The Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery Periods during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Local Tissue Oxygenation in 18 – 30 Year Old Sedentary Men
Identifieur interne : 000566 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000565; suivant : 000567The Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery Periods during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Local Tissue Oxygenation in 18 – 30 Year Old Sedentary Men
Auteurs : Yuri Kriel [Australie] ; Hugo A. Kerhervé [Australie, France] ; Christopher D. Askew [Australie] ; Colin Solomon [Australie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a time-efficient format of exercise to reduce the chronic disease burden associated with sedentary behaviour. Changes in oxygen utilisation at the local tissue level during an acute session of HIIT could be the primary stimulus for the health benefits associated with this format of exercise. The recovery periods of HIIT effect the physiological responses that occur during the session. It was hypothesised that in sedentary individuals, local and systemic oxygen utilisation would be higher during HIIT interspersed with active recovery periods, when compared to passive recovery periods.
Twelve sedentary males (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 3 yr) completed three conditions on a cycle ergometer: 1) HIIT with passive recovery periods between four bouts (HIITPASS) 2) HIIT with active recovery periods between four bouts (HIITACT) 3) HIITACT with four HIIT bouts replaced with passive periods (REC). Deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb) in the vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles and the pre-frontal cortex (FH), oxygen consumption (VO2), power output and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously during the three conditions.
There was a significant increase in HHb at VL during bouts 2 (p = 0.017), 3 (p = 0.035) and 4 (p = 0.035) in HIITACT, compared to HIITPASS. Mean power output was significantly lower in HIITACT, compared to HIITPASS (p < 0.001). There was a significant main effect for site in both HIITPASS (p = 0.029) and HIITACT (p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in VO2 and HR between HIITPASS and HIITACT.
The increase in HHb at VL and the lower mean power output during HIITACT could indicate that a higher level of deoxygenation contributes to decreased mechanical power in sedentary participants. The significant differences in HHb between sites indicates the specificity of oxygen utilisation.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163733
PubMed: 27677081
PubMed Central: 5038964
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5038964Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery Periods during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Local Tissue Oxygenation in 18 – 30 Year Old Sedentary Men</title><author><name sortKey="Kriel, Yuri" sort="Kriel, Yuri" uniqKey="Kriel Y" first="Yuri" last="Kriel">Yuri Kriel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kerherve, Hugo A" sort="Kerherve, Hugo A" uniqKey="Kerherve H" first="Hugo A." last="Kerhervé">Hugo A. Kerhervé</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Le Bourget du Lac</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Le Bourget du Lac</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Askew, Christopher D" sort="Askew, Christopher D" uniqKey="Askew C" first="Christopher D." last="Askew">Christopher D. Askew</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solomon, Colin" sort="Solomon, Colin" uniqKey="Solomon C" first="Colin" last="Solomon">Colin Solomon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27677081</idno><idno type="pmc">5038964</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5038964</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5038964</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0163733</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002953</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002953</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002803</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002803</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000566</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000566</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery Periods during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Local Tissue Oxygenation in 18 – 30 Year Old Sedentary Men</title><author><name sortKey="Kriel, Yuri" sort="Kriel, Yuri" uniqKey="Kriel Y" first="Yuri" last="Kriel">Yuri Kriel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kerherve, Hugo A" sort="Kerherve, Hugo A" uniqKey="Kerherve H" first="Hugo A." last="Kerhervé">Hugo A. Kerhervé</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Le Bourget du Lac</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Le Bourget du Lac</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Askew, Christopher D" sort="Askew, Christopher D" uniqKey="Askew C" first="Christopher D." last="Askew">Christopher D. Askew</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solomon, Colin" sort="Solomon, Colin" uniqKey="Solomon C" first="Colin" last="Solomon">Colin Solomon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Purpose</title><p>High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a time-efficient format of exercise to reduce the chronic disease burden associated with sedentary behaviour. Changes in oxygen utilisation at the local tissue level during an acute session of HIIT could be the primary stimulus for the health benefits associated with this format of exercise. The recovery periods of HIIT effect the physiological responses that occur during the session. It was hypothesised that in sedentary individuals, local and systemic oxygen utilisation would be higher during HIIT interspersed with active recovery periods, when compared to passive recovery periods.