Rare, evolutionarily unlikely missense substitutions in CHEK2 contribute to breast cancer susceptibility: results from a breast cancer family registry case-control mutation-screening study
Identifieur interne : 000960 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000959; suivant : 000961Rare, evolutionarily unlikely missense substitutions in CHEK2 contribute to breast cancer susceptibility: results from a breast cancer family registry case-control mutation-screening study
Auteurs : Florence Le Calvez-Kelm [France] ; Fabienne Lesueur [France] ; Francesca Damiola [France] ; Maxime Vallée [France] ; Catherine Voegele [France] ; Davit Babikyan [Arménie] ; Geoffroy Durand [France] ; Nathalie Forey [France] ; Sandrine Mckay-Chopin [France] ; Nivonirina Robinot [France] ; Tù Nguyen-Dumont [France] ; Alun Thomas [États-Unis] ; Graham B. Byrnes [France] ; John L. Hopper [Australie] ; Melissa C. Southey [Australie] ; Irene L. Andrulis [Canada] ; Esther M. John [États-Unis] ; Sean V. Tavtigian [États-Unis]Source :
- Breast Cancer Research : BCR [ 1465-5411 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Both protein-truncating variants and some missense substitutions in
Previously, we adapted an
We found evidence of risk associated with rare, evolutionarily unlikely
This study shows that
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/bcr2810
PubMed: 21244692
PubMed Central: 3109572
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PMC:3109572Le document en format XML
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contribute to breast cancer susceptibility: results from a breast cancer family registry case-control mutation-screening study</title>
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<author><name sortKey="John, Esther M" sort="John, Esther M" uniqKey="John E" first="Esther M" last="John">Esther M. John</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Tavtigian, Sean V" sort="Tavtigian, Sean V" uniqKey="Tavtigian S" first="Sean V" last="Tavtigian">Sean V. Tavtigian</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Rare, evolutionarily unlikely missense substitutions in <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
contribute to breast cancer susceptibility: results from a breast cancer family registry case-control mutation-screening study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" sort="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" uniqKey="Le Calvez Kelm F" first="Florence" last="Le Calvez-Kelm">Florence Le Calvez-Kelm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon CEDEX 08, F-69372, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon CEDEX 08, F-69372</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lesueur, Fabienne" sort="Lesueur, Fabienne" uniqKey="Lesueur F" first="Fabienne" last="Lesueur">Fabienne Lesueur</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Damiola, Francesca" sort="Damiola, Francesca" uniqKey="Damiola F" first="Francesca" last="Damiola">Francesca Damiola</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Vallee, Maxime" sort="Vallee, Maxime" uniqKey="Vallee M" first="Maxime" last="Vallée">Maxime Vallée</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Voegele, Catherine" sort="Voegele, Catherine" uniqKey="Voegele C" first="Catherine" last="Voegele">Catherine Voegele</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Babikyan, Davit" sort="Babikyan, Davit" uniqKey="Babikyan D" first="Davit" last="Babikyan">Davit Babikyan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Durand, Geoffroy" sort="Durand, Geoffroy" uniqKey="Durand G" first="Geoffroy" last="Durand">Geoffroy Durand</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Forey, Nathalie" sort="Forey, Nathalie" uniqKey="Forey N" first="Nathalie" last="Forey">Nathalie Forey</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mckay Chopin, Sandrine" sort="Mckay Chopin, Sandrine" uniqKey="Mckay Chopin S" first="Sandrine" last="Mckay-Chopin">Sandrine Mckay-Chopin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Robinot, Nivonirina" sort="Robinot, Nivonirina" uniqKey="Robinot N" first="Nivonirina" last="Robinot">Nivonirina Robinot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon CEDEX 08, F-69372, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon CEDEX 08, F-69372</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Nguyen Dumont, Tu" sort="Nguyen Dumont, Tu" uniqKey="Nguyen Dumont T" first="Tù" last="Nguyen-Dumont">Tù Nguyen-Dumont</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon CEDEX 08, F-69372, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Alun" sort="Thomas, Alun" uniqKey="Thomas A" first="Alun" last="Thomas">Alun Thomas</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite D, Salt Lake City, UT 84108</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Byrnes, Graham B" sort="Byrnes, Graham B" uniqKey="Byrnes G" first="Graham B" last="Byrnes">Graham B. Byrnes</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon CEDEX 08, F-69372</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Hopper, John L" sort="Hopper, John L" uniqKey="Hopper J" first="John L" last="Hopper">John L. Hopper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I4">Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</nlm:aff>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C" last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I7">Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Medical