Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance
Identifieur interne :
002B44 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus );
précédent :
002B43;
suivant :
002B45
Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance
Auteurs : Philippe Hinsinger ;
A. Glyn Bengough ;
Doris Vetterlein ;
Iain M. YoungSource :
-
Plant and soil [ 0032-079X ] ; 2009.
RBID : Pascal:09-0412366
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Biophysique,
Biogéochimie,
Ecologie,
Résistance mécanique,
Mécanique sol,
Caractéristique sol,
Structure sol,
Potentiel hydrique,
pH,
Rhizosphère,
Potentiel oxydoréduction,
Elément assimilable,
Relation sol plante.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Available nutrient,
Biogeochemistry,
Biophysics,
Ecology,
Property of soil,
Redox potential,
Rhizosphere,
Soil mechanics,
Soil plant relation,
Soil structure,
Strength,
Water potential,
pH.
Abstract
Life on Earth is sustained by a small volume of soil surrounding roots, called the rhizosphere. The soil is where most of the biodiversity on Earth exists, and the rhizosphere probably represents the most dynamic habitat on Earth; and certainly is the most important zone in terms of defining the quality and quantity of the Human terrestrial food resource. Despite its central importance to all life, we know very little about rhizosphere functioning, and have an extraordinary ignorance about how best we can manipulate it to our advantage. A major issue in research on rhizosphere processes is the intimate connection between the biology, physics and chemistry of the system which exhibits astonishing spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This review considers the unique biophysical and biogeochemical properties of the rhizosphere and draws some connections between them. Particular emphasis is put on how underlying processes affect rhizosphere ecology, to generate highly heterogeneous microenvironments. Rhizosphere ecology is driven by a combination of the physical architecture of the soil matrix, coupled with the spatial and temporal distribution of rhizodeposits, protons, gases, and the role of roots as sinks for water and nutrients. Consequences for plant growth and whole-system ecology are considered. The first sections address the physical architecture and soil strength of the rhizosphere, drawing their relationship with key functions such as the movement and storage of elements and water as well as the ability of roots to explore the soil and the definition of diverse habitats for soil microorganisms. The distribution of water and its accessibility in the rhizosphere is considered in detail, with a special emphasis on spatial and temporal dynamics and heterogeneities. The physical architecture and water content play a key role in determining the biogeochemical ambience of the rhizosphere, via their effect on partial pressures of O2 and CO2, and thereby on redox potential and pH of the rhizosphere, respectively. We address the various mechanisms by which roots and associated microorganisms alter these major drivers of soil biogeochemistry. Finally, we consider the distribution of nutrients, their accessibility in the rhizosphere, and their functional relevance for plant and microbial ecology. Gradients of nutrients in the rhizosphere, and their spatial patterns or temporal dynamics are discussed in the light of current knowledge of rhizosphere biophysics and biogeochemistry. Priorities for future research are identified as well as new methodological developments which might help to advance a comprehensive understanding of the co-occurring processes in the rhizosphere.
Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)
Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.