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>Twelve sedentary males (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 3 yr) completed three conditions on a cycle ergometer: 1) HIIT with passive recovery periods between four bouts (HIITPASS) 2) HIIT with active recovery periods between four bouts (HIITACT) 3) HIITACT with four HIIT bouts replaced with passive periods (REC). Deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb) in the vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles and the pre-frontal cortex (FH), oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>), power output and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously during the three conditions.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>There was a significant increase in HHb at VL during bouts 2 (p = 0.017), 3 (p = 0.035) and 4 (p = 0.035) in HIITACT, compared to HIITPASS. Mean power output was significantly lower in HIITACT, compared to HIITPASS (p < 0.001). There was a significant main effect for site in both HIITPASS (p = 0.029) and HIITACT (p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in VO<sub>2</sub> and HR between HIITPASS and HIITACT.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The increase in HHb at VL and the lower mean power output during HIITACT could indicate that a higher level of deoxygenation contributes to decreased mechanical power in sedentary participants. The significant differences in HHb between sites indicates the specificity of oxygen utilisation.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bijnen, Fch" uniqKey="Bijnen F">FCH Bijnen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caspersen, Cj" uniqKey="Caspersen C">CJ Caspersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosterd, Wl" uniqKey="Mosterd W">WL Mosterd</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blair, Sn" uniqKey="Blair S">SN Blair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kohl, Hw" uniqKey="Kohl H">HW Kohl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paffenbarger, Rs" uniqKey="Paffenbarger R">RS Paffenbarger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Dg" uniqKey="Clark D">DG Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Kh" uniqKey="Cooper K">KH Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, Lw" uniqKey="Gibbons L">LW Gibbons</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guthold, R" uniqKey="Guthold R">R Guthold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ono, T" uniqKey="Ono T">T Ono</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strong, Kl" uniqKey="Strong K">KL Strong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chatterji, S" uniqKey="Chatterji S">S Chatterji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morabia, A" uniqKey="Morabia A">A Morabia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tucker, Jm" uniqKey="Tucker J">JM Tucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Welk, Gj" uniqKey="Welk G">GJ Welk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beyler, Nk" uniqKey="Beyler N">NK Beyler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chastin, Sfm" uniqKey="Chastin S">SFM Chastin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dall, Pm" uniqKey="Dall P">PM Dall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tigbe, Ww" uniqKey="Tigbe W">WW Tigbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grant, Mp" uniqKey="Grant M">MP Grant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Cg" uniqKey="Ryan C">CG Ryan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rafferty, D" uniqKey="Rafferty D">D Rafferty</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Troiano, Rp" uniqKey="Troiano R">RP Troiano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berrigan, D" uniqKey="Berrigan D">D Berrigan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dodd, Kw" uniqKey="Dodd K">KW Dodd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Masse, Lc" uniqKey="Masse L">LC Masse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tilert, T" uniqKey="Tilert T">T Tilert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdowell, M" uniqKey="Mcdowell M">M Mcdowell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pescatello, Ls" uniqKey="Pescatello L">LS Pescatello</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Strazdins, L" uniqKey="Strazdins L">L Strazdins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Broom, Dh" uniqKey="Broom D">DH Broom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banwell, C" uniqKey="Banwell C">C Banwell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, T" uniqKey="Mcdonald T">T McDonald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skeat, H" uniqKey="Skeat H">H Skeat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillen, Jb" uniqKey="Gillen J">JB Gillen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibala, Mj" uniqKey="Gibala M">MJ Gibala</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kessler, Hs" uniqKey="Kessler H">HS Kessler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sisson, Sb" uniqKey="Sisson S">SB Sisson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Short, Kr" uniqKey="Short K">KR Short</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nybo, L" uniqKey="Nybo L">L Nybo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sundstrup, E" uniqKey="Sundstrup E">E Sundstrup</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jakobsen, Md" uniqKey="Jakobsen M">MD Jakobsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mohr, M" uniqKey="Mohr M">M Mohr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hornstrup, T" uniqKey="Hornstrup T">T Hornstrup</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L Simonsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibala, Mj" uniqKey="Gibala M">MJ Gibala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Little, Jp" uniqKey="Little J">JP Little</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macdonald, Mj" uniqKey="Macdonald M">MJ MacDonald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hawley, Ja" uniqKey="Hawley J">JA Hawley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tj Nna, Ae" uniqKey="Tj Nna A">AE Tjønna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rognmo, O" uniqKey="Rognmo O">O Rognmo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stolen, To" uniqKey="Stolen T">TO Stolen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bye, A" uniqKey="Bye A">A Bye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haram, Pm" uniqKey="Haram