Epigenetic Signatures of Cigarette Smoking
Identifieur interne : 003B69 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003B68; suivant : 003B70Epigenetic Signatures of Cigarette Smoking
Auteurs : Roby Joehanes [États-Unis] ; Allan C. Just [États-Unis] ; Riccardo E. Marioni [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; Luke C. Pilling [Royaume-Uni] ; Lindsay M. Reynolds [États-Unis] ; Pooja R. Mandaviya [Pays-Bas] ; Weihua Guan [États-Unis] ; Tao Xu [Allemagne] ; Cathy E. Elks [Royaume-Uni] ; Stella Aslibekyan [États-Unis] ; Hortensia Moreno-Macias [Mexique, France] ; Jennifer A. Smith [États-Unis] ; Jennifer A. Brody [États-Unis] ; Radhika Dhingra [États-Unis] ; Paul Yousefi [États-Unis] ; James S. Pankow [États-Unis] ; Sonja Kunze [Allemagne] ; Sonia Shah [Australie] ; Allan F. Mcrae [Australie] ; Kurt Lohman [États-Unis] ; Jin Sha [États-Unis] ; Devin M. Absher [États-Unis] ; Luigi Ferrucci [États-Unis] ; Wei Zhao [États-Unis] ; Ellen W. Demerath [États-Unis] ; Jan Bressler [États-Unis] ; Megan L. Grove [États-Unis] ; Tianxiao Huan [États-Unis] ; Chunyu Liu [États-Unis] ; Michael M. Mendelson [États-Unis] ; Chen Yao [États-Unis] ; Douglas P. Kiel [États-Unis] ; Annette Peters [Allemagne] ; Rui Wang-Sattler [Allemagne] ; Peter M. Visscher [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; Naomi R. Wray [Australie] ; John M. Starr [Royaume-Uni] ; Jingzhong Ding [États-Unis] ; Carlos J. Rodriguez [États-Unis] ; Nicholas J. Wareham [Royaume-Uni] ; Marguerite R. Irvin [États-Unis] ; Degui Zhi [États-Unis] ; Myrto Barrdahl [Allemagne] ; Paolo Vineis [Royaume-Uni, Italie] ; Srikant Ambatipudi [France] ; André G. Uitterlinden [Pays-Bas] ; Albert Hofman [Pays-Bas] ; Joel Schwartz [États-Unis] ; Elena Colicino [États-Unis] ; Lifang Hou [États-Unis] ; Pantel S. Vokonas [États-Unis] ; Dena G. Hernandez [États-Unis] ; Andrew B. Singleton [États-Unis] ; Stefania Bandinelli [Italie] ; Stephen T. Turner [États-Unis] ; Erin B. Ware [États-Unis] ; Alicia K. Smith [États-Unis] ; Torsten Klengel [Allemagne, États-Unis] ; Elisabeth B. Binder [Allemagne, États-Unis] ; Bruce M. Psaty [États-Unis] ; Kent D. Taylor [États-Unis] ; Sina A. Gharib [États-Unis] ; Brenton R. Swenson [États-Unis] ; Liming Liang ; Dawn L. Demeo ; George T. O'Connor ; Zdenko Herceg [France] ; Kerry J. Ressler [États-Unis] ; Karen N. Conneely [États-Unis] ; Nona Sotoodehnia [États-Unis] ; Sharon L. R. Kardia [États-Unis] ; David Melzer [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrea A. Baccarelli [États-Unis] ; Joyce B. J. Van Meurs [Pays-Bas] ; Isabelle Romieu [France] ; Donna K. Arnett [États-Unis] ; Ken K. Ong [Royaume-Uni] ; Yongmei Liu [États-Unis] ; Melanie Waldenberger [Allemagne] ; Ian J. Deary [Royaume-Uni] ; Myriam Fornage [États-Unis] ; Daniel Levy [États-Unis] ; Stephanie J. London [États-Unis]Source :
- Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics [ 1942-325X ] ; 2016.
Abstract
DNA methylation leaves a long-term signature of smoking exposure and is one potential mechanism by which tobacco exposure predisposes to adverse health outcomes, such as cancers, osteoporosis, lung, and cardiovascular disorders.
To comprehensively determine the association between cigarette smoking and DNA methylation, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation assessed using the Illumina BeadChip 450K array on 15,907 blood derived DNA samples from participants in 16 cohorts (including 2,433 current, 6,518 former, and 6,956 never smokers). Comparing current versus never smokers, 2,623 CpG sites (CpGs), annotated to 1,405 genes, were statistically significantly differentially methylated at Bonferroni threshold of p<1×10−7 (18,760 CpGs at False Discovery Rate (FDR)<0.05). Genes annotated to these CpGs were enriched for associations with several smoking-related traits in genome-wide studies including pulmonary function, cancers, inflammatory diseases and heart disease. Comparing former versus never smokers, 185 of the CpGs that differed between current and never smokers were significant p<1×10−7 (2,623 CpGs at FDR<0.05), indicating a pattern of persistent altered methylation, with attenuation, after smoking cessation. Transcriptomic integration identified effects on gene expression at many differentially methylated CpGs.
Cigarette smoking has a broad impact on genome-wide methylation that, at many loci, persists many years after smoking cessation. Many of the differentially methylated genes were novel genes with respect to biologic effects of smoking, and might represent therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment of tobacco-related diseases. Methylation at these sites could also serve as sensitive and stable biomarkers of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke.
