Cost-effectiveness analysis of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis
Identifieur interne : 002C72 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002C71; suivant : 002C73Cost-effectiveness analysis of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis
Auteurs : Georg Auzinger [Royaume-Uni] ; E. Geoffrey Playford [Australie] ; Christopher N. Graham [États-Unis] ; Hediyyih N. Knox [États-Unis] ; David Weinstein [France] ; Michal Kantecki [France] ; Haran Schlamm [États-Unis] ; Claudie Charbonneau [France]Source :
- BMC Infectious Diseases [ 1471-2334 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Analyse coût-bénéfice, Antifongiques (effets indésirables), Antifongiques (usage thérapeutique), Antifongiques (économie), Candidose invasive (mortalité), Candidose invasive (traitement médicamenteux), Candidose invasive (économie), Candidémie (traitement médicamenteux), Coûts des médicaments, Durée du séjour (économie), Fluconazole (usage thérapeutique), Fluconazole (économie), Humains, Lipopeptides (usage thérapeutique), Lipopeptides (économie), Modèles économiques, Royaume-Uni, Résultat thérapeutique, Unités de soins intensifs (économie), Échinocandines (usage thérapeutique), Échinocandines (économie).
- MESH :
- effets indésirables : Antifongiques.
- mortalité : Candidose invasive.
- traitement médicamenteux : Candidose invasive, Candidémie.
- usage thérapeutique : Antifongiques, Fluconazole, Lipopeptides, Échinocandines.
- économie : Antifongiques, Candidose invasive, Durée du séjour, Fluconazole, Lipopeptides, Unités de soins intensifs, Échinocandines.
- Analyse coût-bénéfice, Coûts des médicaments, Humains, Modèles économiques, Royaume-Uni, Résultat thérapeutique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antifungal Agents (adverse effects), Antifungal Agents (economics), Antifungal Agents (therapeutic use), Candidemia (drug therapy), Candidiasis, Invasive (drug therapy), Candidiasis, Invasive (economics), Candidiasis, Invasive (mortality), Cost-Benefit Analysis, Drug Costs, Echinocandins (economics), Echinocandins (therapeutic use), Fluconazole (economics), Fluconazole (therapeutic use), Humans, Intensive Care Units (economics), Length of Stay (economics), Lipopeptides (economics), Lipopeptides (therapeutic use), Models, Economic, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom.
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Antifungal Agents.
- chemical , economics : Antifungal Agents, Echinocandins, Fluconazole, Lipopeptides.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antifungal Agents, Echinocandins, Fluconazole, Lipopeptides.
- drug therapy : Candidemia, Candidiasis, Invasive.
- economics : Candidiasis, Invasive, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay.
- mortality : Candidiasis, Invasive.
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Drug Costs, Humans, Models, Economic, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom.
Abstract
Candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis (C/IC) in the intensive care unit are challenging conditions that are associated with high rates of mortality. New guidelines from the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases strongly recommend echinocandins for the first-line treatment of C/IC. Here, a cost-effectiveness model was developed from the United Kingdom perspective to examine the costs and outcomes of antifungal treatment for C/IC based on the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines.
Costs and treatment outcomes with the echinocandin anidulafungin were compared with those for caspofungin, micafungin and fluconazole. The model included non-neutropenic patients aged ≥16 years with confirmed C/IC who were receiving intravenous first-line treatment. Patients were categorised as either a clinical success or failure (patients with persistent/breakthrough infection); successfully treated patients switched to oral therapy, while patients categorised as clinical failures switched to a different antifungal class. Other inputs were all-cause mortality at 6 weeks, costs of treatment-related adverse events and other medical resource utilisation costs. Resource use was derived from the published literature and from discussion with clinical experts. Drug-acquisition/administration costs were taken from standard United Kingdom costing sources.
