A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Identifieur interne : 003848 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003847; suivant : 003849A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Auteurs : Laura N. Vandenberg [États-Unis] ; Marlene Gerstrand [Suède] ; Anna Beronius [Suède] ; Claire Beausoleil [France] ; Ke Bergman [Suède] ; Lisa A. Bero [Australie] ; Carl-Gustaf Bornehag [Suède, États-Unis] ; C. Scott Boyer [Suède] ; Glinda S. Cooper [États-Unis] ; Ian Cotgreave [Suède] ; David Gee [Royaume-Uni] ; Philippe Grandjean [Danemark] ; Kathryn Z. Guyton [France] ; Ulla Hass [Danemark] ; Jerrold J. Heindel [États-Unis] ; Susan Jobling [Royaume-Uni] ; Karen A. Kidd ; Andreas Kortenkamp [Royaume-Uni] ; Malcolm R. Macleod [Royaume-Uni] ; Olwenn V. Martin [Royaume-Uni] ; Ulf Norinder [Suède] ; Martin Scheringer [Suisse] ; Kristina A. Thayer [États-Unis] ; Jorma Toppari [Finlande] ; Paul Whaley [Royaume-Uni] ; Tracey J. Woodruff [États-Unis] ; Christina Rudén [Suède]Source :
- Environmental Health [ 1476-069X ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , toxicity : Endocrine Disruptors, Environmental Pollutants.
- methods : Risk Assessment.
- Animals, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Toxicity Tests.
Abstract
The issue of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is receiving wide attention from both the scientific and regulatory communities. Recent analyses of the EDC literature have been criticized for failing to use transparent and objective approaches to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence linking EDC exposures to adverse health or environmental outcomes. Systematic review methodologies are ideal for addressing this issue as they provide transparent and consistent approaches to study selection and evaluation. Objective methods are needed for integrating the multiple streams of evidence (epidemiology, wildlife, laboratory animal, in vitro, and
We have developed a framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of EDC studies. The framework was designed for use with the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an EDC, which requires appraisal of evidence regarding 1) association between exposure and an adverse effect, 2) association between exposure and endocrine disrupting activity, and 3) a plausible link between the adverse effect and the endocrine disrupting activity.
Building from existing methodologies for evaluating and synthesizing evidence, the SYRINA framework includes seven steps: 1) Formulate the problem; 2) Develop the review protocol; 3) Identify relevant evidence; 4) Evaluate evidence from individual studies; 5) Summarize and evaluate each stream of evidence; 6) Integrate evidence across all streams; 7) Draw conclusions, make recommendations, and evaluate uncertainties. The proposed method is tailored to the IPCS/WHO definition of an EDC but offers flexibility for use in the context of other definitions of EDCs.
When using the SYRINA framework, the overall objective is to provide the evidence base needed to support decision making, including any action to avoid/minimise potential adverse effects of exposures. This framework allows for the evaluation and synthesis of evidence from multiple evidence streams. Finally, a decision regarding regulatory action is not only dependent on the strength of evidence, but also the consequences of action/inaction, e.g. limited or weak evidence may be sufficient to justify action if consequences are serious or irreversible.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0156-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0156-6
PubMed: 27412149
PubMed Central: 4944316
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PMC:4944316Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals</title>
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<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Bero, Lisa A" sort="Bero, Lisa A" uniqKey="Bero L" first="Lisa A." last="Bero">Lisa A. Bero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bornehag, Carl Gustaf" sort="Bornehag, Carl Gustaf" uniqKey="Bornehag C" first="Carl-Gustaf" last="Bornehag">Carl-Gustaf Bornehag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Karlstad</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boyer, C Scott" sort="Boyer, C Scott" uniqKey="Boyer C" first="C. Scott" last="Boyer">C. Scott Boyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Södertälje</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Glinda S" sort="Cooper, Glinda S" uniqKey="Cooper G" first="Glinda S." last="Cooper">Glinda S. Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotgreave, Ian" sort="Cotgreave, Ian" uniqKey="Cotgreave I" first="Ian" last="Cotgreave">Ian Cotgreave</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Södertälje</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gee, David" sort="Gee, David" uniqKey="Gee D" first="David" last="Gee">David Gee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grandjean, Philippe" sort="Grandjean, Philippe" uniqKey="Grandjean P" first="Philippe" last="Grandjean">Philippe Grandjean</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Odense</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kathryn Z" sort="Guyton, Kathryn Z" uniqKey="Guyton K" first="Kathryn Z." last="Guyton">Kathryn Z. Guyton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hass, Ulla" sort="Hass, Ulla" uniqKey="Hass U" first="Ulla" last="Hass">Ulla Hass</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Søborg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heindel, Jerrold J" sort="Heindel, Jerrold J" uniqKey="Heindel J" first="Jerrold J." last="Heindel">Jerrold J. Heindel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park, NC USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jobling, Susan" sort="Jobling, Susan" uniqKey="Jobling S" first="Susan" last="Jobling">Susan Jobling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kidd, Karen A" sort="Kidd, Karen A" uniqKey="Kidd K" first="Karen A." last="Kidd">Karen A. Kidd</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Biology Department and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">New Brunswick Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kortenkamp, Andreas" sort="Kortenkamp, Andreas" uniqKey="Kortenkamp A" first="Andreas" last="Kortenkamp">Andreas Kortenkamp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macleod, Malcolm R" sort="Macleod, Malcolm R" uniqKey="Macleod M" first="Malcolm R." last="Macleod">Malcolm R. Macleod</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Olwenn V" sort="Martin, Olwenn V" uniqKey="Martin O" first="Olwenn V." last="Martin">Olwenn V. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Norinder, Ulf" sort="Norinder, Ulf" uniqKey="Norinder U" first="Ulf" last="Norinder">Ulf Norinder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Södertälje</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheringer, Martin" sort="Scheringer, Martin" uniqKey="Scheringer M" first="Martin" last="Scheringer">Martin Scheringer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thayer, Kristina A" sort="Thayer, Kristina A" uniqKey="Thayer K" first="Kristina A." last="Thayer">Kristina A. Thayer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toppari, Jorma" sort="Toppari, Jorma" uniqKey="Toppari J" first="Jorma" last="Toppari">Jorma Toppari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region>
<settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whaley, Paul" sort="Whaley, Paul" uniqKey="Whaley P" first="Paul" last="Whaley">Paul Whaley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lancaster</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodruff, Tracey J" sort="Woodruff, Tracey J" uniqKey="Woodruff T" first="Tracey J." last="Woodruff">Tracey J. Woodruff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff22">School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruden, Christina" sort="Ruden, Christina" uniqKey="Ruden C" first="Christina" last="Rudén">Christina Rudén</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Environmental Health</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-069X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Endocrine Disruptors (toxicity)</term>
<term>Environmental Exposure</term>
<term>Environmental Pollutants (toxicity)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Models, Theoretical</term>
<term>Risk Assessment (methods)</term>
<term>Toxicity Tests</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Exposition environnementale</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Modèles théoriques</term>
<term>Perturbateurs endocriniens (toxicité)</term>
<term>Polluants environnementaux (toxicité)</term>
<term>Tests de toxicité</term>
<term>Évaluation des risques ()</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Endocrine Disruptors</term>
<term>Environmental Pollutants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Risk Assessment</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Perturbateurs endocriniens</term>
<term>Polluants environnementaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Environmental Exposure</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Models, Theoretical</term>
<term>Toxicity Tests</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Exposition environnementale</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Modèles théoriques</term>
<term>Tests de toxicité</term>
