté autonome)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" sort="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Hartikainen A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Hartikainen">Anna-Liisa Hartikainen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Mingyao" sort="Li, Mingyao" uniqKey="Li M" first="Mingyao" last="Li">Mingyao Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli" sort="Raitakari, Olli" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli" last="Raitakari">Olli Raitakari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tampere</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dallongeville, Jean" sort="Dallongeville, Jean" uniqKey="Dallongeville J" first="Jean" last="Dallongeville">Jean Dallongeville</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A49">Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Das, Shikta" sort="Das, Shikta" uniqKey="Das S" first="Shikta" last="Das">Shikta Das</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcmahon, George" sort="Mcmahon, George" uniqKey="Mcmahon G" first="George" last="Mcmahon">George Mcmahon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ring, Susan M" sort="Ring, Susan M" uniqKey="Ring S" first="Susan M." last="Ring">Susan M. Ring</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kemp, John P" sort="Kemp, John P" uniqKey="Kemp J" first="John P." last="Kemp">John P. Kemp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buxton, Jessica L" sort="Buxton, Jessica L" uniqKey="Buxton J" first="Jessica L." last="Buxton">Jessica L. Buxton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A51">Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blakemore, Alexandra I F" sort="Blakemore, Alexandra I F" uniqKey="Blakemore A" first="Alexandra I. F." last="Blakemore">Alexandra I. F. Blakemore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A51">Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bustamante, Mariona" sort="Bustamante, Mariona" uniqKey="Bustamante M" first="Mariona" last="Bustamante">Mariona Bustamante</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A52">Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A53">Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A54">Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A55">Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guxens, M Nica" sort="Guxens, M Nica" uniqKey="Guxens M" first="M Nica" last="Guxens">M Nica Guxens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A52">Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A53">Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A54">Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillman, Matthew W" sort="Gillman, Matthew W" uniqKey="Gillman M" first="Matthew W." last="Gillman">Matthew W. Gillman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A56">Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kreiner M Ller, Eskil" sort="Kreiner M Ller, Eskil" uniqKey="Kreiner M Ller E" first="Eskil" last="Kreiner-M Ller">Eskil Kreiner-M Ller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gentofte</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bisgaard, Hans" sort="Bisgaard, Hans" uniqKey="Bisgaard H" first="Hans" last="Bisgaard">Hans Bisgaard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gentofte</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilliland, Frank D" sort="Gilliland, Frank D" uniqKey="Gilliland F" first="Frank D." last="Gilliland">Frank D. Gilliland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heinrich, Joachim" sort="Heinrich, Joachim" uniqKey="Heinrich J" first="Joachim" last="Heinrich">Joachim Heinrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Eleanor" sort="Wheeler, Eleanor" uniqKey="Wheeler E" first="Eleanor" last="Wheeler">Eleanor Wheeler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Rahilly, Stephen" sort="O Rahilly, Stephen" uniqKey="O Rahilly S" first="Stephen" last="O'Rahilly">Stephen O'Rahilly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meirhaeghe, Aline" sort="Meirhaeghe, Aline" uniqKey="Meirhaeghe A" first="Aline" last="Meirhaeghe">Aline Meirhaeghe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A49">Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A10">Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A60">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J." last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A61">Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A62">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinney, Anke" sort="Hinney, Anke" uniqKey="Hinney A" first="Anke" last="Hinney">Anke Hinney</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A63">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Widen, Elisabeth" sort="Widen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Widen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Widen">Elisabeth Widen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farooqi, I Sadaf" sort="Farooqi, I Sadaf" uniqKey="Farooqi I" first="I. Sadaf" last="Farooqi">I. Sadaf Farooqi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A64">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A65">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A66">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyre, David" sort="Meyre, David" uniqKey="Meyre D" first="David" last="Meyre">David Meyre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hebebrand, Johannes" sort="Hebebrand, Johannes" uniqKey="Hebebrand J" first="Johannes" last="Hebebrand">Johannes Hebebrand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A63">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
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<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A69">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A70">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" sort="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" uniqKey="Jaddoe V" first="Vincent W. V." last="Jaddoe">Vincent W. V. Jaddoe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A71">Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grant, Struan F A" sort="Grant, Struan F A" uniqKey="Grant S" first="Struan F. A." last="Grant">Struan F. A. Grant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A71">Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="pmc">3370100</idno>
