Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production
Identifieur interne : 005821 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 005820; suivant : 005822Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production
Auteurs : P. J. Gregory ; J. S. I. Ingram ; R. Andersson ; R. A. Betts ; V. Brovkin ; T. N. Chase ; P. R. Grace ; A. J. Gray ; N. Hamilton ; T. B. Hardy ; S. M. Howden ; A. Jenkins ; M. Meybeck ; M. Olsson ; I. Ortiz-Monasterio ; C. A. Palm ; T. W. Payn ; M. Rummukainen ; R. E. Schulze ; M. Thiem ; C. Valentin ; M. J. WilkinsonSource :
- Agriculture, ecosystems & environment [ 0167-8809 ] ; 2002.
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English descriptors
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Abstract
The increasing global demand for food will be met chiefly by increased intensification of production. For crops, this will be achieved largely by increased yields per area with a smaller contribution from an increased number of crops grown in a seasonal cycle. Production systems show a spectrum of intensification practices characterised by varying methods of site preparation and pest control, and inputs of germplasm, nutrients and water. This paper highlights three main types of intensification (based largely on the quantity and efficiency of use of external inputs) and examines both the on- and off-site environmental consequences of each for soils, water quantity and quality, and climate forcing and regional climate change. The use of low amounts of external inputs is generally regarded as being the most environmentally-benign although this advantage over systems with higher inputs may disappear if the consequences are expressed per unit of product rather than per unit area. The adverse effects of production systems with high external inputs, especially losses of nutrients from fertilisers and manures to water courses and contributions of gases to climate forcing, have been quantified. Future intensification, including the use of improved germplasm via genetic modification, will seek to increase the efficiency of use of added inputs while minimising adverse effects on the environment. However, reducing the loss of nutrients from fertilisers and manures, and increasing the efficiency of water utilisation in crop production, remain considerable challenges.
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Format Inist (serveur)
| NO : | PASCAL 02-0217392 INIST |
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| ET : | Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production |
| AU : | GREGORY (P. J.); INGRAM (J. S. I.); ANDERSSON (R.); BETTS (R. A.); BROVKIN (V.); CHASE (T. N.); GRACE (P. R.); GRAY (A. J.); HAMILTON (N.); HARDY (T. B.); HOWDEN (S. M.); JENKINS (A.); MEYBECK (M.); OLSSON (M.); ORTIZ-MONASTERIO (I.); PALM (C. A.); PAYN (T. W.); RUMMUKAINEN (M.); SCHULZE (R. E.); THIEM (M.); VALENTIN (C.); WILKINSON (M. J.) |
| AF : | Department of Soil Science, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 233, Whiteknights/Reading RG6 6DW/Royaume-Uni (1 aut.); GCTE Agroecology (Focus 3) Office, NERC Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford/Wallingford, OX10 8BB/Royaume-Uni (2 aut.); Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050/750 07 Uppsala/Suède (3 aut., 15 aut., 19 aut., 22 aut.); Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction & Research, Meteorological Office, London Rd/Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2SY/Royaume-Uni (4 aut.); Postdam Inst of climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg P.O. Box 60 12 03/14412 Potsdam/Allemagne (5 aut.); Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Campus Box 216/Boulder, CO 80309-0216/Etats-Unis (6 aut.); Sinclair Knight merz. P.O. Box 246/Spring Hill, Queensland 4004/Australie (7 aut.); CEH-Furzebrook, Furzebrook Research Station/Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5AS/Royaume-Uni (8 aut.); IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3/53113 Bonn/Allemagne (9 aut., 20 aut.); Institute of Natural Systems Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill/Logan, Utah 84322-4110/Etats-Unis (10 aut.); Global Change Research, Resource Futures Program, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, G.P.O. Box 284/Canberra ACT 2601/Australie (11 aut.); Water Quality Division, NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford/Wallingford, OX10 8BB/Royaume-Uni (12 aut.); Lab de Geologie Appliquee, Univeriste de Paris 6, Case 123, Tour 26, 5e Etage, 4 Place Jussieu/Paris 75252/France (13 aut.); Department of Forest Soils, SLU, Box 7001/750 07 Uppsala/Suède (14 aut.); TSBF, UNESCO-ROSTA, Box 30592/Nairobi/Kenya (16 aut.); Forest Research, Sala Street, Private Bag 3020/Rotorua/Nouvelle-Zélande (17 aut.); SWECLIM/SHMI/60176 Norrköping/Suède (18 aut.); IRD-Ambassade de France, BP 06 IRD Vientiane/Laos (21 aut.) |
| DT : | Publication en série; Courte communication, note brève; Niveau analytique |
