A Genome-wide Association Study of Early-onset Breast Cancer Identifies PFKM as a Novel Breast Cancer Gene and Supports a Common Genetic Spectrum for Breast Cancer at Any Age
Identifieur interne : 001779 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001778; suivant : 001780A Genome-wide Association Study of Early-onset Breast Cancer Identifies PFKM as a Novel Breast Cancer Gene and Supports a Common Genetic Spectrum for Breast Cancer at Any Age
Auteurs : Habibul Ahsan [États-Unis] ; Jerry Halpern [États-Unis] ; Muhammad G. Kibriya [États-Unis] ; Brandon L. Pierce [États-Unis] ; Lin Tong [États-Unis] ; Eric Gamazon [États-Unis] ; Valerie Mcguire [États-Unis] ; Anna Felberg [États-Unis] ; Jianxin Shi [États-Unis] ; Farzana Jasmine [États-Unis] ; Shantanu Roy [États-Unis] ; Rachelle Brutus [États-Unis] ; Maria Argos [États-Unis] ; Stephanie Melkonian [États-Unis] ; Jenny Chang-Claude [Allemagne] ; Irene Andrulis ; John L. Hopper [Australie] ; Esther M. John [États-Unis] ; Kathi Malone [États-Unis] ; Giske Ursin [Norvège] ; Marilie D. Gammon [États-Unis] ; Duncan C. Thomas [États-Unis] ; Daniela Seminara [États-Unis] ; Graham Casey [États-Unis] ; Julia A. Knight ; Melissa C. Southey [Australie] ; Graham G. Giles [Australie] ; Regina M. Santella ; Eunjung Lee [États-Unis] ; David Conti [États-Unis] ; David Duggan [États-Unis] ; Steve Gallinger [Canada] ; Robert Haile [États-Unis] ; Mark Jenkins [Australie] ; Noralane M. Lindor [États-Unis] ; Polly Newcomb [États-Unis] ; Kyriaki Michailidou [Royaume-Uni] ; Carmel Apicella [Australie] ; Daniel J. Park [Australie] ; Julian Peto [Royaume-Uni] ; Olivia Fletcher [Royaume-Uni] ; Isabel Dos Santos Silva [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark Lathrop [France] ; David J. Hunter [États-Unis] ; Stephen J. Chanock [États-Unis] ; Alfons Meindl [Allemagne] ; Rita K. Schmutzler [Allemagne] ; Bertram Müller-Myhsok [Allemagne] ; Magdalena Lochmann [Allemagne] ; Lars Beckmann [Allemagne] ; Rebecca Hein [Allemagne] ; Enes Makalic [Australie] ; Daniel F. Schmidt [Australie] ; Quang Minh Bui [Australie] ; Jennifer Stone [Australie] ; Dieter Flesch-Janys [Allemagne] ; Norbert Dahmen [Allemagne] ; Heli Nevanlinna [Finlande] ; Kristiina Aittom Ki [Finlande] ; Carl Blomqvist [Finlande] ; Per Hall [Suède] ; Kamila Czene [Suède] ; Astrid Irwanto [Singapour] ; Jianjun Liu [Singapour] ; Nazneen Rahman [Royaume-Uni] ; Clare Turnbull [Royaume-Uni] ; Alison M. Dunning [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul Pharoah [Royaume-Uni] ; Quinten Waisfisz [Pays-Bas] ; Hanne Meijers-Heijboer [Pays-Bas] ; Andre G. Uitterlinden [Pays-Bas] ; Fernando Rivadeneira [Pays-Bas] ; Dan Nicolae [États-Unis] ; Douglas F. Easton [Royaume-Uni] ; Nancy J. Cox [États-Unis] ; Alice S. Whittemore [États-Unis]Source :
- Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology [ 1055-9965 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) causes substantial loss of life and productivity, creating a major burden among women worldwide. We analyzed 1,265,548 Hapmap3 SNPs among a discovery set of 3,523 EOBC incident case and 2,702 population control women aged <=51 years. The SNPs with smallest P-values were examined in a replication set of 3,470 EOBC case and 5,475 control women. We also tested EOBC association with 19,684 genes by annotating each gene with putative functional SNPs, and then combining their P-values to obtain a gene-based P-value. We examined the gene with smallest P-value for replication in 1,145 breast cancer case and 1,142 control women. The combined discovery and replication sets identified 72 new SNPs associated with EOBC (P<4×10−8) located in six genomic regions previously reported to contain SNPs associated largely with later-onset breast cancer (LOBC). SNP rs2229882 and 10 other SNPs on chromosome 5q11.2 remained associated (P<6×10−4) after adjustment for the strongest published SNPs in the region. Thirty-two of the 82 currently known LOBC SNPs were associated with EOBC (P<0.05). Low power is likely responsible for the remaining 50 unassociated known LOBC SNPs. The gene-based analysis identified an association between breast cancer and the phosphofructokinase-muscle (PFKM) gene on chromosome 12q13.11 that met the genomewide gene-based threshold of 2.5×10−6. In conclusion, EOBC and LOBC appear to have similar genetic etiologies; the 5q11.2 region may contain multiple distinct breast cancer loci; and the PFKM gene region is worthy of further investigation. These findings should enhance our understanding of the etiology of breast cancer.