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<idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.2247</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bradfield, Jonathan P" sort="Bradfield, Jonathan P" uniqKey="Bradfield J" first="Jonathan P." last="Bradfield">Jonathan P. Bradfield</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taal, H Rob" sort="Taal, H Rob" uniqKey="Taal H" first="H. Rob" last="Taal">H. Rob Taal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Timpson, Nicholas J" sort="Timpson, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Timpson N" first="Nicholas J." last="Timpson">Nicholas J. Timpson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scherag, Andre" sort="Scherag, Andre" uniqKey="Scherag A" first="André" last="Scherag">André Scherag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lecoeur, Cecile" sort="Lecoeur, Cecile" uniqKey="Lecoeur C" first="Cecile" last="Lecoeur">Cecile Lecoeur</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warrington, Nicole M" sort="Warrington, Nicole M" uniqKey="Warrington N" first="Nicole M." last="Warrington">Nicole M. Warrington</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Western Australia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hypponen">Elina Hypponen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holst, Claus" sort="Holst, Claus" uniqKey="Holst C" first="Claus" last="Holst">Claus Holst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A10">Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valcarcel, Beatriz" sort="Valcarcel, Beatriz" uniqKey="Valcarcel B" first="Beatriz" last="Valcarcel">Beatriz Valcarcel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thiering, Elisabeth" sort="Thiering, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Thiering E" first="Elisabeth" last="Thiering">Elisabeth Thiering</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salem, Rany M" sort="Salem, Rany M" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Rany M." last="Salem">Rany M. Salem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Fredrick R" sort="Schumacher, Fredrick R" uniqKey="Schumacher F" first="Fredrick R." last="Schumacher">Fredrick R. Schumacher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cousminer, Diana L" sort="Cousminer, Diana L" uniqKey="Cousminer D" first="Diana L." last="Cousminer">Diana L. Cousminer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sleiman, Patrick M A" sort="Sleiman, Patrick M A" uniqKey="Sleiman P" first="Patrick M. A." last="Sleiman">Patrick M. A. Sleiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jianhua" sort="Zhao, Jianhua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jianhua" last="Zhao">Jianhua Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berkowitz, Robert I" sort="Berkowitz, Robert I" uniqKey="Berkowitz R" first="Robert I." last="Berkowitz">Robert I. Berkowitz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A24">Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vimaleswaran, Karani S" sort="Vimaleswaran, Karani S" uniqKey="Vimaleswaran K" first="Karani S." last="Vimaleswaran">Karani S. Vimaleswaran</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jarick, Ivonne" sort="Jarick, Ivonne" uniqKey="Jarick I" first="Ivonne" last="Jarick">Ivonne Jarick</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A25">Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Giessen</region>
<settlement type="city">Marbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Craig E" sort="Pennell, Craig E" uniqKey="Pennell C" first="Craig E." last="Pennell">Craig E. Pennell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Western Australia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M." last="Evans">David M. Evans</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="St Pourcain, Beate" sort="St Pourcain, Beate" uniqKey="St Pourcain B" first="Beate" last="St. Pourcain">Beate St. Pourcain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berry, Diane J" sort="Berry, Diane J" uniqKey="Berry D" first="Diane J." last="Berry">Diane J. Berry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" sort="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" uniqKey="Mook Kanamori D" first="Dennis O" last="Mook-Kanamori">Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivadeinera, Fernando" sort="Rivadeinera, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeinera F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeinera">Fernando Rivadeinera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" sort="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" uniqKey="Van Der Valk R" first="Ralf J. P." last="Van Der Valk">Ralf J. P. Van Der Valk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Jongste, Johan C" sort="De Jongste, Johan C" uniqKey="De Jongste J" first="Johan C." last="De Jongste">Johan C. De Jongste</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Postma, Dirkje S" sort="Postma, Dirkje S" uniqKey="Postma D" first="Dirkje S." last="Postma">Dirkje S. Postma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gauderman, William J" sort="Gauderman, William J" uniqKey="Gauderman W" first="William J." last="Gauderman">William J. Gauderman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassanein, Mohamed T" sort="Hassanein, Mohamed T" uniqKey="Hassanein M" first="Mohamed T." last="Hassanein">Mohamed T. Hassanein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A32">Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A32">Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boreham, Colin A G" sort="Boreham, Colin A G" uniqKey="Boreham C" first="Colin A. G." last="Boreham">Colin A. G. Boreham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University College Dublin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neville, Charlotte E" sort="Neville, Charlotte E" uniqKey="Neville C" first="Charlotte E." last="Neville">Charlotte E. Neville</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Belfast</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno, Luis A" sort="Moreno, Luis A" uniqKey="Moreno L" first="Luis A." last="Moreno">Luis A. Moreno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A36">Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Saragosse</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Saragosse</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Aragon (communauté autonome)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A37">School of Health Sciences (EUCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Health Sciences (EUCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Saragosse</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Saragosse</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Aragon (communauté autonome)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" sort="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Hartikainen A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Hartikainen">Anna-Liisa