| SO : | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment; ISSN 0167-8809; Coden AEENDO; Pays-Bas; Da. 2002; Vol. 88; No. 3; Pp. 279-290; Bibl. 2 p.1/4 |
| LA : | Anglais |
| EA : | The increasing global demand for food will be met chiefly by increased intensification of production. For crops, this will be achieved largely by increased yields per area with a smaller contribution from an increased number of crops grown in a seasonal cycle. Production systems show a spectrum of intensification practices characterised by varying methods of site preparation and pest control, and inputs of germplasm, nutrients and water. This paper highlights three main types of intensification (based largely on the quantity and efficiency of use of external inputs) and examines both the on- and off-site environmental consequences of each for soils, water quantity and quality, and climate forcing and regional climate change. The use of low amounts of external inputs is generally regarded as being the most environmentally-benign although this advantage over systems with higher inputs may disappear if the consequences are expressed per unit of product rather than per unit area. The adverse effects of production systems with high external inputs, especially losses of nutrients from fertilisers and manures to water courses and contributions of gases to climate forcing, have been quantified. Future intensification, including the use of improved germplasm via genetic modification, will seek to increase the efficiency of use of added inputs while minimising adverse effects on the environment. However, reducing the loss of nutrients from fertilisers and manures, and increasing the efficiency of water utilisation in crop production, remain considerable challenges. |
| CC : | 002A32C01B1 |
| FD : | Agriculture intensive; Impact environnement; Préparation surface; Lutte antidéprédateur; Fertilisation; Irrigation; Modification climat; Qualité sol; Sélection génétique; Germoplasme; Efficacité utilisation eau; Efficacité nutriment |
| ED : | Intensive farming; Environment impact; Surface preparation; Pest management; Fertilization; Irrigation; Climate modification; Soil quality; Genetic selection; Germplasm; Water use efficiency; Nutrient recovery |
| SD : | Agricultura intensiva; Impacto medio ambiente; Preparación superficie; Manejo de plagas; Fertilización; Irrigación; Modificación clima; Calidad suelo; Selección genética; Germoplasma; Eficacia utilización agua; Eficacia nutrimento |
| LO : | INIST-16535.354000102816330060 |
| ID : | 02-0217392 |
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Andersson</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Betts, R A" sort="Betts, R A" uniqKey="Betts R" first="R. A." last="Betts">R. A. Betts</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction & Research, Meteorological Office, London Rd</s1><s2>Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2SY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brovkin, V" sort="Brovkin, V" uniqKey="Brovkin V" first="V." last="Brovkin">V. Brovkin</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Postdam Inst of climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg P.O. Box 60 12 03</s1><s2>14412 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chase, T N" sort="Chase, T N" uniqKey="Chase T" first="T. N." last="Chase">T. N. Chase</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Campus Box 216</s1><s2>Boulder, CO 80309-0216</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grace, P R" sort="Grace, P R" uniqKey="Grace P" first="P. R." last="Grace">P. R. Grace</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Sinclair Knight merz. P.O. Box 246</s1><s2>Spring Hill, Queensland 4004</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, A J" sort="Gray, A J" uniqKey="Gray A" first="A. J." last="Gray">A. J. Gray</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>CEH-Furzebrook, Furzebrook Research Station</s1><s2>Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5AS</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, N" sort="Hamilton, N" uniqKey="Hamilton N" first="N." last="Hamilton">N. Hamilton</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3</s1><s2>53113 Bonn</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardy, T B" sort="Hardy, T B" uniqKey="Hardy T" first="T. B." last="Hardy">T. B. Hardy</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Institute of Natural Systems Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill</s1><s2>Logan, Utah 84322-4110</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howden, S M" sort="Howden, S M" uniqKey="Howden S" first="S. M." last="Howden">S. M. Howden</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Global Change Research, Resource Futures Program, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, G.P.O. Box 284</s1><s2>Canberra ACT 2601</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenkins, A" sort="Jenkins, A" uniqKey="Jenkins A" first="A." last="Jenkins">A. Jenkins</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Water Quality