Building 181, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Medical Building 181, Melbourne, Victoria 3010</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene L" sort="Andrulis, Irene L" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene L" last="Andrulis">Irene L. Andrulis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I5">Cancer Care Ontario, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Care Ontario, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="John, Esther M" sort="John, Esther M" uniqKey="John E" first="Esther M" last="John">Esther M. John</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I6">Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I8">Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tavtigian, Sean V" sort="Tavtigian, Sean V" uniqKey="Tavtigian S" first="Sean V" last="Tavtigian">Sean V. Tavtigian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I9">Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Utah</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Breast Cancer Research : BCR</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1465-5411</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1465-542X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Both protein-truncating variants and some missense substitutions in <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
confer increased risk of breast cancer. However, no large-scale study has used full open reading frame mutation screening to assess the contribution of rare missense substitutions in <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
to breast cancer risk. This absence has been due in part to a lack of validated statistical methods for summarizing risk attributable to large numbers of individually rare missense substitutions.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Previously, we adapted an <italic>in silico </italic>
assessment of missense substitutions used for analysis of unclassified missense substitutions in <italic>BRCA1 </italic>
and <italic>BRCA2 </italic>
to the problem of assessing candidate genes using rare missense substitution data observed in case-control mutation-screening studies. The method involves stratifying rare missense substitutions observed in cases and/or controls into a series of grades ordered <italic>a priori </italic>
from least to most likely to be evolutionarily deleterious, followed by a logistic regression test for trends to compare the frequency distributions of the graded missense substitutions in cases versus controls. Here we used this approach to analyze <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
mutation-screening data from a population-based series of 1,303 female breast cancer patients and 1,109 unaffected female controls.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>We found evidence of risk associated with rare, evolutionarily unlikely <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
missense substitutions. Additional findings were that (1) the risk estimate for the most severe grade of <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
missense substitutions (denoted C65) is approximately equivalent to that of <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
protein-truncating variants; (2) the population attributable fraction and the familial relative risk explained by the pool of rare missense substitutions were similar to those explained by the pool of protein-truncating variants; and (3) <italic>post hoc </italic>
power calculations implied that scaling up case-control mutation screening to examine entire biochemical pathways would require roughly 2,000 cases and controls to achieve acceptable statistical power.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>This study shows that <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
harbors many rare sequence variants that confer increased risk of breast cancer and that a substantial proportion of these are missense substitutions. The study validates our analytic approach to rare missense substitutions and provides a method to combine data from protein-truncating variants and rare missense substitutions into a one degree of freedom per gene test.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Breast Cancer Res</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Breast Cancer Research : BCR</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1465-5411</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1465-542X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21244692</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3109572</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">bcr2810</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/bcr2810</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Rare, evolutionarily unlikely missense substitutions in <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
contribute to breast cancer susceptibility: results from a breast cancer family registry case-control mutation-screening study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Le Calvez-Kelm</surname>
<given-names>Florence</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>lecalvez@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" id="A2"><name><surname>Lesueur</surname>
<given-names>Fabienne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>lesueurf@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Damiola</surname>
