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Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD

Identifieur interne : 003E30 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003E29; suivant : 003E31

Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD

Auteurs : Maija Konstenius [Suède] ; Anders Leifman [Suède] ; Katelijne Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen [Pays-Bas] ; Geurt Van De Glind [Pays-Bas] ; Johan Franck [Suède] ; Franz Moggi [Suisse] ; Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga [Espagne] ; Frances R. Levin [États-Unis] ; Pieter Jan Carpentier [Pays-Bas] ; Arvid Skutle [Norvège] ; Eli-Torild Bu [Norvège] ; Sharlene Kaye [Australie] ; Zsolt Demetrovics [Hongrie] ; Csaba Barta [Hongrie] ; Marc Auriecomb [France] ; Melina Fatséas [France] ; Brian Johnson [États-Unis] ; Stephen V. Faraone [États-Unis] ; Steve Allsop [Australie] ; Susan Carruthers [Australie] ; Robert A. Schoevers [Pays-Bas] ; Sofie Verspreet [Belgique] ; Geert Dom [Belgique] ; Maarten Wj Koeter [Pays-Bas] ; Wim Van Den Brink [Pays-Bas]

Source :

Addictive behaviors [ 0306-4603 ] ; 2016.

RBID : PMC:5518307

Abstract

Background

Childhood trauma exposure (CTE) is frequently reported by those with substance use disorders (SUDs). SUDs also frequently co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objective

To investigate the role of childhood trauma exposure (CTE) in the presence and the persistence of ADHD in treatment seeking SUD patients.

Method

Data was derived from the International ADHD in Substance Use Disorder Prevalence (IASP) study. A structured interview was administered to 1274 treatment-seeking SUD patients aged 18 to 65.

Results

CTE was present in 53.5% of the patients and comorbid adult ADHD in 14.1%. CTE was significantly associated with ADHD: the prevalence of adult ADHD with and without CTE was 19.4% and 8.5% (OR adjusted for age, gender, main substance of abuse, BPD, and ASPD 1.91 [95%CI 1.29–2.81]). CTE was not associated with the severity of adult ADHD or with the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood.

Conclusions

CTE is common in SUD patients and associated with adult ADHD but not with the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood. These findings suggest that the increased rate of adult ADHD in SUD patients with CTE is not the consequence of a negative effect of CTE on the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood, but a direct expression of the high rate of childhood ADHD in SUD patients with CTE.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5518307

DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.016
PubMed: 27816036
PubMed Central: 5518307

