Independent evolution of striated muscles in cnidarians and bilaterians
Identifieur interne : 000E84 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000E83; suivant : 000E85Independent evolution of striated muscles in cnidarians and bilaterians
Auteurs : Patrick R. H. Steinmetz [Autriche] ; Johanna E. M. Kraus [Autriche] ; Claire Larroux [Australie, Allemagne] ; Jörg U. Hammel [Allemagne] ; Annette Amon-Hassenzahl [Allemagne] ; Evelyn Houliston [France] ; Gert Wörheide [Allemagne] ; Michael Nickel [Allemagne] ; Bernard M. Degnan [Australie] ; Ulrich Technau [Autriche]Source :
- Nature [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Striated muscles are present in bilaterian animals (e.g. vertebrates, insects, annelids) and some non-bilaterian eumetazoans (i.e. cnidarians and ctenophores). The striking ultrastructural similarity of striated muscles between these animal groups is thought to reflect a common evolutionary origin
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nature11180
PubMed: 22763458
PubMed Central: 3398149
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 002D62
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 002C12
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001E85
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3398149Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Independent evolution of striated muscles in cnidarians and bilaterians</title>
<author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, Patrick R H" sort="Steinmetz, Patrick R H" uniqKey="Steinmetz P" first="Patrick R. H." last="Steinmetz">Patrick R. H. Steinmetz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraus, Johanna E M" sort="Kraus, Johanna E M" uniqKey="Kraus J" first="Johanna E. M." last="Kraus">Johanna E. M. Kraus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larroux, Claire" sort="Larroux, Claire" uniqKey="Larroux C" first="Claire" last="Larroux">Claire Larroux</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="U Hammel, Jorg" sort="U Hammel, Jorg" uniqKey="U Hammel J" first="Jörg" last="U. Hammel">Jörg U. Hammel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amon Hassenzahl, Annette" sort="Amon Hassenzahl, Annette" uniqKey="Amon Hassenzahl A" first="Annette" last="Amon-Hassenzahl">Annette Amon-Hassenzahl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Institute of Zoology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Zoology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Houliston, Evelyn" sort="Houliston, Evelyn" uniqKey="Houliston E" first="Evelyn" last="Houliston">Evelyn Houliston</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, “Biologie du Développement” UMR 7009, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, “Biologie du Développement” UMR 7009, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Worheide, Gert" sort="Worheide, Gert" uniqKey="Worheide G" first="Gert" last="Wörheide">Gert Wörheide</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A7">GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A8">Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nickel, Michael" sort="Nickel, Michael" uniqKey="Nickel M" first="Michael" last="Nickel">Michael Nickel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A7">GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Degnan, Bernard M" sort="Degnan, Bernard M" uniqKey="Degnan B" first="Bernard M." last="Degnan">Bernard M. Degnan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Technau, Ulrich" sort="Technau, Ulrich" uniqKey="Technau U" first="Ulrich" last="Technau">Ulrich Technau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22763458</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3398149</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398149</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3398149</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/nature11180</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D62</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D62</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002C12</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002C12</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001E85</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001E85</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000E84</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Independent evolution of striated muscles in cnidarians and bilaterians</title>
<author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, Patrick R H" sort="Steinmetz, Patrick R H" uniqKey="Steinmetz P" first="Patrick R. H." last="Steinmetz">Patrick R. H. Steinmetz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraus, Johanna E M" sort="Kraus, Johanna E M" uniqKey="Kraus J" first="Johanna E. M." last="Kraus">Johanna E. M. Kraus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larroux, Claire" sort="Larroux, Claire" uniqKey="Larroux C" first="Claire" last="Larroux">Claire Larroux</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="U Hammel, Jorg" sort="U Hammel, Jorg" uniqKey="U Hammel J" first="Jörg" last="U. Hammel">Jörg U. Hammel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amon Hassenzahl, Annette" sort="Amon Hassenzahl, Annette" uniqKey="Amon Hassenzahl A" first="Annette" last="Amon-Hassenzahl">Annette Amon-Hassenzahl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Institute of