Url:
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0340
PubMed: 24493630
PubMed Central: 3990360
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Canada, Finlande, France, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Singapour, Suède, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Arizona, Bade-Wurtemberg, Bavière, Californie, Caroline du Nord, District de Haute-Bavière, District de Karlsruhe, Grand Londres, Hambourg, Hollande-Méridionale, Hollande-Septentrionale, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Svealand, Victoria (État), Washington (État), Île-de-France
- Amsterdam, Cambridge, Hambourg, Heidelberg, Londres, Mayence, Melbourne, Munich, Paris, Rotterdam, Stockholm, Évry (Essonne)
- Université de Cambridge, Université de Melbourne, Université technique de Munich
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<author><name sortKey="Mcguire, Valerie" sort="Mcguire, Valerie" uniqKey="Mcguire V" first="Valerie" last="Mcguire">Valerie Mcguire</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Felberg, Anna" sort="Felberg, Anna" uniqKey="Felberg A" first="Anna" last="Felberg">Anna Felberg</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Shi, Jianxin" sort="Shi, Jianxin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jianxin" last="Shi">Jianxin Shi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jasmine, Farzana" sort="Jasmine, Farzana" uniqKey="Jasmine F" first="Farzana" last="Jasmine">Farzana Jasmine</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Roy, Shantanu" sort="Roy, Shantanu" uniqKey="Roy S" first="Shantanu" last="Roy">Shantanu Roy</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Argos, Maria" sort="Argos, Maria" uniqKey="Argos M" first="Maria" last="Argos">Maria Argos</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Melkonian, Stephanie" sort="Melkonian, Stephanie" uniqKey="Melkonian S" first="Stephanie" last="Melkonian">Stephanie Melkonian</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chang Claude, Jenny" sort="Chang Claude, Jenny" uniqKey="Chang Claude J" first="Jenny" last="Chang-Claude">Jenny Chang-Claude</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene" sort="Andrulis, Irene" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene" last="Andrulis">Irene Andrulis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Hopper, John L" sort="Hopper, John L" uniqKey="Hopper J" first="John L" last="Hopper">John L. Hopper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
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<author><name sortKey="John, Esther M" sort="John, Esther M" uniqKey="John E" first="Esther M." last="John">Esther M. John</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
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<wicri:cityArea>Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Malone, Kathi" sort="Malone, Kathi" uniqKey="Malone K" first="Kathi" last="Malone">Kathi Malone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A12">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ursin, Giske" sort="Ursin, Giske" uniqKey="Ursin G" first="Giske" last="Ursin">Giske Ursin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Norway Cancer Registry, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Norway Cancer Registry</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gammon, Marilie D" sort="Gammon, Marilie D" uniqKey="Gammon M" first="Marilie D" last="Gammon">Marilie D. Gammon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Duncan C" sort="Thomas, Duncan C" uniqKey="Thomas D" first="Duncan C" last="Thomas">Duncan C. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seminara, Daniela" sort="Seminara, Daniela" uniqKey="Seminara D" first="Daniela" last="Seminara">Daniela Seminara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A6">Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Casey, Graham" sort="Casey, Graham" uniqKey="Casey G" first="Graham" last="Casey">Graham Casey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, Julia A" sort="Knight, Julia A" uniqKey="Knight J" first="Julia A" last="Knight">Julia A. Knight</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Toronto Ontario</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C" last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A10">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G" last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santella, Regina M" sort="Santella, Regina M" uniqKey="Santella R" first="Regina M" last="Santella">Regina M. Santella</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Eunjung" sort="Lee, Eunjung" uniqKey="Lee E" first="Eunjung" last="Lee">Eunjung Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conti, David" sort="Conti, David" uniqKey="Conti D" first="David" last="Conti">David Conti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duggan, David" sort="Duggan, David" uniqKey="Duggan D" first="David" last="Duggan">David Duggan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gallinger, Steve" sort="Gallinger, Steve" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="Steve" last="Gallinger">Steve Gallinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haile, Robert" sort="Haile, Robert" uniqKey="Haile R" first="Robert" last="Haile">Robert Haile</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Mark" sort="Jenkins, Mark" uniqKey="Jenkins M" first="Mark" last="Jenkins">Mark Jenkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindor, Noralane M" sort="Lindor, Noralane M" uniqKey="Lindor N" first="Noralane M" last="Lindor">Noralane M. Lindor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newcomb, Polly" sort="Newcomb, Polly" uniqKey="Newcomb P" first="Polly" last="Newcomb">Polly Newcomb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A12">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michailidou, Kyriaki" sort="Michailidou, Kyriaki" uniqKey="Michailidou K" first="Kyriaki" last="Michailidou">Kyriaki Michailidou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A21">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Apicella, Carmel" sort="Apicella, Carmel" uniqKey="Apicella C" first="Carmel" last="Apicella">Carmel Apicella</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Daniel J" sort="Park, Daniel J" uniqKey="Park D" first="Daniel J" last="Park">Daniel J. Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A22">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peto, Julian" sort="Peto, Julian" uniqKey="Peto J" first="Julian" last="Peto">Julian Peto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A23">Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fletcher, Olivia" sort="Fletcher, Olivia" uniqKey="Fletcher O" first="Olivia" last="Fletcher">Olivia Fletcher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A24">Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Isabel Dos Santos" sort="Silva, Isabel Dos Santos" uniqKey="Silva I" first="Isabel Dos Santos" last="Silva">Isabel Dos Santos Silva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A23">Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A25">Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Genotypage, Evry</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Évry (Essonne)</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A26">Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J" last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A27">Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J" last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A28">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meindl, Alfons" sort="Meindl, Alfons" uniqKey="Meindl A" first="Alfons" last="Meindl">Alfons Meindl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmutzler, Rita K" sort="Schmutzler, Rita K" uniqKey="Schmutzler R" first="Rita K" last="Schmutzler">Rita K. Schmutzler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" sort="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" uniqKey="Muller Myhsok B" first="Bertram" last="Müller-Myhsok">Bertram Müller-Myhsok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lochmann, Magdalena" sort="Lochmann, Magdalena" uniqKey="Lochmann M" first="Magdalena" last="Lochmann">Magdalena Lochmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Lars" sort="Beckmann, Lars" uniqKey="Beckmann L" first="Lars" last="Beckmann">Lars Beckmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hein, Rebecca" sort="Hein, Rebecca" uniqKey="Hein R" first="Rebecca" last="Hein">Rebecca Hein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Makalic, Enes" sort="Makalic, Enes" uniqKey="Makalic E" first="Enes" last="Makalic">Enes Makalic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Daniel F" sort="Schmidt, Daniel F" uniqKey="Schmidt D" first="Daniel F" last="Schmidt">Daniel F. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bui, Quang Minh" sort="Bui, Quang Minh" uniqKey="Bui Q" first="Quang Minh" last="Bui">Quang Minh Bui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stone, Jennifer" sort="Stone, Jennifer" uniqKey="Stone J" first="Jennifer" last="Stone">Jennifer Stone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flesch Janys, Dieter" sort="Flesch Janys, Dieter" uniqKey="Flesch Janys D" first="Dieter" last="Flesch-Janys">Dieter Flesch-Janys</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement>
<region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement>
<region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahmen, Norbert" sort="Dahmen, Norbert" uniqKey="Dahmen N" first="Norbert" last="Dahmen">Norbert Dahmen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region>
<settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nevanlinna, Heli" sort="Nevanlinna, Heli" uniqKey="Nevanlinna H" first="Heli" last="Nevanlinna">Heli Nevanlinna</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aittom Ki, Kristiina" sort="Aittom Ki, Kristiina" uniqKey="Aittom Ki K" first="Kristiina" last="Aittom Ki">Kristiina Aittom Ki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blomqvist, Carl" sort="Blomqvist, Carl" uniqKey="Blomqvist C" first="Carl" last="Blomqvist">Carl Blomqvist</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hall, Per" sort="Hall, Per" uniqKey="Hall P" first="Per" last="Hall">Per Hall</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Czene, Kamila" sort="Czene, Kamila" uniqKey="Czene K" first="Kamila" last="Czene">Kamila Czene</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Irwanto, Astrid" sort="Irwanto, Astrid" uniqKey="Irwanto A" first="Astrid" last="Irwanto">Astrid Irwanto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore 138672</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Jianjun" sort="Liu, Jianjun" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jianjun" last="Liu">Jianjun Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore 138672</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Nazneen" sort="Rahman, Nazneen" uniqKey="Rahman N" first="Nazneen" last="Rahman">Nazneen Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sutton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turnbull, Clare" sort="Turnbull, Clare" uniqKey="Turnbull C" first="Clare" last="Turnbull">Clare Turnbull</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sutton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dunning, Alison M" sort="Dunning, Alison M" uniqKey="Dunning A" first="Alison M." last="Dunning">Alison M. Dunning</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A43">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pharoah, Paul" sort="Pharoah, Paul" uniqKey="Pharoah P" first="Paul" last="Pharoah">Paul Pharoah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A21">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A43">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waisfisz, Quinten" sort="Waisfisz, Quinten" uniqKey="Waisfisz Q" first="Quinten" last="Waisfisz">Quinten Waisfisz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meijers Heijboer, Hanne" sort="Meijers Heijboer, Hanne" uniqKey="Meijers Heijboer H" first="Hanne" last="Meijers-Heijboer">Hanne Meijers-Heijboer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G." last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolae, Dan" sort="Nicolae, Dan" uniqKey="Nicolae D" first="Dan" last="Nicolae">Dan Nicolae</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Easton, Douglas F" sort="Easton, Douglas F" uniqKey="Easton D" first="Douglas F" last="Easton">Douglas F. Easton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A21">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A43">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J" last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whittemore, Alice S" sort="Whittemore, Alice S" uniqKey="Whittemore A" first="Alice S" last="Whittemore">Alice S. Whittemore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A46">Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Genome-wide Association Study of Early-onset Breast Cancer Identifies <italic>PFKM</italic>