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C01 | 01 | | ENG | @0 Life on Earth is sustained by a small volume of soil surrounding roots, called the rhizosphere. The soil is where most of the biodiversity on Earth exists, and the rhizosphere probably represents the most dynamic habitat on Earth; and certainly is the most important zone in terms of defining the quality and quantity of the Human terrestrial food resource. Despite its central importance to all life, we know very little about rhizosphere functioning, and have an extraordinary ignorance about how best we can manipulate it to our advantage. A major issue in research on rhizosphere processes is the intimate connection between the biology, physics and chemistry of the system which exhibits astonishing spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This review considers the unique biophysical and biogeochemical properties of the rhizosphere and draws some connections between them. Particular emphasis is put on how underlying processes affect rhizosphere ecology, to generate highly heterogeneous microenvironments. Rhizosphere ecology is driven by a combination of the physical architecture of the soil matrix, coupled with the spatial and temporal distribution of rhizodeposits, protons, gases, and the role of roots as sinks for water and nutrients. Consequences for plant growth and whole-system ecology are considered. The first sections address the physical architecture and soil strength of the rhizosphere, drawing their relationship with key functions such as the movement and storage of elements and water as well as the ability of roots to explore the soil and the definition of diverse habitats for soil microorganisms. The distribution of water and its accessibility in the rhizosphere is considered in detail, with a special emphasis on spatial and temporal dynamics and heterogeneities. The physical architecture and water content play a key role in determining the biogeochemical ambience of the rhizosphere, via their effect on partial pressures of O2 and CO2, and thereby on redox potential and pH of the rhizosphere, respectively. We address the various mechanisms by which roots and associated microorganisms alter these major drivers of soil biogeochemistry. Finally, we consider the distribution of nutrients, their accessibility in the rhizosphere, and their functional relevance for plant and microbial ecology. Gradients of nutrients in the rhizosphere, and their spatial patterns or temporal dynamics are discussed in the light of current knowledge of rhizosphere biophysics and biogeochemistry. Priorities for future research are identified as well as new methodological developments which might help to advance a comprehensive understanding of the co-occurring processes in the rhizosphere. |
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pR |
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Format Inist (serveur)
NO : | PASCAL 09-0412366 INIST |
ET : | Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance |
AU : | HINSINGER (Philippe); GLYN BENGOUGH (A.); VETTERLEIN (Doris); YOUNG (Iain M.); DESSAUX (Yves); HINSINGER (Philippe) |
AF : | UMR 1222 Eco&Sols Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie des Sols (INRA-IRD-SupAgro), INRA, Place Viala/34060 Montpellier/France (1 aut.); Scottish Crop Research Institute/Dundee DD2 5DA/Royaume-Uni (2 aut.); Department Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4/06120 Halle/Saale/Allemagne (3 aut.); School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England/Armidale, NSW 2351/Australie (4 aut.); UPR2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Avenue de la terrasse/91198 Gif-sur-Yvette/France (1 aut.); UMR 1222 Eco&Sols Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (INRA-IRD-SupAgro), INRA, Place Viala/34060 Montpellier/France (2 aut.) |
DT : | Publication en série; Congrès; Niveau analytique |
SO : | Plant and soil; ISSN 0032-079X; Coden PLSOA2; Pays-Bas; Da. 2009; Vol. 321; No. 1-2; Pp. 117-152; Bibl. 9 p.3/4 |
LA : | Anglais |
EA : | Life on Earth is sustained by a small volume of soil surrounding roots, called the rhizosphere. The soil is where most of the biodiversity on Earth exists, and the rhizosphere probably represents the most dynamic habitat on Earth; and certainly is the most important zone in terms of defining the quality and quantity of the Human terrestrial food resource. Despite its central importance to all life, we know very little about rhizosphere functioning, and have an extraordinary ignorance about how best we can manipulate it to our advantage. A major issue in research on rhizosphere processes is the intimate connection between the biology, physics and chemistry of the system which exhibits astonishing spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This review considers the unique biophysical and biogeochemical properties of the rhizosphere and draws some connections between them. Particular emphasis is put on how underlying processes affect rhizosphere ecology, to generate highly heterogeneous microenvironments. Rhizosphere ecology is driven by a combination of the physical architecture of the soil matrix, coupled with the spatial and temporal distribution of rhizodeposits, protons, gases, and the role of roots as sinks for water and nutrients. Consequences for plant growth and whole-system ecology are considered. The first sections address the physical architecture and soil strength of the rhizosphere, drawing their relationship with key functions such as the movement and storage of elements and water as well as the ability of roots to explore the soil and the definition of diverse habitats for soil microorganisms. The distribution of water and its accessibility in the rhizosphere is considered in detail, with a special emphasis on spatial and temporal dynamics and heterogeneities. The physical architecture and water content play a key role in determining the biogeochemical ambience of the rhizosphere, via their effect on partial pressures of O2 and CO2, and thereby on redox potential and pH of the rhizosphere, respectively. We address the various mechanisms by which roots and associated microorganisms alter these major drivers of soil biogeochemistry. Finally, we consider the distribution of nutrients, their accessibility in the rhizosphere, and their functional relevance for plant and microbial ecology. Gradients of nutrients in the rhizosphere, and their spatial patterns or temporal dynamics are discussed in the light of current knowledge of rhizosphere biophysics and biogeochemistry. Priorities for future research are identified as well as new methodological developments which might help to advance a comprehensive understanding of the co-occurring processes in the rhizosphere. |