Zoology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Zoology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Houliston, Evelyn" sort="Houliston, Evelyn" uniqKey="Houliston E" first="Evelyn" last="Houliston">Evelyn Houliston</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, “Biologie du Développement” UMR 7009, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, “Biologie du Développement” UMR 7009, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Worheide, Gert" sort="Worheide, Gert" uniqKey="Worheide G" first="Gert" last="Wörheide">Gert Wörheide</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A7">GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A8">Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nickel, Michael" sort="Nickel, Michael" uniqKey="Nickel M" first="Michael" last="Nickel">Michael Nickel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A7">GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Degnan, Bernard M" sort="Degnan, Bernard M" uniqKey="Degnan B" first="Bernard M." last="Degnan">Bernard M. Degnan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane Queensland 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Technau, Ulrich" sort="Technau, Ulrich" uniqKey="Technau U" first="Ulrich" last="Technau">Ulrich Technau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Nature</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Striated muscles are present in bilaterian animals (e.g. vertebrates, insects, annelids) and some non-bilaterian eumetazoans (i.e. cnidarians and ctenophores). The striking ultrastructural similarity of striated muscles between these animal groups is thought to reflect a common evolutionary origin<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>
</sup>
. Here we show that a muscle protein core set, including a Myosin type II Heavy Chain motor protein characteristic of striated muscles in vertebrates (MyHC-st), was already present in unicellular organisms before the origin of multicellular animals. Furthermore, <italic>myhc-st</italic>
and <italic>myhc-non-muscle (myhc-nm)</italic>
orthologues are expressed differentially in two sponges, compatible with the functional diversification of <italic>myhc</italic>
paralogues before the origin of true muscles and the subsequent deployment of <italic>MyHC-st</italic>
in fast-contracting smooth and striated muscle. Cnidarians and ctenophores possess <italic>myhc-st</italic>
orthologues but lack crucial components of bilaterian striated muscles, such as <italic>troponin</italic>
complex and <italic>titin</italic>
genes, suggesting the convergent evolution of striated muscles. Consistently, jellyfish orthologues of a shared set of bilaterian z-disc proteins are not associated with striated muscles, but are instead expressed elsewhere or ubiquitously. The independent evolution of eumetazoan striated muscles through the addition of novel proteins to a pre-existing, ancestral contractile apparatus may serve as a paradigm for the evolution of complex animal cell types.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seipel, K" uniqKey="Seipel K">K Seipel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmid, V" uniqKey="Schmid V">V Schmid</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schuchert, P" uniqKey="Schuchert P">P Schuchert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reber Muller, S" uniqKey="Reber Muller S">S Reber-Müller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmid, V" uniqKey="Schmid V">V Schmid</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Dm" uniqKey="Chapman D">DM Chapman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muscatine, L" uniqKey="Muscatine L">L Muscatine</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burton, Pm" uniqKey="Burton P">PM Burton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmidt Rhaesa, A" uniqKey="Schmidt Rhaesa A">A Schmidt-Rhaesa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mackie, Go" uniqKey="Mackie G">GO Mackie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mills, Ce" uniqKey="Mills C">CE Mills</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singla, Cl" uniqKey="Singla C">CL Singla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boelsterli, U" uniqKey="Boelsterli U">U Boelsterli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Squire, Jm" uniqKey="Squire J">JM Squire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Khayat, Ha" uniqKey="Al Khayat H">HA Al-Khayat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knupp, C" uniqKey="Knupp C">C Knupp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luther, Pk" uniqKey="Luther P">PK Luther</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hooper, Sl" uniqKey="Hooper S">SL Hooper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hobbs, Kh" uniqKey="Hobbs K">KH Hobbs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thuma, Jb" uniqKey="Thuma J">JB Thuma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kamm, Ke" uniqKey="Kamm K">KE Kamm</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stull, Jt" uniqKey="Stull J">JT Stull</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Korn, Ed" uniqKey="Korn E">ED Korn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oota, S" uniqKey="Oota S">S Oota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saitou, N" uniqKey="Saitou N">N Saitou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goodson, Hv" uniqKey="Goodson H">HV