Testing formation mechanisms of the Milky Way's thick disc with RAVE
Identifieur interne : 001618 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001617; suivant : 001619Testing formation mechanisms of the Milky Way's thick disc with RAVE
Auteurs : Michelle L. Wilson [États-Unis] ; Amina Helmi [Pays-Bas] ; Heather L. Morrison [États-Unis] ; Maarten A. Breddels [Pays-Bas] ; O. Bienayme [France] ; J. Binney [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Bland-Hawthorn [Australie] ; R. Campbell [Allemagne, Australie] ; K. C. Freeman [Australie] ; J. P. Fulbright [États-Unis] ; B. K. Gibson [Royaume-Uni] ; G. Gilmore [Royaume-Uni] ; E. K. Grebel [Allemagne] ; U. Munari [Italie] ; J. F. Navarro [Canada] ; Q. A. Parker [Australie] ; W. Reid [Australie] ; G. Seabroke [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Siebert [France] ; A. Siviero [Allemagne, Italie] ; M. Steinmetz [Allemagne] ; M. E. K. Williams [Allemagne] ; R. F. G. Wyse [États-Unis] ; T. Zwitter [Slovénie]Source :
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society [ 0035-8711 ] ; 2011.
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Abstract
We study the eccentricity distribution of a thick-disc sample of stars (defined as those with Vy>50 km s-1 and 1 < |z|/kpc < 3) observed in the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE). We compare this distribution with those obtained in four simulations of galaxy formation taken from the literature as compiled by Sales et al. Each simulation emphasizes different scenarios for the origin of such stars (satellite accretion, heating of a pre-existing thin disc during a merger, radial migration, and gas-rich mergers). We find that the observed distribution peaks at low eccentricities and falls off smoothly and rather steeply to high eccentricities. This finding is fairly robust to changes in distances and to plausible assumptions about thin-disc contamination. Our results favour models where the majority of stars formed in the Galaxy itself on orbits of modest eccentricity and disfavour the pure satellite accretion case. A gas-rich merger origin where most of the stars form 'in situ' appears to be the most consistent with our data.
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Canada, France, Italie, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Slovénie, États-Unis
- Alsace (région administrative), Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Bade-Wurtemberg, District de Karlsruhe, Grand Est, Grand Londres, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud
- Cambridge, Heidelberg, Londres, Strasbourg, Sydney
- University College de Londres, Université de Cambridge, Université de Strasbourg
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Wilson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Astronomy, Case Western University</s1><s2>Cleveland, OH 44106</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Cleveland, OH 44106</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helmi, Amina" sort="Helmi, Amina" uniqKey="Helmi A" first="Amina" last="Helmi">Amina Helmi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800 Groningen</s1><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800 Groningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Heather L" sort="Morrison, Heather L" uniqKey="Morrison H" first="Heather L." last="Morrison">Heather L. 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Campbell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Macquary University</s1><s2>Sydney, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Macquary University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, K C" sort="Freeman, K C" uniqKey="Freeman K" first="K. C." last="Freeman">K. C. Freeman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>RSAA Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek</s1><s2>Canberra, ACT 72611</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Canberra, ACT 72611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fulbright, J P" sort="Fulbright, J P" uniqKey="Fulbright J" first="J. P." last="Fulbright">J. P. Fulbright</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD 21218</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21218</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, B K" sort="Gibson, B K" uniqKey="Gibson B" first="B. K." last="Gibson">B. K. Gibson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, University of Central Lancashire</s1><s2>Preston PRI 2HE</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Preston PRI 2HE</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilmore, G" sort="Gilmore, G" uniqKey="Gilmore G" first="G." last="Gilmore">G. Gilmore</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 OHA</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grebel, E K" sort="Grebel, E K" uniqKey="Grebel E" first="E. K." last="Grebel">E. K. Grebel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg</s1><s2>69120 Heidelberg</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region><settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munari, U" sort="Munari, U" uniqKey="Munari U" first="U." last="Munari">U. Munari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</s1><s2>36012 Asiago</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, J F" sort="Navarro, J F" uniqKey="Navarro J" first="J. F." last="Navarro">J. F. Navarro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Station CSC</s1><s2>Victoria, BC V8W 3P6</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Victoria, BC V8W 3P6</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Q A" sort="Parker, Q A" uniqKey="Parker Q" first="Q. A." last="Parker">Q. A. Parker</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Anglo-Australian Observatory</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Macquary University</s1><s2>Sydney, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Macquary University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, W" sort="Reid, W" uniqKey="Reid