Url:
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.116.001506
PubMed: 27651444
PubMed Central: 5267325
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<author><name sortKey="Mcrae, Allan F" sort="Mcrae, Allan F" uniqKey="Mcrae A" first="Allan F." last="Mcrae">Allan F. Mcrae</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lohman, Kurt" sort="Lohman, Kurt" uniqKey="Lohman K" first="Kurt" last="Lohman">Kurt Lohman</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
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<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Sha, Jin" sort="Sha, Jin" uniqKey="Sha J" first="Jin" last="Sha">Jin Sha</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Demerath, Ellen W" sort="Demerath, Ellen W" uniqKey="Demerath E" first="Ellen W." last="Demerath">Ellen W. Demerath</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bressler, Jan" sort="Bressler, Jan" uniqKey="Bressler J" first="Jan" last="Bressler">Jan Bressler</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Huan, Tianxiao" sort="Huan, Tianxiao" uniqKey="Huan T" first="Tianxiao" last="Huan">Tianxiao Huan</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Chunyu" sort="Liu, Chunyu" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Chunyu" last="Liu">Chunyu Liu</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendelson, Michael M" sort="Mendelson, Michael M" uniqKey="Mendelson M" first="Michael M." last="Mendelson">Michael M. Mendelson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A27">Children's Hospital, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Children's Hospital, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yao, Chen" sort="Yao, Chen" uniqKey="Yao C" first="Chen" last="Yao">Chen Yao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kiel, Douglas P" sort="Kiel, Douglas P" uniqKey="Kiel D" first="Douglas P." last="Kiel">Douglas P. Kiel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inst for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Dept of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Inst for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Dept of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang Sattler, Rui" sort="Wang Sattler, Rui" uniqKey="Wang Sattler R" first="Rui" last="Wang-Sattler">Rui Wang-Sattler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Visscher, Peter M" sort="Visscher, Peter M" uniqKey="Visscher P" first="Peter M." last="Visscher">Peter M. Visscher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wray, Naomi R" sort="Wray, Naomi R" uniqKey="Wray N" first="Naomi R." last="Wray">Naomi R. Wray</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starr, John M" sort="Starr, John M" uniqKey="Starr J" first="John M." last="Starr">John M. Starr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A28">Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Jingzhong" sort="Ding, Jingzhong" uniqKey="Ding J" first="Jingzhong" last="Ding">Jingzhong Ding</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A29">Dept of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Carlos J" sort="Rodriguez, Carlos J" uniqKey="Rodriguez C" first="Carlos J." last="Rodriguez">Carlos J. Rodriguez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Irvin, Marguerite R" sort="Irvin, Marguerite R" uniqKey="Irvin M" first="Marguerite R." last="Irvin">Marguerite R. Irvin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Alabama</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhi, Degui" sort="Zhi, Degui" uniqKey="Zhi D" first="Degui" last="Zhi">Degui Zhi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A30">School of Biomedical Informatics & School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>School of Biomedical Informatics & School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrdahl, Myrto" sort="Barrdahl, Myrto" uniqKey="Barrdahl M" first="Myrto" last="Barrdahl">Myrto Barrdahl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">MRC/PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC/PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Imperial College London</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A33">HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>HuGeF Foundation, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ambatipudi, Srikant" sort="Ambatipudi, Srikant" uniqKey="Ambatipudi S" first="Srikant" last="Ambatipudi">Srikant Ambatipudi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A34">Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Joel" sort="Schwartz, Joel" uniqKey="Schwartz J" first="Joel" last="Schwartz">Joel Schwartz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Colicino, Elena" sort="Colicino, Elena" uniqKey="Colicino E" first="Elena" last="Colicino">Elena Colicino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hou, Lifang" sort="Hou, Lifang" uniqKey="Hou L" first="Lifang" last="Hou">Lifang Hou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A36">Dept of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univ, Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vokonas, Pantel S" sort="Vokonas, Pantel S" uniqKey="Vokonas P" first="Pantel S." last="Vokonas">Pantel S. Vokonas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A37">VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System & Dept of Medicine, Boston Univ School of Medicine, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System & Dept of Medicine, Boston Univ School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena G" sort="Hernandez, Dena G" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena G." last="Hernandez">Dena G. Hernandez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A38">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singleton, Andrew B" sort="Singleton, Andrew B" uniqKey="Singleton A" first="Andrew B." last="Singleton">Andrew B. Singleton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A38">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Florence</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Stephen T" sort="Turner, Stephen T" uniqKey="Turner S" first="Stephen T." last="Turner">Stephen T. Turner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A40">Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ware, Erin B" sort="Ware, Erin B" uniqKey="Ware E" first="Erin B." last="Ware">Erin B. Ware</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A41">Research Center for Group Dynamics, Inst for Social Research, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Research Center for Group Dynamics, Inst for Social Research, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Alicia K" sort="Smith, Alicia K" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Alicia K." last="Smith">Alicia K. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A42">Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klengel, Torsten" sort="Klengel, Torsten" uniqKey="Klengel T" first="Torsten" last="Klengel">Torsten Klengel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Binder, Elisabeth B" sort="Binder, Elisabeth B" uniqKey="Binder E" first="Elisabeth B." last="Binder">Elisabeth B. Binder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M." last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Kent D" sort="Taylor, Kent D" uniqKey="Taylor K" first="Kent D." last="Taylor">Kent D. Taylor</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Division of Genomic Outcomes, Dept of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Torrance</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A49">Depts of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Depts of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gharib, Sina A" sort="Gharib, Sina A" uniqKey="Gharib S" first="Sina A." last="Gharib">Sina A. Gharib</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A50">Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swenson, Brenton R" sort="Swenson, Brenton R" uniqKey="Swenson B" first="Brenton R." last="Swenson">Brenton