CC : | 002A32B03A1; 002A14; 002A32C02B |
FD : | Biophysique; Biogéochimie; Ecologie; Résistance mécanique; Mécanique sol; Caractéristique sol; Structure sol; Potentiel hydrique; pH; Rhizosphère; Potentiel oxydoréduction; Elément assimilable; Relation sol plante |
FG : | Propriété mécanique; Science du sol; Propriété physique; Propriété physicochimique; Elément minéral |
ED : | Biophysics; Biogeochemistry; Ecology; Strength; Soil mechanics; Property of soil; Soil structure; Water potential; pH; Rhizosphere; Redox potential; Available nutrient; Soil plant relation |
EG : | Mechanical properties; Soil science; Physical properties; Physicochemical properties; Inorganic element |
SD : | Biofísica; Biogeoquímica; Ecología; Resistencia mecánica; Mecánica suelo; Característica suelo; Estructura suelo; Potencial hídrico; pH; Rizosfera; Potencial redox; Elemento asimilable; Relación suelo planta |
LO : | INIST-4772.354000170830320050 |
ID : | 09-0412366 |
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Pascal:09-0412366
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Life on Earth is sustained by a small volume of soil surrounding roots, called the rhizosphere. The soil is where most of the biodiversity on Earth exists, and the rhizosphere probably represents the most dynamic habitat on Earth; and certainly is the most important zone in terms of defining the quality and quantity of the Human terrestrial food resource. Despite its central importance to all life, we know very little about rhizosphere functioning, and have an extraordinary ignorance about how best we can manipulate it to our advantage. A major issue in research on rhizosphere processes is the intimate connection between the biology, physics and chemistry of the system which exhibits astonishing spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This review considers the unique biophysical and biogeochemical properties of the rhizosphere and draws some connections between them. Particular emphasis is put on how underlying processes affect rhizosphere ecology, to generate highly heterogeneous microenvironments. Rhizosphere ecology is driven by a combination of the physical architecture of the soil matrix, coupled with the spatial and temporal distribution of rhizodeposits, protons, gases, and the role of roots as sinks for water and nutrients. Consequences for plant growth and whole-system ecology are considered. The first sections address the physical architecture and soil strength of the rhizosphere, drawing their relationship with key functions such as the movement and storage of elements and water as well as the ability of roots to explore the soil and the definition of diverse habitats for soil microorganisms. The distribution of water and its accessibility in the rhizosphere is considered in detail, with a special emphasis on spatial and temporal dynamics and heterogeneities. The physical architecture and water content play a key role in determining the biogeochemical ambience of the rhizosphere, via their effect on partial pressures of O<sub>2</sub>
and CO<sub>2</sub>
, and thereby on redox potential and pH of the rhizosphere, respectively. We address the various mechanisms by which roots and associated microorganisms alter these major drivers of soil biogeochemistry. Finally, we consider the distribution of nutrients, their accessibility in the rhizosphere, and their functional relevance for plant and microbial ecology. Gradients of nutrients in the rhizosphere, and their spatial patterns or temporal dynamics are discussed in the light of current knowledge of rhizosphere biophysics and biogeochemistry. Priorities for future research are identified as well as new methodological developments which might help to advance a comprehensive understanding of the co-occurring processes in the rhizosphere.</div>
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<fA14 i1="01"><s1>UMR 1222 Eco&Sols Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie des Sols (INRA-IRD-SupAgro), INRA, Place Viala</s1>
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<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>Scottish Crop Research Institute</s1>
<s2>Dundee DD2 5DA</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4</s1>
<s2>06120 Halle/Saale</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England</s1>
<s2>Armidale, NSW 2351</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA15 i1="01"><s1>UPR2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Avenue de la terrasse</s1>
<s2>91198 Gif-sur-Yvette</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA15>
<fA15 i1="02"><s1>UMR 1222 Eco&Sols Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (INRA-IRD-SupAgro), INRA, Place Viala</s1>
<s2>34060 Montpellier</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA15>
<fA20><s1>117-152</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2009</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>4772</s2>
<s5>354000170830320050</s5>
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<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
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<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>09-0412366</s0>
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<fA60><s1>P</s1>
<s2>C</s2>
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<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Plant and soil</s0>
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<fA66 i1="01"><s0>NLD</s0>
