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Synergistic targeting of breast cancer stem-like cells by human γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells

Identifieur interne : 004546 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 004545; suivant : 004547

Synergistic targeting of breast cancer stem-like cells by human γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells

Auteurs : Hung-Chang Chen [Royaume-Uni] ; Noémie Joalland [France] ; John S. Bridgeman [Royaume-Uni] ; Fouad S. Alchami [Royaume-Uni] ; Ulrich Jarry [France] ; Mohd Wajid A. Khan [Royaume-Uni] ; Luke Piggott [Royaume-Uni] ; Yasmin Shanneik [Royaume-Uni] ; Jianqiang Li [Allemagne] ; Marco J. Herold [Allemagne, Australie] ; Thomas Herrmann [Allemagne] ; David A. Price [Royaume-Uni] ; Awen M. Gallimore [Royaume-Uni] ; Richard W. Clarkson [Royaume-Uni] ; Emmanuel Scotet [France] ; Bernhard Moser [Royaume-Uni] ; Matthias Eberl [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

RBID : PMC:5550559

Abstract

The inherent resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to existing therapies has largely hampered the development of effective treatments for advanced malignancy. To help develop novel immunotherapy approaches that efficiently target CSCs, an experimental model allowing reliable distinction of CSCs and non-CSCs was set up to study their interaction with non-MHC-restricted γδ T cells and antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Stable lines with characteristics of breast CSC-like cells were generated from ras-transformed human mammary epithelial (HMLER) cells as confirmed by their CD44hi CD24lo GD2+ phenotype, their mesenchymal morphology in culture and their capacity to form mammospheres under non-adherent conditions, as well as their potent tumorigenicity, self-renewal and differentiation in xenografted mice. The resistance of CSC-like cells to γδ T cells could be overcome by inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) through pretreatment with zoledronate or with FPPS-targeting short hairpin RNA. γδ T cells induced upregulation of MHC class I and CD54/ICAM-1 on CSC-like cells and thereby increased the susceptibility to antigen-specific killing by CD8+ T cells. Alternatively, γδ T-cell responses could be specifically directed against CSC-like cells using the humanised anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A. Our findings identify a powerful synergism between MHC-restricted and non-MHC-restricted T cells in the eradication of cancer cells including breast CSCs. Our research suggests that novel immunotherapies may benefit from a two-pronged approach combining γδ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell targeting strategies that triggers effective innate-like and tumour-specific adaptive responses.


Url:
DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.21
PubMed: 28356569
PubMed Central: 5550559