Goodson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spudich, Ja" uniqKey="Spudich J">JA Spudich</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vicente Manzanares, M" uniqKey="Vicente Manzanares M">M Vicente-Manzanares</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, X" uniqKey="Ma X">X Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adelstein, Rs" uniqKey="Adelstein R">RS Adelstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horwitz, Ar" uniqKey="Horwitz A">AR Horwitz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hooper, Sl" uniqKey="Hooper S">SL Hooper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thuma, Jb" uniqKey="Thuma J">JB Thuma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nickel, M" uniqKey="Nickel M">M Nickel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheer, C" uniqKey="Scheer C">C Scheer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hammel, Ju" uniqKey="Hammel J">JU Hammel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herzen, J" uniqKey="Herzen J">J Herzen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beckmann, F" uniqKey="Beckmann F">F Beckmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hammel, Ju" uniqKey="Hammel J">JU Hammel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adamska, M" uniqKey="Adamska M">M Adamska</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Renfer, E" uniqKey="Renfer E">E Renfer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amon Hassenzahl, A" uniqKey="Amon Hassenzahl A">A Amon-Hassenzahl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, Pr" uniqKey="Steinmetz P">PR Steinmetz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Technau, U" uniqKey="Technau U">U Technau</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rui, Y" uniqKey="Rui Y">Y Rui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, J" uniqKey="Bai J">J Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perrimon, N" uniqKey="Perrimon N">N Perrimon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanger, Jm" uniqKey="Sanger J">JM Sanger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanger, Jw" uniqKey="Sanger J">JW Sanger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clark, Ka" uniqKey="Clark K">KA Clark</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcelhinny, As" uniqKey="Mcelhinny A">AS McElhinny</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beckerle, Mc" uniqKey="Beckerle M">MC Beckerle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gregorio, Cc" uniqKey="Gregorio C">CC Gregorio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frank, D" uniqKey="Frank D">D Frank</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuhn, C" uniqKey="Kuhn C">C Kuhn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katus, Ha" uniqKey="Katus H">HA Katus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frey, N" uniqKey="Frey N">N Frey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martindale, Mq" uniqKey="Martindale M">MQ Martindale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pang, K" uniqKey="Pang K">K Pang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Finnerty, Jr" uniqKey="Finnerty J">JR Finnerty</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ayme Southgate, Aj" uniqKey="Ayme Southgate A">AJ Ayme-Southgate</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Southgate, Rj" uniqKey="Southgate R">RJ Southgate</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Philipp, Ra" uniqKey="Philipp R">RA Philipp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sotka, Ee" uniqKey="Sotka E">EE Sotka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kramp, C" uniqKey="Kramp C">C Kramp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kenny, Pa" uniqKey="Kenny P">PA Kenny</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liston, Em" uniqKey="Liston E">EM Liston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higgins, Dg" uniqKey="Higgins D">DG Higgins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sutter, Sb" uniqKey="Sutter S">SB Sutter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raeker, Mo" uniqKey="Raeker M">MO Raeker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borisov, Ab" uniqKey="Borisov A">AB Borisov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Mw" uniqKey="Russell M">MW Russell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Craig, R" uniqKey="Craig R">R Craig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodhead, Jl" uniqKey="Woodhead J">JL Woodhead</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Torruella, G" uniqKey="Torruella G">G Torruella</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Philippe, H" uniqKey="Philippe H">H Philippe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0410462</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6011</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nature</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nature</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0028-0836</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1476-4687</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22763458</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3398149</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nature11180</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">UKMS48099</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Independent evolution of striated muscles in cnidarians and bilaterians</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Steinmetz</surname>