W" first="W." last="Reid">W. Reid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Macquary University</s1><s2>Sydney, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Macquary University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seabroke, G" sort="Seabroke, G" uniqKey="Seabroke G" first="G." last="Seabroke">G. Seabroke</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary</s1><s2>Dorking RH5 6NT</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Dorking RH5 6NT</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, A" sort="Siebert, A" uniqKey="Siebert A" first="A." last="Siebert">A. Siebert</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Université de Strasbourg, Observatoire Astronomique</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>67000 Strasbourg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Alsace (région administrative)</region><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Strasbourg</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siviero, A" sort="Siviero, A" uniqKey="Siviero A" first="A." last="Siviero">A. Siviero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</s1><s2>36012 Asiago</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, M" sort="Steinmetz, M" uniqKey="Steinmetz M" first="M." last="Steinmetz">M. Steinmetz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, M E K" sort="Williams, M E K" uniqKey="Williams M" first="M. E. K." last="Williams">M. E. K. Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wyse, R F G" sort="Wyse, R F G" uniqKey="Wyse R" first="R. F. G." last="Wyse">R. F. G. Wyse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD 21218</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21218</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zwitter, T" sort="Zwitter, T" uniqKey="Zwitter T" first="T." last="Zwitter">T. Zwitter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana</s1><s3>SVN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Slovénie</country><wicri:noRegion>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Center, of excellence SPACE-SI</s1><s2>Ljubljana</s2><s3>SVN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Slovénie</country><wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">11-0260755</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 11-0260755 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:11-0260755</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">001D08</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">004235</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">001618</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001618</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Testing formation mechanisms of the Milky Way's thick disc with RAVE</title><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Michelle L" sort="Wilson, Michelle L" uniqKey="Wilson M" first="Michelle L." last="Wilson">Michelle L. Wilson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Astronomy, Case Western University</s1><s2>Cleveland, OH 44106</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Cleveland, OH 44106</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helmi, Amina" sort="Helmi, Amina" uniqKey="Helmi A" first="Amina" last="Helmi">Amina Helmi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800 Groningen</s1><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800 Groningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Heather L" sort="Morrison, Heather L" uniqKey="Morrison H" first="Heather L." last="Morrison">Heather L. Morrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Astronomy, Case Western University</s1><s2>Cleveland, OH 44106</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Cleveland, OH 44106</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breddels, Maarten A" sort="Breddels, Maarten A" uniqKey="Breddels M" first="Maarten A." last="Breddels">Maarten A. Breddels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800 Groningen</s1><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800 Groningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bienayme, O" sort="Bienayme, O" uniqKey="Bienayme O" first="O." last="Bienayme">O. Bienayme</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Université de Strasbourg, Observatoire Astronomique</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>67000 Strasbourg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Alsace (région administrative)</region><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Strasbourg</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binney, J" sort="Binney, J" uniqKey="Binney J" first="J." last="Binney">J. Binney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics</s1><s2>Oxford OX1 3NP</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bland Hawthorn, J" sort="Bland Hawthorn, J" uniqKey="Bland Hawthorn J" first="J." last="Bland-Hawthorn">J. Bland-Hawthorn</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Anglo-Australian Observatory</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, R" sort="Campbell, R" uniqKey="Campbell R" first="R." last="Campbell">R. Campbell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Macquary University</s1><s2>Sydney, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Macquary University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, K C" sort="Freeman, K C" uniqKey="Freeman K" first="K. C." last="Freeman">K. C. Freeman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>RSAA Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek</s1><s2>Canberra, ACT 72611</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Canberra, ACT 72611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fulbright, J P" sort="Fulbright, J P" uniqKey="Fulbright J" first="J. P." last="Fulbright">J. P. Fulbright</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD 21218</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21218</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, B