Division, NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford</s1><s2>Wallingford, OX10 8BB</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meybeck, M" sort="Meybeck, M" uniqKey="Meybeck M" first="M." last="Meybeck">M. Meybeck</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Lab de Geologie Appliquee, Univeriste de Paris 6, Case 123, Tour 26, 5e Etage, 4 Place Jussieu</s1><s2>Paris 75252</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olsson, M" sort="Olsson, M" uniqKey="Olsson M" first="M." last="Olsson">M. Olsson</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Forest Soils, SLU, Box 7001</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortiz Monasterio, I" sort="Ortiz Monasterio, I" uniqKey="Ortiz Monasterio I" first="I." last="Ortiz-Monasterio">I. Ortiz-Monasterio</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palm, C A" sort="Palm, C A" uniqKey="Palm C" first="C. A." last="Palm">C. A. Palm</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>TSBF, UNESCO-ROSTA, Box 30592</s1><s2>Nairobi</s2><s3>KEN</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payn, T W" sort="Payn, T W" uniqKey="Payn T" first="T. W." last="Payn">T. W. Payn</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Forest Research, Sala Street, Private Bag 3020</s1><s2>Rotorua</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rummukainen, M" sort="Rummukainen, M" uniqKey="Rummukainen M" first="M." last="Rummukainen">M. Rummukainen</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>SWECLIM/SHMI</s1><s2>60176 Norrköping</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, R E" sort="Schulze, R E" uniqKey="Schulze R" first="R. E." last="Schulze">R. E. Schulze</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiem, M" sort="Thiem, M" uniqKey="Thiem M" first="M." last="Thiem">M. Thiem</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3</s1><s2>53113 Bonn</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valentin, C" sort="Valentin, C" uniqKey="Valentin C" first="C." last="Valentin">C. Valentin</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>IRD-Ambassade de France, BP 06 IRD Vientiane</s1><s3>LAO</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, M J" sort="Wilkinson, M J" uniqKey="Wilkinson M" first="M. J." last="Wilkinson">M. J. Wilkinson</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">02-0217392</idno><date when="2002">2002</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 02-0217392 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:02-0217392</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">005821</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production</title><author><name sortKey="Gregory, P J" sort="Gregory, P J" uniqKey="Gregory P" first="P. J." last="Gregory">P. J. Gregory</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Soil Science, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 233, Whiteknights</s1><s2>Reading RG6 6DW</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingram, J S I" sort="Ingram, J S I" uniqKey="Ingram J" first="J. S. I." last="Ingram">J. S. I. Ingram</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>GCTE Agroecology (Focus 3) Office, NERC Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford</s1><s2>Wallingford, OX10 8BB</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andersson, R" sort="Andersson, R" uniqKey="Andersson R" first="R." last="Andersson">R. Andersson</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Betts, R A" sort="Betts, R A" uniqKey="Betts R" first="R. A." last="Betts">R. A. Betts</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction & Research, Meteorological Office, London Rd</s1><s2>Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2SY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brovkin, V" sort="Brovkin, V" uniqKey="Brovkin V" first="V." last="Brovkin">V. Brovkin</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Postdam Inst of climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg P.O. Box 60 12 03</s1><s2>14412 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chase, T N" sort="Chase, T N" uniqKey="Chase T" first="T. N." last="Chase">T. N. Chase</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Campus Box 216</s1><s2>Boulder, CO 80309-0216</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grace, P R" sort="Grace, P R" uniqKey="Grace P" first="P. R." last="Grace">P. R. Grace</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Sinclair Knight merz. P.O. Box 246</s1><s2>Spring Hill, Queensland 4004</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, A J" sort="Gray, A J" uniqKey="Gray A" first="A. J." last="Gray">A. J. Gray</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>CEH-Furzebrook, Furzebrook Research Station</s1><s2>Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5AS</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, N" sort="Hamilton, N" uniqKey="Hamilton N" first="N." last="Hamilton">N. Hamilton</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3</s1><s2>53113 Bonn</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardy, T