<term>Évaluation des risques</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>The issue of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is receiving wide attention from both the scientific and regulatory communities. Recent analyses of the EDC literature have been criticized for failing to use transparent and objective approaches to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence linking EDC exposures to adverse health or environmental outcomes. Systematic review methodologies are ideal for addressing this issue as they provide transparent and consistent approaches to study selection and evaluation. Objective methods are needed for integrating the multiple streams of evidence (epidemiology, wildlife, laboratory animal, in vitro, and <italic>in silico</italic>
data) that are relevant in assessing EDCs.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We have developed a framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of EDC studies. The framework was designed for use with the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an EDC, which requires appraisal of evidence regarding 1) association between exposure and an adverse effect, 2) association between exposure and endocrine disrupting activity, and 3) a plausible link between the adverse effect and the endocrine disrupting activity.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Building from existing methodologies for evaluating and synthesizing evidence, the SYRINA framework includes seven steps: 1) Formulate the problem; 2) Develop the review protocol; 3) Identify relevant evidence; 4) Evaluate evidence from individual studies; 5) Summarize and evaluate each stream of evidence; 6) Integrate evidence across all streams; 7) Draw conclusions, make recommendations, and evaluate uncertainties. The proposed method is tailored to the IPCS/WHO definition of an EDC but offers flexibility for use in the context of other definitions of EDCs.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>When using the SYRINA framework, the overall objective is to provide the evidence base needed to support decision making, including any action to avoid/minimise potential adverse effects of exposures. This framework allows for the evaluation and synthesis of evidence from multiple evidence streams. Finally, a decision regarding regulatory action is not only dependent on the strength of evidence, but also the consequences of action/inaction, e.g. limited or weak evidence may be sufficient to justify action if consequences are serious or irreversible.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0156-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kathryn Z" sort="Guyton, Kathryn Z" uniqKey="Guyton K" first="Kathryn Z." last="Guyton">Kathryn Z. Guyton</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Heindel, Jerrold J" sort="Heindel, Jerrold J" uniqKey="Heindel J" first="Jerrold J." last="Heindel">Jerrold J. Heindel</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jobling, Susan" sort="Jobling, Susan" uniqKey="Jobling S" first="Susan" last="Jobling">Susan Jobling</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kidd, Karen A" sort="Kidd, Karen A" uniqKey="Kidd K" first="Karen A." last="Kidd">Karen A. Kidd</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kortenkamp, Andreas" sort="Kortenkamp, Andreas" uniqKey="Kortenkamp A" first="Andreas" last="Kortenkamp">Andreas Kortenkamp</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Macleod, Malcolm R" sort="Macleod, Malcolm R" uniqKey="Macleod M" first="Malcolm R." last="Macleod">Malcolm R. Macleod</name>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Olwenn V" sort="Martin, Olwenn V" uniqKey="Martin O" first="Olwenn V." last="Martin">Olwenn V. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Norinder, Ulf" sort="Norinder, Ulf" uniqKey="Norinder U" first="Ulf" last="Norinder">Ulf Norinder</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheringer, Martin" sort="Scheringer, Martin" uniqKey="Scheringer M" first="Martin" last="Scheringer">Martin Scheringer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thayer, Kristina A" sort="Thayer, Kristina A" uniqKey="Thayer K" first="Kristina A." last="Thayer">Kristina A. Thayer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA</nlm:aff>
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<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toppari, Jorma" sort="Toppari, Jorma" uniqKey="Toppari J" first="Jorma" last="Toppari">Jorma Toppari</name>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Whaley, Paul" sort="Whaley, Paul" uniqKey="Whaley P" first="Paul" last="Whaley">Paul Whaley</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Woodruff, Tracey J" sort="Woodruff, Tracey J" uniqKey="Woodruff T" first="Tracey J." last="Woodruff">Tracey J. Woodruff</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruden, Christina" sort="Ruden, Christina" uniqKey="Ruden C" first="Christina" last="Rudén">Christina Rudén</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals</title>