K" sort="Gibson, B K" uniqKey="Gibson B" first="B. K." last="Gibson">B. K. Gibson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, University of Central Lancashire</s1><s2>Preston PRI 2HE</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Preston PRI 2HE</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilmore, G" sort="Gilmore, G" uniqKey="Gilmore G" first="G." last="Gilmore">G. Gilmore</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 OHA</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grebel, E K" sort="Grebel, E K" uniqKey="Grebel E" first="E. K." last="Grebel">E. K. Grebel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg</s1><s2>69120 Heidelberg</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region><settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munari, U" sort="Munari, U" uniqKey="Munari U" first="U." last="Munari">U. Munari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</s1><s2>36012 Asiago</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, J F" sort="Navarro, J F" uniqKey="Navarro J" first="J. F." last="Navarro">J. F. Navarro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Station CSC</s1><s2>Victoria, BC V8W 3P6</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Victoria, BC V8W 3P6</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Q A" sort="Parker, Q A" uniqKey="Parker Q" first="Q. A." last="Parker">Q. A. Parker</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Anglo-Australian Observatory</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Macquary University</s1><s2>Sydney, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Macquary University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, W" sort="Reid, W" uniqKey="Reid W" first="W." last="Reid">W. Reid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Macquary University</s1><s2>Sydney, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Macquary University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seabroke, G" sort="Seabroke, G" uniqKey="Seabroke G" first="G." last="Seabroke">G. Seabroke</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary</s1><s2>Dorking RH5 6NT</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Dorking RH5 6NT</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, A" sort="Siebert, A" uniqKey="Siebert A" first="A." last="Siebert">A. Siebert</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Université de Strasbourg, Observatoire Astronomique</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>67000 Strasbourg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Alsace (région administrative)</region><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Strasbourg</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siviero, A" sort="Siviero, A" uniqKey="Siviero A" first="A." last="Siviero">A. Siviero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</s1><s2>36012 Asiago</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, M" sort="Steinmetz, M" uniqKey="Steinmetz M" first="M." last="Steinmetz">M. Steinmetz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, M E K" sort="Williams, M E K" uniqKey="Williams M" first="M. E. K." last="Williams">M. E. K. Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>An der Sternwarte 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wyse, R F G" sort="Wyse, R F G" uniqKey="Wyse R" first="R. F. G." last="Wyse">R. F. G. Wyse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD 21218</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21218</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zwitter, T" sort="Zwitter, T" uniqKey="Zwitter T" first="T." last="Zwitter">T. Zwitter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana</s1><s3>SVN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Slovénie</country><wicri:noRegion>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Center, of excellence SPACE-SI</s1><s2>Ljubljana</s2><s3>SVN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Slovénie</country><wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Disk galaxies</term><term>Eccentricity</term><term>Formation mechanism</term><term>Galaxy formation</term><term>Galaxy structure</term><term>Milky Way</term><term>Models</term><term>Orbits</term><term>Radial velocity</term><term>Solar neighborhood</term><term>Star accretion</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mécanisme formation</term><term>Voie lactée</term><term>Excentricité</term><term>Vitesse radiale</term><term>Formation galaxies</term><term>Accrétion stellaire</term><term>Modèle</term><term>Galaxies disques</term><term>Orbite</term><term>Voisinage solaire</term><term>Structure galaxies</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We study the eccentricity distribution of a thick-disc sample of stars (defined as those with V<sub>y</sub>>50 km s<sup>-1</sup> and 1 < |z|/kpc < 3) observed in the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE). We compare this distribution with those obtained in four simulations of galaxy formation taken from the literature as compiled by Sales et al. Each simulation emphasizes different scenarios for the origin of such stars (satellite accretion, heating of a pre-existing thin disc during a merger, radial migration, and gas-rich mergers). We find that the observed distribution peaks at low eccentricities and falls off smoothly and rather steeply to high eccentricities. This finding is fairly robust to changes in distances and to plausible assumptions about thin-disc contamination. Our results favour models where the majority of stars formed in the Galaxy itself on orbits of modest eccentricity and disfavour the pure satellite accretion case. A gas-rich merger origin where most of the stars form 'in situ' appears to be the most consistent with our data.