The influence of Antarctic subglacial volcanism on the global iron cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum
Identifieur interne : 000040 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000039; suivant : 000041The influence of Antarctic subglacial volcanism on the global iron cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum
Auteurs : Silvia Frisia [Australie] ; Laura S. Weyrich [Australie] ; John Hellstrom [Australie] ; Andrea Borsato [Australie] ; Nicholas R. Golledge [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Alexandre M. Anesio [Royaume-Uni] ; Petra Bajo [Australie] ; Russell N. Drysdale [Australie, France] ; Paul C. Augustinus [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Camille Rivard [France] ; Alan Cooper [Australie]Source :
- Nature Communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Marine sediment records suggest that episodes of major atmospheric CO2 drawdown during the last glacial period were linked to iron (Fe) fertilization of subantarctic surface waters. The principal source of this Fe is thought to be dust transported from southern mid-latitude deserts. However, uncertainty exists over contributions to CO2 sequestration from complementary Fe sources, such as the Antarctic ice sheet, due to the difficulty of locating and interrogating suitable archives that have the potential to preserve such information. Here we present petrographic, geochemical and microbial DNA evidence preserved in precisely dated subglacial calcites from close to the East Antarctic Ice-Sheet margin, which together suggest that volcanically-induced drainage of Fe-rich waters during the Last Glacial Maximum could have reached the Southern Ocean. Our results support a significant contribution of Antarctic volcanism to subglacial transport and delivery of nutrients with implications on ocean productivity at peak glacial conditions.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15425
PubMed: 28598412
PubMed Central: 5472753
Affiliations:
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Weyrich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD), The University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellstrom, John" sort="Hellstrom, John" uniqKey="Hellstrom J" first="John" last="Hellstrom">John Hellstrom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borsato, Andrea" sort="Borsato, Andrea" uniqKey="Borsato A" first="Andrea" last="Borsato">Andrea Borsato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle</institution>, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golledge, Nicholas R" sort="Golledge, Nicholas R" uniqKey="Golledge N" first="Nicholas R." last="Golledge">Nicholas R. Golledge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington</institution>, Wellington 6140,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>GNS Science</institution>, Avalon, Lower Hut 5011,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anesio, Alexandre M" sort="Anesio, Alexandre M" uniqKey="Anesio A" first="Alexandre M." last="Anesio">Alexandre M. Anesio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1SS,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bajo, Petra" sort="Bajo, Petra" uniqKey="Bajo P" first="Petra" last="Bajo">Petra Bajo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>School of Geography, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drysdale, Russell N" sort="Drysdale, Russell N" uniqKey="Drysdale R" first="Russell N." last="Drysdale">Russell N. Drysdale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>School of Geography, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne, UMR CNRS, Université de Savoie-Mont Blanc</institution>, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustinus, Paul C" sort="Augustinus, Paul C" uniqKey="Augustinus P" first="Paul C." last="Augustinus">Paul C. Augustinus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>School of Environment, The University of Auckland</institution>, Private Bag, Auckland 92019,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivard, Camille" sort="Rivard, Camille" uniqKey="Rivard C" first="Camille" last="Rivard">Camille Rivard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility</institution>, 38000 Grenoble,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD), The University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Marine sediment records suggest that episodes of major atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> drawdown during the last glacial period were linked to iron (Fe) fertilization of subantarctic surface waters. The principal source of this Fe is thought to be dust transported from southern mid-latitude deserts. However, uncertainty exists over contributions to CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration from complementary Fe sources, such as the Antarctic ice sheet, due to the difficulty of locating and interrogating suitable archives that have the potential to preserve such information. Here we present petrographic, geochemical and microbial DNA evidence preserved in precisely dated subglacial calcites from close to the East Antarctic Ice-Sheet margin, which together suggest that volcanically-induced drainage of Fe-rich waters during the Last Glacial Maximum could have reached the Southern Ocean. Our results support a significant contribution of Antarctic volcanism to subglacial transport and delivery of nutrients with implications on ocean productivity at peak glacial conditions.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jaccard, S L" uniqKey="Jaccard S">S. L. Jaccard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galbraith, E D" uniqKey="Galbraith E">E. D. Galbraith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Garcia, A" uniqKey="Martinez Garcia A">A. Martínez-García</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, R F" uniqKey="Anderson R">R. F. Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martinez Garcia, A" uniqKey="Martinez Garcia A">A. Martínez-García</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chever, F" uniqKey="Chever F">F. Chever</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarthou, G" uniqKey="Sarthou G">G. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Communications</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2041-1723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28598412</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5472753</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ncomms15425</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ncomms15425</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The influence of Antarctic subglacial volcanism on the global iron cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frisia</surname><given-names>Silvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-2696</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weyrich</surname><given-names>Laura S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hellstrom</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-3525</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borsato</surname><given-names>Andrea</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Golledge</surname><given-names>Nicholas R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Anesio</surname><given-names>Alexandre M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-4014</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bajo</surname><given-names>Petra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Drysdale</surname><given-names>Russell N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Augustinus</surname><given-names>Paul C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivard</surname><given-names>Camille</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cooper</surname><given-names>Alan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-7851</contrib-id></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle</institution>, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD), The University of Adelaide</institution>, Adelaide, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label><institution>Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington</institution>, Wellington 6140,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label><institution>GNS Science</institution>, Avalon, Lower Hut 5011,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="a6"><label>6</label><institution>Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1SS,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="a7"><label>7</label><institution>School of Geography, The University of Melbourne</institution>, Parkville, Victoria 3010,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a8"><label>8</label><institution>Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne, UMR CNRS, Université de Savoie-Mont Blanc</institution>, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="a9"><label>9</label><institution>School of Environment, The University of Auckland</institution>, Private Bag, Auckland 92019,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="a10"><label>10</label><institution>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility</institution>, 38000 Grenoble,<country>France</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>silvia.frisia@newcastle.edu.au</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><elocation-id>15425</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Marine sediment records suggest that episodes of major atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> drawdown during the last glacial period were linked to iron (Fe) fertilization of subantarctic surface waters. The principal source of this Fe is thought to be dust transported from southern mid-latitude deserts. However, uncertainty exists over contributions to CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration from complementary Fe sources, such as the Antarctic ice sheet, due to the difficulty of locating and interrogating suitable archives that have the potential to preserve such information. Here we present petrographic, geochemical and microbial DNA evidence preserved in precisely dated subglacial calcites from close to the East Antarctic Ice-Sheet margin, which together suggest that volcanically-induced drainage of Fe-rich waters during the Last Glacial Maximum could have reached the Southern Ocean. Our results support a significant contribution of Antarctic volcanism to subglacial transport and delivery of nutrients with implications on ocean productivity at peak glacial conditions.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="web-summary"><p>Contributions of iron sources to Southern Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration during the last glacial period remain uncertain. Here, based on the biogeochemical analysis of subglacial calcites, the authors propose Antarctic volcanism, via subglacial drainage of Fe-rich waters, as a key contributor.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Boggs Valley location, sampling area and geomorphologic context.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Map of Antarctica with location of Boggs Valley and other sites mentioned in the text; Talos Dome is located circa 100 km south of the sampling site. (<bold>b</bold>) Map created with ASTER GDEM data (by METI and NASA), showing contours. These highlight that Boggs Valley connects the Ice-Sheet plateau with the Alexandria Glacier, whose surface has a lower elevation relative to the valley floor. The Alexandria merges with the Rennick, one of the largest outlet glaciers in NVL. The open square marks the area where subglacial calcite samples were collected from glacially polished rock surfaces.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms15425-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Boggs Valley subglacial calcites petrography and elemental concentration.