Physicochemical pretreatment of seawater : foulingreduction and membrane characterization
Identifieur interne : 002934 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002933; suivant : 002935Physicochemical pretreatment of seawater : foulingreduction and membrane characterization
Auteurs : H. K. Shon [Australie] ; S. H. Kim [Australie] ; S. Vigneswaran [Australie] ; R. Ben Aim [France] ; Sungyun Lee [Corée du Sud] ; J. Cho [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Desalination : (Amsterdam) [ 0011-9164 ] ; 2009.
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Abstract
The pretreatment of raw seawater is necessary to minimize the organic fouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes. To predict the membrane fouling of the pretreated seawater, the modified fouling index (MFI) with ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in terms of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and membrane characterization. The study was conducted with seawater drawn from Collioure, France. The concentration of total dissolved solids was 32,760 mg/L. The molecular weight (MW) of the initial seawater organic matter (SWOM) ranged from about 14160 Da to 280 Da. FeCl3 flocculation removed the majority of SWOM, while PAC adsorption could not remove the lowest MW fraction of organic matter (1110, 750 and 280 Da). The UF membranes with 30 kDa and 100 kDa MW cut-off removed the majority of of organic matter corresponding to the peaks 14,160 Da and 6560 Da in MWD. The MFI values obtained when using UF membranes of 30 kDa and 100 kDa with MF pretreatment were 19,700 s/L2 and 31,000 s/L2, respectively. The MFI values after pretreatments of FeCl3 flocculation and PAC adsorption significantly decreased to 6900 s/L2 and 6700 for 30 kDa UF and to 2300 s/L2 and 2500 s/L2 for 100 kDa UF, respectively. Some relation does exist for both membranes between the MFI-UF values and Spb values obtained during the first peiod of filtration (pore blocking). The pore blocking zone significantly decreased after flocculation and adsorption pretreatment. This suggests that the pore blocking can be used as an indicator to predict membrane propensity. The detailed membrane characterization on the clean and fouled membrane surface after MFI-UF experiments was made in terms of contact angle, zeta potential, functional group and microscopy.
Affiliations:
- Australie, Corée du Sud, France
- Midi-Pyrénées, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Occitanie (région administrative)
- Sydney, Toulouse
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Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigneswaran, S" sort="Vigneswaran, S" uniqKey="Vigneswaran S" first="S." last="Vigneswaran">S. Vigneswaran</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Aim, R" sort="Ben Aim, R" uniqKey="Ben Aim R" first="R." last="Ben Aim">R. Ben Aim</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil</s1><s2>31077 Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>UMR5504: UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA</s1><s2>31400 Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sungyun" sort="Lee, Sungyun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sungyun" last="Lee">Sungyun Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>NOM, NRL Environmental Science and Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology</s1><s2>Gwangju</s2><s3>KOR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Corée du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Gwangju</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, J" sort="Cho, J" uniqKey="Cho J" first="J." last="Cho">J. Cho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>NOM, NRL Environmental Science and Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology</s1><s2>Gwangju</s2><s3>KOR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Corée du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Gwangju</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">09-0129258</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 09-0129258 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:09-0129258</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">002F53</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">003065</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">002934</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002934</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Physicochemical pretreatment of seawater : foulingreduction and membrane characterization</title><author><name sortKey="Shon, H K" sort="Shon, H K" uniqKey="Shon H" first="H. K." last="Shon">H. K. Shon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, S H" sort="Kim, S H" uniqKey="Kim S" first="S. H." last="Kim">S. H. Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigneswaran, S" sort="Vigneswaran, S" uniqKey="Vigneswaran S" first="S." last="Vigneswaran">S. Vigneswaran</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Aim, R" sort="Ben Aim, R" uniqKey="Ben Aim R" first="R." last="Ben Aim">R. Ben Aim</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil</s1><s2>31077 Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>UMR5504: UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA</s1><s2>31400 Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sungyun" sort="Lee, Sungyun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sungyun" last="Lee">Sungyun Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>NOM, NRL Environmental Science and Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology</s1><s2>Gwangju</s2><s3>KOR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Corée du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Gwangju</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, J" sort="Cho, J" uniqKey="Cho J" first="J." last="Cho">J. Cho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>NOM, NRL Environmental Science and Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology</s1><s2>Gwangju</s2><s3>KOR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Corée du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Gwangju</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Desalination : (Amsterdam)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Desalination : (Amst.