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<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Life on Earth is sustained by a small volume of soil surrounding roots, called the rhizosphere. The soil is where most of the biodiversity on Earth exists, and the rhizosphere probably represents the most dynamic habitat on Earth; and certainly is the most important zone in terms of defining the quality and quantity of the Human terrestrial food resource. Despite its central importance to all life, we know very little about rhizosphere functioning, and have an extraordinary ignorance about how best we can manipulate it to our advantage. A major issue in research on rhizosphere processes is the intimate connection between the biology, physics and chemistry of the system which exhibits astonishing spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This review considers the unique biophysical and biogeochemical properties of the rhizosphere and draws some connections between them. Particular emphasis is put on how underlying processes affect rhizosphere ecology, to generate highly heterogeneous microenvironments. Rhizosphere ecology is driven by a combination of the physical architecture of the soil matrix, coupled with the spatial and temporal distribution of rhizodeposits, protons, gases, and the role of roots as sinks for water and nutrients. Consequences for plant growth and whole-system ecology are considered. The first sections address the physical architecture and soil strength of the rhizosphere, drawing their relationship with key functions such as the movement and storage of elements and water as well as the ability of roots to explore the soil and the definition of diverse habitats for soil microorganisms. The distribution of water and its accessibility in the rhizosphere is considered in detail, with a special emphasis on spatial and temporal dynamics and heterogeneities. The physical architecture and water content play a key role in determining the biogeochemical ambience of the rhizosphere, via their effect on partial pressures of O<sub>2</sub>
and CO<sub>2</sub>
, and thereby on redox potential and pH of the rhizosphere, respectively. We address the various mechanisms by which roots and associated microorganisms alter these major drivers of soil biogeochemistry. Finally, we consider the distribution of nutrients, their accessibility in the rhizosphere, and their functional relevance for plant and microbial ecology. Gradients of nutrients in the rhizosphere, and their spatial patterns or temporal dynamics are discussed in the light of current knowledge of rhizosphere biophysics and biogeochemistry. Priorities for future research are identified as well as new methodological developments which might help to advance a comprehensive understanding of the co-occurring processes in the rhizosphere.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A32B03A1</s0>
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<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002A14</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="X"><s0>002A32C02B</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Biophysique</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
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<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biophysics</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
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<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Biogéochimie</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biogeochemistry</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Biogeoquímica</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ecologie</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ecology</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ecología</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Résistance mécanique</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Strength</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Resistencia mecánica</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mécanique sol</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Soil mechanics</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mecánica suelo</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Caractéristique sol</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Property of soil</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Característica suelo</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Structure sol</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Soil structure</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estructura suelo</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Potentiel hydrique</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Water potential</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Potencial hídrico</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>pH</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>pH</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>pH</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Rhizosphère</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Rhizosphere</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Rizosfera</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Potentiel oxydoréduction</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Redox potential</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Potencial redox</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Elément assimilable</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Available nutrient</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Elemento asimilable</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Relation sol plante</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Soil plant relation</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Relación suelo planta</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Propriété mécanique</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Mechanical properties</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Propiedad mecánica</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Science du sol</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Soil science</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ciencia del suelo</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Propriété physique</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Physical properties</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Propiedad física</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Propriété physicochimique</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Physicochemical properties</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Propiedad fisicoquímica</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Elément minéral</s0>