</title><p>Sample BV9a2c is representative of deposits found in furrows consisting of rounded clasts cemented by isopachous calcite rims (Cc), granules coated by micrite (Cg: coated grains) capped by columnar Cs. Synchrotron micro XRF elemental maps for the area designated by a white box highlight that maximum concentration of S (as sulfate) is in the calcite matrix. Fe reaches up to 22,000 p.p.m. (as determined by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS) in particulate, and it is likely present in the form of oxy-hydroxides when not associated with Si-rich particles. The polished thick section of BV9b is typical of Boggs Valley calcites consisting predominantly of Cs, interrupted by thin layers of Dm, as shown in the microstratigraphic log to the left. The elemental maps for the area designated by a white box show S concentration increasing toward the contact with the overlying Dm. Mn distribution is similar to S and can be interpreted as reflecting a common source or an increase in temperature, as Mn incorporation in calcite is temperature dependent<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b59">59</xref>. In the clean Cs, Fe concentration is below 200 p.p.m., with Fe distribution appearing blue on the colour scale. Note that S and Mn concentration distributions follow crystal terminations, providing robust evidence for preservation of environmental signals in Boggs Valley calcites. Scale bar for both BV9a2c and BV9b polished sections is 5 mm. In all maps, elements are reported in normalized counts ranging from high (red) to low (blue) relative concentration according to the 0–100% scale bar.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms15425-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Microbial associations from two sparite samples.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Bacterial taxa present at >1% of the total diversity graphed along with the lowest taxonomic identification possible. (<bold>b</bold>) Thermophilic bacteria close to known taxa. The proportion of Thermomicrobia (blue) and Thermoleophilia (green) taxa of the total species determined is displayed.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms15425-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><title>Subglacial calcite age distribution in relation to LGM temperature and dust fluxes.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) EPICA Dome C and EPICA DML temperature anomalies corrected for site elevation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b41">41</xref>; (<bold>b</bold>) the age distribution of Boggs Valley calcites produced by using a normalized sum of each individual Gaussian distribution for all the 39 analyses where the [<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th] ratio is >30, including analytical errors (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). Analyses where the [<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th] ratio is <30 are excluded from the plot. Horizontal bars above the age distribution highlight the changes of fabrics according to ages. Clear columnar Cs spans all ages. Isopachous Cc of clasts (Cc in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Fig. 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>) in the indurated sediment has a narrow range of ages, centred soon after the dust minima as identified by non sea-salt Ca fluxes (<bold>c</bold>). Dm is uncommon in layers younger than <italic>ca.</italic> 22 ka.; (<bold>c</bold>) non sea-salt Ca fluxes from EDML and EDC records<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b71">71</xref>; (<bold>d</bold>) the total Th normalized Fe flux in the Subantarctic Ocean reconstructed from ODP1090<sup>2</sup>. The dark grey vertical band identifies a discrepancy between Fe flux in ODP1090 and dust fluxes from EDC and EDML records, and coincide with low frequency of subglacial calcite formation. The ages of subglacial calcites correspond to the timing of the LGM (highlighted by the light grey vertical band) in both EDC and EDML, confirming that the calcite precipitates record an accurate archive of maximum ice thickness.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms15425-f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><title>Estimated LGM ice thickness at Boggs Valley.</title><p>Modelled LGM ice thickness (<xref ref-type="disp-formula" rid="eq1">equation (1)</xref>) necessary to induce basal melt for LGM temperature of 9.5 °C lower than present<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b41">41</xref>, and geothermal heat flux of (<bold>a</bold>) 120.9 mW m<sup>−2</sup> and (<bold>b</bold>) 75 mW m<sup>−2</sup>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms15425-f5"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Frisia, Silvia" sort="Frisia, Silvia" uniqKey="Frisia S" first="Silvia" last="Frisia">Silvia Frisia</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bajo, Petra" sort="Bajo, Petra" uniqKey="Bajo P" first="Petra" last="Bajo">Petra Bajo</name><name sortKey="Borsato, Andrea" sort="Borsato, Andrea" uniqKey="Borsato A" first="Andrea" last="Borsato">Andrea Borsato</name><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><name sortKey="Drysdale, Russell N" sort="Drysdale, Russell N" uniqKey="Drysdale R" first="Russell N." last="Drysdale">Russell N. Drysdale</name><name sortKey="Hellstrom, John" sort="Hellstrom, John" uniqKey="Hellstrom J" first="John" last="Hellstrom">John Hellstrom</name><name sortKey="Weyrich, Laura S" sort="Weyrich, Laura S" uniqKey="Weyrich L" first="Laura S." last="Weyrich">Laura S. Weyrich</name></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Golledge, Nicholas R" sort="Golledge, Nicholas R" uniqKey="Golledge N" first="Nicholas R." last="Golledge">Nicholas R. Golledge</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Augustinus, Paul C" sort="Augustinus, Paul C" uniqKey="Augustinus P" first="Paul C." last="Augustinus">Paul C. Augustinus</name><name sortKey="Golledge, Nicholas R" sort="Golledge, Nicholas R" uniqKey="Golledge N" first="Nicholas R." last="Golledge">Nicholas R. Golledge</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Anesio, Alexandre M" sort="Anesio, Alexandre M" uniqKey="Anesio A" first="Alexandre M." last="Anesio">Alexandre M. Anesio</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Drysdale, Russell N" sort="Drysdale, Russell N" uniqKey="Drysdale R" first="Russell N." last="Drysdale">Russell N. Drysdale</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Rivard, Camille" sort="Rivard, Camille" uniqKey="Rivard C" first="Camille" last="Rivard">Camille Rivard</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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