<author><name sortKey="Vandenberg, Laura N" sort="Vandenberg, Laura N" uniqKey="Vandenberg L" first="Laura N." last="Vandenberg">Laura N. Vandenberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey=" Gerstrand, Marlene" sort=" Gerstrand, Marlene" uniqKey=" Gerstrand M" first="Marlene" last=" Gerstrand">Marlene Gerstrand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beronius, Anna" sort="Beronius, Anna" uniqKey="Beronius A" first="Anna" last="Beronius">Anna Beronius</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beausoleil, Claire" sort="Beausoleil, Claire" uniqKey="Beausoleil C" first="Claire" last="Beausoleil">Claire Beausoleil</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergman, Ke" sort="Bergman, Ke" uniqKey="Bergman " first=" Ke" last="Bergman"> Ke Bergman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bero, Lisa A" sort="Bero, Lisa A" uniqKey="Bero L" first="Lisa A." last="Bero">Lisa A. Bero</name>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Bornehag, Carl Gustaf" sort="Bornehag, Carl Gustaf" uniqKey="Bornehag C" first="Carl-Gustaf" last="Bornehag">Carl-Gustaf Bornehag</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA</nlm:aff>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Boyer, C Scott" sort="Boyer, C Scott" uniqKey="Boyer C" first="C. Scott" last="Boyer">C. Scott Boyer</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Glinda S" sort="Cooper, Glinda S" uniqKey="Cooper G" first="Glinda S." last="Cooper">Glinda S. Cooper</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cotgreave, Ian" sort="Cotgreave, Ian" uniqKey="Cotgreave I" first="Ian" last="Cotgreave">Ian Cotgreave</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gee, David" sort="Gee, David" uniqKey="Gee D" first="David" last="Gee">David Gee</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Grandjean, Philippe" sort="Grandjean, Philippe" uniqKey="Grandjean P" first="Philippe" last="Grandjean">Philippe Grandjean</name>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kathryn Z" sort="Guyton, Kathryn Z" uniqKey="Guyton K" first="Kathryn Z." last="Guyton">Kathryn Z. Guyton</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hass, Ulla" sort="Hass, Ulla" uniqKey="Hass U" first="Ulla" last="Hass">Ulla Hass</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Heindel, Jerrold J" sort="Heindel, Jerrold J" uniqKey="Heindel J" first="Jerrold J." last="Heindel">Jerrold J. Heindel</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jobling, Susan" sort="Jobling, Susan" uniqKey="Jobling S" first="Susan" last="Jobling">Susan Jobling</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kidd, Karen A" sort="Kidd, Karen A" uniqKey="Kidd K" first="Karen A." last="Kidd">Karen A. Kidd</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kortenkamp, Andreas" sort="Kortenkamp, Andreas" uniqKey="Kortenkamp A" first="Andreas" last="Kortenkamp">Andreas Kortenkamp</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Macleod, Malcolm R" sort="Macleod, Malcolm R" uniqKey="Macleod M" first="Malcolm R." last="Macleod">Malcolm R. Macleod</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Olwenn V" sort="Martin, Olwenn V" uniqKey="Martin O" first="Olwenn V." last="Martin">Olwenn V. Martin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Norinder, Ulf" sort="Norinder, Ulf" uniqKey="Norinder U" first="Ulf" last="Norinder">Ulf Norinder</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheringer, Martin" sort="Scheringer, Martin" uniqKey="Scheringer M" first="Martin" last="Scheringer">Martin Scheringer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thayer, Kristina A" sort="Thayer, Kristina A" uniqKey="Thayer K" first="Kristina A." last="Thayer">Kristina A. Thayer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toppari, Jorma" sort="Toppari, Jorma" uniqKey="Toppari J" first="Jorma" last="Toppari">Jorma Toppari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region>
<settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whaley, Paul" sort="Whaley, Paul" uniqKey="Whaley P" first="Paul" last="Whaley">Paul Whaley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lancaster</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodruff, Tracey J" sort="Woodruff, Tracey J" uniqKey="Woodruff T" first="Tracey J." last="Woodruff">Tracey J. Woodruff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff22">School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruden, Christina" sort="Ruden, Christina" uniqKey="Ruden C" first="Christina" last="Rudén">Christina Rudén</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Environmental Health</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-069X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>The issue of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is receiving wide attention from both the scientific and regulatory communities. Recent analyses of the EDC literature have been criticized for failing to use transparent and objective approaches to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence linking EDC exposures to adverse health or environmental outcomes. Systematic review methodologies are ideal for addressing this issue as they provide transparent and consistent approaches to study selection and evaluation. Objective methods are needed for integrating the multiple streams of evidence (epidemiology, wildlife, laboratory animal, in vitro, and <italic>in silico</italic>