as a Novel Breast Cancer Gene and Supports a Common Genetic Spectrum for Breast Cancer at Any Age</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ahsan, Habibul" sort="Ahsan, Habibul" uniqKey="Ahsan H" first="Habibul" last="Ahsan">Habibul Ahsan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halpern, Jerry" sort="Halpern, Jerry" uniqKey="Halpern J" first="Jerry" last="Halpern">Jerry Halpern</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kibriya, Muhammad G" sort="Kibriya, Muhammad G" uniqKey="Kibriya M" first="Muhammad G" last="Kibriya">Muhammad G. Kibriya</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pierce, Brandon L" sort="Pierce, Brandon L" uniqKey="Pierce B" first="Brandon L" last="Pierce">Brandon L. Pierce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tong, Lin" sort="Tong, Lin" uniqKey="Tong L" first="Lin" last="Tong">Lin Tong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gamazon, Eric" sort="Gamazon, Eric" uniqKey="Gamazon E" first="Eric" last="Gamazon">Eric Gamazon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcguire, Valerie" sort="Mcguire, Valerie" uniqKey="Mcguire V" first="Valerie" last="Mcguire">Valerie Mcguire</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Felberg, Anna" sort="Felberg, Anna" uniqKey="Felberg A" first="Anna" last="Felberg">Anna Felberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Jianxin" sort="Shi, Jianxin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jianxin" last="Shi">Jianxin Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A6">Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jasmine, Farzana" sort="Jasmine, Farzana" uniqKey="Jasmine F" first="Farzana" last="Jasmine">Farzana Jasmine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roy, Shantanu" sort="Roy, Shantanu" uniqKey="Roy S" first="Shantanu" last="Roy">Shantanu Roy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brutus, Rachelle" sort="Brutus, Rachelle" uniqKey="Brutus R" first="Rachelle" last="Brutus">Rachelle Brutus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Argos, Maria" sort="Argos, Maria" uniqKey="Argos M" first="Maria" last="Argos">Maria Argos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melkonian, Stephanie" sort="Melkonian, Stephanie" uniqKey="Melkonian S" first="Stephanie" last="Melkonian">Stephanie Melkonian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang Claude, Jenny" sort="Chang Claude, Jenny" uniqKey="Chang Claude J" first="Jenny" last="Chang-Claude">Jenny Chang-Claude</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene" sort="Andrulis, Irene" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene" last="Andrulis">Irene Andrulis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Toronto Ontario</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hopper, John L" sort="Hopper, John L" uniqKey="Hopper J" first="John L" last="Hopper">John L. Hopper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="John, Esther M" sort="John, Esther M" uniqKey="John E" first="Esther M." last="John">Esther M. John</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A11">Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malone, Kathi" sort="Malone, Kathi" uniqKey="Malone K" first="Kathi" last="Malone">Kathi Malone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A12">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ursin, Giske" sort="Ursin, Giske" uniqKey="Ursin G" first="Giske" last="Ursin">Giske Ursin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Norway Cancer Registry, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Norway Cancer Registry</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gammon, Marilie D" sort="Gammon, Marilie D" uniqKey="Gammon M" first="Marilie D" last="Gammon">Marilie D. Gammon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Duncan C" sort="Thomas, Duncan C" uniqKey="Thomas D" first="Duncan C" last="Thomas">Duncan C. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seminara, Daniela" sort="Seminara, Daniela" uniqKey="Seminara D" first="Daniela" last="Seminara">Daniela Seminara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A6">Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Casey, Graham" sort="Casey, Graham" uniqKey="Casey G" first="Graham" last="Casey">Graham Casey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, Julia A" sort="Knight, Julia A" uniqKey="Knight J" first="Julia A" last="Knight">Julia A. Knight</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Toronto Ontario</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C" last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A10">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G" last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santella, Regina M" sort="Santella, Regina M" uniqKey="Santella R" first="Regina M" last="Santella">Regina M. Santella</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Eunjung" sort="Lee, Eunjung" uniqKey="Lee E" first="Eunjung" last="Lee">Eunjung Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conti, David" sort="Conti, David" uniqKey="Conti D" first="David" last="Conti">David Conti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duggan, David" sort="Duggan, David" uniqKey="Duggan D" first="David" last="Duggan">David Duggan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gallinger, Steve" sort="Gallinger, Steve" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="Steve" last="Gallinger">Steve Gallinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haile, Robert" sort="Haile, Robert" uniqKey="Haile R" first="Robert" last="Haile">Robert Haile</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Mark" sort="Jenkins, Mark" uniqKey="Jenkins M" first="Mark" last="Jenkins">Mark Jenkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindor, Noralane M" sort="Lindor, Noralane M" uniqKey="Lindor N" first="Noralane M" last="Lindor">Noralane M. Lindor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newcomb, Polly" sort="Newcomb, Polly" uniqKey="Newcomb P" first="Polly" last="Newcomb">Polly Newcomb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A12">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michailidou, Kyriaki" sort="Michailidou, Kyriaki" uniqKey="Michailidou K" first="Kyriaki" last="Michailidou">Kyriaki Michailidou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A21">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Apicella, Carmel" sort="Apicella, Carmel" uniqKey="Apicella C" first="Carmel" last="Apicella">Carmel Apicella</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Daniel J" sort="Park, Daniel J" uniqKey="Park D" first="Daniel J" last="Park">Daniel J. Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A22">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peto, Julian" sort="Peto, Julian" uniqKey="Peto J" first="Julian" last="Peto">Julian Peto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A23">Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fletcher, Olivia" sort="Fletcher, Olivia" uniqKey="Fletcher O" first="Olivia" last="Fletcher">Olivia Fletcher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A24">Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Isabel Dos Santos" sort="Silva, Isabel Dos Santos" uniqKey="Silva I" first="Isabel Dos Santos" last="Silva">Isabel Dos Santos Silva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A23">Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A25">Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Genotypage, Evry</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Évry (Essonne)</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A26">Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J" last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A27">Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J" last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A28">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meindl, Alfons" sort="Meindl, Alfons" uniqKey="Meindl A" first="Alfons" last="Meindl">Alfons Meindl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmutzler, Rita K" sort="Schmutzler, Rita K" uniqKey="Schmutzler R" first="Rita K" last="Schmutzler">Rita K. Schmutzler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" sort="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" uniqKey="Muller Myhsok B" first="Bertram" last="Müller-Myhsok">Bertram Müller-Myhsok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lochmann, Magdalena" sort="Lochmann, Magdalena" uniqKey="Lochmann M" first="Magdalena" last="Lochmann">Magdalena Lochmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Lars" sort="Beckmann, Lars" uniqKey="Beckmann L" first="Lars" last="Beckmann">Lars Beckmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hein, Rebecca" sort="Hein, Rebecca" uniqKey="Hein R" first="Rebecca" last="Hein">Rebecca Hein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Makalic, Enes" sort="Makalic, Enes" uniqKey="Makalic E" first="Enes" last="Makalic">Enes Makalic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Daniel F" sort="Schmidt, Daniel F" uniqKey="Schmidt D" first="Daniel F" last="Schmidt">Daniel F. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bui, Quang Minh" sort="Bui, Quang Minh" uniqKey="Bui Q" first="Quang Minh" last="Bui">Quang Minh Bui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stone, Jennifer" sort="Stone, Jennifer" uniqKey="Stone J" first="Jennifer" last="Stone">Jennifer Stone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flesch Janys, Dieter" sort="Flesch Janys, Dieter" uniqKey="Flesch Janys D" first="Dieter" last="Flesch-Janys">Dieter Flesch-Janys</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement>
<region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement>
<region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahmen, Norbert" sort="Dahmen, Norbert" uniqKey="Dahmen N" first="Norbert" last="Dahmen">Norbert Dahmen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region>
<settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nevanlinna, Heli" sort="Nevanlinna, Heli" uniqKey="Nevanlinna H" first="Heli" last="Nevanlinna">Heli Nevanlinna</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aittom Ki, Kristiina" sort="Aittom Ki, Kristiina" uniqKey="Aittom Ki K" first="Kristiina" last="Aittom Ki">Kristiina Aittom Ki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blomqvist, Carl" sort="Blomqvist, Carl" uniqKey="Blomqvist C" first="Carl" last="Blomqvist">Carl Blomqvist</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hall, Per" sort="Hall, Per" uniqKey="Hall P" first="Per" last="Hall">Per Hall</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Czene, Kamila" sort="Czene, Kamila" uniqKey="Czene K" first="Kamila" last="Czene">Kamila Czene</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Irwanto, Astrid" sort="Irwanto, Astrid" uniqKey="Irwanto A" first="Astrid" last="Irwanto">Astrid Irwanto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore 138672</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Jianjun" sort="Liu, Jianjun" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jianjun" last="Liu">Jianjun Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore 138672</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Nazneen" sort="Rahman, Nazneen" uniqKey="Rahman N" first="Nazneen" last="Rahman">Nazneen Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sutton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turnbull, Clare" sort="Turnbull, Clare" uniqKey="Turnbull C" first="Clare" last="Turnbull">Clare Turnbull</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sutton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dunning, Alison M" sort="Dunning, Alison M" uniqKey="Dunning A" first="Alison M." last="Dunning">Alison M. Dunning</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A43">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pharoah, Paul" sort="Pharoah, Paul" uniqKey="Pharoah P" first="Paul" last="Pharoah">Paul Pharoah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A21">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A43">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waisfisz, Quinten" sort="Waisfisz, Quinten" uniqKey="Waisfisz Q" first="Quinten" last="Waisfisz">Quinten Waisfisz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meijers Heijboer, Hanne" sort="Meijers Heijboer, Hanne" uniqKey="Meijers Heijboer H" first="Hanne" last="Meijers-Heijboer">Hanne Meijers-Heijboer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G." last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolae, Dan" sort="Nicolae, Dan" uniqKey="Nicolae D" first="Dan" last="Nicolae">Dan Nicolae</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Easton, Douglas F" sort="Easton, Douglas F" uniqKey="Easton D" first="Douglas F" last="Easton">Douglas F. Easton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A21">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A43">Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J" last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whittemore, Alice