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PMC:5550559

Le document en format XML

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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Synergistic targeting of breast cancer stem-like cells by human γδ T cells and CD8
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<name sortKey="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" sort="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" uniqKey="Khan M" first="Mohd Wajid A" last="Khan">Mohd Wajid A. Khan</name>
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</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Shanneik, Yasmin" sort="Shanneik, Yasmin" uniqKey="Shanneik Y" first="Yasmin" last="Shanneik">Yasmin Shanneik</name>
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<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Li, Jianqiang" sort="Li, Jianqiang" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianqiang" last="Li">Jianqiang Li</name>
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, Würzburg,
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Herold, Marco J" sort="Herold, Marco J" uniqKey="Herold M" first="Marco J" last="Herold">Marco J. Herold</name>
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, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<institution>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research</institution>
, Parkville, Victoria,
<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Herrmann, Thomas" sort="Herrmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Herrmann T" first="Thomas" last="Herrmann">Thomas Herrmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg</institution>
, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Price, David A" sort="Price, David A" uniqKey="Price D" first="David A" last="Price">David A. Price</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gallimore, Awen M" sort="Gallimore, Awen M" uniqKey="Gallimore A" first="Awen M" last="Gallimore">Awen M. Gallimore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clarkson, Richard W" sort="Clarkson, Richard W" uniqKey="Clarkson R" first="Richard W" last="Clarkson">Richard W. Clarkson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<institution>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff9">
<institution>European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scotet, Emmanuel" sort="Scotet, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Scotet E" first="Emmanuel" last="Scotet">Emmanuel Scotet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moser, Bernhard" sort="Moser, Bernhard" uniqKey="Moser B" first="Bernhard" last="Moser">Bernhard Moser</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberl, Matthias" sort="Eberl, Matthias" uniqKey="Eberl M" first="Matthias" last="Eberl">Matthias Eberl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Immunology and Cell Biology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0818-9641</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1440-1711</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
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<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>The inherent resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to existing therapies has largely hampered the development of effective treatments for advanced malignancy. To help develop novel immunotherapy approaches that efficiently target CSCs, an experimental model allowing reliable distinction of CSCs and non-CSCs was set up to study their interaction with non-MHC-restricted γδ T cells and antigen-specific CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T cells. Stable lines with characteristics of breast CSC-like cells were generated from
<italic>ras</italic>
-transformed human mammary epithelial (HMLER) cells as confirmed by their CD44
<sup>hi</sup>
CD24
<sup>lo</sup>
GD2
<sup>+</sup>
phenotype, their mesenchymal morphology in culture and their capacity to form mammospheres under non-adherent conditions, as well as their potent tumorigenicity, self-renewal and differentiation in xenografted mice. The resistance of CSC-like cells to γδ T cells could be overcome by inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) through pretreatment with zoledronate or with FPPS-targeting short hairpin RNA. γδ T cells induced upregulation of MHC class I and CD54/ICAM-1 on CSC-like cells and thereby increased the susceptibility to antigen-specific killing by CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T cells. Alternatively, γδ T-cell responses could be specifically directed against CSC-like cells using the humanised anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A. Our findings identify a powerful synergism between MHC-restricted and non-MHC-restricted T cells in the eradication of cancer cells including breast CSCs. Our research suggests that novel immunotherapies may benefit from a two-pronged approach combining γδ T-cell and CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T-cell targeting strategies that triggers effective innate-like and tumour-specific adaptive responses.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Synergistic targeting of breast cancer stem-like cells by human γδ T cells and CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T cells</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Hung Chang" sort="Chen, Hung Chang" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hung-Chang" last="Chen">Hung-Chang Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Joalland, Noemie" sort="Joalland, Noemie" uniqKey="Joalland N" first="Noémie" last="Joalland">Noémie Joalland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bridgeman, John S" sort="Bridgeman, John S" uniqKey="Bridgeman J" first="John S" last="Bridgeman">John S. Bridgeman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alchami, Fouad S" sort="Alchami, Fouad S" uniqKey="Alchami F" first="Fouad S" last="Alchami">Fouad S. Alchami</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff4">
<institution>Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Jarry, Ulrich" sort="Jarry, Ulrich" uniqKey="Jarry U" first="Ulrich" last="Jarry">Ulrich Jarry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" sort="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" uniqKey="Khan M" first="Mohd Wajid A" last="Khan">Mohd Wajid A. Khan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Piggott, Luke" sort="Piggott, Luke" uniqKey="Piggott L" first="Luke" last="Piggott">Luke Piggott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<institution>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shanneik, Yasmin" sort="Shanneik, Yasmin" uniqKey="Shanneik Y" first="Yasmin" last="Shanneik">Yasmin Shanneik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Jianqiang" sort="Li, Jianqiang" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianqiang" last="Li">Jianqiang Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg</institution>
, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Herold, Marco J" sort="Herold, Marco J" uniqKey="Herold M" first="Marco J" last="Herold">Marco J. Herold</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg</institution>
, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<institution>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research</institution>
, Parkville, Victoria,
<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Herrmann, Thomas" sort="Herrmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Herrmann T" first="Thomas" last="Herrmann">Thomas Herrmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg</institution>
, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Price, David A" sort="Price, David A" uniqKey="Price D" first="David A" last="Price">David A. Price</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gallimore, Awen M" sort="Gallimore, Awen M" uniqKey="Gallimore A" first="Awen M" last="Gallimore">Awen M. Gallimore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clarkson, Richard W" sort="Clarkson, Richard W" uniqKey="Clarkson R" first="Richard W" last="Clarkson">Richard W. Clarkson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<institution>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff9">
<institution>European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scotet, Emmanuel" sort="Scotet, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Scotet E" first="Emmanuel" last="Scotet">Emmanuel Scotet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moser, Bernhard" sort="Moser, Bernhard" uniqKey="Moser B" first="Bernhard" last="Moser">Bernhard Moser</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberl, Matthias" sort="Eberl, Matthias" uniqKey="Eberl M" first="Matthias" last="Eberl">Matthias Eberl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:5550559</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/icb.2017.21</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Synergistic targeting of breast cancer stem-like cells by human γδ T cells and CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T cells</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Hung Chang" sort="Chen, Hung Chang" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hung-Chang" last="Chen">Hung-Chang Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Joalland, Noemie" sort="Joalland, Noemie" uniqKey="Joalland N" first="Noémie" last="Joalland">Noémie Joalland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bridgeman, John S" sort="Bridgeman, John S" uniqKey="Bridgeman J" first="John S" last="Bridgeman">John S. Bridgeman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alchami, Fouad S" sort="Alchami, Fouad S" uniqKey="Alchami F" first="Fouad S" last="Alchami">Fouad S. Alchami</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff4">
<institution>Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jarry, Ulrich" sort="Jarry, Ulrich" uniqKey="Jarry U" first="Ulrich" last="Jarry">Ulrich Jarry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" sort="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" uniqKey="Khan M" first="Mohd Wajid A" last="Khan">Mohd Wajid A. Khan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Piggott, Luke" sort="Piggott, Luke" uniqKey="Piggott L" first="Luke" last="Piggott">Luke Piggott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<institution>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shanneik, Yasmin" sort="Shanneik, Yasmin" uniqKey="Shanneik Y" first="Yasmin" last="Shanneik">Yasmin Shanneik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Jianqiang" sort="Li, Jianqiang" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianqiang" last="Li">Jianqiang Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg</institution>
, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Herold, Marco J" sort="Herold, Marco J" uniqKey="Herold M" first="Marco J" last="Herold">Marco J. Herold</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg</institution>
, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<institution>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research</institution>
, Parkville, Victoria,
<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Herrmann, Thomas" sort="Herrmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Herrmann T" first="Thomas" last="Herrmann">Thomas Herrmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">
<institution>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg</institution>
, Würzburg,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Price, David A" sort="Price, David A" uniqKey="Price D" first="David A" last="Price">David A. Price</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gallimore, Awen M" sort="Gallimore, Awen M" uniqKey="Gallimore A" first="Awen M" last="Gallimore">Awen M. Gallimore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clarkson, Richard W" sort="Clarkson, Richard W" uniqKey="Clarkson R" first="Richard W" last="Clarkson">Richard W. Clarkson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<institution>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff9">
<institution>European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scotet, Emmanuel" sort="Scotet, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Scotet E" first="Emmanuel" last="Scotet">Emmanuel Scotet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<institution>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299</institution>
, Nantes,
<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moser, Bernhard" sort="Moser, Bernhard" uniqKey="Moser B" first="Bernhard" last="Moser">Bernhard Moser</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberl, Matthias" sort="Eberl, Matthias" uniqKey="Eberl M" first="Matthias" last="Eberl">Matthias Eberl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<institution>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<institution>Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University</institution>
, Cardiff,
<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Immunology and Cell Biology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0818-9641</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1440-1711</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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</profileDesc>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>The inherent resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to existing therapies has largely hampered the development of effective treatments for advanced malignancy. To help develop novel immunotherapy approaches that efficiently target CSCs, an experimental model allowing reliable distinction of CSCs and non-CSCs was set up to study their interaction with non-MHC-restricted γδ T cells and antigen-specific CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T cells. Stable lines with characteristics of breast CSC-like cells were generated from
<italic>ras</italic>
-transformed human mammary epithelial (HMLER) cells as confirmed by their CD44
<sup>hi</sup>
CD24
<sup>lo</sup>
GD2
<sup>+</sup>
phenotype, their mesenchymal morphology in culture and their capacity to form mammospheres under non-adherent conditions, as well as their potent tumorigenicity, self-renewal and differentiation in xenografted mice. The resistance of CSC-like cells to γδ T cells could be overcome by inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) through pretreatment with zoledronate or with FPPS-targeting short hairpin RNA. γδ T cells induced upregulation of MHC class I and CD54/ICAM-1 on CSC-like cells and thereby increased the susceptibility to antigen-specific killing by CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T cells. Alternatively, γδ T-cell responses could be specifically directed against CSC-like cells using the humanised anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A. Our findings identify a powerful synergism between MHC-restricted and non-MHC-restricted T cells in the eradication of cancer cells including breast CSCs. Our research suggests that novel immunotherapies may benefit from a two-pronged approach combining γδ T-cell and CD8