P">PM Haram</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weston, Ks" uniqKey="Weston K">KS Weston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wisloff, U" uniqKey="Wisloff U">U Wisloff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coombes, Js" uniqKey="Coombes J">JS Coombes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Russell, Ap" uniqKey="Russell A">AP Russell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foletta, Vc" uniqKey="Foletta V">VC Foletta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rj" uniqKey="Snow R">RJ Snow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wadley, Gd" uniqKey="Wadley G">GD Wadley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Ra" uniqKey="Jacobs R">RA Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fluck, D" uniqKey="Fluck D">D Fluck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonne, Tc" uniqKey="Bonne T">TC Bonne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burgi, S" uniqKey="Burgi S">S Burgi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christensen, Pm" uniqKey="Christensen P">PM Christensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toigo, M" uniqKey="Toigo M">M Toigo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchheit, M" uniqKey="Buchheit M">M Buchheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cormie, P" uniqKey="Cormie P">P Cormie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abbiss, Cr" uniqKey="Abbiss C">CR Abbiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmaidi, S" uniqKey="Ahmaidi S">S Ahmaidi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nosaka, Kk" uniqKey="Nosaka K">KK Nosaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laursen, Pb" uniqKey="Laursen P">PB Laursen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchheit, M" uniqKey="Buchheit M">M Buchheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hader, K" uniqKey="Hader K">K Hader</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez Villanueva, A" uniqKey="Mendez Villanueva A">A Mendez-Villanueva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchheit, M" uniqKey="Buchheit M">M Buchheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abbiss, Cr" uniqKey="Abbiss C">CR Abbiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiffer, Jj" uniqKey="Peiffer J">JJ Peiffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laursen, Pb" uniqKey="Laursen P">PB Laursen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kime, R" uniqKey="Kime R">R Kime</name></author><author><name sortKey="Im, J" uniqKey="Im J">J Im</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moser, D" uniqKey="Moser D">D Moser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Yq" uniqKey="Lin Y">YQ Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nioka, S" uniqKey="Nioka S">S Nioka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katsumura, T" uniqKey="Katsumura T">T Katsumura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koga, S" uniqKey="Koga S">S Koga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poole, Dc" uniqKey="Poole D">DC Poole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Lf" uniqKey="Ferreira L">LF Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whipp, Bj" uniqKey="Whipp B">BJ Whipp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kondo, N" uniqKey="Kondo N">N Kondo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saitoh, T" uniqKey="Saitoh T">T Saitoh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chin, Lm" uniqKey="Chin L">LM Chin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalchuk, Jm" uniqKey="Kowalchuk J">JM Kowalchuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barstow, Tj" uniqKey="Barstow T">TJ Barstow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kondo, N" uniqKey="Kondo N">N Kondo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amano, T" uniqKey="Amano T">T Amano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shiojiri, T" uniqKey="Shiojiri T">T Shiojiri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dupont, G" uniqKey="Dupont G">G Dupont</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moalla, W" uniqKey="Moalla W">W Moalla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matran, R" uniqKey="Matran R">R Matran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berthoin, S" uniqKey="Berthoin S">S Berthoin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchheit, M" uniqKey="Buchheit M">M Buchheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laursen, Pb" uniqKey="Laursen P">PB Laursen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohya, T" uniqKey="Ohya T">T Ohya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aramaki, Y" uniqKey="Aramaki Y">Y Aramaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kitagawa, K" uniqKey="Kitagawa K">K Kitagawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spierer, Dk" uniqKey="Spierer D">DK Spierer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, R" uniqKey="Goldsmith R">R Goldsmith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baran, Da" uniqKey="Baran D">DA Baran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hryniewicz, K" uniqKey="Hryniewicz K">K Hryniewicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katz, Sd" uniqKey="Katz S">SD Katz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Eid" uniqKey="Lopez E">EID Lopez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smoliga, Jm" uniqKey="Smoliga J">JM Smoliga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zavorsky, Gs" uniqKey="Zavorsky G">GS Zavorsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dupont, G" uniqKey="Dupont G">G Dupont</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moalla, W" uniqKey="Moalla W">W Moalla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guinhouya, C" uniqKey="Guinhouya C">C Guinhouya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmaidi, S" uniqKey="Ahmaidi S">S Ahmaidi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berthoin, S" uniqKey="Berthoin S">S Berthoin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, J" uniqKey="Barnes J">J Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Behrens, Tk" uniqKey="Behrens T">TK