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0011-9164</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Desalination : (Amsterdam)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Desalination : (Amst.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0011-9164</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adsorption</term><term>Contact angle</term><term>Desalination</term><term>Electrokinetic potential</term><term>Filtration</term><term>Flocculation</term><term>Fouling</term><term>Indicator</term><term>Membrane separation</term><term>Molecular weight distribution</term><term>Organic matter</term><term>Pretreatment</term><term>Reverse osmosis</term><term>Seawater</term><term>Ultrafiltration</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Prétraitement</term><term>Eau mer</term><term>Encrassement</term><term>Osmose inverse</term><term>Séparation par membrane</term><term>Ultrafiltration</term><term>Distribution masse moléculaire</term><term>Matière organique</term><term>Floculation</term><term>Adsorption</term><term>Filtration</term><term>Indicateur</term><term>Angle contact</term><term>Potentiel électrocinétique</term><term>Dessalement</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The pretreatment of raw seawater is necessary to minimize the organic fouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes. To predict the membrane fouling of the pretreated seawater, the modified fouling index (MFI) with ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in terms of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and membrane characterization. The study was conducted with seawater drawn from Collioure, France. The concentration of total dissolved solids was 32,760 mg/L. The molecular weight (MW) of the initial seawater organic matter (SWOM) ranged from about 14160 Da to 280 Da. FeCl<sub>3</sub> flocculation removed the majority of SWOM, while PAC adsorption could not remove the lowest MW fraction of organic matter (1110, 750 and 280 Da). The UF membranes with 30 kDa and 100 kDa MW cut-off removed the majority of of organic matter corresponding to the peaks 14,160 Da and 6560 Da in MWD. The MFI values obtained when using UF membranes of 30 kDa and 100 kDa with MF pretreatment were 19,700 s/L<sup>2</sup> and 31,000 s/L<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The MFI values after pretreatments of FeCl<sub>3</sub> flocculation and PAC adsorption significantly decreased to 6900 s/L<sup>2</sup> and 6700 for 30 kDa UF and to 2300 s/L<sup>2</sup> and 2500 s/L<sup>2</sup> for 100 kDa UF, respectively. Some relation does exist for both membranes between the MFI-UF values and S<sub>pb</sub> values obtained during the first peiod of filtration (pore blocking). The pore blocking zone significantly decreased after flocculation and adsorption pretreatment. This suggests that the pore blocking can be used as an indicator to predict membrane propensity. The detailed membrane characterization on the clean and fouled membrane surface after MFI-UF experiments was made in terms of contact angle, zeta potential, functional group and microscopy.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0011-9164</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>DSLNAH</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Desalination : (Amst.)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>238</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>1-3</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Physicochemical pretreatment of seawater : foulingreduction and membrane characterization</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SHON (H. K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>KIM (S. H.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>VIGNESWARAN (S.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>BEN AIM (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>LEE (Sungyun)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>CHO (J.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil</s1><s2>31077 Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>UMR5504: UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA</s1><s2>31400 Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>NOM, NRL Environmental Science and Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology</s1><s2>Gwangju</s2><s3>KOR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>10-21</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2009</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>12906</s2><s5>354000185498410020</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>10 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>09-0129258</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1><s2>C</s2></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Desalination : (Amsterdam)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>NLD</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>The pretreatment of raw seawater is necessary to minimize the organic fouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes. To predict the membrane fouling of the pretreated seawater, the modified fouling index (MFI) with ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in terms of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and membrane characterization. The study was conducted with seawater drawn from Collioure, France. The concentration of total dissolved solids was 32,760 mg/L. The molecular weight (MW) of the initial seawater organic matter (SWOM) ranged from about 14160 Da to 280 Da. FeCl<sub>3</sub> flocculation removed the majority of SWOM, while PAC adsorption could not remove the lowest MW fraction of organic matter (1110, 750 and 280 Da). The UF