Hartikainen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Mingyao" sort="Li, Mingyao" uniqKey="Li M" first="Mingyao" last="Li">Mingyao Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli" sort="Raitakari, Olli" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli" last="Raitakari">Olli Raitakari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tampere</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dallongeville, Jean" sort="Dallongeville, Jean" uniqKey="Dallongeville J" first="Jean" last="Dallongeville">Jean Dallongeville</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A49">Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Das, Shikta" sort="Das, Shikta" uniqKey="Das S" first="Shikta" last="Das">Shikta Das</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcmahon, George" sort="Mcmahon, George" uniqKey="Mcmahon G" first="George" last="Mcmahon">George Mcmahon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ring, Susan M" sort="Ring, Susan M" uniqKey="Ring S" first="Susan M." last="Ring">Susan M. Ring</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kemp, John P" sort="Kemp, John P" uniqKey="Kemp J" first="John P." last="Kemp">John P. Kemp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buxton, Jessica L" sort="Buxton, Jessica L" uniqKey="Buxton J" first="Jessica L." last="Buxton">Jessica L. Buxton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A51">Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blakemore, Alexandra I F" sort="Blakemore, Alexandra I F" uniqKey="Blakemore A" first="Alexandra I. F." last="Blakemore">Alexandra I. F. Blakemore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A51">Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bustamante, Mariona" sort="Bustamante, Mariona" uniqKey="Bustamante M" first="Mariona" last="Bustamante">Mariona Bustamante</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A52">Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A53">Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A54">Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A55">Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guxens, M Nica" sort="Guxens, M Nica" uniqKey="Guxens M" first="M Nica" last="Guxens">M Nica Guxens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A52">Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A53">Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A54">Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillman, Matthew W" sort="Gillman, Matthew W" uniqKey="Gillman M" first="Matthew W." last="Gillman">Matthew W. Gillman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A56">Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kreiner M Ller, Eskil" sort="Kreiner M Ller, Eskil" uniqKey="Kreiner M Ller E" first="Eskil" last="Kreiner-M Ller">Eskil Kreiner-M Ller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gentofte</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bisgaard, Hans" sort="Bisgaard, Hans" uniqKey="Bisgaard H" first="Hans" last="Bisgaard">Hans Bisgaard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gentofte</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilliland, Frank D" sort="Gilliland, Frank D" uniqKey="Gilliland F" first="Frank D." last="Gilliland">Frank D. Gilliland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heinrich, Joachim" sort="Heinrich, Joachim" uniqKey="Heinrich J" first="Joachim" last="Heinrich">Joachim Heinrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Eleanor" sort="Wheeler, Eleanor" uniqKey="Wheeler E" first="Eleanor" last="Wheeler">Eleanor Wheeler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Rahilly, Stephen" sort="O Rahilly, Stephen" uniqKey="O Rahilly S" first="Stephen" last="O'Rahilly">Stephen O'Rahilly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meirhaeghe, Aline" sort="Meirhaeghe, Aline" uniqKey="Meirhaeghe A" first="Aline" last="Meirhaeghe">Aline Meirhaeghe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A49">Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A10">Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A60">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J." last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A61">Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A62">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinney, Anke" sort="Hinney, Anke" uniqKey="Hinney A" first="Anke" last="Hinney">Anke Hinney</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A63">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Widen, Elisabeth" sort="Widen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Widen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Widen">Elisabeth Widen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farooqi, I Sadaf" sort="Farooqi, I Sadaf" uniqKey="Farooqi I" first="I. Sadaf" last="Farooqi">I. Sadaf Farooqi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A64">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A65">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A66">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyre, David" sort="Meyre, David" uniqKey="Meyre D" first="David" last="Meyre">David Meyre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hebebrand, Johannes" sort="Hebebrand, Johannes" uniqKey="Hebebrand J" first="Johannes" last="Hebebrand">Johannes Hebebrand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A63">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A69">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A70">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" sort="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" uniqKey="Jaddoe V" first="Vincent W. V." last="Jaddoe">Vincent W. V. Jaddoe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A71">Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grant, Struan F A" sort="Grant, Struan F A" uniqKey="Grant S" first="Struan F. A." last="Grant">Struan F. A. Grant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A71">Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Multiple genetic variants have been associated with adult obesity and a few with severe obesity in childhood; however, less progress has been made to establish genetic influences on common early-onset obesity. We performed a North American-Australian-European collaborative meta-analysis of fourteen studies consisting of 5,530 cases (≥95<sup>th</sup>
percentile of body mass index (BMI)) and 8,318 controls (<50<sup>th</sup>
percentile of BMI) of European ancestry. Taking forward the eight novel signals yielding association with <italic>P</italic>
< 5×10<sup>−6</sup>