<sup>+</sup>
T-cell targeting strategies that triggers effective innate-like and tumour-specific adaptive responses.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<name sortKey="Chen, Hung Chang" sort="Chen, Hung Chang" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hung-Chang" last="Chen">Hung-Chang Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<name sortKey="Joalland, Noemie" sort="Joalland, Noemie" uniqKey="Joalland N" first="Noémie" last="Joalland">Noémie Joalland</name>
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<name sortKey="Alchami, Fouad S" sort="Alchami, Fouad S" uniqKey="Alchami F" first="Fouad S" last="Alchami">Fouad S. Alchami</name>
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<name sortKey="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" sort="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" uniqKey="Khan M" first="Mohd Wajid A" last="Khan">Mohd Wajid A. Khan</name>
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<name sortKey="Piggott, Luke" sort="Piggott, Luke" uniqKey="Piggott L" first="Luke" last="Piggott">Luke Piggott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
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<name sortKey="Shanneik, Yasmin" sort="Shanneik, Yasmin" uniqKey="Shanneik Y" first="Yasmin" last="Shanneik">Yasmin Shanneik</name>
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<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Jianqiang" sort="Li, Jianqiang" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianqiang" last="Li">Jianqiang Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Basse-Franconie</region>
<settlement type="city">Wurtzbourg</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Wurtzbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Wurtzbourg</orgName>
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<name sortKey="Herold, Marco J" sort="Herold, Marco J" uniqKey="Herold M" first="Marco J" last="Herold">Marco J. Herold</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Basse-Franconie</region>
<settlement type="city">Wurtzbourg</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Wurtzbourg</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Wurtzbourg</orgName>
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<name sortKey="Herrmann, Thomas" sort="Herrmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Herrmann T" first="Thomas" last="Herrmann">Thomas Herrmann</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg</wicri:regionArea>
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<title xml:lang="en">Synergistic targeting of breast cancer stem-like cells by human γδ T cells and CD8(+) T cells.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Hung Chang" sort="Chen, Hung Chang" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hung-Chang" last="Chen">Hung-Chang Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Joalland, Noemie" sort="Joalland, Noemie" uniqKey="Joalland N" first="Noémie" last="Joalland">Noémie Joalland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<name sortKey="Bridgeman, John S" sort="Bridgeman, John S" uniqKey="Bridgeman J" first="John S" last="Bridgeman">John S. Bridgeman</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alchami, Fouad S" sort="Alchami, Fouad S" uniqKey="Alchami F" first="Fouad S" last="Alchami">Fouad S. Alchami</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
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<name sortKey="Jarry, Ulrich" sort="Jarry, Ulrich" uniqKey="Jarry U" first="Ulrich" last="Jarry">Ulrich Jarry</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" sort="Khan, Mohd Wajid A" uniqKey="Khan M" first="Mohd Wajid A" last="Khan">Mohd Wajid A. Khan</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<name sortKey="Piggott, Luke" sort="Piggott, Luke" uniqKey="Piggott L" first="Luke" last="Piggott">Luke Piggott</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Herold, Marco J" sort="Herold, Marco J" uniqKey="Herold M" first="Marco J" last="Herold">Marco J. Herold</name>
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<name sortKey="Herrmann, Thomas" sort="Herrmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Herrmann T" first="Thomas" last="Herrmann">Thomas Herrmann</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Price, David A" sort="Price, David A" uniqKey="Price D" first="David A" last="Price">David A. Price</name>
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</author>
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<name sortKey="Gallimore, Awen M" sort="Gallimore, Awen M" uniqKey="Gallimore A" first="Awen M" last="Gallimore">Awen M. Gallimore</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Clarkson, Richard W" sort="Clarkson, Richard W" uniqKey="Clarkson R" first="Richard W" last="Clarkson">Richard W. Clarkson</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Scotet, Emmanuel" sort="Scotet, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Scotet E" first="Emmanuel" last="Scotet">Emmanuel Scotet</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<name sortKey="Moser, Bernhard" sort="Moser, Bernhard" uniqKey="Moser B" first="Bernhard" last="Moser">Bernhard Moser</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberl, Matthias" sort="Eberl, Matthias" uniqKey="Eberl M" first="Matthias" last="Eberl">Matthias Eberl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
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<series>
<title level="j">Immunology and cell biology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1440-1711</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The inherent resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to existing therapies has largely hampered the development of effective treatments for advanced malignancy. To help develop novel immunotherapy approaches that efficiently target CSCs, an experimental model allowing reliable distinction of CSCs and non-CSCs was set up to study their interaction with non-MHC-restricted γδ T cells and antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Stable lines with characteristics of breast CSC-like cells were generated from ras-transformed human mammary epithelial (HMLER) cells as confirmed by their CD44(hi) CD24(lo) GD2(+) phenotype, their mesenchymal morphology in culture and their capacity to form mammospheres under non-adherent conditions, as well as their potent tumorigenicity, self-renewal and differentiation in xenografted mice. The resistance of CSC-like cells to γδ T cells could be overcome by inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) through pretreatment with zoledronate or with FPPS-targeting short hairpin RNA. γδ T cells induced upregulation of MHC class I and CD54/ICAM-1 on CSC-like cells and thereby increased the susceptibility to antigen-specific killing by CD8(+) T cells. Alternatively, γδ T-cell responses could be specifically directed against CSC-like cells using the humanised anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A. Our findings identify a powerful synergism between MHC-restricted and non-MHC-restricted T cells in the eradication of cancer cells including breast CSCs. Our research suggests that novel immunotherapies may benefit from a two-pronged approach combining γδ T-cell and CD8(+) T-cell targeting strategies that triggers effective innate-like and tumour-specific adaptive responses.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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