<given-names>Patrick R.H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kraus</surname>
<given-names>Johanna E.M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Larroux</surname>
<given-names>Claire</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>U. Hammel</surname>
<given-names>Jörg</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amon-Hassenzahl</surname>
<given-names>Annette</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Houliston</surname>
<given-names>Evelyn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wörheide</surname>
<given-names>Gert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nickel</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Degnan</surname>
<given-names>Bernard M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Technau</surname>
<given-names>Ulrich</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">#</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Institute of Zoology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, “Biologie du Développement” UMR 7009, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><label>#</label>
Corresponding author: <email>Ulrich.technau@univie.ac.at</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>21</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>12</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>12</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>487</volume>
<issue>7406</issue>
<fpage>231</fpage>
<lpage>234</lpage>
<permissions><license><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data- mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</uri>
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P1">Striated muscles are present in bilaterian animals (e.g. vertebrates, insects, annelids) and some non-bilaterian eumetazoans (i.e. cnidarians and ctenophores). The striking ultrastructural similarity of striated muscles between these animal groups is thought to reflect a common evolutionary origin<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>
</sup>
. Here we show that a muscle protein core set, including a Myosin type II Heavy Chain motor protein characteristic of striated muscles in vertebrates (MyHC-st), was already present in unicellular organisms before the origin of multicellular animals. Furthermore, <italic>myhc-st</italic>
and <italic>myhc-non-muscle (myhc-nm)</italic>
orthologues are expressed differentially in two sponges, compatible with the functional diversification of <italic>myhc</italic>
paralogues before the origin of true muscles and the subsequent deployment of <italic>MyHC-st</italic>
in fast-contracting smooth and striated muscle. Cnidarians and ctenophores possess <italic>myhc-st</italic>
orthologues but lack crucial components of bilaterian striated muscles, such as <italic>troponin</italic>
complex and <italic>titin</italic>
genes, suggesting the convergent evolution of striated muscles. Consistently, jellyfish orthologues of a shared set of bilaterian z-disc proteins are not associated with striated muscles, but are instead expressed elsewhere or ubiquitously. The independent evolution of eumetazoan striated muscles through the addition of novel proteins to a pre-existing, ancestral contractile apparatus may serve as a paradigm for the evolution of complex animal cell types.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Complex phylogenomic distribution of contractile machinery (a) and z-disc interactome (b) components</title>
<p>Rows: gene names of vertebrate and/or <italic>D. melanogaster</italic>
contractile machinery (a) or z-disc complex (b) components. Columns: species and their phylogenetic relationship<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">29</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">30</xref>
</sup>
. Asterisk: only a preliminary assembly without gene predictions was available for <italic>M. leidyi</italic>
. Row labels in (a): site of predominant gene expression; in (b): species with reported z-disc localization of the gene product. Multifamily protein and uncertain orthologies supported by further molecular phylogenetic and protein domain analyses (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Figs. 2</xref>
, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">6</xref>
, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">7</xref>
). All abbreviations in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Supplementary Table 1</xref>
.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ukmss-48099-f0001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><title>Ancient <italic>myhc</italic>
gene duplication predated animal radiation</title>
<p>Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of MyHC type II proteins with nodes collapsed if they diverged between neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, or Bayesian inference. The nesting of protist MyHCs within the MyHC-nm orthology group supports a <italic>myhc</italic>
duplication event in the common ancestor of Metazoa, Choanoflagellata, Filasterea and Ichthyosporea, but also assumes secondary losses of <italic>myhc-st</italic>
genes in protist phyla. Diagrams: MyHC domain structures. Final alignment length: 1730 a.a. Scale bar: 0.2 changes per site. Coloured numbers: positions of non-canonical coiled-coil domains. a.a.: amino acid. Species abbreviations, sequence accession and protein model numbers in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Supplementary Table 1</xref>