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0035-8711</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>MNRAA4</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>413</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>3</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Testing formation mechanisms of the Milky Way's thick disc with RAVE</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>WILSON (Michelle L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>HELMI (Amina)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>MORRISON (Heather L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>BREDDELS (Maarten A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>BIENAYME (O.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>BINNEY (J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>BLAND-HAWTHORN (J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>CAMPBELL (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>FREEMAN (K. C.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>FULBRIGHT (J. P.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>GIBSON (B. K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>GILMORE (G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>GREBEL (E. K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>MUNARI (U.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="15" i2="1"><s1>NAVARRO (J. F.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="16" i2="1"><s1>PARKER (Q. A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="17" i2="1"><s1>REID (W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="18" i2="1"><s1>SEABROKE (G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="19" i2="1"><s1>SIEBERT (A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="20" i2="1"><s1>SIVIERO (A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="21" i2="1"><s1>STEINMETZ (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="22" i2="1"><s1>WILLIAMS (M. E. K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="23" i2="1"><s1>WYSE (R. F. G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="24" i2="1"><s1>ZWITTER (T.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Astronomy, Case Western University</s1><s2>Cleveland, OH 44106</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800 Groningen</s1><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Université de Strasbourg, Observatoire Astronomique</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics</s1><s2>Oxford OX1 3NP</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Anglo-Australian Observatory</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Astrophysikalishes Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16</s1><s2>14482 Potsdam</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Macquary University</s1><s2>Sydney, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>RSAA Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek</s1><s2>Canberra, ACT 72611</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="09"><s1>Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD 21218</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="10"><s1>Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, University of Central Lancashire</s1><s2>Preston PRI 2HE</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="11"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="12"><s1>Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg</s1><s2>69120 Heidelberg</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="13"><s1>INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova</s1><s2>36012 Asiago</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="14"><s1>University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Station CSC</s1><s2>Victoria, BC V8W 3P6</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="15"><s1>Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary</s1><s2>Dorking RH5 6NT</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="16"><s1>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana</s1><s3>SVN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="17"><s1>Center, of excellence SPACE-SI</s1><s2>Ljubljana</s2><s3>SVN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>2235-2241</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2011</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>2067</s2><s5>354000192127200610</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2011 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>1/4 p.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>11-0260755</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>We study the eccentricity distribution of a thick-disc sample of stars (defined as those with V<sub>y</sub>>50 km s<sup>-1</sup> and 1 < |z|/kpc < 3) observed in the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE). We compare this distribution with those obtained in four simulations of galaxy formation taken from the literature as compiled by Sales et al. Each simulation emphasizes different scenarios for the origin of such stars (satellite accretion, heating of a pre-existing thin disc during a merger, radial migration, and gas-rich mergers). We find that the observed distribution peaks at low eccentricities and falls off smoothly and rather steeply to high eccentricities. This finding is fairly robust to changes in distances and to plausible assumptions about thin-disc contamination. Our results favour models where the majority of stars formed in the Galaxy itself on orbits of modest eccentricity and disfavour the pure satellite accretion case. A gas-rich merger origin where most of the stars form 'in situ' appears to be the most consistent with our data.