The model indicated that first-line anidulafungin could be considered cost-effective versus fluconazole (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio £813 per life-year gained) for the treatment of C/IC. Anidulafungin was cost-saving versus caspofungin and micafungin due to lower total costs and a higher rate of survival combined with a higher probability of clinical success.
European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines recommend echinocandins for the first-line treatment of C/IC; our model indicated that anidulafungin marries clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
From the United Kingdom perspective, anidulafungin was cost-effective compared with fluconazole for the treatment of C/IC and was cost-saving versus the other echinocandins.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1143-1
PubMed: 26503366
PubMed Central: 4623895
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PMC:4623895Le document en format XML
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Antifungal Agents (economics)</term>
<term>Antifungal Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Candidemia (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive (economics)</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive (mortality)</term>
<term>Cost-Benefit Analysis</term>
<term>Drug Costs</term>
<term>Echinocandins (economics)</term>
<term>Echinocandins (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (economics)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units (economics)</term>
<term>Length of Stay (economics)</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (economics)</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Models, Economic</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
<term>United Kingdom</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse coût-bénéfice</term>
<term>Antifongiques (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Antifongiques (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Antifongiques (économie)</term>
<term>Candidose invasive (mortalité)</term>
<term>Candidose invasive (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Candidose invasive (économie)</term>
<term>Candidémie (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Coûts des médicaments</term>
<term>Durée du séjour (économie)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (économie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (économie)</term>
<term>Modèles économiques</term>
<term>Royaume-Uni</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs (économie)</term>
<term>Échinocandines (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Échinocandines (économie)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
<term>Echinocandins</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
<term>Echinocandins</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Candidemia</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Candidiasis, Invasive</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units</term>
<term>Length of Stay</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antifongiques</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Candidiasis, Invasive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Candidose invasive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Candidose invasive</term>
<term>Candidémie</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antifongiques</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
<term>Échinocandines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="économie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antifongiques</term>
<term>Candidose invasive</term>
<term>Durée du séjour</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs</term>
<term>Échinocandines</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Cost-Benefit Analysis</term>
<term>Drug Costs</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Models, Economic</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
<term>United Kingdom</term>
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<term>Coûts des médicaments</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Modèles économiques</term>
<term>Royaume-Uni</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis (C/IC) in the intensive care unit are challenging conditions that are associated with high rates of mortality. New guidelines from the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases strongly recommend echinocandins for the first-line treatment of C/IC. Here, a cost-effectiveness model was developed from the United Kingdom perspective to examine the costs and outcomes of antifungal treatment for C/IC based on the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Costs and treatment outcomes with the echinocandin anidulafungin were compared with those for caspofungin, micafungin and fluconazole. The model included non-neutropenic patients aged ≥16 years with confirmed C/IC who were receiving intravenous first-line treatment. Patients were categorised as either a clinical success or failure (patients with persistent/breakthrough infection); successfully treated patients switched to oral therapy, while patients categorised as clinical failures switched to a different antifungal class. Other inputs were all-cause mortality at 6 weeks, costs of treatment-related adverse events and other medical resource utilisation costs. Resource use was derived from the published literature and from discussion with clinical experts. Drug-acquisition/administration costs were taken from standard United Kingdom costing sources.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The model indicated that first-line anidulafungin could be considered cost-effective versus fluconazole (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio £813 per life-year gained) for the treatment of C/IC. Anidulafungin was cost-saving versus caspofungin and micafungin due to lower total costs and a higher rate of survival combined with a higher probability of clinical success.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Discussion</title>
<p>European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines recommend echinocandins for the first-line treatment of C/IC; our model indicated that anidulafungin marries clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>From the United Kingdom perspective, anidulafungin was cost-effective compared with fluconazole for the treatment of C/IC and was cost-saving versus the other echinocandins.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graham, Christopher N" sort="Graham, Christopher N" uniqKey="Graham C" first="Christopher N." last="Graham">Christopher N. Graham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knox, Hediyyih N" sort="Knox, Hediyyih N" uniqKey="Knox H" first="Hediyyih N." last="Knox">Hediyyih N. Knox</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, David" sort="Weinstein, David" uniqKey="Weinstein D" first="David" last="Weinstein">David Weinstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kantecki, Michal" sort="Kantecki, Michal" uniqKey="Kantecki M" first="Michal" last="Kantecki">Michal Kantecki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schlamm, Haran" sort="Schlamm, Haran" uniqKey="Schlamm H" first="Haran" last="Schlamm">Haran Schlamm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Pfizer Inc, New York, NY USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Pfizer Inc, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Charbonneau, Claudie" sort="Charbonneau, Claudie" uniqKey="Charbonneau C" first="Claudie" last="Charbonneau">Claudie Charbonneau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMC Infectious Diseases</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2334</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis (C/IC) in the intensive care unit are challenging conditions that are associated with high rates of mortality. New guidelines from the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases strongly recommend echinocandins for the first-line treatment of C/IC. Here, a cost-effectiveness model was developed from the United Kingdom perspective to examine the costs and outcomes of antifungal treatment for C/IC based on the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Costs and treatment outcomes with the echinocandin anidulafungin were compared with those for caspofungin, micafungin and fluconazole. The model included non-neutropenic patients aged ≥16 years with confirmed C/IC who were receiving intravenous first-line treatment. Patients were categorised as either a clinical success or failure (patients with persistent/breakthrough infection); successfully treated patients switched to oral therapy, while patients categorised as clinical failures switched to a different antifungal class. Other inputs were all-cause mortality at 6 weeks, costs of treatment-related adverse events and other medical resource utilisation costs. Resource use was derived from the published literature and from discussion with clinical experts. Drug-acquisition/administration costs were taken from standard United Kingdom costing sources.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The model indicated that first-line anidulafungin could be considered cost-effective versus fluconazole (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio £813 per life-year gained) for the treatment of C/IC. Anidulafungin was cost-saving versus caspofungin and micafungin due to lower total costs and a higher rate of survival combined with a higher probability of clinical success.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Discussion</title>
<p>European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines recommend echinocandins for the first-line treatment of C/IC; our model indicated that anidulafungin marries clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>From the United Kingdom perspective, anidulafungin was cost-effective compared with fluconazole for the treatment of C/IC and was cost-saving versus the other echinocandins.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cost-effectiveness analysis of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Auzinger, Georg" sort="Auzinger, Georg" uniqKey="Auzinger G" first="Georg" last="Auzinger">Georg Auzinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>King's College Hospital, London, UK. georg.auzinger@nhs.net.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>King's College Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Playford, E Geoffrey" sort="Playford, E Geoffrey" uniqKey="Playford E" first="E Geoffrey" last="Playford">E Geoffrey Playford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. geoffrey_playford@health.qld.gov.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graham, Christopher N" sort="Graham, Christopher N" uniqKey="Graham C" first="Christopher N" last="Graham">Christopher N. Graham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA. cgraham@rti.org.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knox, Hediyyih N" sort="Knox, Hediyyih N" uniqKey="Knox H" first="Hediyyih N" last="Knox">Hediyyih N. Knox</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA. hknox@rti.org.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, David" sort="Weinstein, David" uniqKey="Weinstein D" first="David" last="Weinstein">David Weinstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France. douvedel@yahoo.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kantecki, Michal" sort="Kantecki, Michal" uniqKey="Kantecki M" first="Michal" last="Kantecki">Michal Kantecki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France. Michal.Kantecki@Pfizer.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schlamm, Haran" sort="Schlamm, Haran" uniqKey="Schlamm H" first="Haran" last="Schlamm">Haran Schlamm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA. HTSchlamm@att.net.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer Inc, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Charbonneau, Claudie" sort="Charbonneau, Claudie" uniqKey="Charbonneau C" first="Claudie" last="Charbonneau">Claudie Charbonneau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France. claudie.charbonneau@pfizer.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:26503366</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26503366</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/s12879-015-1143-1</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002814</idno>