Behrens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benden, Me" uniqKey="Benden M">ME Benden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biddle, S" uniqKey="Biddle S">S Biddle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bond, D" uniqKey="Bond D">D Bond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brassard, P" uniqKey="Brassard P">P Brassard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levy, Ml" uniqKey="Levy M">ML Levy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quanjer, Ph" uniqKey="Quanjer P">PH Quanjer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Booker, R" uniqKey="Booker R">R Booker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Bg" uniqKey="Cooper B">BG Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, S" uniqKey="Holmes S">S Holmes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Small, I" uniqKey="Small I">I Small</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burgomaster, Ka" uniqKey="Burgomaster K">KA Burgomaster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howarth, Kr" uniqKey="Howarth K">KR Howarth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Sm" uniqKey="Phillips S">SM Phillips</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rakobowchuk, M" uniqKey="Rakobowchuk M">M Rakobowchuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macdonald, Mj" uniqKey="Macdonald M">MJ MacDonald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgee, Sl" uniqKey="Mcgee S">SL Mcgee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibala, Mj" uniqKey="Gibala M">MJ Gibala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgee, Sl" uniqKey="Mcgee S">SL McGee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burgomaster, Ka" uniqKey="Burgomaster K">KA Burgomaster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, Sc" uniqKey="Hughes S">SC Hughes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heigenhauser, Gj" uniqKey="Heigenhauser G">GJ Heigenhauser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bradwell, Sn" uniqKey="Bradwell S">SN Bradwell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibala, Mj" uniqKey="Gibala M">MJ Gibala</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchheit, M" uniqKey="Buchheit M">M Buchheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez Villanueva, A" uniqKey="Mendez Villanueva A">A Mendez-Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quod, M" uniqKey="Quod M">M Quod</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quesnel, T" uniqKey="Quesnel T">T Quesnel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmaidi, S" uniqKey="Ahmaidi S">S Ahmaidi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibala, Mj" uniqKey="Gibala M">MJ Gibala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Little, Jp" uniqKey="Little J">JP Little</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Essen, M" uniqKey="Van Essen M">M van Essen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkin, Gp" uniqKey="Wilkin G">GP Wilkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burgomaster, Ka" uniqKey="Burgomaster K">KA Burgomaster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Safdar, A" uniqKey="Safdar A">A Safdar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wd" uniqKey="Mcardle W">WD McArdle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katch, Fi" uniqKey="Katch F">FI Katch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katch, Vl" uniqKey="Katch V">VL Katch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spencer, M" uniqKey="Spencer M">M Spencer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, D" uniqKey="Bishop D">D Bishop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dawson, B" uniqKey="Dawson B">B Dawson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodman, C" uniqKey="Goodman C">C Goodman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duffield, R" uniqKey="Duffield R">R Duffield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bonen, A" uniqKey="Bonen A">A Bonen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belcastro, An" uniqKey="Belcastro A">AN Belcastro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Belcastro, An" uniqKey="Belcastro A">AN Belcastro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonen, A" uniqKey="Bonen A">A Bonen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prieur, F" uniqKey="Prieur F">F Prieur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mucci, P" uniqKey="Mucci P">P Mucci</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Kj" uniqKey="Smith K">KJ Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Billaut, F" uniqKey="Billaut F">F Billaut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchheit, M" uniqKey="Buchheit M">M Buchheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ufland, P" uniqKey="Ufland P">P Ufland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haydar, B" uniqKey="Haydar B">B Haydar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laursen, Pb" uniqKey="Laursen P">PB Laursen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmaidi, S" uniqKey="Ahmaidi S">S Ahmaidi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, Am" uniqKey="Jones A">AM Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Rc" uniqKey="Davies R">RC Davies</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Lf" uniqKey="Ferreira L">LF Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barstow, Tj" uniqKey="Barstow T">TJ Barstow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koga, S" uniqKey="Koga S">S Koga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poole, Dc" uniqKey="Poole D">DC Poole</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshikawa, T" uniqKey="Yoshikawa T">T Yoshikawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hara, T" uniqKey="Hara T">T Hara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakao, H" uniqKey="Nakao H">H Nakao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, T" uniqKey="Suzuki T">T Suzuki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fujimoto, S" uniqKey="Fujimoto S">S Fujimoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adami, A" uniqKey="Adami A">A Adami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koga, S" uniqKey="Koga S">S