data) that are relevant in assessing EDCs.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We have developed a framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of EDC studies. The framework was designed for use with the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an EDC, which requires appraisal of evidence regarding 1) association between exposure and an adverse effect, 2) association between exposure and endocrine disrupting activity, and 3) a plausible link between the adverse effect and the endocrine disrupting activity.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Building from existing methodologies for evaluating and synthesizing evidence, the SYRINA framework includes seven steps: 1) Formulate the problem; 2) Develop the review protocol; 3) Identify relevant evidence; 4) Evaluate evidence from individual studies; 5) Summarize and evaluate each stream of evidence; 6) Integrate evidence across all streams; 7) Draw conclusions, make recommendations, and evaluate uncertainties. The proposed method is tailored to the IPCS/WHO definition of an EDC but offers flexibility for use in the context of other definitions of EDCs.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>When using the SYRINA framework, the overall objective is to provide the evidence base needed to support decision making, including any action to avoid/minimise potential adverse effects of exposures. This framework allows for the evaluation and synthesis of evidence from multiple evidence streams. Finally, a decision regarding regulatory action is not only dependent on the strength of evidence, but also the consequences of action/inaction, e.g. limited or weak evidence may be sufficient to justify action if consequences are serious or irreversible.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0156-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Vandenberg, Laura N" sort="Vandenberg, Laura N" uniqKey="Vandenberg L" first="Laura N" last="Vandenberg">Laura N. Vandenberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey=" Gerstrand, Marlene" sort=" Gerstrand, Marlene" uniqKey=" Gerstrand M" first="Marlene" last=" Gerstrand">Marlene Gerstrand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Beronius, Anna" sort="Beronius, Anna" uniqKey="Beronius A" first="Anna" last="Beronius">Anna Beronius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Beausoleil, Claire" sort="Beausoleil, Claire" uniqKey="Beausoleil C" first="Claire" last="Beausoleil">Claire Beausoleil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Maisons Alfort, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Maisons Alfort</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maisons Alfort</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Maisons Alfort</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Bergman, Ke" sort="Bergman, Ke" uniqKey="Bergman " first=" Ke" last="Bergman"> Ke Bergman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bero, Lisa A" sort="Bero, Lisa A" uniqKey="Bero L" first="Lisa A" last="Bero">Lisa A. Bero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bornehag, Carl Gustaf" sort="Bornehag, Carl Gustaf" uniqKey="Bornehag C" first="Carl-Gustaf" last="Bornehag">Carl-Gustaf Bornehag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Karlstad</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boyer, C Scott" sort="Boyer, C Scott" uniqKey="Boyer C" first="C Scott" last="Boyer">C Scott Boyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Södertälje</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Glinda S" sort="Cooper, Glinda S" uniqKey="Cooper G" first="Glinda S" last="Cooper">Glinda S. Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotgreave, Ian" sort="Cotgreave, Ian" uniqKey="Cotgreave I" first="Ian" last="Cotgreave">Ian Cotgreave</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Södertälje</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gee, David" sort="Gee, David" uniqKey="Gee D" first="David" last="Gee">David Gee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grandjean, Philippe" sort="Grandjean, Philippe" uniqKey="Grandjean P" first="Philippe" last="Grandjean">Philippe Grandjean</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Odense</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyton, Kathryn Z" sort="Guyton, Kathryn Z" uniqKey="Guyton K" first="Kathryn Z" last="Guyton">Kathryn Z. Guyton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hass, Ulla" sort="Hass, Ulla" uniqKey="Hass U" first="Ulla" last="Hass">Ulla Hass</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Søborg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heindel, Jerrold J" sort="Heindel, Jerrold J" uniqKey="Heindel J" first="Jerrold