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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franck, Johan" sort="Franck, Johan" uniqKey="Franck J" first="Johan" last="Franck">Johan Franck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moggi, Franz" sort="Moggi, Franz" uniqKey="Moggi F" first="Franz" last="Moggi">Franz Moggi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Fribourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Fribourg</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Fribourg</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" sort="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" uniqKey="Ramos Quiroga J" first="Josep Antoni" last="Ramos-Quiroga">Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychiatry</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levin, Frances R" sort="Levin, Frances R" uniqKey="Levin F" first="Frances R" last="Levin">Frances R. Levin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" sort="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" uniqKey="Carpentier P" first="Pieter Jan" last="Carpentier">Pieter Jan Carpentier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skutle, Arvid" sort="Skutle, Arvid" uniqKey="Skutle A" first="Arvid" last="Skutle">Arvid Skutle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bu, Eli Torild" sort="Bu, Eli Torild" uniqKey="Bu E" first="Eli-Torild" last="Bu">Eli-Torild Bu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaye, Sharlene" sort="Kaye, Sharlene" uniqKey="Kaye S" first="Sharlene" last="Kaye">Sharlene Kaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demetrovics, Zsolt" sort="Demetrovics, Zsolt" uniqKey="Demetrovics Z" first="Zsolt" last="Demetrovics">Zsolt Demetrovics</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barta, Csaba" sort="Barta, Csaba" uniqKey="Barta C" first="Csaba" last="Barta">Csaba Barta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A13">Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auriecomb, Marc" sort="Auriecomb, Marc" uniqKey="Auriecomb M" first="Marc" last="Auriecomb">Marc Auriecomb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A14">Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Université de Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fatseas, Melina" sort="Fatseas, Melina" uniqKey="Fatseas M" first="Melina" last="Fatséas">Melina Fatséas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A14">Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Université de Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brian" sort="Johnson, Brian" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brian" last="Johnson">Brian Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faraone, Stephen V" sort="Faraone, Stephen V" uniqKey="Faraone S" first="Stephen V" last="Faraone">Stephen V. Faraone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allsop, Steve" sort="Allsop, Steve" uniqKey="Allsop S" first="Steve" last="Allsop">Steve Allsop</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carruthers, Susan" sort="Carruthers, Susan" uniqKey="Carruthers S" first="Susan" last="Carruthers">Susan Carruthers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schoevers, Robert A" sort="Schoevers, Robert A" uniqKey="Schoevers R" first="Robert A" last="Schoevers">Robert A. Schoevers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verspreet, Sofie" sort="Verspreet, Sofie" uniqKey="Verspreet S" first="Sofie" last="Verspreet">Sofie Verspreet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dom, Geert" sort="Dom, Geert" uniqKey="Dom G" first="Geert" last="Dom">Geert Dom</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koeter, Maarten Wj" sort="Koeter, Maarten Wj" uniqKey="Koeter M" first="Maarten Wj" last="Koeter">Maarten Wj Koeter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, Wim" sort="Van Den Brink, Wim" uniqKey="Van Den Brink W" first="Wim" last="Van Den Brink">Wim Van Den Brink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Addictive behaviors</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0306-4603</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1873-6327</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Childhood trauma exposure (CTE) is frequently reported by those with substance use disorders (SUDs). SUDs also frequently co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P2">To investigate the role of childhood trauma exposure (CTE) in the presence and the persistence of ADHD in treatment seeking SUD patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Method</title>
<p id="P3">Data was derived from the International ADHD in Substance Use Disorder Prevalence (IASP) study. A structured interview was administered to 1274 treatment-seeking SUD patients aged 18 to 65.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P4">CTE was present in 53.5% of the patients and comorbid adult ADHD in 14.1%. CTE was significantly associated with ADHD: the prevalence of adult ADHD with and without CTE was 19.4% and 8.5% (OR adjusted for age, gender, main substance of abuse, BPD, and ASPD 1.91 [95%CI 1.29–2.81]). CTE was not associated with the severity of adult ADHD or with the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">CTE is common in SUD patients and associated with adult ADHD but not with the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood. These findings suggest that the increased rate of adult ADHD in SUD patients with CTE is not the consequence of a negative effect of CTE on the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood, but a direct expression of the high rate of childhood ADHD in SUD patients with CTE.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<double pmid="27816036"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD</title>