in to nine independent datasets (n = 2,818 cases and 4,083 controls) we observed two loci that yielded a genome wide significant combined <italic>P</italic>
-value, namely near <italic>OLFM4</italic>
on 13q14 (rs9568856; <italic>P</italic>
=1.82×10<sup>−9</sup>
; OR=1.22) and within <italic>HOXB5</italic>
on 17q21 (rs9299; <italic>P</italic>
=3.54×10<sup>−9</sup>
; OR=1.14). Both loci continued to show association when including two extreme childhood obesity cohorts (n = 2,214 cases and 2,674 controls). Finally, these two loci yielded directionally consistent associations in the GIANT meta-analysis of adult BMI<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
</sup>
.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Speliotes, Ek" uniqKey="Speliotes E">EK Speliotes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Must, A" uniqKey="Must A">A Must</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frayling, Tm" uniqKey="Frayling T">TM Frayling</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Flegal, Km" uniqKey="Flegal K">KM Flegal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, R" uniqKey="Wei R">R Wei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ogden, C" uniqKey="Ogden C">C Ogden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Daniels, Sr" uniqKey="Daniels S">SR Daniels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Den Hoed, M" uniqKey="Den Hoed M">M den Hoed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scherag, A" uniqKey="Scherag A">A Scherag</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, W" uniqKey="Liu W">W Liu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arslan, E" uniqKey="Arslan E">E Arslan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Atilgan, H" uniqKey="Atilgan H">H Atilgan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yavasoglu, I" uniqKey="Yavasoglu I">I Yavasoglu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdullahi, M" uniqKey="Abdullahi M">M Abdullahi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keren, D" uniqKey="Keren D">D Keren</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fu, M" uniqKey="Fu M">M Fu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lui, Vc" uniqKey="Lui V">VC Lui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sham, Mh" uniqKey="Sham M">MH Sham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheung, An" uniqKey="Cheung A">AN Cheung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tam, Pk" uniqKey="Tam P">PK Tam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dankel, Sn" uniqKey="Dankel S">SN Dankel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Genet.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature genetics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1061-4036</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1546-1718</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22484627</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3370100</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ng.2247</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS364332</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bradfield</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">73</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taal</surname>
<given-names>H. Rob</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">73</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Timpson</surname>
<given-names>Nicholas J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scherag</surname>
<given-names>André</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lecoeur</surname>
<given-names>Cecile</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Warrington</surname>
<given-names>Nicole M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hypponen</surname>
<given-names>Elina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holst</surname>
<given-names>Claus</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valcarcel</surname>
<given-names>Beatriz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thiering</surname>
<given-names>Elisabeth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salem</surname>
<given-names>Rany M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schumacher</surname>
<given-names>Fredrick R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cousminer</surname>
<given-names>Diana L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sleiman</surname>
<given-names>Patrick M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Jianhua</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berkowitz</surname>
<given-names>Robert I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vimaleswaran</surname>
<given-names>Karani S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jarick</surname>
<given-names>Ivonne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pennell</surname>
<given-names>Craig E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>David M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>St. Pourcain</surname>
<given-names>Beate</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berry</surname>
<given-names>Diane J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mook-Kanamori</surname>
<given-names>Dennis O</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hofman</surname>
<given-names>Albert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivadeinera</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uitterlinden</surname>
<given-names>André G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Duijn</surname>
<given-names>Cornelia M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Valk</surname>
<given-names>Ralf J.P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref>
</contrib>
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<given-names>Mònica</given-names>
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<given-names>Matthew W.</given-names>
</name>
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</contrib>
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<given-names>Eskil</given-names>
</name>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bisgaard</surname>
<given-names>Hans</given-names>
</name>
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</contrib>
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<given-names>Frank D.</given-names>
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</name>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wheeler</surname>
<given-names>Eleanor</given-names>
</name>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barroso</surname>
<given-names>Inês</given-names>
</name>
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<given-names>Stephen</given-names>
