The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the relationship between cognitive reserve and executive function
Identifieur interne : 000C90 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000C89; suivant : 000C91The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the relationship between cognitive reserve and executive function
Auteurs : D D Ward [Australie] ; M J Summers [Australie] ; N L Saunders [Australie] ; K. Ritchie [Royaume-Uni, France] ; J J Summers [Australie, Royaume-Uni] ; J C Vickers [Australie]Source :
- Translational Psychiatry [ 2158-3188 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed to account for observed discrepancies between pathology and its clinical manifestation due to underlying differences in brain structure and function. In 433 healthy older adults participating in the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project, we investigated whether common polymorphic variations in apolipoprotein E (
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.82
PubMed: 26125153
PubMed Central: 4490292
Affiliations:
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Ritchie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Neuroepidemiology of Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Inserm, U1061 Neuropsychiatry</institution>, Montpellier,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Summers, J J" sort="Summers, J J" uniqKey="Summers J" first="J J" last="Summers">J J Summers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Medicine, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University</institution>, Liverpool,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vickers, J C" sort="Vickers, J C" uniqKey="Vickers J" first="J C" last="Vickers">J C Vickers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Medicine, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26125153</idno><idno type="pmc">4490292</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490292</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4490292</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/tp.2015.82</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000878</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000878</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000C90</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000C90</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the relationship between cognitive reserve and executive function</title><author><name sortKey="Ward, D D" sort="Ward, D D" uniqKey="Ward D" first="D D" last="Ward">D D Ward</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Medicine, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Summers, M J" sort="Summers, M J" uniqKey="Summers M" first="M J" last="Summers">M J Summers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast</institution>, Sippy Downs, QLD,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saunders, N L" sort="Saunders, N L" uniqKey="Saunders N" first="N L" last="Saunders">N L Saunders</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, K" sort="Ritchie, K" uniqKey="Ritchie K" first="K" last="Ritchie">K. Ritchie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Neuroepidemiology of Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Inserm, U1061 Neuropsychiatry</institution>, Montpellier,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Summers, J J" sort="Summers, J J" uniqKey="Summers J" first="J J" last="Summers">J J Summers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Medicine, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University</institution>, Liverpool,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vickers, J C" sort="Vickers, J C" uniqKey="Vickers J" first="J C" last="Vickers">J C Vickers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Medicine, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Translational Psychiatry</title><idno type="eISSN">2158-3188</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed to account for observed discrepancies between pathology and its clinical manifestation due to underlying differences in brain structure and function. In 433 healthy older adults participating in the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project, we investigated whether common polymorphic variations in apolipoprotein E (<italic>APOE</italic>) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<italic>BDNF)</italic> influenced the association between CR contributors and cognitive function in older adults. We show that <italic>BDNF</italic> Val66Met moderates the association between CR and executive function. CR accounted for 8.5% of the variance in executive function in <italic>BDNF</italic> Val homozygotes, but CR was a nonsignificant predictor in <italic>BDNF</italic> Met carriers. <italic>APOE</italic> polymorphisms were not linked to the influence of CR on cognitive function. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Transl Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Transl Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Translational Psychiatry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2158-3188</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26125153</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4490292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">tp201582</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/tp.2015.82</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the relationship between cognitive reserve and executive function</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">BDNF Val66Met moderates CR and executive function</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ward</surname><given-names>D D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Summers</surname><given-names>M J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saunders</surname><given-names>N L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ritchie</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Summers</surname><given-names>J J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vickers</surname><given-names>J C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>School of Medicine, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania</institution>, Hobart, TAS,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast</institution>, Sippy Downs, QLD,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Neuroepidemiology of Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>Inserm, U1061 Neuropsychiatry</institution>, Montpellier,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University</institution>, Liverpool,<country>UK</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>School of Social Sciences (ML32), University of the Sunshine Coast</institution>, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, <country>Australia</country>. E-mail: <email>msummers@usc.edu.au</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>e590</fpage><lpage></lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed to account for observed discrepancies between pathology and its clinical manifestation due to underlying differences in brain structure and function. In 433 healthy older adults participating in the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project, we investigated whether common polymorphic variations in apolipoprotein E (<italic>APOE</italic>) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<italic>BDNF)</italic> influenced the association between CR contributors and cognitive function in older adults. We show that <italic>BDNF</italic> Val66Met moderates the association between CR and executive function. CR accounted for 8.5% of the variance in executive function in <italic>BDNF</italic> Val homozygotes, but CR was a nonsignificant predictor in <italic>BDNF</italic> Met carriers. <italic>APOE</italic> polymorphisms were not linked to the influence of CR on cognitive function. This result implicates <italic>BDNF</italic> in having an important role in capacity for building or accessing CR.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><italic>BDNF</italic> Val66Met moderates the relationship between CR and executive function scores. The plot represents age- and gender-adjusted executive function performance as predicted by the composite CR proxy variable for those with low CR (CR scores less than the mean–1s.d.) and high CR (CR scores greater than the mean+1s.d.) for <italic>BDNF</italic> Met carriers and Val homozygotes, separately. <italic>BDNF</italic>, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CR, cognitive reserve.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="tp201582f1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Descriptive statistics for the study population stratified by <italic>APOE</italic> and <italic>BDNF</italic> genotypes</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Characteristic</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">N</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>APOE status</italic><hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>BDNF status</italic><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>ɛ4-</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>ɛ4+</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">P</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>Met-</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>Met+</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">P</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="8" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Demographics</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Age (years)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">422</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">62.31 (6.83)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">61.67 (6.69)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.53</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">62.16 (6.85)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">61.99 (6.68)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.81</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Gender (male/female %)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">422</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">31.9/68.1</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">35.8/64.2</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">31.6/68.4</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">36.4/63.6</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Genotype (%)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">422</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">67.5</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">32.5</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">66.8</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">33.2</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="8" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Screening</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> DRS-2 AEMSS</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">422</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">11.93 (2.12)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">12.16 (2.03)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.56</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">12.04 (2.10)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">11.93 (2.08)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.61</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> HADS anxiety</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5.21 (3.12)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5.35 (2.97)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.39</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5.35 (3.19)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5.07 (2.80)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.38</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> HADS depression</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.36 (2.14)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.58 (2.34)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.24</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.42 (2.26)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.45 (2.10)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.91</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="8" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Cognitive reserve</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib28">28</xref></sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> WTAR Est. FSIQ</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">112.57 (5.39)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">112.16 (5.94)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.86</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">112.40 (5.49)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">112.51 (5.76)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.85</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Prior education (years)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">422</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">14.13 (2.81)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">13.61 (2.59)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.19</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">13.73 (2.72)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">14.44 (2.75)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> LEQ young adulthood specific</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">16.19 (7.93)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">15.51 (7.65)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.41</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">15.56 (7.61)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">16.78 (8.25)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.13</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> LEQ young adulthood nonspecific</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">24.71 (5.54)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">24.93 (5.11)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.19</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">24.42 (5.45)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">25.52 (5.23)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> LEQ midlife specific</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">420</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">19.07 (5.01)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">19.06 (4.93)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.45</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">19.09 (4.82)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">19.02 (5.28)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.90</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> LEQ midlife nonspecific</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">420</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">24.37 (5.55)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">24.36 (5.60)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.46</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">24.08 (5.72)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">24.93 (5.20)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.14</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> LEQ continuing education bonus</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">418</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">10.22 (8.79)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">9.38 (8.01)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.46</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">9.95 (8.45)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">9.94 (8.75)</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.99</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t1-fn1"><p>Abbreviations: AEMSS, age- and education-corrected Mayo Older American normative Studies (MOANS) scaled score; <italic>APOE</italic>, apolipoprotein E; <italic>BDNF</italic>, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; DRS-2, Dementia Rating Scale-2; FSIQ, full-scale intelligence quotient; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; LEQ, Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire; WTAR, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading.</p></fn><fn id="t1-fn2"><p>Note: data represented are mean values (s.d.) for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variable. ɛ4−/Met−=participants not carrying the <italic>APOE</italic> ɛ4/<italic>BDNF</italic> Met alleles; ɛ4+/Met+=participants carrying at least one copy of the <italic>APOE</italic> ɛ4/<italic>BDNF</italic> Met alleles.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Factor analysis results for composite cognitive domain variables</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="char" char="("></col><col align="center"></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Cognitive domain</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>Initial eigenvalue</italic></th><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Variable</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">N</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>Mean</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>s.d.</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>Loading</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Episodic memory</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.50 (62.46%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">RAVLT 1-5 total</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">52.96</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">8.92</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.76</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">LM I immediate recall total</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">48.43</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">8.07</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.89</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">LM II delayed recall total</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">30.29</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6.28</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.86</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">PAL first trial memory score</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">18.35</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3.46</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.63</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Working memory</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.04 (50.93%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Digit span</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">18.63</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3.90</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.76</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Letter–number sequencing</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">11.59</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.40</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.79</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">SWM between errors</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">25.36</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">18.64</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.63</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">SSP length</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">407</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5.75</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.20</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.66</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Executive function</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1.80 (59.83%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Stroop trial C</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">403</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">26.26</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">7.63</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.76</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">RVP A′</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">403</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.91</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.05</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.81</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">TMT trial B</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">403</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">59.09</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">18.82</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.75</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Language processing</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1.88 (62.81%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">WAIS vocabulary</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">56.62</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6.23</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.88</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">WAIS comprehension</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">26.21</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3.33</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.77</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Boston naming test</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">421</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">57.49</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3.42</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.72</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t2-fn1"><p>Abbreviations: LM, logical memory; RAVLT, Rey auditory verbal learning test; RVP, rapid visual processing; SSP, spatial span; SWM, spatial working memory; TMT, trail making test; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.