<author><name sortKey="Konstenius, Maija" sort="Konstenius, Maija" uniqKey="Konstenius M" first="Maija" last="Konstenius">Maija Konstenius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leifman, Anders" sort="Leifman, Anders" uniqKey="Leifman A" first="Anders" last="Leifman">Anders Leifman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" sort="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" uniqKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen K" first="Katelijne" last="Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen">Katelijne Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arkin, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Glind, Geurt" sort="Van De Glind, Geurt" uniqKey="Van De Glind G" first="Geurt" last="Van De Glind">Geurt Van De Glind</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franck, Johan" sort="Franck, Johan" uniqKey="Franck J" first="Johan" last="Franck">Johan Franck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moggi, Franz" sort="Moggi, Franz" uniqKey="Moggi F" first="Franz" last="Moggi">Franz Moggi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Fribourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Fribourg</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Fribourg</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" sort="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" uniqKey="Ramos Quiroga J" first="Josep Antoni" last="Ramos-Quiroga">Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychiatry</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levin, Frances R" sort="Levin, Frances R" uniqKey="Levin F" first="Frances R" last="Levin">Frances R. Levin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" sort="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" uniqKey="Carpentier P" first="Pieter Jan" last="Carpentier">Pieter Jan Carpentier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skutle, Arvid" sort="Skutle, Arvid" uniqKey="Skutle A" first="Arvid" last="Skutle">Arvid Skutle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bu, Eli Torild" sort="Bu, Eli Torild" uniqKey="Bu E" first="Eli-Torild" last="Bu">Eli-Torild Bu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaye, Sharlene" sort="Kaye, Sharlene" uniqKey="Kaye S" first="Sharlene" last="Kaye">Sharlene Kaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brian" sort="Johnson, Brian" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brian" last="Johnson">Brian Johnson</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faraone, Stephen V" sort="Faraone, Stephen V" uniqKey="Faraone S" first="Stephen V" last="Faraone">Stephen V. Faraone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allsop, Steve" sort="Allsop, Steve" uniqKey="Allsop S" first="Steve" last="Allsop">Steve Allsop</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carruthers, Susan" sort="Carruthers, Susan" uniqKey="Carruthers S" first="Susan" last="Carruthers">Susan Carruthers</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schoevers, Robert A" sort="Schoevers, Robert A" uniqKey="Schoevers R" first="Robert A" last="Schoevers">Robert A. Schoevers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verspreet, Sofie" sort="Verspreet, Sofie" uniqKey="Verspreet S" first="Sofie" last="Verspreet">Sofie Verspreet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dom, Geert" sort="Dom, Geert" uniqKey="Dom G" first="Geert" last="Dom">Geert Dom</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koeter, Maarten Wj" sort="Koeter, Maarten Wj" uniqKey="Koeter M" first="Maarten Wj" last="Koeter">Maarten Wj Koeter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, Wim" sort="Van Den Brink, Wim" uniqKey="Van Den Brink W" first="Wim" last="Van Den Brink">Wim Van Den Brink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD</title>
<author><name sortKey="Konstenius, Maija" sort="Konstenius, Maija" uniqKey="Konstenius M" first="Maija" last="Konstenius">Maija Konstenius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leifman, Anders" sort="Leifman, Anders" uniqKey="Leifman A" first="Anders" last="Leifman">Anders Leifman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" sort="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" uniqKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen K" first="Katelijne" last="Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen">Katelijne Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Arkin, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Glind, Geurt" sort="Van De Glind, Geurt" uniqKey="Van De Glind G" first="Geurt" last="Van De Glind">Geurt Van De Glind</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franck, Johan" sort="Franck, Johan" uniqKey="Franck J" first="Johan" last="Franck">Johan Franck</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moggi, Franz" sort="Moggi, Franz" uniqKey="Moggi F" first="Franz" last="Moggi">Franz Moggi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Fribourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Fribourg</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" sort="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" uniqKey="Ramos Quiroga J" first="Josep Antoni" last="Ramos-Quiroga">Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levin, Frances R" sort="Levin, Frances R" uniqKey="Levin F" first="Frances R" last="Levin">Frances R. Levin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" sort="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" uniqKey="Carpentier P" first="Pieter Jan" last="Carpentier">Pieter Jan Carpentier</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skutle, Arvid" sort="Skutle, Arvid" uniqKey="Skutle A" first="Arvid" last="Skutle">Arvid Skutle</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bu, Eli Torild" sort="Bu, Eli Torild" uniqKey="Bu E" first="Eli-Torild" last="Bu">Eli-Torild Bu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaye, Sharlene" sort="Kaye, Sharlene" uniqKey="Kaye S" first="Sharlene" last="Kaye">Sharlene Kaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demetrovics, Zsolt" sort="Demetrovics, Zsolt" uniqKey="Demetrovics Z" first="Zsolt" last="Demetrovics">Zsolt Demetrovics</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barta, Csaba" sort="Barta, Csaba" uniqKey="Barta C" first="Csaba" last="Barta">Csaba Barta</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auriecomb, Marc" sort="Auriecomb, Marc" uniqKey="Auriecomb M" first="Marc" last="Auriecomb">Marc Auriecomb</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fatseas, Melina" sort="Fatseas, Melina" uniqKey="Fatseas M" first="Melina" last="Fatséas">Melina Fatséas</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brian" sort="Johnson, Brian" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brian" last="Johnson">Brian Johnson</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faraone, Stephen V" sort="Faraone, Stephen V" uniqKey="Faraone S" first="Stephen V" last="Faraone">Stephen