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</name>
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</name>
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<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A68">68</xref>
</contrib>
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<given-names>Johannes</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A63">63</xref>
</contrib>
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</name>
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<given-names>George Davey</given-names>
</name>
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<given-names>Hakon</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A71">71</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>for the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium</collab>
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">72</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
The Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A12"><label>12</label>
Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A13"><label>13</label>
Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A14"><label>14</label>
Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A15"><label>15</label>
Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A16"><label>16</label>
Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A17"><label>17</label>
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A18"><label>18</label>
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A19"><label>19</label>
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff>
<aff id="A20"><label>20</label>
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A21"><label>21</label>
Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff>
<aff id="A22"><label>22</label>
Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff>
<aff id="A23"><label>23</label>
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff>
<aff id="A24"><label>24</label>
Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff>
<aff id="A25"><label>25</label>
Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A26"><label>26</label>
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar</aff>
<aff id="A27"><label>27</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A28"><label>28</label>
Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A29"><label>29</label>
Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A30"><label>30</label>
Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A31"><label>31</label>
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A32"><label>32</label>
Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</aff>
<aff id="A33"><label>33</label>
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</aff>
<aff id="A34"><label>34</label>
Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland</aff>
<aff id="A35"><label>35</label>
Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK</aff>
<aff id="A36"><label>36</label>
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A37"><label>37</label>
School of Health Sciences (EUCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A38"><label>38</label>
Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A39"><label>39</label>
Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A40"><label>40</label>
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff>
<aff id="A41"><label>41</label>
Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A42"><label>42</label>
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A43"><label>43</label>
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A44"><label>44</label>
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A45"><label>45</label>
Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A46"><label>46</label>
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A47"><label>47</label>
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A48"><label>48</label>
Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A49"><label>49</label>
Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France</aff>
<aff id="A50"><label>50</label>
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</aff>
<aff id="A51"><label>51</label>
Section of Integrative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A52"><label>52</label>
Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A53"><label>53</label>
Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A54"><label>54</label>
Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A55"><label>55</label>
Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A56"><label>56</label>
Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A57"><label>57</label>
Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="A58"><label>58</label>
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A59"><label>59</label>
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A60"><label>60</label>
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="A61"><label>61</label>
Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A62"><label>62</label>
Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A63"><label>63</label>
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A64"><label>64</label>
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</aff>
<aff id="A65"><label>65</label>
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</aff>
<aff id="A66"><label>66</label>
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</aff>
<aff id="A67"><label>67</label>
Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A68"><label>68</label>
Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A69"><label>69</label>
Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A70"><label>70</label>
Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A71"><label>71</label>
Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Correspondence should be addressed to S.F.A.G. (<email>grants@chop.edu</email>
)</corresp>
<fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>73</label>
<p id="P1">These authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>20</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>526</fpage>
<lpage>531</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.2247</pmc-comment>
<permissions><license><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data- mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</uri>
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P2">Multiple genetic variants have been associated with adult obesity and a few with severe obesity in childhood; however, less progress has been made to establish genetic influences on common early-onset obesity. We performed a North American-Australian-European collaborative meta-analysis of fourteen studies consisting of 5,530 cases (≥95<sup>th</sup>