<given-names>Francesca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>damiolaf@fellows.iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Vallée</surname>
<given-names>Maxime</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>valleem@students.iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5"><name><surname>Voegele</surname>
<given-names>Catherine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>voegele@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A6"><name><surname>Babikyan</surname>
<given-names>Davit</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>babikyand@genetics.sci.am</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A7"><name><surname>Durand</surname>
<given-names>Geoffroy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>durandg@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A8"><name><surname>Forey</surname>
<given-names>Nathalie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>forey@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A9"><name><surname>McKay-Chopin</surname>
<given-names>Sandrine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>chopin@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A10"><name><surname>Robinot</surname>
<given-names>Nivonirina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>robinotn@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A11"><name><surname>Nguyen-Dumont</surname>
<given-names>Tù</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>nguyent@students.iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A12"><name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>Alun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref>
<email>alun.thomas@utah.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A13"><name><surname>Byrnes</surname>
<given-names>Graham B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>byrnesg@iarc.fr</email>
</contrib>
<on-behalf-of>Breast Cancer Family Registry </on-behalf-of>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A15"><name><surname>Hopper</surname>
<given-names>John L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">4</xref>
<email>j.hopper@unimelb.edu.au</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A16"><name><surname>Southey</surname>
<given-names>Melissa C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I7">7</xref>
<email>msouthey@unimelb.edu.au</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A17"><name><surname>Andrulis</surname>
<given-names>Irene L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5">5</xref>
<email>andrulis@lunenfeld.ca</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A18"><name><surname>John</surname>
<given-names>Esther M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I8">8</xref>
<email>esther.john@cpic.org</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A19"><name><surname>Tavtigian</surname>
<given-names>Sean V</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I9">9</xref>
<email>sean.tavtigian@hci.utah.edu</email>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><label>1</label>
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon CEDEX 08, F-69372, France</aff>
<aff id="I2"><label>2</label>
Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Center of Medical Genetics and Primary Health Care, 4 Tigran Mets Avenue, Yerevan 375010, Armenia</aff>
<aff id="I3"><label>3</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite D, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA</aff>
<aff id="I4"><label>4</label>
Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</aff>
<aff id="I5"><label>5</label>
Cancer Care Ontario, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada</aff>
<aff id="I6"><label>6</label>
Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538, USA</aff>
<aff id="I7"><label>7</label>
Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Medical Building 181, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</aff>
<aff id="I8"><label>8</label>
Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</aff>
<aff id="I9"><label>9</label>
Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>R6</fpage>
<lpage>R6</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>2</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>24</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright ©2011 Calvez-Kelm et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Calvez-Kelm et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/13/1/R6"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Both protein-truncating variants and some missense substitutions in <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
confer increased risk of breast cancer. However, no large-scale study has used full open reading frame mutation screening to assess the contribution of rare missense substitutions in <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
to breast cancer risk. This absence has been due in part to a lack of validated statistical methods for summarizing risk attributable to large numbers of individually rare missense substitutions.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Previously, we adapted an <italic>in silico </italic>
assessment of missense substitutions used for analysis of unclassified missense substitutions in <italic>BRCA1 </italic>
and <italic>BRCA2 </italic>