B" sort="Hardy, T B" uniqKey="Hardy T" first="T. B." last="Hardy">T. B. Hardy</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Institute of Natural Systems Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill</s1><s2>Logan, Utah 84322-4110</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howden, S M" sort="Howden, S M" uniqKey="Howden S" first="S. M." last="Howden">S. M. Howden</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Global Change Research, Resource Futures Program, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, G.P.O. Box 284</s1><s2>Canberra ACT 2601</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenkins, A" sort="Jenkins, A" uniqKey="Jenkins A" first="A." last="Jenkins">A. Jenkins</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Water Quality Division, NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford</s1><s2>Wallingford, OX10 8BB</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meybeck, M" sort="Meybeck, M" uniqKey="Meybeck M" first="M." last="Meybeck">M. Meybeck</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Lab de Geologie Appliquee, Univeriste de Paris 6, Case 123, Tour 26, 5e Etage, 4 Place Jussieu</s1><s2>Paris 75252</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olsson, M" sort="Olsson, M" uniqKey="Olsson M" first="M." last="Olsson">M. Olsson</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Forest Soils, SLU, Box 7001</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortiz Monasterio, I" sort="Ortiz Monasterio, I" uniqKey="Ortiz Monasterio I" first="I." last="Ortiz-Monasterio">I. Ortiz-Monasterio</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palm, C A" sort="Palm, C A" uniqKey="Palm C" first="C. A." last="Palm">C. A. Palm</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>TSBF, UNESCO-ROSTA, Box 30592</s1><s2>Nairobi</s2><s3>KEN</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payn, T W" sort="Payn, T W" uniqKey="Payn T" first="T. W." last="Payn">T. W. Payn</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Forest Research, Sala Street, Private Bag 3020</s1><s2>Rotorua</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rummukainen, M" sort="Rummukainen, M" uniqKey="Rummukainen M" first="M." last="Rummukainen">M. Rummukainen</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>SWECLIM/SHMI</s1><s2>60176 Norrköping</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, R E" sort="Schulze, R E" uniqKey="Schulze R" first="R. E." last="Schulze">R. E. Schulze</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiem, M" sort="Thiem, M" uniqKey="Thiem M" first="M." last="Thiem">M. Thiem</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3</s1><s2>53113 Bonn</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valentin, C" sort="Valentin, C" uniqKey="Valentin C" first="C." last="Valentin">C. Valentin</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>IRD-Ambassade de France, BP 06 IRD Vientiane</s1><s3>LAO</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, M J" sort="Wilkinson, M J" uniqKey="Wilkinson M" first="M. J." last="Wilkinson">M. J. Wilkinson</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Agric. ecosyst. environ.</title><idno type="ISSN">0167-8809</idno><imprint><date when="2002">2002</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Agric. ecosyst. environ.</title><idno type="ISSN">0167-8809</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Climate modification</term><term>Environment impact</term><term>Fertilization</term><term>Genetic selection</term><term>Germplasm</term><term>Intensive farming</term><term>Irrigation</term><term>Nutrient recovery</term><term>Pest management</term><term>Soil quality</term><term>Surface preparation</term><term>Water use efficiency</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture intensive</term><term>Impact environnement</term><term>Préparation surface</term><term>Lutte antidéprédateur</term><term>Fertilisation</term><term>Irrigation</term><term>Modification climat</term><term>Qualité sol</term><term>Sélection génétique</term><term>Germoplasme</term><term>Efficacité utilisation eau</term><term>Efficacité nutriment</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The increasing global demand for food will be met chiefly by increased intensification of production. For crops, this will be achieved largely by increased yields per area with a smaller contribution from an increased number of crops grown in a seasonal cycle. Production systems show a spectrum of intensification practices characterised by varying methods of site preparation and pest control, and inputs of germplasm, nutrients and water. This paper highlights three main types of intensification (based largely on the quantity and efficiency of use of external inputs) and examines both the on- and off-site environmental consequences of each for soils, water quantity and quality, and climate forcing and regional climate change. The use of low amounts of external inputs is generally regarded as being the most environmentally-benign although this advantage over systems with higher inputs may disappear if the consequences are expressed per unit of product rather than per unit area. The adverse effects of production systems with high external inputs, especially losses of nutrients from fertilisers and manures to water courses and contributions of gases to climate forcing, have been quantified. Future intensification, including the use of improved germplasm via genetic modification, will seek to increase the efficiency of use of added inputs while minimising adverse effects on the environment. However, reducing the loss of nutrients from fertilisers and manures, and increasing the efficiency of water utilisation in crop production, remain considerable challenges.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0167-8809</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>AEENDO</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Agric. ecosyst. environ.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>88</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>3</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>GREGORY (P. J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>INGRAM (J. S. I.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>ANDERSSON (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>BETTS (R. A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>BROVKIN (V.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>CHASE (T. N.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>GRACE (P. R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>GRAY (A. J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>HAMILTON (N.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>HARDY (T. B.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>HOWDEN (S. M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>JENKINS (A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>MEYBECK (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>OLSSON (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="15" i2="1"><s1>ORTIZ-MONASTERIO (I.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="16" i2="1"><s1>PALM (C. A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="17" i2="1"><s1>PAYN (T. W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="18" i2="1"><s1>RUMMUKAINEN (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="19" i2="1"><s1>SCHULZE (R. E.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="20" i2="1"><s1>THIEM (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="21" i2="1"><s1>VALENTIN (C.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="22" i2="1"><s1>WILKINSON (M. J.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Soil Science, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 233, Whiteknights</s1><s2>Reading RG6 6DW</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>GCTE Agroecology (Focus 3) Office, NERC Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford</s1><s2>Wallingford, OX10 8BB</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction & Research, Meteorological Office, London Rd</s1><s2>Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2SY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Postdam Inst of climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg P.O. Box 60 12 03</s1><s2>14412 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Campus Box 216</s1><s2>Boulder, CO 80309-0216</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Sinclair Knight merz. P.O. Box 246</s1><s2>Spring Hill, Queensland 4004</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>CEH-Furzebrook, Furzebrook Research Station</s1><s2>Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5AS</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="09"><s1>IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3</s1><s2>53113 Bonn</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="10"><s1>Institute of Natural Systems Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill</s1><s2>Logan, Utah 84322-4110</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="11"><s1>Global Change Research, Resource Futures Program, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, G.P.O. Box 284</s1><s2>Canberra ACT 2601</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="12"><s1>Water Quality Division, NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford</s1><s2>Wallingford, OX10 8BB</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="13"><s1>Lab de Geologie Appliquee, Univeriste de Paris 6, Case 123, Tour 26, 5e Etage, 4 Place Jussieu</s1><s2>Paris 75252</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Forest Soils, SLU, Box 7001</s1><s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="15"><s1>TSBF, UNESCO-ROSTA, Box 30592</s1><s2>Nairobi</s2><s3>KEN</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="16"><s1>Forest Research, Sala Street, Private Bag 3020</s1><s2>Rotorua</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="17"><s1>SWECLIM/SHMI</s1><s2>60176 Norrköping</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="18"><s1>IRD-Ambassade