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="3"><s0>001E03</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mécanisme formation</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Formation mechanism</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mecanismo formacion</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Voie lactée</s0><s5>27</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Milky Way</s0><s5>27</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Excentricité</s0><s5>28</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Eccentricity</s0><s5>28</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Vitesse radiale</s0><s5>29</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Radial velocity</s0><s5>29</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Formation galaxies</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Galaxy formation</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Accrétion stellaire</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Star accretion</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Modèle</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Models</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Modelo</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Galaxies disques</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Disk galaxies</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Orbite</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Orbits</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Voisinage solaire</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Solar neighborhood</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Vecindad solar</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Structure galaxies</s0><s5>36</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Galaxy structure</s0><s5>36</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estructura galaxias</s0><s5>36</s5></fC03><fN21><s1>178</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Canada</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Slovénie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Alsace (région administrative)</li><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>District de Karlsruhe</li><li>Grand Est</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge</li><li>Heidelberg</li><li>Londres</li><li>Strasbourg</li><li>Sydney</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li><li>Université de Strasbourg</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wilson, Michelle L" sort="Wilson, Michelle L" uniqKey="Wilson M" first="Michelle L." last="Wilson">Michelle L. Wilson</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fulbright, J P" sort="Fulbright, J P" uniqKey="Fulbright J" first="J. P." last="Fulbright">J. P. Fulbright</name><name sortKey="Morrison, Heather L" sort="Morrison, Heather L" uniqKey="Morrison H" first="Heather L." last="Morrison">Heather L. Morrison</name><name sortKey="Wyse, R F G" sort="Wyse, R F G" uniqKey="Wyse R" first="R. F. G." last="Wyse">R. F. G. Wyse</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Helmi, Amina" sort="Helmi, Amina" uniqKey="Helmi A" first="Amina" last="Helmi">Amina Helmi</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Breddels, Maarten A" sort="Breddels, Maarten A" uniqKey="Breddels M" first="Maarten A." last="Breddels">Maarten A. Breddels</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Grand Est"><name sortKey="Bienayme, O" sort="Bienayme, O" uniqKey="Bienayme O" first="O." last="Bienayme">O. Bienayme</name></region><name sortKey="Siebert, A" sort="Siebert, A" uniqKey="Siebert A" first="A." last="Siebert">A. Siebert</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Binney, J" sort="Binney, J" uniqKey="Binney J" first="J." last="Binney">J. Binney</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gibson, B K" sort="Gibson, B K" uniqKey="Gibson B" first="B. K." last="Gibson">B. K. Gibson</name><name sortKey="Gilmore, G" sort="Gilmore, G" uniqKey="Gilmore G" first="G." last="Gilmore">G. Gilmore</name><name sortKey="Seabroke, G" sort="Seabroke, G" uniqKey="Seabroke G" first="G." last="Seabroke">G. Seabroke</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Bland Hawthorn, J" sort="Bland Hawthorn, J" uniqKey="Bland Hawthorn J" first="J." last="Bland-Hawthorn">J. Bland-Hawthorn</name></region><name sortKey="Campbell, R" sort="Campbell, R" uniqKey="Campbell R" first="R." last="Campbell">R. Campbell</name><name sortKey="Freeman, K C" sort="Freeman, K C" uniqKey="Freeman K" first="K. C." last="Freeman">K. C. Freeman</name><name sortKey="Parker, Q A" sort="Parker, Q A" uniqKey="Parker Q" first="Q. A." last="Parker">Q. A. Parker</name><name sortKey="Parker, Q A" sort="Parker, Q A" uniqKey="Parker Q" first="Q. A." last="Parker">Q. A. Parker</name><name sortKey="Reid, W" sort="Reid, W" uniqKey="Reid W" first="W." last="Reid">W. Reid</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Campbell, R" sort="Campbell, R" uniqKey="Campbell R" first="R." last="Campbell">R. Campbell</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Grebel, E K" sort="Grebel, E K" uniqKey="Grebel E" first="E. K." last="Grebel">E. K. Grebel</name><name sortKey="Siviero, A" sort="Siviero, A" uniqKey="Siviero A" first="A." last="Siviero">A. Siviero</name><name sortKey="Steinmetz, M" sort="Steinmetz, M" uniqKey="Steinmetz M" first="M." last="Steinmetz">M. Steinmetz</name><name sortKey="Williams, M E K" sort="Williams, M E K" uniqKey="Williams M" first="M. E. K." last="Williams">M. E. K. Williams</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Munari, U" sort="Munari, U" uniqKey="Munari U" first="U." last="Munari">U. Munari</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Siviero, A" sort="Siviero, A" uniqKey="Siviero A" first="A." last="Siviero">A. Siviero</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Navarro, J F" sort="Navarro, J F" uniqKey="Navarro J" first="J. F." last="Navarro">J. F. Navarro</name></noRegion></country><country name="Slovénie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zwitter, T" sort="Zwitter, T" uniqKey="Zwitter T" first="T." last="Zwitter">T. Zwitter</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Zwitter, T" sort="Zwitter, T" uniqKey="Zwitter T" first="T." last="Zwitter">T. Zwitter</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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