to the problem of assessing candidate genes using rare missense substitution data observed in case-control mutation-screening studies. The method involves stratifying rare missense substitutions observed in cases and/or controls into a series of grades ordered <italic>a priori </italic>
from least to most likely to be evolutionarily deleterious, followed by a logistic regression test for trends to compare the frequency distributions of the graded missense substitutions in cases versus controls. Here we used this approach to analyze <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
mutation-screening data from a population-based series of 1,303 female breast cancer patients and 1,109 unaffected female controls.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>We found evidence of risk associated with rare, evolutionarily unlikely <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
missense substitutions. Additional findings were that (1) the risk estimate for the most severe grade of <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
missense substitutions (denoted C65) is approximately equivalent to that of <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
protein-truncating variants; (2) the population attributable fraction and the familial relative risk explained by the pool of rare missense substitutions were similar to those explained by the pool of protein-truncating variants; and (3) <italic>post hoc </italic>
power calculations implied that scaling up case-control mutation screening to examine entire biochemical pathways would require roughly 2,000 cases and controls to achieve acceptable statistical power.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>This study shows that <italic>CHEK2 </italic>
harbors many rare sequence variants that confer increased risk of breast cancer and that a substantial proportion of these are missense substitutions. The study validates our analytic approach to rare missense substitutions and provides a method to combine data from protein-truncating variants and rare missense substitutions into a one degree of freedom per gene test.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Arménie</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Ontario</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Utah</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Melbourne</li>
<li>Toronto</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Melbourne</li>
<li>Université de Toronto</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" sort="Le Calvez Kelm, Florence" uniqKey="Le Calvez Kelm F" first="Florence" last="Le Calvez-Kelm">Florence Le Calvez-Kelm</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Byrnes, Graham B" sort="Byrnes, Graham B" uniqKey="Byrnes G" first="Graham B" last="Byrnes">Graham B. Byrnes</name>
<name sortKey="Damiola, Francesca" sort="Damiola, Francesca" uniqKey="Damiola F" first="Francesca" last="Damiola">Francesca Damiola</name>
<name sortKey="Durand, Geoffroy" sort="Durand, Geoffroy" uniqKey="Durand G" first="Geoffroy" last="Durand">Geoffroy Durand</name>
<name sortKey="Forey, Nathalie" sort="Forey, Nathalie" uniqKey="Forey N" first="Nathalie" last="Forey">Nathalie Forey</name>
<name sortKey="Lesueur, Fabienne" sort="Lesueur, Fabienne" uniqKey="Lesueur F" first="Fabienne" last="Lesueur">Fabienne Lesueur</name>
<name sortKey="Mckay Chopin, Sandrine" sort="Mckay Chopin, Sandrine" uniqKey="Mckay Chopin S" first="Sandrine" last="Mckay-Chopin">Sandrine Mckay-Chopin</name>
<name sortKey="Nguyen Dumont, Tu" sort="Nguyen Dumont, Tu" uniqKey="Nguyen Dumont T" first="Tù" last="Nguyen-Dumont">Tù Nguyen-Dumont</name>
<name sortKey="Robinot, Nivonirina" sort="Robinot, Nivonirina" uniqKey="Robinot N" first="Nivonirina" last="Robinot">Nivonirina Robinot</name>
<name sortKey="Vallee, Maxime" sort="Vallee, Maxime" uniqKey="Vallee M" first="Maxime" last="Vallée">Maxime Vallée</name>
<name sortKey="Voegele, Catherine" sort="Voegele, Catherine" uniqKey="Voegele C" first="Catherine" last="Voegele">Catherine Voegele</name>
</country>
<country name="Arménie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Babikyan, Davit" sort="Babikyan, Davit" uniqKey="Babikyan D" first="Davit" last="Babikyan">Davit Babikyan</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Utah"><name sortKey="Thomas, Alun" sort="Thomas, Alun" uniqKey="Thomas A" first="Alun" last="Thomas">Alun Thomas</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="John, Esther M" sort="John, Esther M" uniqKey="John E" first="Esther M" last="John">Esther M. John</name>
<name sortKey="John, Esther M" sort="John, Esther M" uniqKey="John E" first="Esther M" last="John">Esther M. John</name>
<name sortKey="Tavtigian, Sean V" sort="Tavtigian, Sean V" uniqKey="Tavtigian S" first="Sean V" last="Tavtigian">Sean V. Tavtigian</name>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Hopper, John L" sort="Hopper, John L" uniqKey="Hopper J" first="John L" last="Hopper">John L. Hopper</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Southey, Melissa C" sort="Southey, Melissa C" uniqKey="Southey M" first="Melissa C" last="Southey">Melissa C. Southey</name>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><region name="Ontario"><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene L" sort="Andrulis, Irene L" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene L" last="Andrulis">Irene L. Andrulis</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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