S" sort="Whittemore, Alice S" uniqKey="Whittemore A" first="Alice S" last="Whittemore">Alice S. Whittemore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A46">Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1055-9965</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1538-7755</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) causes substantial loss of life and productivity, creating a major burden among women worldwide. We analyzed 1,265,548 Hapmap3 SNPs among a discovery set of 3,523 EOBC incident case and 2,702 population control women aged <=51 years. The SNPs with smallest P-values were examined in a replication set of 3,470 EOBC case and 5,475 control women. We also tested EOBC association with 19,684 genes by annotating each gene with putative functional SNPs, and then combining their P-values to obtain a gene-based P-value. We examined the gene with smallest P-value for replication in 1,145 breast cancer case and 1,142 control women. The combined discovery and replication sets identified 72 new SNPs associated with EOBC (P<4×10<sup>−8</sup>
) located in six genomic regions previously reported to contain SNPs associated largely with later-onset breast cancer (LOBC). SNP rs2229882 and 10 other SNPs on chromosome 5q11.2 remained associated (P<6×10<sup>−4</sup>
) after adjustment for the strongest published SNPs in the region. Thirty-two of the 82 currently known LOBC SNPs were associated with EOBC (P<0.05). Low power is likely responsible for the remaining 50 unassociated known LOBC SNPs. The gene-based analysis identified an association between breast cancer and the phosphofructokinase-muscle (PFKM) gene on chromosome 12q13.11 that met the genomewide gene-based threshold of 2.5×10<sup>−6</sup>
. In conclusion, EOBC and LOBC appear to have similar genetic etiologies; the 5q11.2 region may contain multiple distinct breast cancer loci; and the PFKM gene region is worthy of further investigation. These findings should enhance our understanding of the etiology of breast cancer.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9200608</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2299</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1055-9965</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1538-7755</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24493630</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3990360</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0340</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS563387</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>A Genome-wide Association Study of Early-onset Breast Cancer Identifies <italic>PFKM</italic>
as a Novel Breast Cancer Gene and Supports a Common Genetic Spectrum for Breast Cancer at Any Age</article-title>
</title-group>
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<given-names>Heli</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aittomäki</surname>
<given-names>Kristiina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A38">38</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blomqvist</surname>
<given-names>Carl</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hall</surname>
<given-names>Per</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Czene</surname>
<given-names>Kamila</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Irwanto</surname>
<given-names>Astrid</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Jianjun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rahman</surname>
<given-names>Nazneen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turnbull</surname>
<given-names>Clare</given-names>
</name>
<on-behalf-of>for the Familial Breast Cancer Study</on-behalf-of>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dunning</surname>
<given-names>Alison M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pharoah</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waisfisz</surname>
<given-names>Quinten</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meijers-Heijboer</surname>
<given-names>Hanne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uitterlinden</surname>
<given-names>Andre G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivadeneira</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nicolae</surname>
<given-names>Dan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Easton</surname>
<given-names>Douglas F</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cox</surname>
<given-names>Nancy J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Whittemore</surname>
<given-names>Alice S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA</aff>
<aff id="A12"><label>12</label>
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA</aff>
<aff id="A13"><label>13</label>
Norway Cancer Registry, Norway</aff>
<aff id="A14"><label>14</label>
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC</aff>
<aff id="A15"><label>15</label>
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA</aff>
<aff id="A16"><label>16</label>
Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A17"><label>17</label>
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health</aff>
<aff id="A18"><label>18</label>
Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ</aff>
<aff id="A19"><label>19</label>
Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A20"><label>20</label>
Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA</aff>
<aff id="A21"><label>21</label>
Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A22"><label>22</label>
Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A23"><label>23</label>
Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A24"><label>24</label>
Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A25"><label>25</label>
Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France</aff>
<aff id="A26"><label>26</label>
Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A27"><label>27</label>
Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A28"><label>28</label>
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</aff>
<aff id="A29"><label>29</label>
Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A30"><label>30</label>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A31"><label>31</label>
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A32"><label>32</label>
Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A33"><label>33</label>
PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A34"><label>34</label>
Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A35"><label>35</label>
Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A36"><label>36</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A37"><label>37</label>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A38"><label>38</label>
Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A39"><label>39</label>
Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A40"><label>40</label>
Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A41"><label>41</label>
Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore</aff>
<aff id="A42"><label>42</label>
Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK</aff>
<aff id="A43"><label>43</label>
Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A44"><label>44</label>
Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A45"><label>45</label>
Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A46"><label>46</label>
Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>#</label>
Correspondence to: Habibul Ahsan, Louis Block Professor of Health Studies, Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60615, USA. Tel: +1 773 834 9956; <email>habib@uchicago.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>28</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>658</fpage>
<lpage>669</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0340</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) causes substantial loss of life and productivity, creating a major burden among women worldwide. We analyzed 1,265,548 Hapmap3 SNPs among a discovery set of 3,523 EOBC incident case and 2,702 population control women aged <=51 years. The SNPs with smallest P-values were examined in a replication set of 3,470 EOBC case and 5,475 control women. We also tested EOBC association with 19,684 genes by annotating each gene with putative functional SNPs, and then combining their P-values to obtain a gene-based P-value. We examined the gene with smallest P-value for replication in 1,145 breast cancer case and 1,142 control women. The combined discovery and replication sets identified 72 new SNPs associated with EOBC (P<4×10<sup>−8</sup>
) located in six genomic regions previously reported to contain SNPs associated largely with later-onset breast cancer (LOBC). SNP rs2229882 and 10 other SNPs on chromosome 5q11.2 remained associated (P<6×10<sup>−4</sup>
) after adjustment for the strongest published SNPs in the region. Thirty-two of the 82 currently known LOBC SNPs were associated with EOBC (P<0.05). Low power is likely responsible for the remaining 50 unassociated known LOBC SNPs. The gene-based analysis identified an association between breast cancer and the phosphofructokinase-muscle (PFKM) gene on chromosome 12q13.11 that met the genomewide gene-based threshold of 2.5×10<sup>−6</sup>
. In conclusion, EOBC and LOBC appear to have similar genetic etiologies; the 5q11.2 region may contain multiple distinct breast cancer loci; and the PFKM gene region is worthy of further investigation. These findings should enhance our understanding of the etiology of breast cancer.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Finlande</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Norvège</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Singapour</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Angleterre de l'Est</li>
<li>Arizona</li>
<li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>Bavière</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Caroline du Nord</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>District de Karlsruhe</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Hambourg</li>
<li>Hollande-Méridionale</li>
<li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li>
<li>Illinois</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Rhénanie-Palatinat</li>
<li>Svealand</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
<li>Washington (État)</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Amsterdam</li>
<li>Cambridge</li>
<li>Hambourg</li>
<li>Heidelberg</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Mayence</li>
<li>Melbourne</li>
<li>Munich</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Rotterdam</li>
<li>Stockholm</li>
<li>Évry (Essonne)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Cambridge</li>
<li>Université de Melbourne</li>
<li>Université technique de Munich</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene" sort="Andrulis, Irene" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene" last="Andrulis">Irene Andrulis</name>
<name sortKey="Knight, Julia A" sort="Knight, Julia A" uniqKey="Knight J" first="Julia A" last="Knight">Julia A. Knight</name>
<name sortKey="Santella, Regina M" sort="Santella, Regina M" uniqKey="Santella R" first="Regina M" last="Santella">Regina M. Santella</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Illinois"><name sortKey="Ahsan, Habibul" sort="Ahsan, Habibul" uniqKey="Ahsan H" first="Habibul" last="Ahsan">Habibul Ahsan</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Ahsan, Habibul" sort="Ahsan, Habibul" uniqKey="Ahsan H" first="Habibul" last="Ahsan">Habibul Ahsan</name>
<name sortKey="Ahsan, Habibul" sort="Ahsan, Habibul" uniqKey="Ahsan H" first="Habibul" last="Ahsan">Habibul Ahsan</name>
<name sortKey="Ahsan, Habibul" sort="Ahsan, Habibul" uniqKey="Ahsan H" first="Habibul" last="Ahsan">Habibul Ahsan</name>
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<name sortKey="Casey, Graham" sort="Casey, Graham" uniqKey="Casey G" first="Graham" last="Casey">Graham Casey</name>
<name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J" last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name>
<name sortKey="Conti, David" sort="Conti, David" uniqKey="Conti D" first="David" last="Conti">David Conti</name>
<name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J" last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J" last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J" last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<name sortKey="Duggan, David" sort="Duggan, David" uniqKey="Duggan D" first="David" last="Duggan">David Duggan</name>
<name sortKey="Felberg, Anna" sort="Felberg, Anna" uniqKey="Felberg A" first="Anna" last="Felberg">Anna Felberg</name>
<name sortKey="Gamazon, Eric" sort="Gamazon, Eric" uniqKey="Gamazon E" first="Eric" last="Gamazon">Eric Gamazon</name>
<name sortKey="Gammon, Marilie D" sort="Gammon, Marilie D" uniqKey="Gammon M" first="Marilie D" last="Gammon">Marilie D. Gammon</name>