J" last="Heindel">Jerrold J. Heindel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park, NC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jobling, Susan" sort="Jobling, Susan" uniqKey="Jobling S" first="Susan" last="Jobling">Susan Jobling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kidd, Karen A" sort="Kidd, Karen A" uniqKey="Kidd K" first="Karen A" last="Kidd">Karen A. Kidd</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biology Department and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Biology Department and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Brunswick</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kortenkamp, Andreas" sort="Kortenkamp, Andreas" uniqKey="Kortenkamp A" first="Andreas" last="Kortenkamp">Andreas Kortenkamp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macleod, Malcolm R" sort="Macleod, Malcolm R" uniqKey="Macleod M" first="Malcolm R" last="Macleod">Malcolm R. Macleod</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Olwenn V" sort="Martin, Olwenn V" uniqKey="Martin O" first="Olwenn V" last="Martin">Olwenn V. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uxbridge</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Norinder, Ulf" sort="Norinder, Ulf" uniqKey="Norinder U" first="Ulf" last="Norinder">Ulf Norinder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Södertälje</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheringer, Martin" sort="Scheringer, Martin" uniqKey="Scheringer M" first="Martin" last="Scheringer">Martin Scheringer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thayer, Kristina A" sort="Thayer, Kristina A" uniqKey="Thayer K" first="Kristina A" last="Thayer">Kristina A. Thayer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toppari, Jorma" sort="Toppari, Jorma" uniqKey="Toppari J" first="Jorma" last="Toppari">Jorma Toppari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region>
<settlement type="city">Turku</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whaley, Paul" sort="Whaley, Paul" uniqKey="Whaley P" first="Paul" last="Whaley">Paul Whaley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lancaster</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodruff, Tracey J" sort="Woodruff, Tracey J" uniqKey="Woodruff T" first="Tracey J" last="Woodruff">Tracey J. Woodruff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruden, Christina" sort="Ruden, Christina" uniqKey="Ruden C" first="Christina" last="Rudén">Christina Rudén</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. christina.ruden@aces.su.se.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Environmental health : a global access science source</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-069X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Endocrine Disruptors (toxicity)</term>
<term>Environmental Exposure</term>
<term>Environmental Pollutants (toxicity)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Models, Theoretical</term>
<term>Risk Assessment (methods)</term>
<term>Toxicity Tests</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Exposition environnementale</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Modèles théoriques</term>
<term>Perturbateurs endocriniens (toxicité)</term>
<term>Polluants environnementaux (toxicité)</term>
<term>Tests de toxicité</term>
<term>Évaluation des risques ()</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Endocrine Disruptors</term>
<term>Environmental Pollutants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Risk Assessment</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Perturbateurs endocriniens</term>
<term>Polluants environnementaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Environmental Exposure</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Models, Theoretical</term>
<term>Toxicity Tests</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Exposition environnementale</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Modèles théoriques</term>
<term>Tests de toxicité</term>
<term>Évaluation des risques</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The issue of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is receiving wide attention from both the scientific and regulatory communities. Recent analyses of the EDC literature have been criticized for failing to use transparent and objective approaches to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence linking EDC exposures to adverse health or environmental outcomes. Systematic review methodologies are ideal for addressing this issue as they provide transparent and consistent approaches to study selection and evaluation. Objective methods are needed for integrating the multiple streams of evidence (epidemiology, wildlife, laboratory animal, in vitro, and in silico data) that are relevant in assessing EDCs.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pubmed>
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