Koga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kondo, N" uniqKey="Kondo N">N Kondo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cannon, Dt" uniqKey="Cannon D">DT Cannon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalchuk, Jm" uniqKey="Kowalchuk J">JM Kowalchuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amano, T" uniqKey="Amano T">T Amano</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grassi, B" uniqKey="Grassi B">B Grassi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pogliaghi, S" uniqKey="Pogliaghi S">S Pogliaghi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rampichini, S" uniqKey="Rampichini S">S Rampichini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quaresima, V" uniqKey="Quaresima V">V Quaresima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrari, M" uniqKey="Ferrari M">M Ferrari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marconi, C" uniqKey="Marconi C">C Marconi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macfarlane, Dj" uniqKey="Macfarlane D">DJ Macfarlane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Hl" uniqKey="Wu H">HL Wu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Austin, Kg" uniqKey="Austin K">KG Austin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daigle, Ka" uniqKey="Daigle K">KA Daigle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, P" uniqKey="Patterson P">P Patterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cowman, J" uniqKey="Cowman J">J Cowman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chelland, S" uniqKey="Chelland S">S Chelland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haymes, Em" uniqKey="Haymes E">EM Haymes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muthalib, M" uniqKey="Muthalib M">M Muthalib</name></author><author><name sortKey="Millet, Gy" uniqKey="Millet G">GY Millet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quaresima, V" uniqKey="Quaresima V">V Quaresima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nosaka, K" uniqKey="Nosaka K">K Nosaka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amann, M" uniqKey="Amann M">M Amann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Calbet, Jal" uniqKey="Calbet J">JAL Calbet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Calbet, Jal" uniqKey="Calbet J">JAL Calbet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Losa Reyna, J" uniqKey="Losa Reyna J">J Losa-Reyna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torres Peralta, R" uniqKey="Torres Peralta R">R Torres-Peralta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, P" uniqKey="Rasmussen P">P Rasmussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ponce Gonzalez, Jg" uniqKey="Ponce Gonzalez J">JG Ponce-Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheel, Aw" uniqKey="Sheel A">AW Sheel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bijker, Ke" uniqKey="Bijker K">KE Bijker</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, G" uniqKey="De Groot G">G de Groot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hollander, Ap" uniqKey="Hollander A">AP Hollander</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hagstrom Toft, E" uniqKey="Hagstrom Toft E">E Hagström-Toft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qvisth, V" uniqKey="Qvisth V">V Qvisth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nennesmo, I" uniqKey="Nennesmo I">I Nennesmo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ryden, M" uniqKey="Ryden M">M Ryden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bolinder, H" uniqKey="Bolinder H">H Bolinder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Enoksson, S" uniqKey="Enoksson S">S Enoksson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Houmard, Ja" uniqKey="Houmard J">JA Houmard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weidner, Ml" uniqKey="Weidner M">ML Weidner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gavigan, Ke" uniqKey="Gavigan K">KE Gavigan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tyndall, Gl" uniqKey="Tyndall G">GL Tyndall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hickey, Ms" uniqKey="Hickey M">MS Hickey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alshami, A" uniqKey="Alshami A">A Alshami</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchheit, M" uniqKey="Buchheit M">M Buchheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ufland, P" uniqKey="Ufland P">P Ufland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, B" uniqKey="Jones B">B Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, Dk" uniqKey="Hamilton D">DK Hamilton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Ce" uniqKey="Cooper C">CE Cooper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spencer, Md" uniqKey="Spencer M">MD Spencer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murias, Jm" uniqKey="Murias J">JM Murias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamb, Hp" uniqKey="Lamb H">HP Lamb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalchuk, Jm" uniqKey="Kowalchuk J">JM Kowalchuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paterson, Dh" uniqKey="Paterson D">DH Paterson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferrari, M" uniqKey="Ferrari M">M Ferrari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muthalib, M" uniqKey="Muthalib M">M Muthalib</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quaresima, V" uniqKey="Quaresima V">V Quaresima</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rooks, Cr" uniqKey="Rooks C">CR Rooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thom, Nj" uniqKey="Thom N">NJ Thom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccully, Kk" uniqKey="Mccully K">KK McCully</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dishman, Rk" uniqKey="Dishman R">RK Dishman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Subudhi, Aw" uniqKey="Subudhi A">AW Subudhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenz, Mc" uniqKey="Lorenz M">MC Lorenz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fulco, Cs" uniqKey="Fulco C">CS Fulco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roach, Rc" uniqKey="Roach R">RC Roach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shibuya, K" uniqKey="Shibuya