<name sortKey="Haile, Robert" sort="Haile, Robert" uniqKey="Haile R" first="Robert" last="Haile">Robert Haile</name>
<name sortKey="Halpern, Jerry" sort="Halpern, Jerry" uniqKey="Halpern J" first="Jerry" last="Halpern">Jerry Halpern</name>
<name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J" last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
<name sortKey="Jasmine, Farzana" sort="Jasmine, Farzana" uniqKey="Jasmine F" first="Farzana" last="Jasmine">Farzana Jasmine</name>
<name sortKey="John, Esther M" sort="John, Esther M" uniqKey="John E" first="Esther M." last="John">Esther M. John</name>
<name sortKey="Kibriya, Muhammad G" sort="Kibriya, Muhammad G" uniqKey="Kibriya M" first="Muhammad G" last="Kibriya">Muhammad G. Kibriya</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Eunjung" sort="Lee, Eunjung" uniqKey="Lee E" first="Eunjung" last="Lee">Eunjung Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lindor, Noralane M" sort="Lindor, Noralane M" uniqKey="Lindor N" first="Noralane M" last="Lindor">Noralane M. Lindor</name>
<name sortKey="Malone, Kathi" sort="Malone, Kathi" uniqKey="Malone K" first="Kathi" last="Malone">Kathi Malone</name>
<name sortKey="Mcguire, Valerie" sort="Mcguire, Valerie" uniqKey="Mcguire V" first="Valerie" last="Mcguire">Valerie Mcguire</name>
<name sortKey="Melkonian, Stephanie" sort="Melkonian, Stephanie" uniqKey="Melkonian S" first="Stephanie" last="Melkonian">Stephanie Melkonian</name>
<name sortKey="Newcomb, Polly" sort="Newcomb, Polly" uniqKey="Newcomb P" first="Polly" last="Newcomb">Polly Newcomb</name>
<name sortKey="Nicolae, Dan" sort="Nicolae, Dan" uniqKey="Nicolae D" first="Dan" last="Nicolae">Dan Nicolae</name>
<name sortKey="Pierce, Brandon L" sort="Pierce, Brandon L" uniqKey="Pierce B" first="Brandon L" last="Pierce">Brandon L. Pierce</name>
<name sortKey="Pierce, Brandon L" sort="Pierce, Brandon L" uniqKey="Pierce B" first="Brandon L" last="Pierce">Brandon L. Pierce</name>
<name sortKey="Roy, Shantanu" sort="Roy, Shantanu" uniqKey="Roy S" first="Shantanu" last="Roy">Shantanu Roy</name>
<name sortKey="Seminara, Daniela" sort="Seminara, Daniela" uniqKey="Seminara D" first="Daniela" last="Seminara">Daniela Seminara</name>
<name sortKey="Shi, Jianxin" sort="Shi, Jianxin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jianxin" last="Shi">Jianxin Shi</name>
<name sortKey="Thomas, Duncan C" sort="Thomas, Duncan C" uniqKey="Thomas D" first="Duncan C" last="Thomas">Duncan C. Thomas</name>
<name sortKey="Tong, Lin" sort="Tong, Lin" uniqKey="Tong L" first="Lin" last="Tong">Lin Tong</name>
<name sortKey="Whittemore, Alice S" sort="Whittemore, Alice S" uniqKey="Whittemore A" first="Alice S" last="Whittemore">Alice S. Whittemore</name>
<name sortKey="Whittemore, Alice S" sort="Whittemore, Alice S" uniqKey="Whittemore A" first="Alice S" last="Whittemore">Alice S. Whittemore</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bade-Wurtemberg"><name sortKey="Chang Claude, Jenny" sort="Chang Claude, Jenny" uniqKey="Chang Claude J" first="Jenny" last="Chang-Claude">Jenny Chang-Claude</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Beckmann, Lars" sort="Beckmann, Lars" uniqKey="Beckmann L" first="Lars" last="Beckmann">Lars Beckmann</name>
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<name sortKey="Flesch Janys, Dieter" sort="Flesch Janys, Dieter" uniqKey="Flesch Janys D" first="Dieter" last="Flesch-Janys">Dieter Flesch-Janys</name>
<name sortKey="Flesch Janys, Dieter" sort="Flesch Janys, Dieter" uniqKey="Flesch Janys D" first="Dieter" last="Flesch-Janys">Dieter Flesch-Janys</name>
<name sortKey="Hein, Rebecca" sort="Hein, Rebecca" uniqKey="Hein R" first="Rebecca" last="Hein">Rebecca Hein</name>
<name sortKey="Hein, Rebecca" sort="Hein, Rebecca" uniqKey="Hein R" first="Rebecca" last="Hein">Rebecca Hein</name>
<name sortKey="Lochmann, Magdalena" sort="Lochmann, Magdalena" uniqKey="Lochmann M" first="Magdalena" last="Lochmann">Magdalena Lochmann</name>
<name sortKey="Meindl, Alfons" sort="Meindl, Alfons" uniqKey="Meindl A" first="Alfons" last="Meindl">Alfons Meindl</name>
<name sortKey="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" sort="Muller Myhsok, Bertram" uniqKey="Muller Myhsok B" first="Bertram" last="Müller-Myhsok">Bertram Müller-Myhsok</name>
<name sortKey="Schmutzler, Rita K" sort="Schmutzler, Rita K" uniqKey="Schmutzler R" first="Rita K" last="Schmutzler">Rita K. Schmutzler</name>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Hopper, John L" sort="Hopper, John L" uniqKey="Hopper J" first="John L" last="Hopper">John L. Hopper</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Apicella, Carmel" sort="Apicella, Carmel" uniqKey="Apicella C" first="Carmel" last="Apicella">Carmel Apicella</name>
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<name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G" last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name>
<name sortKey="Jenkins, Mark" sort="Jenkins, Mark" uniqKey="Jenkins M" first="Mark" last="Jenkins">Mark Jenkins</name>
<name sortKey="Makalic, Enes" sort="Makalic, Enes" uniqKey="Makalic E" first="Enes" last="Makalic">Enes Makalic</name>
<name sortKey="Park, Daniel J" sort="Park, Daniel J" uniqKey="Park D" first="Daniel J" last="Park">Daniel J. Park</name>
<name sortKey="Schmidt, Daniel F" sort="Schmidt, Daniel F" uniqKey="Schmidt D" first="Daniel F" last="Schmidt">Daniel F. Schmidt</name>
<name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C" last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name>
<name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C" last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name>
<name sortKey="Stone, Jennifer" sort="Stone, Jennifer" uniqKey="Stone J" first="Jennifer" last="Stone">Jennifer Stone</name>
</country>
<country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ursin, Giske" sort="Ursin, Giske" uniqKey="Ursin G" first="Giske" last="Ursin">Giske Ursin</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gallinger, Steve" sort="Gallinger, Steve" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="Steve" last="Gallinger">Steve Gallinger</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
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</region>
<name sortKey="Dunning, Alison M" sort="Dunning, Alison M" uniqKey="Dunning A" first="Alison M." last="Dunning">Alison M. Dunning</name>
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<name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name>
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