de France, BP 06 IRD Vientiane</s1><s3>LAO</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>279-290</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2002</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>16535</s2><s5>354000102816330060</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2002 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>2 p.1/4</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>02-0217392</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1><s3>CC</s3></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>NLD</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>The increasing global demand for food will be met chiefly by increased intensification of production. For crops, this will be achieved largely by increased yields per area with a smaller contribution from an increased number of crops grown in a seasonal cycle. Production systems show a spectrum of intensification practices characterised by varying methods of site preparation and pest control, and inputs of germplasm, nutrients and water. This paper highlights three main types of intensification (based largely on the quantity and efficiency of use of external inputs) and examines both the on- and off-site environmental consequences of each for soils, water quantity and quality, and climate forcing and regional climate change. The use of low amounts of external inputs is generally regarded as being the most environmentally-benign although this advantage over systems with higher inputs may disappear if the consequences are expressed per unit of product rather than per unit area. The adverse effects of production systems with high external inputs, especially losses of nutrients from fertilisers and manures to water courses and contributions of gases to climate forcing, have been quantified. Future intensification, including the use of improved germplasm via genetic modification, will seek to increase the efficiency of use of added inputs while minimising adverse effects on the environment. However, reducing the loss of nutrients from fertilisers and manures, and increasing the efficiency of water utilisation in crop production, remain considerable challenges.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A32C01B1</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Agriculture intensive</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Intensive farming</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Agricultura intensiva</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Impact environnement</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Environment impact</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Impacto medio ambiente</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Préparation surface</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Surface preparation</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Preparación superficie</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Lutte antidéprédateur</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Pest management</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Manejo de plagas</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Fertilisation</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Fertilization</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fertilización</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Irrigation</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Irrigation</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Irrigación</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Modification climat</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Climate modification</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Modificación clima</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Qualité sol</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Soil quality</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Calidad suelo</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Sélection génétique</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Genetic selection</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Selección genética</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Germoplasme</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Germplasm</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Germoplasma</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Efficacité utilisation eau</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Water use efficiency</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Eficacia utilización agua</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Efficacité nutriment</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nutrient recovery</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Eficacia nutrimento</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fN21><s1>126</s1></fN21><fN82><s1>PSI</s1></fN82></pA></standard><server><NO>PASCAL 02-0217392 INIST</NO><ET>Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production</ET><AU>GREGORY (P. J.); INGRAM (J. S. I.); ANDERSSON (R.); BETTS (R. A.); BROVKIN (V.); CHASE (T. N.); GRACE (P. R.); GRAY (A. J.); HAMILTON (N.); HARDY (T. B.); HOWDEN (S. M.); JENKINS (A.); MEYBECK (M.); OLSSON (M.); ORTIZ-MONASTERIO (I.); PALM (C. A.); PAYN (T. W.); RUMMUKAINEN (M.); SCHULZE (R. E.); THIEM (M.); VALENTIN (C.); WILKINSON (M. J.)