membranes with 30 kDa and 100 kDa MW cut-off removed the majority of of organic matter corresponding to the peaks 14,160 Da and 6560 Da in MWD. The MFI values obtained when using UF membranes of 30 kDa and 100 kDa with MF pretreatment were 19,700 s/L<sup>2</sup> and 31,000 s/L<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The MFI values after pretreatments of FeCl<sub>3</sub> flocculation and PAC adsorption significantly decreased to 6900 s/L<sup>2</sup> and 6700 for 30 kDa UF and to 2300 s/L<sup>2</sup> and 2500 s/L<sup>2</sup> for 100 kDa UF, respectively. Some relation does exist for both membranes between the MFI-UF values and S<sub>pb</sub> values obtained during the first peiod of filtration (pore blocking). The pore blocking zone significantly decreased after flocculation and adsorption pretreatment. This suggests that the pore blocking can be used as an indicator to predict membrane propensity. The detailed membrane characterization on the clean and fouled membrane surface after MFI-UF experiments was made in terms of contact angle, zeta potential, functional group and microscopy.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001D16A04D</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>001D07N</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="03" i2="X"><s0>001D07K</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="04" i2="X"><s0>001D07P03</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Prétraitement</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Pretreatment</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Pretratamiento</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Eau mer</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Seawater</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Agua mar</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Encrassement</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Fouling</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Enmugrecimiento</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Osmose inverse</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Reverse osmosis</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Osmosis inversa</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Séparation par membrane</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Membrane separation</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Separación por membrana</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ultrafiltration</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ultrafiltration</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ultrafiltración</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Distribution masse moléculaire</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Molecular weight distribution</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución masa molecular</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Matière organique</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Organic matter</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Materia orgánica</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Floculation</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Flocculation</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Floculación</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Adsorption</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Adsorption</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Adsorción</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Filtration</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Filtration</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Filtración</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Indicateur</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Indicator</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Indicador</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Angle contact</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Contact angle</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Angulo contacto</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Potentiel électrocinétique</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Electrokinetic potential</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Potencial electrocinético</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dessalement</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Desalination</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Desaladura</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fN21><s1>089</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA><pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>International Workshop</s1><s2>1</s2><s3>Gwangju KOR</s3><s4>2007-11-15</s4></fA30></pR></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>France</li></country><region><li>Midi-Pyrénées</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li></region><settlement><li>Sydney</li><li>Toulouse</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Shon, H K" sort="Shon, H K" uniqKey="Shon H" first="H. K." last="Shon">H. K. Shon</name></region><name sortKey="Kim, S H" sort="Kim, S H" uniqKey="Kim S" first="S. H." last="Kim">S. H. Kim</name><name sortKey="Vigneswaran, S" sort="Vigneswaran, S" uniqKey="Vigneswaran S" first="S." last="Vigneswaran">S. Vigneswaran</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Ben Aim, R" sort="Ben Aim, R" uniqKey="Ben Aim R" first="R." last="Ben Aim">R. Ben Aim</name></region><name sortKey="Ben Aim, R" sort="Ben Aim, R" uniqKey="Ben Aim R" first="R." last="Ben Aim">R. Ben Aim</name></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lee, Sungyun" sort="Lee, Sungyun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sungyun" last="Lee">Sungyun Lee</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cho, J" sort="Cho, J" uniqKey="Cho J" first="J." last="Cho">J. Cho</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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