R. Swenson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liang, Liming" sort="Liang, Liming" uniqKey="Liang L" first="Liming" last="Liang">Liming Liang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Harvard School of Public Health</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demeo, Dawn L" sort="Demeo, Dawn L" uniqKey="Demeo D" first="Dawn L." last="Demeo">Dawn L. Demeo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Harvard Medical School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Connor, George T" sort="O Connor, George T" uniqKey="O Connor G" first="George T." last="O'Connor">George T. O'Connor</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Herceg, Zdenko" sort="Herceg, Zdenko" uniqKey="Herceg Z" first="Zdenko" last="Herceg">Zdenko Herceg</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ressler, Kerry J" sort="Ressler, Kerry J" uniqKey="Ressler K" first="Kerry J." last="Ressler">Kerry J. Ressler</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Dept of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Harvard Medical School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conneely, Karen N" sort="Conneely, Karen N" uniqKey="Conneely K" first="Karen N." last="Conneely">Karen N. Conneely</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A55">Dept of Human Genetics, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Human Genetics, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sotoodehnia, Nona" sort="Sotoodehnia, Nona" uniqKey="Sotoodehnia N" first="Nona" last="Sotoodehnia">Nona Sotoodehnia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A56">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kardia, Sharon L R" sort="Kardia, Sharon L R" uniqKey="Kardia S" first="Sharon L. R." last="Kardia">Sharon L. R. Kardia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Melzer, David" sort="Melzer, David" uniqKey="Melzer D" first="David" last="Melzer">David Melzer</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology & Public Health Group, Inst of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Univ of Exeter Medical School, Exeter</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Baccarelli, Andrea A" sort="Baccarelli, Andrea A" uniqKey="Baccarelli A" first="Andrea A." last="Baccarelli">Andrea A. Baccarelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A57">Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Van Meurs, Joyce B J" sort="Van Meurs, Joyce B J" uniqKey="Van Meurs J" first="Joyce B. J." last="Van Meurs">Joyce B. J. Van Meurs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romieu, Isabelle" sort="Romieu, Isabelle" uniqKey="Romieu I" first="Isabelle" last="Romieu">Isabelle Romieu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arnett, Donna K" sort="Arnett, Donna K" uniqKey="Arnett D" first="Donna K." last="Arnett">Donna K. Arnett</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Alabama</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waldenberger, Melanie" sort="Waldenberger, Melanie" uniqKey="Waldenberger M" first="Melanie" last="Waldenberger">Melanie Waldenberger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deary, Ian J" sort="Deary, Ian J" uniqKey="Deary I" first="Ian J." last="Deary">Ian J. Deary</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A58">Dept of Psychology, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Psychology, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fornage, Myriam" sort="Fornage, Myriam" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="Myriam" last="Fornage">Myriam Fornage</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levy, Daniel" sort="Levy, Daniel" uniqKey="Levy D" first="Daniel" last="Levy">Daniel Levy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="London, Stephanie J" sort="London, Stephanie J" uniqKey="London S" first="Stephanie J." last="London">Stephanie J. London</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A60">Epidemiology Branch, National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences, National Insts of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Epidemiology Branch, National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences, National Insts of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Epigenetic Signatures of Cigarette Smoking</title>
<author><name sortKey="Joehanes, Roby" sort="Joehanes, Roby" uniqKey="Joehanes R" first="Roby" last="Joehanes">Roby Joehanes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inst for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Dept of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Inst for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Dept of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Just, Allan C" sort="Just, Allan C" uniqKey="Just A" first="Allan C." last="Just">Allan C. Just</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Dept of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marioni, Riccardo E" sort="Marioni, Riccardo E" uniqKey="Marioni R" first="Riccardo E." last="Marioni">Riccardo E. Marioni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Inst of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Inst of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pilling, Luke C" sort="Pilling, Luke C" uniqKey="Pilling L" first="Luke C." last="Pilling">Luke C. Pilling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Epidemiology & Public Health Group, Inst of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Univ of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology & Public Health Group, Inst of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Univ of Exeter Medical School, Exeter</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Exeter</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reynolds, Lindsay M" sort="Reynolds, Lindsay M" uniqKey="Reynolds L" first="Lindsay M." last="Reynolds">Lindsay M. Reynolds</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mandaviya, Pooja R" sort="Mandaviya, Pooja R" uniqKey="Mandaviya P" first="Pooja R." last="Mandaviya">Pooja R. Mandaviya</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A10">Dept of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guan, Weihua" sort="Guan, Weihua" uniqKey="Guan W" first="Weihua" last="Guan">Weihua Guan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Biostatistics, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Biostatistics, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Tao" sort="Xu, Tao" uniqKey="Xu T" first="Tao" last="Xu">Tao Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elks, Cathy E" sort="Elks, Cathy E" uniqKey="Elks C" first="Cathy E." last="Elks">Cathy E. Elks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aslibekyan, Stella" sort="Aslibekyan, Stella" uniqKey="Aslibekyan S" first="Stella" last="Aslibekyan">Stella Aslibekyan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Alabama</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno Macias, Hortensia" sort="Moreno Macias, Hortensia" uniqKey="Moreno Macias H" first="Hortensia" last="Moreno-Macias">Hortensia Moreno-Macias</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Autonomous Metropolitan Univ-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Autonomous Metropolitan Univ-Iztapalapa, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mexico City</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Jennifer A" sort="Smith, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Smith J" first="Jennifer A." last="Smith">Jennifer A. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brody, Jennifer A" sort="Brody, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Brody J" first="Jennifer A." last="Brody">Jennifer A. Brody</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dhingra, Radhika" sort="Dhingra, Radhika" uniqKey="Dhingra R" first="Radhika" last="Dhingra">Radhika Dhingra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A19">Dept of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory Univ, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yousefi, Paul" sort="Yousefi, Paul" uniqKey="Yousefi P" first="Paul" last="Yousefi">Paul Yousefi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A20">School of Public Health, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>School of Public Health, Univ of California, Berkeley</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pankow, James S" sort="Pankow, James S" uniqKey="Pankow J" first="James S." last="Pankow">James S. Pankow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kunze, Sonja" sort="Kunze, Sonja" uniqKey="Kunze S" first="Sonja" last="Kunze">Sonja Kunze</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shah, Sonia" sort="Shah, Sonia" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sonia" last="Shah">Sonia Shah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcrae, Allan F" sort="Mcrae, Allan F" uniqKey="Mcrae A" first="Allan F." last="Mcrae">Allan F. Mcrae</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lohman, Kurt" sort="Lohman, Kurt" uniqKey="Lohman K" first="Kurt" last="Lohman">Kurt Lohman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A23">Dept of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sha, Jin" sort="Sha, Jin" uniqKey="Sha J" first="Jin" last="Sha">Jin Sha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Alabama</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Absher, Devin M" sort="Absher, Devin M" uniqKey="Absher D" first="Devin M." last="Absher">Devin M. Absher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A24">HudsonAlpha Inst for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Alabama</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>HudsonAlpha Inst for Biotechnology, Huntsville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A25">Clinical Research Branch, National Inst on Aging, Baltimore, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Clinical Research Branch, National Inst on Aging, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demerath, Ellen W" sort="Demerath, Ellen W" uniqKey="Demerath E" first="Ellen W." last="Demerath">Ellen W. Demerath</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A20">School of Public Health, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>School of Public Health, Univ of California, Berkeley</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bressler, Jan" sort="Bressler, Jan" uniqKey="Bressler J" first="Jan" last="Bressler">Jan Bressler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grove, Megan L" sort="Grove, Megan L" uniqKey="Grove M" first="Megan L." last="Grove">Megan L. Grove</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huan, Tianxiao" sort="Huan, Tianxiao" uniqKey="Huan T" first="Tianxiao" last="Huan">Tianxiao Huan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Chunyu" sort="Liu, Chunyu" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Chunyu" last="Liu">Chunyu Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendelson, Michael M" sort="Mendelson, Michael M" uniqKey="Mendelson M" first="Michael M." last="Mendelson">Michael M. Mendelson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A27">Children's Hospital, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Children's Hospital, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yao, Chen" sort="Yao, Chen" uniqKey="Yao C" first="Chen" last="Yao">Chen Yao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kiel, Douglas P" sort="Kiel, Douglas P" uniqKey="Kiel D" first="Douglas P." last="Kiel">Douglas P. Kiel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inst for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Dept of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Inst for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Dept of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang Sattler, Rui" sort="Wang Sattler, Rui" uniqKey="Wang Sattler R" first="Rui" last="Wang-Sattler">Rui Wang-Sattler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Visscher, Peter M" sort="Visscher, Peter M" uniqKey="Visscher P" first="Peter M." last="Visscher">Peter M. Visscher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wray, Naomi R" sort="Wray, Naomi R" uniqKey="Wray N" first="Naomi R." last="Wray">Naomi R. Wray</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starr, John M" sort="Starr, John M" uniqKey="Starr J" first="John M." last="Starr">John M. Starr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A28">Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Jingzhong" sort="Ding, Jingzhong" uniqKey="Ding J" first="Jingzhong" last="Ding">Jingzhong Ding</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A29">Dept of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Carlos J" sort="Rodriguez, Carlos J" uniqKey="Rodriguez C" first="Carlos J." last="Rodriguez">Carlos J. Rodriguez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Irvin, Marguerite R" sort="Irvin, Marguerite R" uniqKey="Irvin M" first="Marguerite R." last="Irvin">Marguerite R. Irvin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Alabama</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhi, Degui" sort="Zhi, Degui" uniqKey="Zhi D" first="Degui" last="Zhi">Degui Zhi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A30">School of Biomedical Informatics & School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>School of Biomedical Informatics & School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrdahl, Myrto" sort="Barrdahl, Myrto" uniqKey="Barrdahl M" first="Myrto" last="Barrdahl">Myrto Barrdahl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">MRC/PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC/PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Imperial College London</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A33">HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>HuGeF Foundation, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ambatipudi, Srikant" sort="Ambatipudi, Srikant" uniqKey="Ambatipudi S" first="Srikant" last="Ambatipudi">Srikant Ambatipudi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A34">Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Joel" sort="Schwartz, Joel" uniqKey="Schwartz J" first="Joel" last="Schwartz">Joel Schwartz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Colicino, Elena" sort="Colicino, Elena" uniqKey="Colicino E" first="Elena" last="Colicino">Elena Colicino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hou, Lifang" sort="Hou, Lifang" uniqKey="Hou L" first="Lifang" last="Hou">Lifang Hou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A36">Dept of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univ, Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vokonas, Pantel S" sort="Vokonas, Pantel S" uniqKey="Vokonas P" first="Pantel S." last="Vokonas">Pantel S. Vokonas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A37">VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System & Dept of Medicine, Boston Univ School of Medicine, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System & Dept of Medicine, Boston Univ School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena G" sort="Hernandez, Dena G" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena G." last="Hernandez">Dena G. Hernandez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A38">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singleton, Andrew B" sort="Singleton, Andrew B" uniqKey="Singleton A" first="Andrew B." last="Singleton">Andrew B. Singleton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A38">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Florence</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Stephen T" sort="Turner, Stephen T" uniqKey="Turner S" first="Stephen T." last="Turner">Stephen T. Turner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A40">Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ware, Erin B" sort="Ware, Erin B" uniqKey="Ware E" first="Erin B." last="Ware">Erin B. Ware</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A41">Research Center for Group Dynamics, Inst for Social Research, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Research Center for Group Dynamics, Inst for Social Research, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Alicia K" sort="Smith, Alicia K" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Alicia K." last="Smith">Alicia K. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A42">Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klengel, Torsten" sort="Klengel, Torsten" uniqKey="Klengel T" first="Torsten" last="Klengel">Torsten Klengel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Binder, Elisabeth B" sort="Binder, Elisabeth B" uniqKey="Binder E" first="Elisabeth B." last="Binder">Elisabeth B. Binder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M." last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Kent D" sort="Taylor, Kent D" uniqKey="Taylor K" first="Kent D." last="Taylor">Kent D. Taylor</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Division of Genomic Outcomes, Dept of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Torrance</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A49">Depts of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Depts of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gharib, Sina A" sort="Gharib, Sina A" uniqKey="Gharib S" first="Sina A." last="Gharib">Sina A. Gharib</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A50">Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swenson, Brenton R" sort="Swenson, Brenton R" uniqKey="Swenson B" first="Brenton R." last="Swenson">Brenton R. Swenson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liang, Liming" sort="Liang, Liming" uniqKey="Liang L" first="Liming" last="Liang">Liming Liang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Harvard School of Public Health</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demeo, Dawn L" sort="Demeo, Dawn L" uniqKey="Demeo D" first="Dawn L." last="Demeo">Dawn L. Demeo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Harvard Medical School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Connor, George T" sort="O Connor, George T" uniqKey="O Connor G" first="George T." last="O'Connor">George T. O'Connor</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Boston Univ School of Medicine</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herceg, Zdenko" sort="Herceg, Zdenko" uniqKey="Herceg Z" first="Zdenko" last="Herceg">Zdenko Herceg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ressler, Kerry J" sort="Ressler, Kerry J" uniqKey="Ressler K" first="Kerry J." last="Ressler">Kerry J. Ressler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A42">Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Dept of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Harvard Medical School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conneely, Karen N" sort="Conneely, Karen N" uniqKey="Conneely K" first="Karen N." last="Conneely">Karen N. Conneely</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A55">Dept of Human Genetics, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Human Genetics, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sotoodehnia, Nona" sort="Sotoodehnia, Nona" uniqKey="Sotoodehnia N" first="Nona" last="Sotoodehnia">Nona Sotoodehnia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A56">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kardia, Sharon L R" sort="Kardia, Sharon L R" uniqKey="Kardia S" first="Sharon L. R." last="Kardia">Sharon L. R. Kardia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melzer, David" sort="Melzer, David" uniqKey="Melzer D" first="David" last="Melzer">David Melzer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Epidemiology & Public Health Group, Inst of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Univ of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology & Public Health Group, Inst of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Univ of Exeter Medical School, Exeter</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Exeter</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baccarelli, Andrea A" sort="Baccarelli, Andrea A" uniqKey="Baccarelli A" first="Andrea A." last="Baccarelli">Andrea A. Baccarelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A57">Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Meurs, Joyce B J" sort="Van Meurs, Joyce B J" uniqKey="Van Meurs J" first="Joyce B. J." last="Van Meurs">Joyce B. J. Van Meurs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romieu, Isabelle" sort="Romieu, Isabelle" uniqKey="Romieu I" first="Isabelle" last="Romieu">Isabelle Romieu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arnett, Donna K" sort="Arnett, Donna K" uniqKey="Arnett D" first="Donna K." last="Arnett">Donna K. Arnett</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Alabama</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waldenberger, Melanie" sort="Waldenberger, Melanie" uniqKey="Waldenberger M" first="Melanie" last="Waldenberger">Melanie Waldenberger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A12">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deary, Ian J" sort="Deary, Ian J" uniqKey="Deary I" first="Ian J." last="Deary">Ian J. Deary</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A58">Dept of Psychology, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dept of Psychology, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fornage, Myriam" sort="Fornage, Myriam" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="Myriam" last="Fornage">Myriam Fornage</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levy, Daniel" sort="Levy, Daniel" uniqKey="Levy D" first="Daniel" last="Levy">Daniel Levy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="London, Stephanie J" sort="London, Stephanie J" uniqKey="London S" first="Stephanie J." last="London">Stephanie J. London</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A60">Epidemiology Branch, National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences, National Insts of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Epidemiology Branch, National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences, National Insts of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1942-325X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1942-3268</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P3">DNA methylation leaves a long-term signature of smoking exposure and is one potential mechanism by which tobacco exposure predisposes to adverse health outcomes, such as cancers, osteoporosis, lung, and cardiovascular disorders.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods and Results</title>
<p id="P4">To comprehensively determine the association between cigarette smoking and DNA methylation, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation assessed using the Illumina BeadChip 450K array on 15,907 blood derived DNA samples from participants in 16 cohorts (including 2,433 current, 6,518 former, and 6,956 never smokers). Comparing current versus never smokers, 2,623 CpG sites (CpGs), annotated to 1,405 genes, were statistically significantly differentially methylated at Bonferroni threshold of p<1×10<sup>−7</sup>
(18,760 CpGs at False Discovery Rate (FDR)<0.05). Genes annotated to these CpGs were enriched for associations with several smoking-related traits in genome-wide studies including pulmonary function, cancers, inflammatory diseases and heart disease. Comparing former versus never smokers, 185 of the CpGs that differed between current and never smokers were significant p<1×10<sup>−7</sup>