<s5>50</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Inorganic element</s0>
<s5>50</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Elemento inorgánico</s0>
<s5>50</s5>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>299</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
<pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>International Rhizosphere 2 Conference</s1>
<s3>Montpellier FRA</s3>
<s4>2007</s4>
</fA30>
</pR>
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<server><NO>PASCAL 09-0412366 INIST</NO>
<ET>Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance</ET>
<AU>HINSINGER (Philippe); GLYN BENGOUGH (A.); VETTERLEIN (Doris); YOUNG (Iain M.); DESSAUX (Yves); HINSINGER (Philippe)</AU>
<AF>UMR 1222 Eco&Sols Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie des Sols (INRA-IRD-SupAgro), INRA, Place Viala/34060 Montpellier/France (1 aut.); Scottish Crop Research Institute/Dundee DD2 5DA/Royaume-Uni (2 aut.); Department Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4/06120 Halle/Saale/Allemagne (3 aut.); School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England/Armidale, NSW 2351/Australie (4 aut.); UPR2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Avenue de la terrasse/91198 Gif-sur-Yvette/France (1 aut.); UMR 1222 Eco&Sols Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (INRA-IRD-SupAgro), INRA, Place Viala/34060 Montpellier/France (2 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Congrès; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Plant and soil; ISSN 0032-079X; Coden PLSOA2; Pays-Bas; Da. 2009; Vol. 321; No. 1-2; Pp. 117-152; Bibl. 9 p.3/4</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Life on Earth is sustained by a small volume of soil surrounding roots, called the rhizosphere. The soil is where most of the biodiversity on Earth exists, and the rhizosphere probably represents the most dynamic habitat on Earth; and certainly is the most important zone in terms of defining the quality and quantity of the Human terrestrial food resource. Despite its central importance to all life, we know very little about rhizosphere functioning, and have an extraordinary ignorance about how best we can manipulate it to our advantage. A major issue in research on rhizosphere processes is the intimate connection between the biology, physics and chemistry of the system which exhibits astonishing spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This review considers the unique biophysical and biogeochemical properties of the rhizosphere and draws some connections between them. Particular emphasis is put on how underlying processes affect rhizosphere ecology, to generate highly heterogeneous microenvironments. Rhizosphere ecology is driven by a combination of the physical architecture of the soil matrix, coupled with the spatial and temporal distribution of rhizodeposits, protons, gases, and the role of roots as sinks for water and nutrients. Consequences for plant growth and whole-system ecology are considered. The first sections address the physical architecture and soil strength of the rhizosphere, drawing their relationship with key functions such as the movement and storage of elements and water as well as the ability of roots to explore the soil and the definition of diverse habitats for soil microorganisms. The distribution of water and its accessibility in the rhizosphere is considered in detail, with a special emphasis on spatial and temporal dynamics and heterogeneities. The physical architecture and water content play a key role in determining the biogeochemical ambience of the rhizosphere, via their effect on partial pressures of O<sub>2</sub>
and CO<sub>2</sub>
, and thereby on redox potential and pH of the rhizosphere, respectively. We address the various mechanisms by which roots and associated microorganisms alter these major drivers of soil biogeochemistry. Finally, we consider the distribution of nutrients, their accessibility in the rhizosphere, and their functional relevance for plant and microbial ecology. Gradients of nutrients in the rhizosphere, and their spatial patterns or temporal dynamics are discussed in the light of current knowledge of rhizosphere biophysics and biogeochemistry. Priorities for future research are identified as well as new methodological developments which might help to advance a comprehensive understanding of the co-occurring processes in the rhizosphere.</EA>
<CC>002A32B03A1; 002A14; 002A32C02B</CC>
<FD>Biophysique; Biogéochimie; Ecologie; Résistance mécanique; Mécanique sol; Caractéristique sol; Structure sol; Potentiel hydrique; pH; Rhizosphère; Potentiel oxydoréduction; Elément assimilable; Relation sol plante</FD>
<FG>Propriété mécanique; Science du sol; Propriété physique; Propriété physicochimique; Elément minéral</FG>
<ED>Biophysics; Biogeochemistry; Ecology; Strength; Soil mechanics; Property of soil; Soil structure; Water potential; pH; Rhizosphere; Redox potential; Available nutrient; Soil plant relation</ED>
<EG>Mechanical properties; Soil science; Physical properties; Physicochemical properties; Inorganic element</EG>
<SD>Biofísica; Biogeoquímica; Ecología; Resistencia mecánica; Mecánica suelo; Característica suelo; Estructura suelo; Potencial hídrico; pH; Rizosfera; Potencial redox; Elemento asimilable; Relación suelo planta</SD>
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