percentile of body mass index (BMI)) and 8,318 controls (<50<sup>th</sup>
percentile of BMI) of European ancestry. Taking forward the eight novel signals yielding association with <italic>P</italic>
< 5×10<sup>−6</sup>
in to nine independent datasets (n = 2,818 cases and 4,083 controls) we observed two loci that yielded a genome wide significant combined <italic>P</italic>
-value, namely near <italic>OLFM4</italic>
on 13q14 (rs9568856; <italic>P</italic>
=1.82×10<sup>−9</sup>
; OR=1.22) and within <italic>HOXB5</italic>
on 17q21 (rs9299; <italic>P</italic>
=3.54×10<sup>−9</sup>
; OR=1.14). Both loci continued to show association when including two extreme childhood obesity cohorts (n = 2,214 cases and 2,674 controls). Finally, these two loci yielded directionally consistent associations in the GIANT meta-analysis of adult BMI<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
</sup>
.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p id="P40">Manhattan Plot of the meta-analysis of childhood obesity GWAS runs in the discovery stage (5,530 cases and 8,318 controls), with each locus achieving genome wide significance (<italic>P</italic>
< 5×10<sup>−8</sup>
) indicated in black text. In addition, the novel loci uncovered in this study are indicated in red text.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="nihms364332f1"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><title>The two key novel loci established to be associated with common early-onset obesity</title>
<p id="P41">They did not reach genome wide significance but yielded <italic>P</italic>
< 5x10<sup>−6</sup>
in the discovery stage (5,530 cases and 8,318 controls). The outcome of the replication effort of these loci taken forward in to nine comparable independent cohorts (n = 2,818 cases and 4,083 controls) is also indicated. Separate discovery and replication data plus combined data are shown, with the latter indicating genome wide significance in both instances.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SNP</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Allele1/2</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nearest Gene</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Direction</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% C.I.]</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
-value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Discovery</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13q14</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9568856</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>OLFM4</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++++++++++++-+</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.210 [1.123, 1.305]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.58×10<sup>−7</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17q21</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9299</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HOXB5</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++-++-++++++++</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.144 [1.084, 1.207]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.12×10<sup>−7</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replication</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13q14</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9568856</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>OLFM4</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+-++++-++</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.225 [1.089, 1.378]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.13×10<sup>−4</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17q21</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9299</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HOXB5</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++-++++++</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.145 [1.056, 1.242]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00104</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Combined</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13q14</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9568856</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>OLFM4</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.215 [1.140, 1.294]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.82×10<sup>−9</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17q21</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9299</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HOXB5</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.144 [1.094, 1.196]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.54×10<sup>−9</sup>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><p id="P42"><bold><underline>Discovery cohorts</underline>
</bold>
<list list-type="order" id="L1"><list-item><p id="P43">Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P44">Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC1966)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P45">British 1958 Birth Cohort – Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium subset (B58C-T1DGC)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P46">British 1958 Birth Cohort – Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Subset (B58C-WTCCC)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P47">French Young study (FRENCH YOUNG) PCA adjusted</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P48">Lifestyle Immune System Allergy Study (LISA)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P49">Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort study (RAINE)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P50">Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) PCA adjusted</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P51">Essen Obesity Study (ESSEN) PCA adjusted</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P52">Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P53">Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YF)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P54">Copenhagen Study on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P55">CM-GOYA study (CM-GOYA)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P56">Generation R Study (GENERATIONR)</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</fn>
<fn id="TFN2"><p id="P57"><bold><underline>Comparable replication cohorts</underline>
</bold>
