Global marine protected areas do not secure the evolutionary history of tropical corals and fishes
Identifieur interne : 000892 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000891; suivant : 000893Global marine protected areas do not secure the evolutionary history of tropical corals and fishes
Auteurs : D. Mouillot [France, Australie] ; V. Parravicini [France] ; D. R. Bellwood [Australie] ; F. Leprieur [France] ; D. Huang [Singapour] ; P. F. Cowman [États-Unis] ; C. Albouy [Canada] ; T. P. Hughes [Australie] ; W. Thuiller [France] ; F. Guilhaumon [France]Source :
- Nature Communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Although coral reefs support the largest concentrations of marine biodiversity worldwide, the extent to which the global system of marine-protected areas (MPAs) represents individual species and the breadth of evolutionary history across the Tree of Life has never been quantified. Here we show that only 5.7% of scleractinian coral species and 21.7% of labrid fish species reach the minimum protection target of 10% of their geographic ranges within MPAs. We also estimate that the current global MPA system secures only 1.7% of the Tree of Life for corals, and 17.6% for fishes. Regionally, the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific show the greatest deficit of protection for corals while for fishes this deficit is located primarily in the Western Indian Ocean and in the Central Pacific. Our results call for a global coordinated expansion of current conservation efforts to fully secure the Tree of Life on coral reefs.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10359
PubMed: 26756609
PubMed Central: 4729959
Affiliations:
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Leprieur</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>UMR 9190 MARBEC, IRD-CNRS-IFREMER-UM, Université de Montpellier</institution>, Montpellier 34095,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, D" sort="Huang, D" uniqKey="Huang D" first="D." last="Huang">D. Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore</institution>, Singapore 117543,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cowman, P F" sort="Cowman, P F" uniqKey="Cowman P" first="P. F." last="Cowman">P. F. Cowman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University</institution>, 21 Sachem St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albouy, C" sort="Albouy, C" uniqKey="Albouy C" first="C." last="Albouy">C. Albouy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski</institution>, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski,<country>Canada</country> G5L 3A1</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, T P" sort="Hughes, T P" uniqKey="Hughes T" first="T. P." last="Hughes">T. P. Hughes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University</institution>, Townsville, Queensland 4811,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thuiller, W" sort="Thuiller, W" uniqKey="Thuiller W" first="W." last="Thuiller">W. Thuiller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes</institution>, Grenoble F-38000,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS</institution>, Grenoble F-38000,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guilhaumon, F" sort="Guilhaumon, F" uniqKey="Guilhaumon F" first="F." last="Guilhaumon">F. Guilhaumon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>UMR 9190 MARBEC, IRD-CNRS-IFREMER-UM, Université de Montpellier</institution>, Montpellier 34095,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Although coral reefs support the largest concentrations of marine biodiversity worldwide, the extent to which the global system of marine-protected areas (MPAs) represents individual species and the breadth of evolutionary history across the Tree of Life has never been quantified. Here we show that only 5.7% of scleractinian coral species and 21.7% of labrid fish species reach the minimum protection target of 10% of their geographic ranges within MPAs. We also estimate that the current global MPA system secures only 1.7% of the Tree of Life for corals, and 17.6% for fishes. Regionally, the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific show the greatest deficit of protection for corals while for fishes this deficit is located primarily in the Western Indian Ocean and in the Central Pacific. Our results call for a global coordinated expansion of current conservation efforts to fully secure the Tree of Life on coral reefs.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cardinale, B J" uniqKey="Cardinale B">B. J. Cardinale</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Watson, J E M" uniqKey="Watson J">J. E. M. Watson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dudley, N" uniqKey="Dudley N">N. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Communications</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2041-1723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26756609</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4729959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ncomms10359</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ncomms10359</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Global marine protected areas do not secure the evolutionary history of tropical corals and fishes</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mouillot</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Parravicini</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bellwood</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leprieur</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cowman</surname><given-names>P. F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albouy</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hughes</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thuiller</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guilhaumon</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>UMR 9190 MARBEC, IRD-CNRS-IFREMER-UM, Université de Montpellier</institution>, Montpellier 34095,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University</institution>, Townsville, Queensland 4811,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Labex ‘Corail', University of Perpignan</institution>, Perpignan 66860,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore</institution>, Singapore 117543,<country>Singapore</country></aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University</institution>, 21 Sachem St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="a6"><label>6</label><institution>Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski</institution>, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski,<country>Canada</country> G5L 3A1</aff><aff id="a7"><label>7</label><institution>Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes</institution>, Grenoble F-38000,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a8"><label>8</label><institution>Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS</institution>, Grenoble F-38000,<country>France</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><elocation-id>10359</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Although coral reefs support the largest concentrations of marine biodiversity worldwide, the extent to which the global system of marine-protected areas (MPAs) represents individual species and the breadth of evolutionary history across the Tree of Life has never been quantified. Here we show that only 5.7% of scleractinian coral species and 21.7% of labrid fish species reach the minimum protection target of 10% of their geographic ranges within MPAs. We also estimate that the current global MPA system secures only 1.7% of the Tree of Life for corals, and 17.6% for fishes. Regionally, the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific show the greatest deficit of protection for corals while for fishes this deficit is located primarily in the Western Indian Ocean and in the Central Pacific. Our results call for a global coordinated expansion of current conservation efforts to fully secure the Tree of Life on coral reefs.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="web-summary"><p><inline-graphic id="i1" xlink:href="ncomms10359-i1.jpg"></inline-graphic>Marine protected areas (MPAs) are established to conserve species, but the extent to which they also conserve evolutionary history is not clear. Here, Mouillot <italic>et al</italic>. show that for tropical corals and fish, the current global MPA network secures only 1.7 and 17.6% of phylogenetic diversity, respectively.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Relationship between the total geographic range of species and the proportion of that range covered by the global system of MPAs.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Scleractinian coral species and (<bold>b</bold>) fish species of the family Labridae. Histograms on top and to the right represent the distributions of total ranges and proportion of protection among species respectively. Coloured squares and triangles represent endemic species, that is, only present in one of the two biogeographic realms: Atlantic and Eastern Pacific, respectively. Dotted lines represent the 10% threshold corresponding to the minimum representation target for sustaining species persistence.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10359-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Percentages of geographic ranges covered by the global system of MPAs for species and internal branches across the Tree of Life.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Scleractinian coral species and (<bold>b</bold>) fish species of the family Labridae. Species or branches in red do not meet the minimum 10% representation threshold, that is, <10% of their geographic range is covered by MPAs, while green and blue colours indicate 10–20% and more than 20% coverage respectively. The corresponding percentage of total phylogenetic diversity (PD) is indicated for each coverage category.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10359-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Global distribution of protection deficits to secure the Tree of Life on coral reefs.</title><p>Global maps representing, for each cell (5° × 5°), the percentage of coral reef habitat covered by MPAs (<bold>a</bold>), and the proportion of the longest evolutionary branches (top 10%) that receive less than the critical 10% coverage by the MPA system within coral (<bold>b</bold>) and fish (<bold>c</bold>) local assemblages. Colours correspond to three categories of values based on percentage of coverage for MPAs and on tertiles for corals and fishes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10359-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><title>Global distribution of the amount of evolutionary history on coral reefs.</title><p>Global maps representing, for each grid cell (5° × 5°), the percentage of the longest evolutionary branches (top 10%) and the mean evolutionary branch length within coral (<bold>a</bold>,<bold>b</bold>) and fish (<bold>c</bold>,<bold>d</bold>) local assemblages, respectively. Colours correspond to classes of the histograms representing the distribution of values across the cells.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10359-f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><title>Representation in MPAs for branches of the Tree of Life on coral reefs across marine realms.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Global map representing the three marine realms: Indo-Pacific (grey), Tropical Eastern Pacific (orange), and Atlantic (green). (<bold>b</bold>) Boxplots (median and quartiles) representing the percentage of the longest evolutionary branches (top 10%) that receive less than the critical 10% coverage by the MPA system within coral and fish local assemblages (in 5° × 5° grid cells) of the three marine realms.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms10359-f5"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Canada</li><li>France</li><li>Singapour</li><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mouillot, D" sort="Mouillot, D" uniqKey="Mouillot D" first="D." last="Mouillot">D. Mouillot</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Guilhaumon, F" sort="Guilhaumon, F" uniqKey="Guilhaumon F" first="F." last="Guilhaumon">F. Guilhaumon</name><name sortKey="Leprieur, F" sort="Leprieur, F" uniqKey="Leprieur F" first="F." last="Leprieur">F. Leprieur</name><name sortKey="Parravicini, V" sort="Parravicini, V" uniqKey="Parravicini V" first="V." last="Parravicini">V. Parravicini</name><name sortKey="Thuiller, W" sort="Thuiller, W" uniqKey="Thuiller W" first="W." last="Thuiller">W. Thuiller</name><name sortKey="Thuiller, W" sort="Thuiller, W" uniqKey="Thuiller W" first="W." last="Thuiller">W. Thuiller</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mouillot, D" sort="Mouillot, D" uniqKey="Mouillot D" first="D." last="Mouillot">D. Mouillot</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bellwood, D R" sort="Bellwood, D R" uniqKey="Bellwood D" first="D. R." last="Bellwood">D. R. Bellwood</name><name sortKey="Hughes, T P" sort="Hughes, T P" uniqKey="Hughes T" first="T. P." last="Hughes">T. P. Hughes</name></country><country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Huang, D" sort="Huang, D" uniqKey="Huang D" first="D." last="Huang">D. Huang</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cowman, P F" sort="Cowman, P F" uniqKey="Cowman P" first="P. F." last="Cowman">P. F. Cowman</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Albouy, C" sort="Albouy, C" uniqKey="Albouy C" first="C." last="Albouy">C. Albouy</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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