V. Faraone</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allsop, Steve" sort="Allsop, Steve" uniqKey="Allsop S" first="Steve" last="Allsop">Steve Allsop</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carruthers, Susan" sort="Carruthers, Susan" uniqKey="Carruthers S" first="Susan" last="Carruthers">Susan Carruthers</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schoevers, Robert A" sort="Schoevers, Robert A" uniqKey="Schoevers R" first="Robert A" last="Schoevers">Robert A. Schoevers</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verspreet, Sofie" sort="Verspreet, Sofie" uniqKey="Verspreet S" first="Sofie" last="Verspreet">Sofie Verspreet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dom, Geert" sort="Dom, Geert" uniqKey="Dom G" first="Geert" last="Dom">Geert Dom</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koeter, Maarten Wj" sort="Koeter, Maarten Wj" uniqKey="Koeter M" first="Maarten Wj" last="Koeter">Maarten Wj Koeter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, Wim" sort="Van Den Brink, Wim" uniqKey="Van Den Brink W" first="Wim" last="Van Den Brink">Wim Van Den Brink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Addictive behaviors</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0306-4603</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1873-6327</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Childhood trauma exposure (CTE) is frequently reported by those with substance use disorders (SUDs). SUDs also frequently co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P2">To investigate the role of childhood trauma exposure (CTE) in the presence and the persistence of ADHD in treatment seeking SUD patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Method</title>
<p id="P3">Data was derived from the International ADHD in Substance Use Disorder Prevalence (IASP) study. A structured interview was administered to 1274 treatment-seeking SUD patients aged 18 to 65.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P4">CTE was present in 53.5% of the patients and comorbid adult ADHD in 14.1%. CTE was significantly associated with ADHD: the prevalence of adult ADHD with and without CTE was 19.4% and 8.5% (OR adjusted for age, gender, main substance of abuse, BPD, and ASPD 1.91 [95%CI 1.29–2.81]). CTE was not associated with the severity of adult ADHD or with the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">CTE is common in SUD patients and associated with adult ADHD but not with the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood. These findings suggest that the increased rate of adult ADHD in SUD patients with CTE is not the consequence of a negative effect of CTE on the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood, but a direct expression of the high rate of childhood ADHD in SUD patients with CTE.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pmc>
<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Konstenius, Maija" sort="Konstenius, Maija" uniqKey="Konstenius M" first="Maija" last="Konstenius">Maija Konstenius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: maija.konstenius@ki.se.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leifman, Anders" sort="Leifman, Anders" uniqKey="Leifman A" first="Anders" last="Leifman">Anders Leifman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" sort="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" uniqKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen K" first="Katelijne" last="Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen">Katelijne Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Glind, Geurt" sort="Van De Glind, Geurt" uniqKey="Van De Glind G" first="Geurt" last="Van De Glind">Geurt Van De Glind</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franck, Johan" sort="Franck, Johan" uniqKey="Franck J" first="Johan" last="Franck">Johan Franck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moggi, Franz" sort="Moggi, Franz" uniqKey="Moggi F" first="Franz" last="Moggi">Franz Moggi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fribourg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" sort="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" uniqKey="Ramos Quiroga J" first="Josep Antoni" last="Ramos-Quiroga">Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychiatry</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levin, Frances R" sort="Levin, Frances R" uniqKey="Levin F" first="Frances R" last="Levin">Frances R. Levin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" sort="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" uniqKey="Carpentier P" first="Pieter Jan" last="Carpentier">Pieter Jan Carpentier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skutle, Arvid" sort="Skutle, Arvid" uniqKey="Skutle A" first="Arvid" last="Skutle">Arvid Skutle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bu, Eli Torild" sort="Bu, Eli Torild" uniqKey="Bu E" first="Eli-Torild" last="Bu">Eli-Torild Bu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaye, Sharlene" sort="Kaye, Sharlene" uniqKey="Kaye S" first="Sharlene" last="Kaye">Sharlene Kaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demetrovics, Zsolt" sort="Demetrovics, Zsolt" uniqKey="Demetrovics Z" first="Zsolt" last="Demetrovics">Zsolt Demetrovics</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barta, Csaba" sort="Barta, Csaba" uniqKey="Barta C" first="Csaba" last="Barta">Csaba Barta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auriecomb, Marc" sort="Auriecomb, Marc" uniqKey="Auriecomb M" first="Marc" last="Auriecomb">Marc Auriecomb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Université de Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fatseas, Melina" sort="Fatseas, Melina" uniqKey="Fatseas M" first="Melina" last="Fatséas">Melina Fatséas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Université de Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brian" sort="Johnson, Brian" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brian" last="Johnson">Brian Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faraone, Stephen V" sort="Faraone, Stephen V" uniqKey="Faraone S" first="Stephen V" last="Faraone">Stephen V. Faraone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allsop, Steve" sort="Allsop, Steve" uniqKey="Allsop S" first="Steve" last="Allsop">Steve Allsop</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carruthers, Susan" sort="Carruthers, Susan" uniqKey="Carruthers S" first="Susan" last="Carruthers">Susan Carruthers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schoevers, Robert A" sort="Schoevers, Robert A" uniqKey="Schoevers R" first="Robert A" last="Schoevers">Robert A. Schoevers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verspreet, Sofie" sort="Verspreet, Sofie" uniqKey="Verspreet S" first="Sofie" last="Verspreet">Sofie Verspreet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dom, Geert" sort="Dom, Geert" uniqKey="Dom G" first="Geert" last="Dom">Geert Dom</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koeter, Maarten W J" sort="Koeter, Maarten W J" uniqKey="Koeter M" first="Maarten W J" last="Koeter">Maarten W J. Koeter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, Wim" sort="Van Den Brink, Wim" uniqKey="Van Den Brink W" first="Wim" last="Van Den Brink">Wim Van Den Brink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:27816036</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27816036</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.016</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001171</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001171</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001168</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001168</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001168</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001168</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Konstenius, Maija" sort="Konstenius, Maija" uniqKey="Konstenius M" first="Maija" last="Konstenius">Maija Konstenius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: maija.konstenius@ki.se.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leifman, Anders" sort="Leifman, Anders" uniqKey="Leifman A" first="Anders" last="Leifman">Anders Leifman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stockholm Center for Dependency Disorders</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" sort="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" uniqKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen K" first="Katelijne" last="Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen">Katelijne Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Glind, Geurt" sort="Van De Glind, Geurt" uniqKey="Van De Glind G" first="Geurt" last="Van De Glind">Geurt Van De Glind</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franck, Johan" sort="Franck, Johan" uniqKey="Franck J" first="Johan" last="Franck">Johan Franck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Moggi, Franz" sort="Moggi, Franz" uniqKey="Moggi F" first="Franz" last="Moggi">Franz Moggi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fribourg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" sort="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" uniqKey="Ramos Quiroga J" first="Josep Antoni" last="Ramos-Quiroga">Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychiatry</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levin, Frances R" sort="Levin, Frances R" uniqKey="Levin F" first="Frances R" last="Levin">Frances R. Levin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" sort="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" uniqKey="Carpentier P" first="Pieter Jan" last="Carpentier">Pieter Jan Carpentier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>'s-Hertogenbosch</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skutle, Arvid" sort="Skutle, Arvid" uniqKey="Skutle A" first="Arvid" last="Skutle">Arvid Skutle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bu, Eli Torild" sort="Bu, Eli Torild" uniqKey="Bu E" first="Eli-Torild" last="Bu">Eli-Torild Bu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaye, Sharlene" sort="Kaye, Sharlene" uniqKey="Kaye S" first="Sharlene" last="Kaye">Sharlene Kaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demetrovics, Zsolt" sort="Demetrovics, Zsolt" uniqKey="Demetrovics Z" first="Zsolt" last="Demetrovics">Zsolt Demetrovics</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barta, Csaba" sort="Barta, Csaba" uniqKey="Barta C" first="Csaba" last="Barta">Csaba Barta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auriecomb, Marc" sort="Auriecomb, Marc" uniqKey="Auriecomb M" first="Marc" last="Auriecomb">Marc Auriecomb</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fatseas, Melina" sort="Fatseas, Melina" uniqKey="Fatseas M" first="Melina" last="Fatséas">Melina Fatséas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brian" sort="Johnson, Brian" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brian" last="Johnson">Brian Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faraone, Stephen V" sort="Faraone, Stephen V" uniqKey="Faraone S" first="Stephen V" last="Faraone">Stephen V. Faraone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allsop, Steve" sort="Allsop, Steve" uniqKey="Allsop S" first="Steve" last="Allsop">Steve Allsop</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Carruthers, Susan" sort="Carruthers, Susan" uniqKey="Carruthers S" first="Susan" last="Carruthers">Susan Carruthers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Schoevers, Robert A" sort="Schoevers, Robert A" uniqKey="Schoevers R" first="Robert A" last="Schoevers">Robert A. Schoevers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Verspreet, Sofie" sort="Verspreet, Sofie" uniqKey="Verspreet S" first="Sofie" last="Verspreet">Sofie Verspreet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dom, Geert" sort="Dom, Geert" uniqKey="Dom G" first="Geert" last="Dom">Geert Dom</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Boechout</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koeter, Maarten W J" sort="Koeter, Maarten W J" uniqKey="Koeter M" first="Maarten W J" last="Koeter">Maarten W J. Koeter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, Wim" sort="Van Den Brink, Wim" uniqKey="Van Den Brink W" first="Wim" last="Van Den Brink">Wim Van Den Brink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Addictive behaviors</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1873-6327</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD

Childhood trauma exposure in substance use disorder patients with and without ADHD

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