<list list-type="order" id="L2"><list-item><p id="P58">Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study (HELENA)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P59">Young Hearts studies</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P60">Lifestyle – Immune System – Allergy Study plus German Infant Study on the influence of Nutrition Intervention LISA+GINI)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P61">Children’s Health Study (CHS)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P62">INfancia y Medio Ambiente [Environment and Childhood] Project (INMA) (2 proxies used - rs965013 and rs11099020 for rs4833407)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P63">Project Viva (VIVA)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P64">Prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy birth cohort study (PIAMA)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P65">Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (NFBC1986) (2 proxies used - rs10779751 for rs230095; rs4883723 for rs9568856)</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p id="P66">Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children ALSPAC)</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Danemark</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>Estonie</li>
<li>Finlande</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Irlande (pays)</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Qatar</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Aragon (communauté autonome)</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Catalogne</li>
<li>District de Giessen</li>
<li>Finlande occidentale</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Groningue (province)</li>
<li>Hauts-de-France</li>
<li>Hesse (Land)</li>
<li>Hollande-Méridionale</li>
<li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li>
<li>Hovedstaden</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Nord-Pas-de-Calais</li>
<li>Ontario</li>
<li>Oxfordshire</li>
<li>Pennsylvanie</li>
<li>Uusimaa</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Amsterdam</li>
<li>Barcelone</li>
<li>Copenhague</li>
<li>Groningue</li>
<li>Hamilton (Ontario)</li>
<li>Helsinki</li>
<li>Lille</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Los Angeles</li>
<li>Marbourg</li>
<li>Oxford</li>
<li>Rotterdam</li>
<li>Saragosse</li>
<li>Turku</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université McMaster</li>
<li>Université d'Helsinki</li>
<li>Université d'Oxford</li>
<li>Université de Californie du Sud</li>
<li>Université de Saragosse</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Bradfield, Jonathan P" sort="Bradfield, Jonathan P" uniqKey="Bradfield J" first="Jonathan P." last="Bradfield">Jonathan P. Bradfield</name>
</region>
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<name sortKey="Berkowitz, Robert I" sort="Berkowitz, Robert I" uniqKey="Berkowitz R" first="Robert I." last="Berkowitz">Robert I. Berkowitz</name>
<name sortKey="Gauderman, William J" sort="Gauderman, William J" uniqKey="Gauderman W" first="William J." last="Gauderman">William J. Gauderman</name>
<name sortKey="Gilliland, Frank D" sort="Gilliland, Frank D" uniqKey="Gilliland F" first="Frank D." last="Gilliland">Frank D. Gilliland</name>
<name sortKey="Gillman, Matthew W" sort="Gillman, Matthew W" uniqKey="Gillman M" first="Matthew W." last="Gillman">Matthew W. Gillman</name>
<name sortKey="Grant, Struan F A" sort="Grant, Struan F A" uniqKey="Grant S" first="Struan F. A." last="Grant">Struan F. A. Grant</name>
<name sortKey="Grant, Struan F A" sort="Grant, Struan F A" uniqKey="Grant S" first="Struan F. A." last="Grant">Struan F. A. Grant</name>
<name sortKey="Grant, Struan F A" sort="Grant, Struan F A" uniqKey="Grant S" first="Struan F. A." last="Grant">Struan F. A. Grant</name>
<name sortKey="Grant, Struan F A" sort="Grant, Struan F A" uniqKey="Grant S" first="Struan F. A." last="Grant">Struan F. A. Grant</name>
<name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<name sortKey="Hassanein, Mohamed T" sort="Hassanein, Mohamed T" uniqKey="Hassanein M" first="Mohamed T." last="Hassanein">Mohamed T. Hassanein</name>
<name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Mingyao" sort="Li, Mingyao" uniqKey="Li M" first="Mingyao" last="Li">Mingyao Li</name>
<name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name>
<name sortKey="Salem, Rany M" sort="Salem, Rany M" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Rany M." last="Salem">Rany M. Salem</name>
<name sortKey="Salem, Rany M" sort="Salem, Rany M" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Rany M." last="Salem">Rany M. Salem</name>
<name sortKey="Salem, Rany M" sort="Salem, Rany M" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Rany M." last="Salem">Rany M. Salem</name>
<name sortKey="Salem, Rany M" sort="Salem, Rany M" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Rany M." last="Salem">Rany M. Salem</name>
<name sortKey="Salem, Rany M" sort="Salem, Rany M" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Rany M." last="Salem">Rany M. Salem</name>
<name sortKey="Salem, Rany M" sort="Salem, Rany M" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Rany M." last="Salem">Rany M. Salem</name>
<name sortKey="Schumacher, Fredrick R" sort="Schumacher, Fredrick R" uniqKey="Schumacher F" first="Fredrick R." last="Schumacher">Fredrick R. Schumacher</name>
<name sortKey="Sleiman, Patrick M A" sort="Sleiman, Patrick M A" uniqKey="Sleiman P" first="Patrick M. A." last="Sleiman">Patrick M. A. Sleiman</name>
<name sortKey="Sleiman, Patrick M A" sort="Sleiman, Patrick M A" uniqKey="Sleiman P" first="Patrick M. A." last="Sleiman">Patrick M. A. Sleiman</name>
<name sortKey="Sleiman, Patrick M A" sort="Sleiman, Patrick M A" uniqKey="Sleiman P" first="Patrick M. A." last="Sleiman">Patrick M. A. Sleiman</name>
<name sortKey="Zhao, Jianhua" sort="Zhao, Jianhua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jianhua" last="Zhao">Jianhua Zhao</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Hollande-Méridionale"><name sortKey="Taal, H Rob" sort="Taal, H Rob" uniqKey="Taal H" first="H. Rob" last="Taal">H. Rob Taal</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name>
<name sortKey="De Jongste, Johan C" sort="De Jongste, Johan C" uniqKey="De Jongste J" first="Johan C." last="De Jongste">Johan C. De Jongste</name>
<name sortKey="De Jongste, Johan C" sort="De Jongste, Johan C" uniqKey="De Jongste J" first="Johan C." last="De Jongste">Johan C. De Jongste</name>
<name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<name sortKey="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" sort="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" uniqKey="Jaddoe V" first="Vincent W. V." last="Jaddoe">Vincent W. V. Jaddoe</name>