(2,623 CpGs at FDR<0.05), indicating a pattern of persistent altered methylation, with attenuation, after smoking cessation. Transcriptomic integration identified effects on gene expression at many differentially methylated CpGs.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">Cigarette smoking has a broad impact on genome-wide methylation that, at many loci, persists many years after smoking cessation. Many of the differentially methylated genes were novel genes with respect to biologic effects of smoking, and might represent therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment of tobacco-related diseases. Methylation at these sites could also serve as sensitive and stable biomarkers of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101489144</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">35623</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Circ Cardiovasc Genet</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Circ Cardiovasc Genet</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1942-325X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1942-3268</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27651444</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5267325</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.116.001506</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS817273</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Epigenetic Signatures of Cigarette Smoking</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Joehanes</surname>
<given-names>Roby</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Just</surname>
<given-names>Allan C.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marioni</surname>
<given-names>Riccardo E.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pilling</surname>
<given-names>Luke C.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reynolds</surname>
<given-names>Lindsay M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mandaviya</surname>
<given-names>Pooja R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guan</surname>
<given-names>Weihua</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Tao</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elks</surname>
<given-names>Cathy E.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aslibekyan</surname>
<given-names>Stella</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moreno-Macias</surname>
<given-names>Hortensia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>ScD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Jennifer A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD, MPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brody</surname>
<given-names>Jennifer A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BA</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dhingra</surname>
<given-names>Radhika</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yousefi</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pankow</surname>
<given-names>James S.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kunze</surname>
<given-names>Sonja</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shah</surname>
<given-names>Sonia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McRae</surname>
<given-names>Allan F.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lohman</surname>
<given-names>Kurt</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MStat</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sha</surname>
<given-names>Jin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Absher</surname>
<given-names>Devin M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferrucci</surname>
<given-names>Luigi</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Wei</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demerath</surname>
<given-names>Ellen W.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bressler</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grove</surname>
<given-names>Megan L.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huan</surname>
<given-names>Tianxiao</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Chunyu</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mendelson</surname>
<given-names>Michael M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yao</surname>
<given-names>Chen</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kiel</surname>
<given-names>Douglas P.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname>
<given-names>Annette</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang-Sattler</surname>
<given-names>Rui</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Visscher</surname>
<given-names>Peter M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wray</surname>
<given-names>Naomi R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Starr</surname>
<given-names>John M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ding</surname>
<given-names>Jingzhong</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>Carlos J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wareham</surname>
<given-names>Nicholas J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Irvin</surname>
<given-names>Marguerite R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhi</surname>
<given-names>Degui</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barrdahl</surname>
<given-names>Myrto</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vineis</surname>
<given-names>Paolo</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A32">32</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A33">33</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ambatipudi</surname>
<given-names>Srikant</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD, MPH, FFPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uitterlinden</surname>
<given-names>André G.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hofman</surname>
<given-names>Albert</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>Joel</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colicino</surname>
<given-names>Elena</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hou</surname>
<given-names>Lifang</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A36">36</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vokonas</surname>
<given-names>Pantel S.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hernandez</surname>
<given-names>Dena G.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A38">38</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singleton</surname>
<given-names>Andrew B.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A38">38</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bandinelli</surname>
<given-names>Stefania</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>Stephen T.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ware</surname>
<given-names>Erin B.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD, MPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Alicia K.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klengel</surname>
<given-names>Torsten</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Binder</surname>
<given-names>Elisabeth B.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Psaty</surname>
<given-names>Bruce M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A47">47</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>Kent D.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A47">47</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A49">49</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gharib</surname>
<given-names>Sina A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A50">50</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swenson</surname>
<given-names>Brenton R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPP</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liang</surname>
<given-names>Liming</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A51">51</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>DeMeo</surname>
<given-names>Dawn L.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A52">52</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O'Connor</surname>
<given-names>George T.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MS</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Herceg</surname>
<given-names>Zdenko</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DVM, MSc, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ressler</surname>
<given-names>Kerry J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A54">54</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Conneely</surname>