</AU><AF>Department of Soil Science, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 233, Whiteknights/Reading RG6 6DW/Royaume-Uni (1 aut.); GCTE Agroecology (Focus 3) Office, NERC Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford/Wallingford, OX10 8BB/Royaume-Uni (2 aut.); Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050/750 07 Uppsala/Suède (3 aut., 15 aut., 19 aut., 22 aut.); Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction & Research, Meteorological Office, London Rd/Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2SY/Royaume-Uni (4 aut.); Postdam Inst of climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg P.O. Box 60 12 03/14412 Potsdam/Allemagne (5 aut.); Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Campus Box 216/Boulder, CO 80309-0216/Etats-Unis (6 aut.); Sinclair Knight merz. P.O. Box 246/Spring Hill, Queensland 4004/Australie (7 aut.); CEH-Furzebrook, Furzebrook Research Station/Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5AS/Royaume-Uni (8 aut.); IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3/53113 Bonn/Allemagne (9 aut., 20 aut.); Institute of Natural Systems Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill/Logan, Utah 84322-4110/Etats-Unis (10 aut.); Global Change Research, Resource Futures Program, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, G.P.O. Box 284/Canberra ACT 2601/Australie (11 aut.); Water Quality Division, NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford/Wallingford, OX10 8BB/Royaume-Uni (12 aut.); Lab de Geologie Appliquee, Univeriste de Paris 6, Case 123, Tour 26, 5e Etage, 4 Place Jussieu/Paris 75252/France (13 aut.); Department of Forest Soils, SLU, Box 7001/750 07 Uppsala/Suède (14 aut.); TSBF, UNESCO-ROSTA, Box 30592/Nairobi/Kenya (16 aut.); Forest Research, Sala Street, Private Bag 3020/Rotorua/Nouvelle-Zélande (17 aut.); SWECLIM/SHMI/60176 Norrköping/Suède (18 aut.); IRD-Ambassade de France, BP 06 IRD Vientiane/Laos (21 aut.)</AF><DT>Publication en série; Courte communication, note brève; Niveau analytique</DT><SO>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment; ISSN 0167-8809; Coden AEENDO; Pays-Bas; Da. 2002; Vol. 88; No. 3; Pp. 279-290; Bibl. 2 p.1/4</SO><LA>Anglais</LA><EA>The increasing global demand for food will be met chiefly by increased intensification of production. For crops, this will be achieved largely by increased yields per area with a smaller contribution from an increased number of crops grown in a seasonal cycle. Production systems show a spectrum of intensification practices characterised by varying methods of site preparation and pest control, and inputs of germplasm, nutrients and water. This paper highlights three main types of intensification (based largely on the quantity and efficiency of use of external inputs) and examines both the on- and off-site environmental consequences of each for soils, water quantity and quality, and climate forcing and regional climate change. The use of low amounts of external inputs is generally regarded as being the most environmentally-benign although this advantage over systems with higher inputs may disappear if the consequences are expressed per unit of product rather than per unit area. The adverse effects of production systems with high external inputs, especially losses of nutrients from fertilisers and manures to water courses and contributions of gases to climate forcing, have been quantified. Future intensification, including the use of improved germplasm via genetic modification, will seek to increase the efficiency of use of added inputs while minimising adverse effects on the environment. However, reducing the loss of nutrients from fertilisers and manures, and increasing the efficiency of water utilisation in crop production, remain considerable challenges.</EA><CC>002A32C01B1</CC><FD>Agriculture intensive; Impact environnement; Préparation surface; Lutte antidéprédateur; Fertilisation; Irrigation; Modification climat; Qualité sol; Sélection génétique; Germoplasme; Efficacité utilisation eau; Efficacité nutriment</FD><ED>Intensive farming; Environment impact; Surface preparation; Pest management; Fertilization; Irrigation; Climate modification; Soil quality; Genetic selection; Germplasm; Water use efficiency; Nutrient recovery</ED><SD>Agricultura intensiva; Impacto medio ambiente; Preparación superficie; Manejo de plagas; Fertilización; Irrigación; Modificación clima; Calidad suelo; Selección genética; Germoplasma; Eficacia utilización agua; Eficacia nutrimento</SD><LO>INIST-16535.354000102816330060</LO><ID>02-0217392</ID></server></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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