</p></fn><fn id="t2-fn2"><p>Note: data in parentheses represent the proportion of variance (%) explained by the resulting factor.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Results of the regression analyses for cognitive domain data</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col><col align="char" char="."></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Cognitive domain</italic></th><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Predictor</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">N</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">β</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>s.e.</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">t</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">P</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">R<sup><italic>2</italic></sup><italic>change</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">F</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Episodic memory</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Age</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−6.25</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.05</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.02</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.56</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold>0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Gender</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.53</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5.40</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold><0.001</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.06</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.57</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.57</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.09</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.93</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.32</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.75</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.06</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−1.40</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.16</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.97</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Working memory</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Age</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.05</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−7.18</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.07</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.02</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3.26</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Gender</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−1.03</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.31</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.06</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.64</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.52</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.12</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−1.19</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.24</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.99</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.33</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.97</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">401</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.98</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.33</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.96</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Executive function</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Age</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">397</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.06</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−9.25</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">397</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.11</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.02</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5.40</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Gender</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">397</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.19</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold>0.045</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">397</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.13</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.36</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.21</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">397</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.09</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.05</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.96</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">397</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.02</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.41</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.68</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.17</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">397</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.08</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−1.97</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold>0.049</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3.88</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Language processing</td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Age</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">415</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.01</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.36</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.62</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">415</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.16</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.02</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">8.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Gender</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">415</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.16</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−1.67</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">415</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.08</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.79</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.43</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">415</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.07</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.10</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.78</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.44</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × APOE</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">415</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.03</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.60</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.55</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.36</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CR × BDNF</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">415</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−0.07</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.04</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">−1.35</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.00</td><td align="char" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.82</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t3-fn1"><p>Abbreviations: APOE, apolipoprotein E; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CR, cognitive reserve.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn2"><p>Note: APOE and BDNF main and interaction effects were tested in separate models.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn3"><p>Bold values are statistically significant values with <italic>P</italic><0.05.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ward, D D" sort="Ward, D D" uniqKey="Ward D" first="D D" last="Ward">D D Ward</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Saunders, N L" sort="Saunders, N L" uniqKey="Saunders N" first="N L" last="Saunders">N L Saunders</name><name sortKey="Summers, J J" sort="Summers, J J" uniqKey="Summers J" first="J J" last="Summers">J J Summers</name><name sortKey="Summers, M J" sort="Summers, M J" uniqKey="Summers M" first="M J" last="Summers">M J Summers</name><name sortKey="Summers, M J" sort="Summers, M J" uniqKey="Summers M" first="M J" last="Summers">M J Summers</name><name sortKey="Vickers, J C" sort="Vickers, J C" uniqKey="Vickers J" first="J C" last="Vickers">J C Vickers</name><name sortKey="Vickers, J C" sort="Vickers, J C" uniqKey="Vickers J" first="J C" last="Vickers">J C Vickers</name><name sortKey="Ward, D D" sort="Ward, D D" uniqKey="Ward D" first="D D" last="Ward">D D Ward</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ritchie, K" sort="Ritchie, K" uniqKey="Ritchie K" first="K" last="Ritchie">K. Ritchie</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Summers, J J" sort="Summers, J J" uniqKey="Summers J" first="J J" last="Summers">J J Summers</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ritchie, K" sort="Ritchie, K" uniqKey="Ritchie K" first="K" last="Ritchie">K. Ritchie</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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