<given-names>Karen N.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A55">55</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sotoodehnia</surname>
<given-names>Nona</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A56">56</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kardia</surname>
<given-names>Sharon L. R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Melzer</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBCh, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baccarelli</surname>
<given-names>Andrea A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Meurs</surname>
<given-names>Joyce B. J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romieu</surname>
<given-names>Isabelle</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, ScD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arnett</surname>
<given-names>Donna K.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ong</surname>
<given-names>Ken K.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MB BChir, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yongmei</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waldenberger</surname>
<given-names>Melanie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deary</surname>
<given-names>Ian J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A58">58</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fornage</surname>
<given-names>Myriam</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levy</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>London</surname>
<given-names>Stephanie J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, DrPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A60">60</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">**</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Inst for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Dept of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Dept of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Inst of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Queensland Brain Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Epidemiology & Public Health Group, Inst of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Univ of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Dept of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Division of Biostatistics, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN</aff>
<aff id="A12"><label>12</label>
Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Inst of Epidemiology II, Helmhotz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A13"><label>13</label>
MRC Epidemiology Unit, Inst of Metabolic Science, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A14"><label>14</label>
Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL</aff>
<aff id="A15"><label>15</label>
Autonomous Metropolitan Univ-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico</aff>
<aff id="A16"><label>16</label>
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France</aff>
<aff id="A17"><label>17</label>
Dept of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</aff>
<aff id="A18"><label>18</label>
Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept of Medicine, Epidemiology, & Health Services, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</aff>
<aff id="A19"><label>19</label>
Dept of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA</aff>
<aff id="A20"><label>20</label>
School of Public Health, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA</aff>
<aff id="A21"><label>21</label>
Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN</aff>
<aff id="A22"><label>22</label>
Univ of Queensland Diamantina Inst, Translational Research Inst, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A23"><label>23</label>
Dept of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC</aff>
<aff id="A24"><label>24</label>
HudsonAlpha Inst for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL</aff>
<aff id="A25"><label>25</label>
Clinical Research Branch, National Inst on Aging, Baltimore, MD</aff>
<aff id="A26"><label>26</label>
Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</aff>
<aff id="A27"><label>27</label>
Children's Hospital, Boston, MA</aff>
<aff id="A28"><label>28</label>
Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff>
<aff id="A29"><label>29</label>
Dept of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC</aff>
<aff id="A30"><label>30</label>
School of Biomedical Informatics & School of Public Health, The Univ of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX</aff>
<aff id="A31"><label>31</label>
Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A32"><label>32</label>
MRC/PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A33"><label>33</label>
HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A34"><label>34</label>
Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A35"><label>35</label>
Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</aff>
<aff id="A36"><label>36</label>
Dept of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL</aff>
<aff id="A37"><label>37</label>
VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System & Dept of Medicine, Boston Univ School of Medicine, Boston, MA</aff>
<aff id="A38"><label>38</label>
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Inst on Aging, National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD</aff>
<aff id="A39"><label>39</label>
Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A40"><label>40</label>
Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN</aff>
<aff id="A41"><label>41</label>
Research Center for Group Dynamics, Inst for Social Research, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</aff>
<aff id="A42"><label>42</label>
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</aff>
<aff id="A43"><label>43</label>
Dept of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Inst of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A44"><label>44</label>
Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA</aff>
<aff id="A45"><label>45</label>
Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</aff>
<aff id="A46"><label>46</label>
Group Health Research Inst, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA</aff>
<aff id="A47"><label>47</label>
Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Inst</aff>
<aff id="A48"><label>48</label>
Division of Genomic Outcomes, Dept of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance</aff>
<aff id="A49"><label>49</label>
Depts of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA</aff>
<aff id="A50"><label>50</label>
Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</aff>
<aff id="A51"><label>51</label>
Harvard School of Public Health</aff>
<aff id="A52"><label>52</label>
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</aff>
<aff id="A53"><label>53</label>
Boston Univ School of Medicine</aff>
<aff id="A54"><label>54</label>
Dept of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School</aff>
<aff id="A55"><label>55</label>
Dept of Human Genetics, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA</aff>
<aff id="A56"><label>56</label>
Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA</aff>
<aff id="A57"><label>57</label>
Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</aff>
<aff id="A58"><label>58</label>
Dept of Psychology, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff>
<aff id="A60"><label>60</label>
Epidemiology Branch, National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences, National Insts of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Correspondence:</bold>
Stephanie J. London, MD, DrPH, NIEHS, NIH, Epidemiology Branch, PO Box 12233, Rm A306, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, Tel: 919-541-5772, Fax: 301-480-3290, <email>london2@niehs.nih.gov</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label>
<p id="P1">contributed equally as first authors</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN2"><label>**</label>