.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ukmss-48099-f0002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><title>Expression of <italic>myhc-st</italic>
in a demosponge, and in anthozoan and hydrozoan cnidarians</title>
<p><italic>In situ</italic>
hybridisations (a, d-g, l-o) and schematic representations (c, h-k, p-r) of <italic>myhc-st</italic>
expression in the adult demosponge <italic>Tethya wilhelma</italic>
(a,c), the anthozoan <italic>Nematostella vectensis</italic>
(d-k), and the hydrozoan <italic>Clytia hemisphaerica</italic>
(l-r). Scanning electron microscopy image (b) and schematic representation (c) of a sectionned choanocyte chambers of <italic>T. wilhelma. Tw-myhc-st</italic>
-expressing multi-porous cells (b, white arrows, inlet; c, red) are likely involved in water flow (blue dotted arrows) regulation through choanocyte chambers (within dotted white lines). (o) Velum of a young medusa was lifted. Developmental stages: (d-e, h-i) 4 days old planula; (f,k) 9 days old primary polyps; (l-m, p-q) medusal buds; (n-o, r) young medusae; (a-c, g) adults. (a,g) Cross-sections of stained animals; (d-g, l-o) whole-mount micrographs. Views: (d,f,h,k-l,p,r) lateral; (e,i, m-o,q) oral. Aboral towards top (d,h,r) or lower-right (f, k-l, p). Asterisk: mouth. ap: apopyle, cc: choanocyte chamber; exc: excurrent channel; inc: incurrent channel; mh: mesohyl; pp: prosopyle; rc: ring canal; rm: retractor muscle; su: subumbrella; tb: tentacle bulb; tm: tentacle muscle; v: velum. Scale bar: 10μm.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ukmss-48099-f0003"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label>
<caption><title>Absence of <italic>Clytia hemisphaerica muscleLim</italic>
and <italic>Ch-ldb3/zasp</italic>
expression in striated muscles</title>
<p><italic>In situ</italic>
hybridisation (a-d) and schematic representation (e-f) of <italic>Ch-muscleLim</italic>
(a, b), <italic>Ch-ldb3/zasp</italic>
(c, d) expression mainly restricte to the developing radial canal endoderm (a-f). <italic>Ch-myhc-st</italic>
-positive subumbrella striated muscle precursor cells (arrows, compare with <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3m</xref>
) do not show <italic>muscleLim</italic>
- or <italic>ldb3/zasp</italic>
-expression. Stages: medusal bud (a,c,e), young medusa (b,d,f). All oral views.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ukmss-48099-f0004"></graphic>
</fig>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Autriche</li>
<li>France</li>
</country>
<region><li>Bavière</li>
<li>District de Darmstadt</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>Hesse (Land)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Darmstadt</li>
<li>Munich</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Steinmetz, Patrick R H" sort="Steinmetz, Patrick R H" uniqKey="Steinmetz P" first="Patrick R. H." last="Steinmetz">Patrick R. H. Steinmetz</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Kraus, Johanna E M" sort="Kraus, Johanna E M" uniqKey="Kraus J" first="Johanna E. M." last="Kraus">Johanna E. M. Kraus</name>
<name sortKey="Technau, Ulrich" sort="Technau, Ulrich" uniqKey="Technau U" first="Ulrich" last="Technau">Ulrich Technau</name>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Larroux, Claire" sort="Larroux, Claire" uniqKey="Larroux C" first="Claire" last="Larroux">Claire Larroux</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Degnan, Bernard M" sort="Degnan, Bernard M" uniqKey="Degnan B" first="Bernard M." last="Degnan">Bernard M. Degnan</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bavière"><name sortKey="Larroux, Claire" sort="Larroux, Claire" uniqKey="Larroux C" first="Claire" last="Larroux">Claire Larroux</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Amon Hassenzahl, Annette" sort="Amon Hassenzahl, Annette" uniqKey="Amon Hassenzahl A" first="Annette" last="Amon-Hassenzahl">Annette Amon-Hassenzahl</name>
<name sortKey="Nickel, Michael" sort="Nickel, Michael" uniqKey="Nickel M" first="Michael" last="Nickel">Michael Nickel</name>
<name sortKey="Nickel, Michael" sort="Nickel, Michael" uniqKey="Nickel M" first="Michael" last="Nickel">Michael Nickel</name>
<name sortKey="U Hammel, Jorg" sort="U Hammel, Jorg" uniqKey="U Hammel J" first="Jörg" last="U. Hammel">Jörg U. Hammel</name>
<name sortKey="Worheide, Gert" sort="Worheide, Gert" uniqKey="Worheide G" first="Gert" last="Wörheide">Gert Wörheide</name>
<name sortKey="Worheide, Gert" sort="Worheide, Gert" uniqKey="Worheide G" first="Gert" last="Wörheide">Gert Wörheide</name>
<name sortKey="Worheide, Gert" sort="Worheide, Gert" uniqKey="Worheide G" first="Gert" last="Wörheide">Gert Wörheide</name>
</country>
<country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Houliston, Evelyn" sort="Houliston, Evelyn" uniqKey="Houliston E" first="Evelyn" last="Houliston">Evelyn Houliston</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E84 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 000E84 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Asie |area= AustralieFrV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3398149 |texte= Independent evolution of striated muscles in cnidarians and bilaterians }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:22763458" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |