Radiocarbon dating casts doubt on the late chronology of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in southern Iberia
Identifieur interne : 001123 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001122; suivant : 001124Radiocarbon dating casts doubt on the late chronology of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in southern Iberia
Auteurs : Rachel E. Wood [Australie, Royaume-Uni] ; Cecilio Barroso-Ruíz [Espagne] ; Miguel Caparr S [France] ; Jesús F. Jordá Pardo [Espagne] ; Bertila Galván Santos [Espagne] ; Thomas F. G. Higham [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that some of the latest dates for Neanderthal fossils and Mousterian industries are found south of the Ebro valley in Iberia at
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207656110
PubMed: 23382220
PubMed Central: 3581959
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>It is commonly accepted that some of the latest dates for Neanderthal fossils and Mousterian industries are found south of the Ebro valley in Iberia at <italic>ca.</italic>
36 ka calBP (calibrated radiocarbon date ranges). In contrast, to the north of the valley the Mousterian disappears shortly before the Proto-Aurignacian appears at <italic>ca.</italic>
42 ka calBP. The latter is most likely produced by anatomically modern humans. However, two-thirds of dates from the south are radiocarbon dates, a technique that is particularly sensitive to carbon contaminants of a younger age that can be difficult to remove using routine pretreatment protocols. We have attempted to test the reliability of chronologies of 11 southern Iberian Middle and early Upper Paleolithic sites. Only two, Jarama VI and Zafarraya, were found to contain material that could be reliably dated. In both sites, Middle Paleolithic contexts were previously dated by radiocarbon to less than 42 ka calBP. Using ultrafiltration to purify faunal bone collagen before radiocarbon dating, we obtain ages at least 10 ka <sup>14</sup>
C years older, close to or beyond the limit of the radiocarbon method for the Mousterian at Jarama VI and Neanderthal fossils at Zafarraya. Unless rigorous pretreatment protocols have been used, radiocarbon dates should be assumed to be inaccurate until proven otherwise in this region. Evidence for the late survival of Neanderthals in southern Iberia is limited to one possible site, Cueva Antón, and alternative models of human occupation of the region should be considered.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn>
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<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201207656</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1207656110</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Social Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject>
</subj-group>
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</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Radiocarbon dating casts doubt on the late chronology of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in southern Iberia</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="short">Radiocarbon dating of the last Neanderthals</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wood</surname>
<given-names>Rachel E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barroso-Ruíz</surname>
<given-names>Cecilio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caparrós</surname>
<given-names>Miguel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jordá Pardo</surname>
<given-names>Jesús F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Galván Santos</surname>
<given-names>Bertila</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Higham</surname>
<given-names>Thomas F. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia;</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico de Lucena, 14900 Lucena, Spain;</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>
Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75013 París, France;</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>
Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>
Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología e Historia Antigua, Universidad de la Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>rachel.wood@anu.edu.au</email>
.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved November 27, 2012 (received for review May 21, 2012)</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: R.E.W. and T.F.G.H. designed research; R.E.W., C.B.-R., M.C., J.F.J.P., and B.G.S. performed research; R.E.W., C.B.-R., M.C., J.F.J.P., and T.F.G.H. analyzed data; and R.E.W. wrote the paper.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>19</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2013</year>
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<volume>110</volume>
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<fpage>2781</fpage>
<lpage>2786</lpage>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.201207656.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>It is commonly accepted that some of the latest dates for Neanderthal fossils and Mousterian industries are found south of the Ebro valley in Iberia at <italic>ca.</italic>
36 ka calBP (calibrated radiocarbon date ranges). In contrast, to the north of the valley the Mousterian disappears shortly before the Proto-Aurignacian appears at <italic>ca.</italic>
42 ka calBP. The latter is most likely produced by anatomically modern humans. However, two-thirds of dates from the south are radiocarbon dates, a technique that is particularly sensitive to carbon contaminants of a younger age that can be difficult to remove using routine pretreatment protocols. We have attempted to test the reliability of chronologies of 11 southern Iberian Middle and early Upper Paleolithic sites. Only two, Jarama VI and Zafarraya, were found to contain material that could be reliably dated. In both sites, Middle Paleolithic contexts were previously dated by radiocarbon to less than 42 ka calBP. Using ultrafiltration to purify faunal bone collagen before radiocarbon dating, we obtain ages at least 10 ka <sup>14</sup>
C years older, close to or beyond the limit of the radiocarbon method for the Mousterian at Jarama VI and Neanderthal fossils at Zafarraya. Unless rigorous pretreatment protocols have been used, radiocarbon dates should be assumed to be inaccurate until proven otherwise in this region. Evidence for the late survival of Neanderthals in southern Iberia is limited to one possible site, Cueva Antón, and alternative models of human occupation of the region should be considered.</p>
</abstract>
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