<p id="P2">senior authors</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>3</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>436</fpage>
<lpage>447</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.116.001506</pmc-comment>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P3">DNA methylation leaves a long-term signature of smoking exposure and is one potential mechanism by which tobacco exposure predisposes to adverse health outcomes, such as cancers, osteoporosis, lung, and cardiovascular disorders.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods and Results</title>
<p id="P4">To comprehensively determine the association between cigarette smoking and DNA methylation, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation assessed using the Illumina BeadChip 450K array on 15,907 blood derived DNA samples from participants in 16 cohorts (including 2,433 current, 6,518 former, and 6,956 never smokers). Comparing current versus never smokers, 2,623 CpG sites (CpGs), annotated to 1,405 genes, were statistically significantly differentially methylated at Bonferroni threshold of p<1×10<sup>−7</sup>
(18,760 CpGs at False Discovery Rate (FDR)<0.05). Genes annotated to these CpGs were enriched for associations with several smoking-related traits in genome-wide studies including pulmonary function, cancers, inflammatory diseases and heart disease. Comparing former versus never smokers, 185 of the CpGs that differed between current and never smokers were significant p<1×10<sup>−7</sup>
(2,623 CpGs at FDR<0.05), indicating a pattern of persistent altered methylation, with attenuation, after smoking cessation. Transcriptomic integration identified effects on gene expression at many differentially methylated CpGs.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">Cigarette smoking has a broad impact on genome-wide methylation that, at many loci, persists many years after smoking cessation. Many of the differentially methylated genes were novel genes with respect to biologic effects of smoking, and might represent therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment of tobacco-related diseases. Methylation at these sites could also serve as sensitive and stable biomarkers of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>epigenetics</kwd>
<kwd>smoking</kwd>
<kwd>biomarker</kwd>
<kwd>Genome Wide Association Study</kwd>
<kwd>meta-analysis</kwd>
<kwd>methylation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Mexique</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Alabama</li>
<li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>Bavière</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Caroline du Nord</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>District de Karlsruhe</li>
<li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li>
<li>Hollande-Méridionale</li>
<li>Illinois</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Michigan</li>
<li>Minnesota</li>
<li>Piémont</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Texas</li>
<li>Washington (État)</li>
<li>Écosse</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Boston</li>
<li>Heidelberg</li>
<li>Lyon</li>
<li>Munich</li>
<li>Rotterdam</li>
<li>Turin</li>
<li>Édimbourg</li>
</settlement>
</list>
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<name sortKey="O Connor, George T" sort="O Connor, George T" uniqKey="O Connor G" first="George T." last="O'Connor">George T. O'Connor</name>
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</region>
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<name sortKey="Demerath, Ellen W" sort="Demerath, Ellen W" uniqKey="Demerath E" first="Ellen W." last="Demerath">Ellen W. Demerath</name>
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<name sortKey="Fornage, Myriam" sort="Fornage, Myriam" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="Myriam" last="Fornage">Myriam Fornage</name>
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<name sortKey="Grove, Megan L" sort="Grove, Megan L" uniqKey="Grove M" first="Megan L." last="Grove">Megan L. Grove</name>
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<name sortKey="Ressler, Kerry J" sort="Ressler, Kerry J" uniqKey="Ressler K" first="Kerry J." last="Ressler">Kerry J. Ressler</name>
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<name sortKey="Sha, Jin" sort="Sha, Jin" uniqKey="Sha J" first="Jin" last="Sha">Jin Sha</name>
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<name sortKey="Smith, Jennifer A" sort="Smith, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Smith J" first="Jennifer A." last="Smith">Jennifer A. Smith</name>
<name sortKey="Sotoodehnia, Nona" sort="Sotoodehnia, Nona" uniqKey="Sotoodehnia N" first="Nona" last="Sotoodehnia">Nona Sotoodehnia</name>
<name sortKey="Swenson, Brenton R" sort="Swenson, Brenton R" uniqKey="Swenson B" first="Brenton R." last="Swenson">Brenton R. Swenson</name>
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<name sortKey="Vokonas, Pantel S" sort="Vokonas, Pantel S" uniqKey="Vokonas P" first="Pantel S." last="Vokonas">Pantel S. Vokonas</name>
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<name sortKey="Ware, Erin B" sort="Ware, Erin B" uniqKey="Ware E" first="Erin B." last="Ware">Erin B. Ware</name>
<name sortKey="Yao, Chen" sort="Yao, Chen" uniqKey="Yao C" first="Chen" last="Yao">Chen Yao</name>
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<country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Écosse"><name sortKey="Marioni, Riccardo E" sort="Marioni, Riccardo E" uniqKey="Marioni R" first="Riccardo E." last="Marioni">Riccardo E. Marioni</name>
</region>
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<name sortKey="Elks, Cathy E" sort="Elks, Cathy E" uniqKey="Elks C" first="Cathy E." last="Elks">Cathy E. Elks</name>
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<name sortKey="Melzer, David" sort="Melzer, David" uniqKey="Melzer D" first="David" last="Melzer">David Melzer</name>
<name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name>
<name sortKey="Pilling, Luke C" sort="Pilling, Luke C" uniqKey="Pilling L" first="Luke C." last="Pilling">Luke C. Pilling</name>
<name sortKey="Starr, John M" sort="Starr, John M" uniqKey="Starr J" first="John M." last="Starr">John M. Starr</name>
<name sortKey="Starr, John M" sort="Starr, John M" uniqKey="Starr J" first="John M." last="Starr">John M. Starr</name>
<name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name>
<name sortKey="Visscher, Peter M" sort="Visscher, Peter M" uniqKey="Visscher P" first="Peter M." last="Visscher">Peter M. Visscher</name>
<name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name>
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<name sortKey="Shah, Sonia" sort="Shah, Sonia" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sonia" last="Shah">Sonia Shah</name>
<name sortKey="Shah, Sonia" sort="Shah, Sonia" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sonia" last="Shah">Sonia Shah</name>
<name sortKey="Visscher, Peter M" sort="Visscher, Peter M" uniqKey="Visscher P" first="Peter M." last="Visscher">Peter M. Visscher</name>
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<name sortKey="Wang Sattler, Rui" sort="Wang Sattler, Rui" uniqKey="Wang Sattler R" first="Rui" last="Wang-Sattler">Rui Wang-Sattler</name>
</country>
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</noRegion>
</country>
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</region>
<name sortKey="Ambatipudi, Srikant" sort="Ambatipudi, Srikant" uniqKey="Ambatipudi S" first="Srikant" last="Ambatipudi">Srikant Ambatipudi</name>
<name sortKey="Herceg, Zdenko" sort="Herceg, Zdenko" uniqKey="Herceg Z" first="Zdenko" last="Herceg">Zdenko Herceg</name>
<name sortKey="Romieu, Isabelle" sort="Romieu, Isabelle" uniqKey="Romieu I" first="Isabelle" last="Romieu">Isabelle Romieu</name>
</country>
<country name="Italie"><region name="Piémont"><name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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