<name sortKey="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" sort="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" uniqKey="Jaddoe V" first="Vincent W. V." last="Jaddoe">Vincent W. V. Jaddoe</name>
<name sortKey="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" sort="Jaddoe, Vincent W V" uniqKey="Jaddoe V" first="Vincent W. V." last="Jaddoe">Vincent W. V. Jaddoe</name>
<name sortKey="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" sort="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" uniqKey="Mook Kanamori D" first="Dennis O" last="Mook-Kanamori">Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori</name>
<name sortKey="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" sort="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" uniqKey="Mook Kanamori D" first="Dennis O" last="Mook-Kanamori">Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori</name>
<name sortKey="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" sort="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" uniqKey="Mook Kanamori D" first="Dennis O" last="Mook-Kanamori">Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori</name>
<name sortKey="Postma, Dirkje S" sort="Postma, Dirkje S" uniqKey="Postma D" first="Dirkje S." last="Postma">Dirkje S. Postma</name>
<name sortKey="Rivadeinera, Fernando" sort="Rivadeinera, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeinera F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeinera">Fernando Rivadeinera</name>
<name sortKey="Rivadeinera, Fernando" sort="Rivadeinera, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeinera F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeinera">Fernando Rivadeinera</name>
<name sortKey="Taal, H Rob" sort="Taal, H Rob" uniqKey="Taal H" first="H. Rob" last="Taal">H. Rob Taal</name>
<name sortKey="Taal, H Rob" sort="Taal, H Rob" uniqKey="Taal H" first="H. Rob" last="Taal">H. Rob Taal</name>
<name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name>
<name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name>
<name sortKey="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" sort="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" uniqKey="Van Der Valk R" first="Ralf J. P." last="Van Der Valk">Ralf J. P. Van Der Valk</name>
<name sortKey="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" sort="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" uniqKey="Van Der Valk R" first="Ralf J. P." last="Van Der Valk">Ralf J. P. Van Der Valk</name>
<name sortKey="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" sort="Van Der Valk, Ralf J P" uniqKey="Van Der Valk R" first="Ralf J. P." last="Van Der Valk">Ralf J. P. Van Der Valk</name>
<name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name>
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<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Timpson, Nicholas J" sort="Timpson, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Timpson N" first="Nicholas J." last="Timpson">Nicholas J. Timpson</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name>
<name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name>
<name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name>
<name sortKey="Berry, Diane J" sort="Berry, Diane J" uniqKey="Berry D" first="Diane J." last="Berry">Diane J. Berry</name>
<name sortKey="Blakemore, Alexandra I F" sort="Blakemore, Alexandra I F" uniqKey="Blakemore A" first="Alexandra I. F." last="Blakemore">Alexandra I. F. Blakemore</name>
<name sortKey="Buxton, Jessica L" sort="Buxton, Jessica L" uniqKey="Buxton J" first="Jessica L." last="Buxton">Jessica L. Buxton</name>
<name sortKey="Das, Shikta" sort="Das, Shikta" uniqKey="Das S" first="Shikta" last="Das">Shikta Das</name>
<name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name>
<name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name>
<name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M." last="Evans">David M. Evans</name>
<name sortKey="Farooqi, I Sadaf" sort="Farooqi, I Sadaf" uniqKey="Farooqi I" first="I. Sadaf" last="Farooqi">I. Sadaf Farooqi</name>
<name sortKey="Farooqi, I Sadaf" sort="Farooqi, I Sadaf" uniqKey="Farooqi I" first="I. Sadaf" last="Farooqi">I. Sadaf Farooqi</name>
<name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name>
<name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hypponen">Elina Hypponen</name>
<name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name>
<name sortKey="Kemp, John P" sort="Kemp, John P" uniqKey="Kemp J" first="John P." last="Kemp">John P. Kemp</name>
<name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name>
<name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name>
<name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name>
<name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name>
<name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name>
<name sortKey="Mcmahon, George" sort="Mcmahon, George" uniqKey="Mcmahon G" first="George" last="Mcmahon">George Mcmahon</name>
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<name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name>
<name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G." last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name>
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<name sortKey="Bustamante, Mariona" sort="Bustamante, Mariona" uniqKey="Bustamante M" first="Mariona" last="Bustamante">Mariona Bustamante</name>
<name sortKey="Bustamante, Mariona" sort="Bustamante, Mariona" uniqKey="Bustamante M" first="Mariona" last="Bustamante">Mariona Bustamante</name>
<name sortKey="Bustamante, Mariona" sort="Bustamante, Mariona" uniqKey="Bustamante M" first="Mariona" last="Bustamante">Mariona Bustamante</name>
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<name sortKey="Guxens, M Nica" sort="Guxens, M Nica" uniqKey="Guxens M" first="M Nica" last="Guxens">M Nica Guxens</name>
<name sortKey="Guxens, M Nica" sort="Guxens, M Nica" uniqKey="Guxens M" first="M Nica" last="Guxens">M Nica Guxens</name>
<name sortKey="Moreno, Luis A" sort="Moreno, Luis A" uniqKey="Moreno L" first="Luis A." last="Moreno">Luis A. Moreno</name>
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<country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J." last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name>
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<name sortKey="Meyre, David" sort="Meyre, David" uniqKey="Meyre D" first="David" last="Meyre">David Meyre</name>
<name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J." last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name>
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