K">K Shibuya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, J" uniqKey="Tanaka J">J Tanaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuboyama, N" uniqKey="Kuboyama N">N Kuboyama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ogaki, T" uniqKey="Ogaki T">T Ogaki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bogdanis, Gc" uniqKey="Bogdanis G">GC Bogdanis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nevill, Me" uniqKey="Nevill M">ME Nevill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lakomy, Hka" uniqKey="Lakomy H">HKA Lakomy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Cm" uniqKey="Graham C">CM Graham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Louis, G" uniqKey="Louis G">G Louis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jaafar, H" uniqKey="Jaafar H">H Jaafar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouis, M" uniqKey="Rouis M">M Rouis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coudrat, L" uniqKey="Coudrat L">L Coudrat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Attiogbe, E" uniqKey="Attiogbe E">E Attiogbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vandewalle, H" uniqKey="Vandewalle H">H Vandewalle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Driss, T" uniqKey="Driss T">T Driss</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wahl, P" uniqKey="Wahl P">P Wahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathes, S" uniqKey="Mathes S">S Mathes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kohler, K" uniqKey="Kohler K">K Kohler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Achtzehn, S" uniqKey="Achtzehn S">S Achtzehn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bloch, W" uniqKey="Bloch W">W Bloch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mester, J" uniqKey="Mester J">J Mester</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Connolly, Da" uniqKey="Connolly D">DA Connolly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brennan, Km" uniqKey="Brennan K">KM Brennan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauzon, Cd" uniqKey="Lauzon C">CD Lauzon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bishop, D" uniqKey="Bishop D">D Bishop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruch, N" uniqKey="Ruch N">N Ruch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paun, V" uniqKey="Paun V">V Paun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bogdanis, Gc" uniqKey="Bogdanis G">GC Bogdanis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nevill, Me" uniqKey="Nevill M">ME Nevill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boobis, Lh" uniqKey="Boobis L">LH Boobis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lakomy, Hk" uniqKey="Lakomy H">HK Lakomy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nevill, Am" uniqKey="Nevill A">AM Nevill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spencer, M" uniqKey="Spencer M">M Spencer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dawson, B" uniqKey="Dawson B">B Dawson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodman, C" uniqKey="Goodman C">C Goodman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dascombe, B" uniqKey="Dascombe B">B Dascombe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, D" uniqKey="Bishop D">D Bishop</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haseler, Lj" uniqKey="Haseler L">LJ Haseler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hogan, Mc" uniqKey="Hogan M">MC Hogan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Rs" uniqKey="Richardson R">RS Richardson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laursen, Pb" uniqKey="Laursen P">PB Laursen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Dg" uniqKey="Jenkins D">DG Jenkins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27677081</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5038964</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0163733</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-16-21771</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Chemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Chemical Elements</subject><subj-group><subject>Oxygen</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subj-group><subject>Spectrum Analysis Techniques</subject><subj-group><subject>Infrared Spectroscopy</subject><subj-group><subject>near-Infrared Spectroscopy</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Chemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Chemical Reactions</subject><subj-group><subject>Deoxygenation</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Physical Activity</subject><subj-group><subject>Physical Fitness</subject><subj-group><subject>Exercise</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Sports and Exercise Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Exercise</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Sports Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Sports and Exercise Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Exercise</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Cardiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Heart Rate</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Biological Tissue</subject><subj-group><subject>Muscle Tissue</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Biological Tissue</subject><subj-group><subject>Muscle Tissue</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiological Processes</subject><subj-group><subject>Respiration</subject><subj-group><subject>Oxygen Consumption</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiological Processes</subject><subj-group><subject>Respiration</subject><subj-group><subject>Oxygen Consumption</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Musculoskeletal System</subject><subj-group><subject>Muscles</subject><subj-group><subject>Cardiac Muscles</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Musculoskeletal System</subject><subj-group><subject>Muscles</subject><subj-group><subject>Cardiac Muscles</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery Periods during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Local Tissue Oxygenation in 18 – 30 Year Old Sedentary Men</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Effect of High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Tissue Oxygenation</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-8159</contrib-id><name><surname>Kriel</surname><given-names>Yuri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kerhervé</surname><given-names>Hugo A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Askew</surname><given-names>Christopher D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Solomon</surname><given-names>Colin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac, France</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Sacchetti</surname><given-names>Massimo</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Universita degli Studi di Roma 'Foro Italico', ITALY</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p><bold>Conceptualization:</bold> YK CS.