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<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002745</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Cost-effectiveness analysis of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Auzinger, Georg" sort="Auzinger, Georg" uniqKey="Auzinger G" first="Georg" last="Auzinger">Georg Auzinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>King's College Hospital, London, UK. georg.auzinger@nhs.net.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>King's College Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Playford, E Geoffrey" sort="Playford, E Geoffrey" uniqKey="Playford E" first="E Geoffrey" last="Playford">E Geoffrey Playford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. geoffrey_playford@health.qld.gov.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graham, Christopher N" sort="Graham, Christopher N" uniqKey="Graham C" first="Christopher N" last="Graham">Christopher N. Graham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA. cgraham@rti.org.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knox, Hediyyih N" sort="Knox, Hediyyih N" uniqKey="Knox H" first="Hediyyih N" last="Knox">Hediyyih N. Knox</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA. hknox@rti.org.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, David" sort="Weinstein, David" uniqKey="Weinstein D" first="David" last="Weinstein">David Weinstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France. douvedel@yahoo.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kantecki, Michal" sort="Kantecki, Michal" uniqKey="Kantecki M" first="Michal" last="Kantecki">Michal Kantecki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France. Michal.Kantecki@Pfizer.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schlamm, Haran" sort="Schlamm, Haran" uniqKey="Schlamm H" first="Haran" last="Schlamm">Haran Schlamm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA. HTSchlamm@att.net.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer Inc, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Charbonneau, Claudie" sort="Charbonneau, Claudie" uniqKey="Charbonneau C" first="Claudie" last="Charbonneau">Claudie Charbonneau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer International Operations, Paris, France. claudie.charbonneau@pfizer.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pfizer International Operations, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMC infectious diseases</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2334</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Antifungal Agents (economics)</term>
<term>Antifungal Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Candidemia (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive (economics)</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive (mortality)</term>
<term>Cost-Benefit Analysis</term>
<term>Drug Costs</term>
<term>Echinocandins (economics)</term>
<term>Echinocandins (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (economics)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units (economics)</term>
<term>Length of Stay (economics)</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (economics)</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Models, Economic</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
<term>United Kingdom</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse coût-bénéfice</term>
<term>Antifongiques (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Antifongiques (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Antifongiques (économie)</term>
<term>Candidose invasive (mortalité)</term>
<term>Candidose invasive (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Candidose invasive (économie)</term>
<term>Candidémie (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Coûts des médicaments</term>
<term>Durée du séjour (économie)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (économie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Lipopeptides (économie)</term>
<term>Modèles économiques</term>
<term>Royaume-Uni</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs (économie)</term>
<term>Échinocandines (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Échinocandines (économie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
<term>Echinocandins</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
<term>Echinocandins</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Candidemia</term>
<term>Candidiasis, Invasive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Candidiasis, Invasive</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units</term>
<term>Length of Stay</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antifongiques</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Candidiasis, Invasive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Candidose invasive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Candidose invasive</term>
<term>Candidémie</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antifongiques</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
<term>Échinocandines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="économie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antifongiques</term>
<term>Candidose invasive</term>
<term>Durée du séjour</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lipopeptides</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs</term>
<term>Échinocandines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Cost-Benefit Analysis</term>
<term>Drug Costs</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Models, Economic</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
<term>United Kingdom</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse coût-bénéfice</term>
<term>Coûts des médicaments</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Modèles économiques</term>
<term>Royaume-Uni</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis (C/IC) in the intensive care unit are challenging conditions that are associated with high rates of mortality. New guidelines from the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases strongly recommend echinocandins for the first-line treatment of C/IC. Here, a cost-effectiveness model was developed from the United Kingdom perspective to examine the costs and outcomes of antifungal treatment for C/IC based on the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pubmed>
</double>
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