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Data curation:</bold> YK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Formal analysis:</bold> YK HAK CDA CS.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Investigation:</bold> YK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Methodology:</bold> YK CS.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> YK CDA CS.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Validation:</bold> YK HAK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Visualization:</bold> YK HAK CDA CS.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – original draft:</bold> YK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – review & editing:</bold> YK HAK CDA CS.</p></list-item></list></p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>ykriel@usc.edu.au</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>9</issue><elocation-id>e0163733</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Kriel et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Kriel et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0163733.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Purpose</title><p>High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a time-efficient format of exercise to reduce the chronic disease burden associated with sedentary behaviour. Changes in oxygen utilisation at the local tissue level during an acute session of HIIT could be the primary stimulus for the health benefits associated with this format of exercise. The recovery periods of HIIT effect the physiological responses that occur during the session. It was hypothesised that in sedentary individuals, local and systemic oxygen utilisation would be higher during HIIT interspersed with active recovery periods, when compared to passive recovery periods.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>Twelve sedentary males (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 3 yr) completed three conditions on a cycle ergometer: 1) HIIT with passive recovery periods between four bouts (HIITPASS) 2) HIIT with active recovery periods between four bouts (HIITACT) 3) HIITACT with four HIIT bouts replaced with passive periods (REC). Deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb) in the vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles and the pre-frontal cortex (FH), oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>), power output and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously during the three conditions.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>There was a significant increase in HHb at VL during bouts 2 (p = 0.017), 3 (p = 0.035) and 4 (p = 0.035) in HIITACT, compared to HIITPASS. Mean power output was significantly lower in HIITACT, compared to HIITPASS (p < 0.001). There was a significant main effect for site in both HIITPASS (p = 0.029) and HIITACT (p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in VO<sub>2</sub> and HR between HIITPASS and HIITACT.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The increase in HHb at VL and the lower mean power output during HIITACT could indicate that a higher level of deoxygenation contributes to decreased mechanical power in sedentary participants. The significant differences in HHb between sites indicates the specificity of oxygen utilisation.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>The authors received no specific funding for this work. This project was supported by an annual research student allocation. This internal university funding arrangement had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="4"></fig-count><table-count count="1"></table-count><page-count count="20"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>The relevant data file is available from the Figshare database (DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3399220">10.6084/m9.figshare.3399220</ext-link>).</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>The relevant data file is available from the Figshare database (DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3399220">10.6084/m9.figshare.3399220</ext-link>).</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kriel, Yuri" sort="Kriel, Yuri" uniqKey="Kriel Y" first="Yuri" last="Kriel">Yuri Kriel</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Askew, Christopher D" sort="Askew, Christopher D" uniqKey="Askew C" first="Christopher D." last="Askew">Christopher D. Askew</name><name sortKey="Kerherve, Hugo A" sort="Kerherve, Hugo A" uniqKey="Kerherve H" first="Hugo A." last="Kerhervé">Hugo A. Kerhervé</name><name sortKey="Solomon, Colin" sort="Solomon, Colin" uniqKey="Solomon C" first="Colin" last="Solomon">Colin Solomon</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kerherve, Hugo A" sort="Kerherve, Hugo A" uniqKey="Kerherve H" first="Hugo A." last="Kerhervé">Hugo A. Kerhervé</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000566 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000566 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5038964
|texte= The Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery Periods during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Local Tissue Oxygenation in 18 – 30 Year Old Sedentary Men
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27677081" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |